Geological Note 12 Correlating Mississippian Stratigraphic Relationships Between Southern Ohio and North-Central Kentucky by Audrey A

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Geological Note 12 Correlating Mississippian Stratigraphic Relationships between Southern Ohio and North-Central Kentucky by Audrey A. Blakeman

STATE OF OHIO DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES DIVISION OF GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Thomas J. Serenko, Chief

Columbus 2017 ODNR DIVISION OF GEOLOGICAL SURVEY (614) 265-6576 2045 MORSE RD., BLDG. C-1 (614) 447-1918 (FAX) [email protected] COLUMBUS, OHIO 43229-6693 www.OhioGeology.com

SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL STAFF OF THE DIVISION OF GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

Administration Thomas J. Serenko, PhD, State Geologist and Division Chief Michael P. Angle, MS, Assistant State Geologist and Assistant Division Chief May Sholes, MBA, Financial Analyst Supervisor Renee L. Whitfield, BA, Administrative Professional Geologic Mapping & Industrial Minerals Group Paul N. Spahr, MS, Geologist Supervisor Douglas J. Aden, MS, Geologist Nathan R. Erber, MS, Geologist Franklin L. Fugitt, BS, Geologist T. Andrew Nash, MS, Geologist Brittany D. Parrick, BS, Geology Technician James D. Stucker, MS, Geologist Christopher E. Wright, MS, Geologist Ground Water Resources Group James M. Raab, MS, Geologist Supervisor Scott C. Kirk, BS, Environmental Specialist Mitchell W. Valerio, MS, Environmental Specialist Energy Resources Group Mohammad Fakhari, PhD, Geologist Supervisor Julie M. Bloxson, MS, Geologist Derek J. Foley, MS, Geologist Samuel R. W. Hulett, MS, Geologist Michael P. Solis, MS, Geologist Christopher B. T. Waid, MS, Geologist Geologic Hazards Group D. Mark Jones, MS, Geologist Supervisor Daniel R. Blake, MS, Geologist Jeffrey L. Deisher, AAS, Geology Technician Jeffrey L. Fox, MS, Seismologist Sara M. Kowalke, MS, Seismologist Publications & Geologic Records Center Madge R. Fitak, BS, Customer Service Specialist Sylvia R. Halladay, MLS, Librarian Lisa F. Long, MLIS, Librarian/Archivist Mark E. Peter, MS, Paleontologist S. Ann Rogers, MLIS, Library Assistant Charles R. Salmons, MA, Publications Editor

An Equal Opportunity Employer - M/F/H Correlating Mississippian Stratigraphic Relationships between Southern Ohio and North-Central Kentucky

by Audrey A. Blakeman

Geological Note 12

STATE OF OHIO DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES DIVISION OF GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Thomas J. Serenko, Chief

Columbus 2017 Editing: Charles R. Salmons Graphic design and layout: David S. Orr

Front cover: Exposure of the Cowbell Member of the Borden Formation along a railroad cut north of U.S. Route 52, east of the Sciotoville neighborhood of Portsmouth, Ohio.

Recommended bibliographic citation: Blakeman, A.A., 2017, Correlating Mississippian stratigraphic relationships between southern Ohio and north-central Kentucky: Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological Survey Geological Note 12, 10 p., 5 figs., 2 pls. CONTENTS

Abstract...... 1 Introduction...... 1 Project area and purpose...... 1 Previous work...... 1 Methodology...... 4 Discussion...... 5 Stratigraphic correlations...... 6 Henley Member...... 6 Farmers Member...... 7 Portsmouth Shale Member...... 7 Nancy Member...... 7 Cowbell Member...... 7 Conclusions...... 7 Acknowledgments...... 9 References cited...... 9

FIGURES

1. Map of the 2016 STATEMAP study area in south-central Ohio...... 2 2. Stratigraphic columns depicting the Scioto Valley and Vanceburg facies of Hyde (1915)...... 3 3. Borden delta model for deposition in Kentucky, Indiana, and Ohio during Early Mississippian time...... 5 4. Stratigraphic columns showing units in Portsmouth, Ohio, region correlated to the Borden Formation in Kentucky....6 5. Photographs demonstrating similarities of Borden Formation units in Ohio and Kentucky...... 8

PLATES

1. Chart of historical nomenclature of Upper Devonian and Lower Mississippian strata in southern Ohio...... 11 2. Bedrock geology map for the Portsmouth region with applied Borden Formation nomenclature...... 12

ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THIS GEOLOGICAL NOTE

Units of Measure centimeter(s) cm foot (feet) ft inch(es) in kilometer(s) km meter(s) m mile(s) mi

Lithologic and/or Stratigraphic Units* Formation Fm Group Gp Member Mbr/mbr Sandstone Ss Shale Sh

Other Digital Elevation Model DEM U.S. Geological Survey USGS

*Lowercase lithologic and stratigraphic names and abbreviations indicate informal status of a unit.

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Correlating Mississippian Stratigraphic Relationships between Southern Ohio and North-Central Kentucky by Audrey A. Blakeman

ABSTRACT Dating back to 1838, numerous geologic studies have descriptions of the units for the region. In addition, the evaluated Lower Mississippian strata in Ohio, resulting in a Lower Mississippian units on the statewide Bedrock varied and diverse nomenclature for these units throughout Geologic Map of Ohio (Slucher and others, 2006), which the state. In the Portsmouth region of southern Ohio, Lower was compiled through reconnaissance mapping, did not Mississippian strata are identified on the statewideBedrock appear to correspond with lithologic descriptions gathered Geologic Map of Ohio as Logan and Cuyahoga Formations during field observations. undivided, whose type localities are located in the Historical investigations of the Mississippian strata central and northeastern regions of the state (Slucher and in Ohio have revealed numerous and often conflicting others, 2006). In 2015, the Ohio Department of Natural stratigraphic designations of these geologic units. Often, Resources, Division of Geological Survey (Ohio Geological these names were applicable only to specific regions of Survey) began constructing a detailed lithologic bedrock the Mississippian rocks in Ohio and did not accurately map spanning the Ohio portions of four 7.5-minute represent sections in southern Ohio. However, recent quadrangles in the Portsmouth region. This study found reports and investigations in north-central Kentucky have that the Lower Mississippian units are sedimentologically named and described Mississippian geologic units that dissimilar from both the shales of the Cuyahoga Formation more accurately reflect the stratigraphy in southern Ohio and sandstones of the Logan Formation at their type (Sheppard, 1964; Erickson, 1966; Chaplin and Mason, localities. Instead, these strata correlate to members of 1978; Potter and others, 1991). the Borden Formation in adjacent north-central Kentucky. Reconciling the Portsmouth-area strata with the Borden PROJECT AREA AND PURPOSE Formation provides a logical stratigraphic framework for In 2015, the Ohio Geological Survey was awarded Lower Mississippian units in southern Ohio. Consequently, a grant through the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) for the detailed lithologic bedrock map of the Portsmouth STATEMAP program to produce 1:24,000-scale bedrock- region, the Ohio Geological Survey replaced the Cuyahoga geology maps of the Ohio portions of four 7.5-minute and Logan Formation nomenclature with Borden Formation quadrangles in the Portsmouth region of southern Ohio: members: Henley, Farmers, Portsmouth, Nancy, and Friendship, New Boston, Portsmouth, and West Portsmouth Cowbell. As bedrock mapping continues to the north (fig. 1). The city of Portsmouth, in Scioto County, is an and east along the strike of the Mississippian section, important economic center in southern Ohio located the updated nomenclature of this study will be applied at the confluence of the Scioto and Ohio Rivers in the to strata in adjacent areas. The Ohio Geological Survey Appalachian Plateaus physiographic province (Ohio anticipates encountering the “traditional” Cuyahoga and Division of Geological Survey, 1998). Logan Formations in central Ohio as the Borden Formation The objectives of this report are twofold. First, this members pinch out or as facies change. report summarizes (1) the previous studies of the Lower Mississippian nomenclature in southern Ohio and (2) how INTRODUCTION the Lower Mississippian units in the Portsmouth region are lithologically similar to Lower Mississippian units in In 2015, the Ohio Department of Natural Resources, north-central Kentucky. Second, this report introduces Division of Geological Survey (Ohio Geological Survey), the bedrock geology map of the Portsmouth project began mapping the bedrock geology of the Portsmouth area, which utilizes the Lower Mississippian stratigraphic region (Fugitt and Blakeman, 2016). The region consists nomenclature from north-central Kentucky. of Upper Devonian, Lower Mississippian, and Lower Pennsylvanian sedimentary rocks. Mapping was completed PREVIOUS WORK through a combination of field study and the utilization of Numerous studies have evaluated Upper Devonian existing geologic records, such as measured sections, core and Lower Mississippian strata in Ohio. These studies records, and water well data. date back to 1838, and several researchers have proposed Initial reconnaissance revealed that the stratigraphy varied and diverse interpretations of these units, each with of the study area was inconsistent with the commonly its own specific stratigraphic nomenclature. In addition, accepted Lower Mississippian nomenclature and lithologic the studies used numerous names and divisions for the

1 2 Audrey A. Blakeman

S c i o Pike 1«¬04 t approximately 80 to 100 ft (24 to 30 m) in o

Jackson R «¬73 i

3«¬48 v Adams e thickness and contained abundant ripple marks. OHIO r Lucasville ! «¬781 «¬348 He named this unit the Waverly Shales (plate 1; Orton, 1874). «¬781 Scioto «¬348 McDermott NEW ! ¤£23 BOSTON «¬348 3«¬35 Orton also renamed the top of the City «¬73 Ledge of Andrews (1870) and called it the Greenup 1«¬39 Lawrence WEST Lewis PORTSMOUTH Waverly Quarry System. He described a black KENTUCKY ! Rosemount shale interval above the Waverly Quarry System West Portsmouth 1«¬40 ! and called that the Waverly Black Slate. Above 1«¬25 ! the Waverly Black Slate lay what Andrews Portsmouth ¤£23 ! (1870) called the Upper Waverly Sandstones. South Shore Orton (1874) named this the Buena Vista Sandstone, based on the type locality along the 5«¬22 FRIENDSHIP PORTSMOUTH 7«¬84 Ohio River in Scioto County (plate 1). «¬8

¤£52 AA Above the Buena Vista Sandstone, Orton Buena Vista O HWY ! hio Quincy Ri ! ¤£52 recognized a heavily vegetated interval that ver Garrison «¬8 ! extended in some cases up to 300 ft (91 m) in ! «¬7 Vanceburg AA thickness. There were no exposures available to HWY Greenup 0 1.25 2.5 3.75 5 miles ! collect a complete description, so it remained

0 2 4 6 8 kilometers «¬2 ¤£23 undescribed and unnamed. Above this covered ¤£23 interval, Orton noted that the surrounding hills FIGURE 1. Map of south-central Ohio showing the 2015–2016 STATEMAP study were capped with a dark-colored sandstone. area. Includes the Friendship, New Boston, Portsmouth, and West Portsmouth He called this the Logan Sandstone after a 7.5-minute quadrangles. previously described unit at approximately Mississippian formations. Some of the historical studies that the same stratigraphic interval near the town of Logan in addressed the Upper Devonian and Lower Mississippian Hocking County (Orton, 1874). nomenclature in southern Ohio and north-central Kentucky In 1888, Orton recognized the stratigraphic (plate 1) are discussed briefly in the following paragraphs. equivalency between the Waverly Shales of his 1874 report In 1838, Briggs described alternations of sandstone and the Bedford Shale that was previously described in and shale between the black shale (Ohio Shale) and the Bedford, Ohio, by Andrews (1870). Orton acknowledged conglomerate (Sharon Sandstone) along the Scioto River that these shales shared the same bounding units and valley between Portsmouth and Chillicothe. The entire lithologic characteristics and that the name Bedford Shale section was named the Waverly Sandstone Series (plate 1) should be adopted (Orton, 1888). Orton also professed that after quarries near the village of Waverly in Pike County. the sandstone above the Bedford, which he referred to as Briggs (1838) described the sandstones of this succession the Waverly Quarry System in Pike County (Orton, 1874), as very fine grained, occurring in beds of up to 6 ft (2 m) was correlative with the Berea Grit of northern Ohio and thick and ranging in color from blue to white or yellow. thus adopted this name (Orton, 1888). These sandstones provided a valuable building stone Orton (1888) also revised the name for the black resource for Ohio (Briggs, 1838). shale he previously referred to as the Waverly Black Slate Andrews (1870) proposed names for the two in 1874. Studies in northern Ohio (Meek, 1875) referred economically important units within the Waverly to this unit as the Berea Shale and demonstrated that Sandstone Series found along the Ohio River in Adams this bituminous black shale was present above the Berea and Scioto Counties. At the base of the Waverly Series, Grit. The Berea Shale clearly was present statewide, and just above the Ohio Shale, is an approximately 4-ft (1-m) because of this stratigraphic relationship, Orton (1888) thick sandstone unit that was heavily quarried for use as a decided to retain the association by adopting the name Cincinnati building stone. Andrews referred to this unit as Berea Shale. the City Ledge (plate 1). Above the City Ledge was a 47-ft Above the Berea Shale, Orton (1888) noted the (14-m) thick shale interval overlain by another series of presence of the Buena Vista Sandstone in southern sandstones which Andrews (1870) referred to as the Upper Ohio and kept this designation from his 1874 study. The Waverly Sandstones. The Upper Waverly Sandstones also remaining interval between the Buena Vista Sandstone were quarried for building stone. and the Logan Formation is an argillaceous shale In 1874, Orton described the geology of Pike with occasional flaggy sandstone interbeds. Instead of County and elaborated on Andrews’ (1870) study by differentiating the various lithologies, Orton referred further subdividing the Waverly Series. At the base of to the entire interval as the Cuyahoga Shale; Andrews the series, Orton noted a blue shale unit that differed (1870) previously applied this name to the shale interval from the underlying Ohio Shale. This shale ranged from below the Logan Formation in northern Ohio. The Logan Correlating Mississippian Stratigraphic Relationships between Southern Ohio and North-Central Kentucky 3

Sandstone, referred to by Orton (1888) SYSTEM UNIT WEST EAST UNIT as the Logan Group, once again was noted as the uppermost unit of the Lower Scioto River Valley Mississippian section. By 1905, the stratigraphic nomenclature in Ohio was divided into many local or regional names. The Ohio Geological Survey released Revised Nomenclature of the Mbr Churn Creek Ohio Geological Formations in an effort to standardize and formalize the stratigraphic nomenclature for the state (Prosser, 1905). The Lower Mississippian strata were divided, in ascending order, into the Bedford Shale, Berea Grit, Sunbury Shale, Cuyahoga Formation, and Logan Formation (Prosser,

1905). In southern Ohio, the Buena Vista Mbr Portsmouth Sandstone was retained as an official member the Cuyahoga Formation (plate 1). The primary difference between the revised standard of Prosser (1905) and the Vanceburg Mbr Vanceburg

previous work by Orton (1888) was that Mississippian Prosser adopted the name Sunbury Shale in place of the name Berea Shale for the bituminous black shale above the Berea Sandstone. This shale originally was described near the town of Sunbury in Delaware County (Hicks, 1878). Prosser (1905) argued that Sunbury was a more suitable name for the unit since Berea already had been used to identify Buena the Berea Sandstone. Vista Buena Vista Mbr Mbr

Since the release of Revised Rarden Mbr Nomenclature of the Ohio Geological Formations (Prosser, 1905), geologic units have been either composited for mapping purposes or divided into various members in Henley Mbr more detailed local studies. Henley Mbr Hyde (1915) proposed several divisions for the Upper Devonian and Lower Vanceburg Sandstone facies Scioto Valley facies Mississippian section in southern Ohio. FIGURE 2. Stratigraphic columns based on the descriptions of the Scioto Valley First, he recognized that the Bedford Shale and Vanceburg facies of the Cuyahoga Formation (Hyde, 1915), depicting the lateral was classified as Devonian and argued changes Hyde recorded between the two facies. The red lines indicate the correlations that, because of the interbedded nature of he made between the Portsmouth Shale Member of the Scioto Valley facies and the the Bedford Shale and Berea Sandstone in upper three members of the Vanceburg facies. southern Ohio, the Berea Sandstone must also be Devonian in age. The remainder of Ohio into two facies, the Vanceburg Sandstone and Scioto the Waverly Series is Mississippian in age. The Bedford Valley facies, and further subdivided these into members Shale, Berea Sandstone, and Sunbury Shale are present and (fig. 2). The Scioto Valley facies of the Cuyahoga Formation easily identifiable wherever this lower section is exposed in included, in ascending order, the Henley Member, the Ohio. Buena Vista Member, and the Portsmouth Member. The However, in southern Ohio the Cuyahoga Formation Vanceburg Sandstone facies was divided into the Henley is distinctly lithologically different from northern Ohio. In Member, the Rarden Member, the Vanceburg Member, and northern Ohio, the Cuyahoga Formation is composed of a the Churn Creek Member. series of shales, whereas in southern Ohio it is composed The Scioto Valley facies and the Vanceburg Sandstone of alternating shales and sandstones (Hyde, 1915). facies both contain a red or gray shale above the Sunbury Hyde (1915) recognized this distinction and Shale, known as the Henley Member. In the Scioto Valley subsequently divided the Cuyahoga Formation in southern facies, the Buena Vista Member overlies the Henley 4 Audrey A. Blakeman

Member. The prominent Portsmouth Member occupies The Geological Society of Kentucky and the Ohio the remainder of the Cuyahoga Formation interval. The Geological Society conducted a joint field conference in Portsmouth Member is a 250-ft (62-m) thick section of gray southern Ohio and north-central Kentucky in 1968. The shale that contains some thin sandstone interbeds. conference field trip visited Devonian- and Mississippian- The Rarden Member occurs above the Henley Member aged units in both states. In contrast to Hyde (1915), in the Vanceburg Sandstone facies. The Rarden Member which identified the Bedford Shale and Berea Sandstone is a red-gray shale that is similar to the underlying Henley as Devonian age, the field guide for the conference Member, which is separated from it by a thin sandstone referred to these units as Mississippian or Devonian in bed. Above the Rarden Member lies the Vanceburg age. The conference provided correlations between the Member, which is composed of a thicker section of shale- Cuyahoga and Logan Formations in southern Ohio and the interbedded sandstones, similar to the Buena Vista Member Borden Formation of Kentucky (Ohio Geological Society of the Scioto Valley facies. The Churn Creek Member is and Geological Society of Kentucky, 1968). The lower the uppermost member in the Vanceburg Sandstone facies Cuyahoga of Ohio correlated to the Sandstone Member and is composed of gray clay shale similar to that of the of the lower Borden Formation. The upper Cuyahoga Portsmouth Member of the Scioto Valley facies. correlated to the Shale Member of the Borden Formation, Hyde (1915) divided the Logan Formation into three and the Logan Formation of Ohio correlated to the Siltstone members in southern Ohio, in ascending order: the Byer Member of the Borden Formation (Ohio Geological Society Member, Allensville Member, and the Vinton Member. The and Geological Society of Kentucky, 1968). Byer Member is a fine-grained sandstone that comprises In 1990, the Generalized Column of Bedrock Units in the lowermost member of the Logan Formation in central Ohio divided the Waverly Series units, in ascending order, Ohio. The Byer Member thickens and becomes finer- into the Bedford Shale, Berea Sandstone, Sunbury Shale, grained to the south at the Scioto River Valley in southern Cuyahoga Formation (including the Buena Vista Member), Ohio, and it is indistinguishable from the Portsmouth and the Logan Formation (Ohio Division of Geological Survey, 1990). This work designated the Bedford Shale and Member of the Cuyahoga Formation. The Allensville Berea Sandstone as Upper Devonian in age. Member is the most recognizable member of the Logan Potter and others (1991) later correlated the Upper Formation, being composed of coarse sandstone or Devonian and Lower Mississippian units of southern conglomerate above the Byer Member. Finally, the Vinton Ohio to the modern members of the Borden Formation Member is composed of hard sandstones (Hyde, 1915). in Kentucky (plate 1). Ohio and Kentucky both recognize The statewide Geologic Map of Ohio was published in 1920 the Bedford Shale, Berea Sandstone, and Sunbury (Bownocker, 1920). This map condensed the Waverly Series Shale as the basal units of what once was known as the for all of Ohio. The Upper Devonian and Lower Mississippian Waverly Sandstone Series (Potter and others, 1991). Other sections were jointly labeled “Waverly and Maxville.” correlations were made which adopted previous Kentucky In 1953, the Ohio Geological Survey released a nomenclature. posthumous collection of Hyde’s work, titled Mississippian The Bedrock Geologic Map of Ohio (Slucher and Formations of Central and Southern Ohio. In this volume, others, 2006) was mapped at a reconnaissance level by his earlier divisions of the Upper Devonian and Lower using data such as measured sections, core, and water Mississippian section in southern Ohio, the Scioto well records. The low resolution of this map did not Valley and Vanceburg facies, were retained. However, allow for the differentiation of units at a member level. he recognized that the Allensville Member of the Logan Consequently, the map presents the units in southern Formation was absent in the Portsmouth area and Ohio as the Sunbury Shale, Berea Sandstone, Bedford concluded that the Logan Formation could not be divided Shale undivided and the Logan and Cuyahoga Formations into individual members in southern Ohio. undivided (plate 1). A partnership between the USGS and the Kentucky Geological Survey produced a geologic map for the METHODOLOGY Portsmouth and parts of the New Boston and Wheelersburg During the 2015–2016 field season, Ohio Geological 7.5-minute quadrangles in the vicinity of Portsmouth, Ohio Survey geologists located outcrop exposures in the (Sheppard, 1964). This map includes strata on both sides of Portsmouth project area using topographic maps, digital the Ohio River, and instead of using Cuyahoga and Logan elevation models (DEMs), slope coverages, and field Formation nomenclature, the units are separated into reconnaissance. A total of 74 new outcrops were members of the Borden Formation of Kentucky. The Upper measured, described, sampled, and photographed. Member of the Borden Formation on Sheppard’s map is Outcrops were located in the field using GPS technology composed of siltstones and shales that are correlative to the and were digitally linked to written descriptions and Logan Formation of southern Ohio, and the Lower Member photographs in ESRI ArcGIS®. is composed of shales and siltstones that correlate to Ohio’s In order to develop an understanding of stratigraphic Cuyahoga Formation (Sheppard, 1964). divisions in the Portsmouth region, Ohio Geological Survey Correlating Mississippian Stratigraphic Relationships between Southern Ohio and North-Central Kentucky 5 geologists visited roadcuts along the AA Highway between 1912; Stockdale, 1939; Fagadau, 1952; Sheppard, 1964; Vanceburg and Greenup, Kentucky, and observed the lithologies Erickson, 1966; Ohio Geological Society and Geological of known Borden Formation units. These observations were Society of Kentucky, 1968; Potter and others, 1991; subsequently compared with lithologic descriptions gathered Martino and others, 1992). from the Portsmouth region mapping area. The Borden Formation of Kentucky includes five In addition to intensive field study, 1,028 water well members, in ascending order: Henley Bed, Farmers records, 39 archival measured sections, 16 oil-and-gas well Member, Nancy Member, Cowbell Member, and Nada logs, and 19 cores from the study area were examined. Member. In the project area, incision at the unconformity Slope coverages were integral in identifying land features, between Mississippian and Pennsylvanian strata resulted erosional patterns, and abandoned mine pits of particular in an absence of the Nada Member. These members have stratigraphic units that were covered or inaccessible. been interpreted as the depositional products of a delta prograding from the east-northeast into Ohio, Kentucky, DISCUSSION and West Virginia during Late Devonian through Middle For this study, field investigations and a literature Mississippian time (fig. 3; Moore and Clarke, 1970; review revealed that Mississippian-age strata in the Ettensohn and others, 2004; Ettensohn and others, 2009; Portsmouth region differ lithologically and stratigraphically Ettensohn and others, 2012). from the units in the central and northern portions During Late Devonian through Middle Mississippian of Ohio, though they are classified under the same time, the Neoacadian orogeny occurred to the east of the nomenclature. The current Upper Devonian and Lower study area, and its sediments were transported into the Mississippian nomenclature in southern Ohio is based on Appalachian Basin to form a large delta complex known the Generalized Column of Bedrock Units in Ohio and as the Price, Pocono, Grainger, or Borden (Ettensohn and includes the Bedford Shale, Berea Sandstone, Sunbury others, 2004; Ettensohn and others, 2009). The Borden Shale, Cuyahoga Formation, and the Logan Formation delta complex prograded into the Appalachian Basin and (Ohio Division of Geological Survey, 1990). However, deposited the Borden Formation (fig. 3), which represents geologists have long recognized the correlation between the subaqueous distal regions along the toe and delta Upper Devonian and Lower Mississippian rocks of the front (Ettensohn and others, 2009). Ascending through the Portsmouth region and similarly aged rocks in north-central Borden Formation, each member represents shallower Kentucky (Morse and Foerste, 1909; Morse and Foerste, facies on the delta complex (fig. 3).

Delta Deposition Features D D’ Delta plain Delta lobe Average paleoshoreline Water intertidal Paleocurrent directions D’ Nada Member A delta platform D

Cowbell Member delta front

Nancy Member prodelta

basin oor

Farmers and Henley Members B

FIGURE 3. Delta model for deposition of the Borden Formation in Kentucky, Indiana, and Ohio during Early Mississippian time. (A) As Borden delta lobes prograded across the tristate area, away from the average paleoshoreline, the progressively younger and shallower members of the Borden Formation were deposited. (B) Each member of the Borden Formation represents a different position on the delta front. Modified from Kepferle (1977) and Ettensohn and others (2009). 6 Audrey A. Blakeman

Field observations of the Borden Formation along the resolution is not high enough to separate beds that average AA Highway between Vanceburg and Greenup, Kentucky, approximately 20 ft (6 m) in thickness. confirmed the similarities to the strata mapped by Slucher Henley Member and others (2006) as Logan and Cuyahoga Formations undivided in the Portsmouth project area. As a result of The Henley Bed of the Borden Formation of Kentucky these similarities, and others noted during examination (Ettensohn and others, 2004) is a recognized unit in of outcrops, cores, and DEM data, the Ohio Geological both Ohio and Kentucky. In Kentucky, the Henley Bed Survey has adopted the stratigraphic nomenclature and is the lowermost member of the Borden Formation applied member names of the Borden Formation to the and is composed of homogenous mudstone with a Lower Mississippian strata in the Portsmouth project area Thickness (fig. 4, plate 2) after Potter (ft) KENTUCKY and others (1991). The units 900 on Bedrock Geology of the Portsmouth, Ohio Region (Portsmouth, Friendship, West OHIO Portsmouth, & New Boston 800 7.5-Minute Quadrangles) include, in ascending order: the Berea-Bedford Mbr Cowbell undivided; Sunbury Shale 700 and Henley Member of the Borden Formation undivided; and Borden Formation members, including the 600 Farmers, Portsmouth, Nancy, and Cowbell. The Lower Formation Logan Pennsylvanian strata depicted on the bedrock map are rocks 500 of the Breathitt Group (plate 2; Fugitt and Blakeman, 2016). Nancy Mbr

Stratigraphic Correlations 400

The bedrock map for the Formation Borden Portsmouth region (plate 2) includes the Bedford Shale and Berea Sandstone as 300 basal units. These rocks are Devonian in age and are not divided for mapping purposes

because of the heavily 200 Mbr Portsmouth interbedded and highly

gradational nature of the units. Formation Cuyahoga Overlying the Berea Sandstone is the Lower 100 Mbr Farmers

Mississippian Sunbury Shale. Buena While easily distinguishable Mbr Vista in outcrop, the Sunbury Mbr Henley Bed Shale is not divided from the 0 Henley overlying Henley Member Sole marks Scour-and- ll structures Parallel Laminae Fossil Lag of the Borden Formation for Trough Cross-strati cation Trace Fossils the purposes of mapping. The Ripple marks Siderite Nodules decision to combine these FIGURE 4. Stratigraphic columns correlating the units in the Portsmouth, Ohio, region units on the geologic map with the Borden Formation in Kentucky (after Potter and others, 1991). Ohio unit names (plate 2) resulted from the map are based on Hyde (1953) in order to demonstrate the correlations between strata in scale; at 1:24,000 scale, the southern Ohio and north-central Kentucky. Correlating Mississippian Stratigraphic Relationships between Southern Ohio and North-Central Kentucky 7 few interbedded, thin siltstones ranging in color from The Nancy Member of Ohio correlates with the gray green at its southernmost extent to red in southern upper portion of the Nancy Member of Kentucky. Field Ohio (Chaplin, 1980; Matchen and Kammer, 1994; observations indicate that the upper portion fits the Robinson and Mason, 2004). The Henley Bed ranges in description of the Nancy Member in Kentucky and is thickness from 10 to 90 ft (3 to 27 m; Potter and others, composed of siltstone-interbedded shales (fig. 5D). Siderite 1991; Matchen and Kammer, 1994). Very few fossils are and phosphatic nodules are abundant in the silty shales of preserved in the Henley Bed, but it contains an abundant the Nancy Member. and diverse microfossil fauna (Chaplin, 1980). Cowbell Member In Ohio, the Henley Bed is recognized as the Henley The Cowbell Member of the Borden Formation in Member of the Borden Formation. The Henley Member is Kentucky conformably overlies the Nancy Member above composed of red or green silty shales that average 20 ft (6 a gradational contact and it ranges in thickness from m) in thickness. Siltstone beds are uncommon but occur in approximately 300 to 380 ft (91 to 116 m). The Cowbell the Henley Member at some localities. No macrofossils have Member is composed of alternating massive siltstones and been observed in the Henley Member. shales, with the highest abundance of shales in its middle Farmers Member interval and more massive siltstones at its base and top In Kentucky, the Farmers Member of the Borden (fig. 5E). The Cowbell Member contains abundant siderite Formation overlies the Henley Bed and is composed of lenses, especially in its basal interval (Chaplin, 1980). alternating, tabular-bedded siltstones and shales (fig. 5A). The massive siltstone unit at its base is heavily pitted and The siltstones in the Farmers Member typically are parallel bioturbated and contains scoured intervals and laminations laminated, and the individual beds are uniform in thickness (Chaplin, 1980). across their areal distributions. Individual siltstone beds The Logan Formation in the Portsmouth region shares reach a maximum thickness of 3 ft (1 m) in Scioto County, sedimentological characteristics with the Cowbell Member Ohio, and contain an abundance of trace fossils on their of the Borden Formation in Kentucky. Therefore, the map of upper surfaces, especially Zoophycos, and sole marks on the study area adopted the Cowbell Member of the Borden their bases (Chaplin and Mason, 1978; Chaplin, 1980; Robinson and Mason, 2004). The siltstones contain internal Formation (plate 2; Fugitt and Blakeman, 2016). This unit sedimentary structures, such as parallel, current ripple, and is composed primarily of white to dark gray siltstones convolute laminae. with uncommon shale intervals and includes parallel The Farmers Member in Ohio is the lateral equivalent laminations, small- and large-scale scours, occasional fossil of the Farmers Member in Kentucky. The Farmers Member lag beds, and exhibits a characteristic spalling weathering in the Portsmouth region is a white to yellowish-brown pattern on outcrops (fig. 5F). shale-interbedded siltstone (fig. 5B). The siltstone beds vary in thickness up to 18 in (45 cm) and exhibit abundant CONCLUSIONS sole marks. These beds contain parallel laminations, ripple The bedrock units of southern Ohio that were marks, and abundant trace fossils on their upper surfaces. originally defined as the Waverly Series by Briggs (1838) Zoophycos trace fossils are abundant. have undergone a continual evolution of nomenclature up Portsmouth Shale Member to the present day. Early mappers were unmatched in their The Portsmouth Shale Member of the Borden Formation powers of observation and attention to detail. Their work in Ohio is correlative with the lower portion of the Nancy formed the basis for later researchers who build on their Member of Kentucky. The Portsmouth Shale Member is work and benefit from having vast volumes of geologic primarily a gray clay shale with very few siltstone interbeds and geographic data that can be managed by Geographic and a much higher clay composition than is found in the Information Systems. The availability of this data, and Nancy Member of Kentucky. At Portsmouth, the Portsmouth a better understanding of facies analyses, warrants Shale Member reaches approximately 250 ft (76 m) in clarification of their early work. thickness and has a significant impact on the topography of Early researchers tended to think of geologic units the region, appearing as steep slopes and rutted terrain on as flat lying, homogenous, and regionally continuous. DEMs and slope maps. Modern stratigraphers understand that this is only the case Nancy Member in certain circumstances, such as large sedimentary basins. In Kentucky, the Nancy Member of the Borden Many depositional systems, such as deltas, are capable Formation gradationally overlies the Farmers Member and of depositing massive amounts of sediments in short is composed of heavily bioturbated, blue-green shales that periods of time and then shifting across wide distances. weather to buff-colored clays (fig. 5C). The Nancy Member Under such circumstances, the nature of sediments can also contains thin siltstone interbeds (Chaplin and Mason, change markedly within a relatively short lateral distance 1978). The shale in the lower portion of the Nancy Member while being a part of the same overall basin. Geologists contains abundant fossiliferous siderite nodules and lenses now understand these processes better through studies of (Chaplin, 1980; Ettensohn and others, 2009). modern deltaic and fluvial analogs and their comparison to 8 Audrey A. Blakeman

FIGURE 5. Photos demonstrating similarities observed between Lower Mississippian Borden Formation units in the Portsmouth region of Ohio and the Vanceburg region of Kentucky. (A) Farmers Member in Kentucky, while significantly thicker than in the Portsmouth region, is also composed of buff to white-colored shale-interbedded siltstone. (B) Farmers Member in Ohio, composed of buff to white shale-interbedded siltstone. (C) Nancy Member outcrop in Kentucky showing a silty shale with siltstone interbeds. (D) Outcrop of the Nancy Member in Ohio, composed primarily of silty shales interbedded with thin siltstones. (E) Roadcut exposure of the Cowbell Member in Kentucky depicting a laminated siltstone unit containing large-scale scour features. (F) Exposure of the Cowbell Member in southern Ohio; this exposure is composed primarily of laminated siltstone with large scour features. Correlating Mississippian Stratigraphic Relationships between Southern Ohio and North-Central Kentucky 9 rocks in the geologic record using outcrops, quarries, core, ACKNOWLEDGMENTS electric logs, and other sources of analysis. Mapping of the Friendship, New Boston, Portsmouth, Such is the case with rocks of the lower Mississippian- and West Portsmouth 7.5-minute quadrangles was made age units in southern Ohio, as discussed in this paper. possible through a STATEMAP grant provided by the Unlike the units of the Devonian, where general agreement U.S. Geological Survey. Thanks are extended to Dr. Ron of the stratigraphic nomenclature took place relatively Martino and Dr. Paul Potter for their invaluable assistance early on (for example, Prosser, 1905), the Mississippian in observing the Borden Formation in northern Kentucky, nomenclature have been in a constant state of flux. This is as well as for their assistance during the review process. likely because the depositional systems during Mississippian Special thanks also to Frank Fugitt of the Ohio Geological time were vastly different from those during the Devonian Survey for his guidance, mentorship, and enthusiasm in Period. However, early workers did not consider this and both the office and the field. tried to fit the Mississippian units into a single, flat-lying, continuous system and applied a nomenclature statewide. REFERENCES CITED Today, we see that many of these units are, in fact, separate Andrews, E.B., 1870, Report of progress in the second district, units deposited within approximately the same time but pt. 2 of Report of the Geological Survey of Ohio, 1869: as part of separate depositional systems. The matter was Columbus, [State of Ohio Legislature], p. 55–142. further complicated by the fact that researchers working in Briggs, Caleb, Jr., 1838, Report, in Mather, W.W., First annual different parts of the state tried to apply the nomenclature report of the Geological Survey of the State of Ohio: too far afield from their type localities. One of the problems Columbus, [State of Ohio Legislature], p. 71–98. specifically encountered in this research is the frequent Bownocker, J.A., 1920, Geologic map of Ohio (revised): usage of the names Logan and Cuyahoga, which were Columbus, Geological Survey of Ohio, Fourth Series, scale originally described in central and northern Ohio and then 1:500,000. [Revision of glacial boundary by G. W. White, frequently (and incorrectly) applied to similar-aged units in 1947.] southern Ohio. Clarity finally began to appear as Ohio geologists Chaplin, J.R., 1980, Stratigraphy, trace fossil associations, began working with geologists from Kentucky and realized and depositional environments in the Borden Formation (Mississippian), northeastern Kentucky (guidebook and that geologic units can, not surprisingly, be continuous roadlog for Geological Society of Kentucky 1980 field across rivers and state lines. The stratigraphic columns of conference): Kentucky Geological Survey, ser. 11, 114 p. Sheppard (1964), OGS/GSK (1968), and Potter and others (1991) illustrate the results of the exchange of information Chaplin, J.R., and Mason, C.E., 1978, Geologic map of the between geologists of the two states (plate 1). Garrison quadrangle, Kentucky-Ohio, and part of the Pond The detailed bedrock mapping of the four Run quadrangle, Lewis County, Kentucky: U.S. Geological quadrangles in Scioto County (plate 2; Fugitt and Survey Geological Quadrangle Map GQ-598, scale Blakeman, 2016) confirms what past researchers have 1:24,000. proposed; the lower Mississippian strata is continuous Erickson, R.L., 1966, Geologic map of part of the Friendship between northern Kentucky and southern Ohio. quadrangle, Lewis and Greenup Counties, Kentucky: U.S. Therefore, it is proposed that Ohio adopt some of the Geological Survey Geological Quadrangle Map GQ-526, nomenclature from Kentucky and apply these names to scale 1:24,000. similar mapped units in Ohio. Specifically, it is proposed Ettensohn, Frank, Johnson, Walter, Stewart, Alex, Solis, Mike, that usage of the Cuyahoga and Logan Formations in the and White, Tina, 2004, Stratigraphy and depositional Portsmouth region be eliminated and replaced with the environments of the middle and upper Mississippian Slade Borden Formation and its members: Henley, Farmers, and Paragon formations, Bighill exposure, east-central Portsmouth, Nancy, and Cowbell (plate 1). Kentucky, in Smath, R.A., ed., The Bighill exposure and a The bedrock mapping program proposed in 2017, and little beyond, 2004 Joint Field Trip: Lexington, Kentucky approved by the Bedrock Mapping Advisory Council in July Society of Professional Geologists and Kentucky Sections, 2017, intends to continue the bedrock mapping northward American Institute of Professional Geologists, p. 18–43. into areas more traditionally mapped as Cuyahoga Ettensohn, F.R., Lierman, R.T., and Mason, C.E., 2009, Upper and Logan Formations. Additional mapping likely will Devonian–Lower Mississippian clastic rocks in northeastern shed light on the relationship between the “southern” Kentucky—Evidence for Acadian alpine glaciation and Mississippian stratigraphy and the more traditional models for source-rock and reservoir-rock development in “northern” stratigraphy of the Logan and Cuyahoga the eastern United States, Spring Field Trip, April 18, 2009, Formations. Whether the change will be gradational or [Guidebook]: American Institute of Professional Geologists – abrupt remains to be confirmed. Kentucky Section, 59 p. 10 Audrey A. Blakeman

Ettensohn, F.R., Lierman, R.T., Udgata, D.B.P., and Mason, Morse, W.C., and Foerste, A.F., 1912, Preliminary report on C.E., 2012, The Early–Middle Mississippian Borden– the Waverlian Formations of east central Kentucky and their Grainger–Fort Payne delta/basin complex—Field evidence economic values: Kentucky Geological Survey Bulletin 16, for delta sedimentation, basin starvation, mud-mound 76 p. genesis, and tectonism during the Neoacadian Orogeny, Ohio Division of Geological Survey, 1990 (rev. 2000, 2004), in Eppes, M.C., and Bartholomew, M.J., eds., From the Generalized column of bedrock units in Ohio: Ohio Blue Ridge to the Coastal Plain—Field excursions in the Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological Southeastern United States: Geological Society of America Survey, 1 sheet. Field Guide 29, p. 345–395. Ohio Division of Geological Survey, 1998, Physiographic Fagadau, S.P., 1952, Paleontology and stratigraphy of the regions of Ohio: Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Logan Formation of central and southern Ohio: Columbus, Division of Geological Survey, page-size map with text, 2 The Ohio State University, Ph.D. dissertation, 432 p. p., scale: 1:2,100,000. Fugitt, F.L., and Blakeman, A.A., 2016, Bedrock geology Ohio Geological Society and Geological Society of Kentucky of the Portsmouth, Ohio region (Portsmouth, Friendship, (OGS/GSK), 1968, Geological aspects of the Maysville- West Portsmouth, & New Boston 7.5-minute quadrangles): Portsmouth region, southern Ohio and northeastern Columbus, Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division Kentucky: Joint Field Conference, May 17–18, 1968, 86 p. of Geological Survey Map BG-2-POR, scale 1:24,000. Orton, Edward, 1874 Geology of Pike County, chap. 57 of Hicks, L.E., 1878, The Waverly group in central Ohio: Report of the Geological Survey of Ohio, v. 2, pt. 1— American Journal of Science, ser. 3, v. 16, no. 93, p. Geology and Palaeontology: Columbus, [State of Ohio 216–224. Legislature], p. 611–641. Hyde, J.E., 1915, Stratigraphy of the Waverly Formations of Orton, Edward, 1888, Berea Grit as a source of oil and gas central and southern Ohio (Continued)—Part II Cuyahoga in Ohio, chap. 4 of Report of the Geological Survey of Formation: The Journal of Geology, v. 23, no. 8, p. 757–779. Ohio, v. 6—Economic geology: Columbus, [State of Ohio Hyde, J.E., 1953, Mississippian formations of central and Legislature], p. 311–409. southern Ohio: Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Potter, P.E., Ausich, W.I., Klee, J., Krissek, L.A., Mason, C.E., Division of Geological Survey Bulletin 51, 355 p. Shumacher, G.A., Wilson, T.R., and Wright, E.M., 1991, Kepferle, R.C., 1977, Stratigraphy, petrology, and depositional Geology of the Alexandria-Ashland Highway (Kentucky environment of the Kenwood Siltstone Member, Borden Highway 546), Maysville to Garrison: Lexington, Kentucky Formation (Mississippian), Kentucky and Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Joint Field Conference, Geological Geological Survey Professional Paper 1007, 49 p. Society of Kentucky and Ohio Geological Society, 64 p. Martino, R.L., Rice, C.L., and Slucher, E.R., 1992, Stop 2— Prosser, C.S., 1905, Revised nomenclature of the Ohio Basal Pennsylvanian strata near Jackson, Ohio, in Rice, geological formations: Columbus, Ohio Geological Survey, C.L., Martino, R.L., and Slucher, E.R., Regional aspects Fourth Series, Bulletin 7, 36 p. of Pottsville and Allegheny stratigraphy and depositional Robinson, E.D., and Mason, C.E., 2004, A geologic map of environments: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report the Pond Run 7.5 minute quadrangle, Scioto County, Ohio, 92-558, p. 6–12. constructed from two EDMAP grants [abs.]: Geological Matchen, D.L., and Kammer, T.W., 1994, Sequence Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 36, no. 2, p. stratigraphy of the Lower Mississippian Price and Borden 58. Formations in Southern West Virginia and Eastern Kentucky: Sheppard, R.A., 1964, Geology of the Portsmouth quadrangle, Southeastern Geology, v. 34, no. 1, p. 25–41. Kentucky-Ohio, and parts of the Wheelersburg and New Meek, F.B., 1875, Descriptions of invertebrate fossils from the Boston quadrangles: U.S. Geological Survey Geological Carboniferous system, in Report of the Geological Survey of Quadrangle Map GQ-312, scale 1:24,000. Ohio, v. 2, pt. 2—Paleontology: Columbus, [State of Ohio Slucher, E.R., Swinford, E.M., Larsen, G.E., Schumacher, G.A., Legislature], p. 269 – 347. Shrake, D.L., Rice, C.L., Caudill, M.R., and Rea, R.G., Moore, B.R., and Clarke, M.K., 1970, The significance of a 2006, Bedrock geologic map of Ohio: Ohio Department turbidite sequence in the Borden Formation (Mississippian) of Natural Resources, Division of Geological Survey Map of eastern Kentucky and southern Ohio, in Lajoie, J., BG–1, Version 6.0, scale 1:500,000. ed., Flysch sedimentology of North America: Geological Stockdale, P.B., 1939, Lower Mississippian rocks of the east- Association of Canada Special Paper No. 7, p. 211–218. central interior: Geological Society of America Special Paper Morse, W.C., and Foerste, A.F., 1909, The Waverly Formations 22, 248 p. of east-central Kentucky: The Journal of Geology, v. 17, no. 2, p. 164–177. PLATE 1. 11 Historic nomenclature of Upper Devonian and Lower Mississippian strata in southern Ohio. Nomenclature that resulted fron the exchange of geologic information between Ohio and Kentucky geologistis are shown with fray column headings.

Ohio Geological Society Ohio Division Briggs, Andrews, Bownocker, Sheppard, Potter and Slucher and Fugitt and System Orton, 1874 Orton, 1888 Prosser, 1905 Hyde, 1915 Hyde, 1953 and Geological Society of Geological 1838 1870 1920 1964 others, 1991 others, 2006 Blakeman, 2016 of Kentucky, 1968 Survey, 1990

Vinton Mbr Logan Ss Logan Gp Upper Logan Fm Allensville Mbr Logan Fm siltstone mbr Logan Fm Cowbell Mbr Cowbell Mbr Borden Fm Logan Fm Byer Mbr

Churn Creek Churn Creek - - Nancy Mbr Mbr Mbr Logan and - - Cuyahoga Sh Cuyahoga Fms Portsmouth Portsmouth undivided - - shale mbr - - Nancy Mbr Borden Fm Borden Fm Mbr Mbr Borden Fm Vanceburg Vanceburg Portsmouth Mbr Mbr Sh Mbr Lower

Lower Mississippian Borden Fm Waverly Sandstone Series Waverly Sandstone Series Cuyahoga Fm Cuyahoga Fm Cuyahoga Fm Cuyahoga Fm Waverly and Maxville SCIOTO VALLEY FACIES Buena Vista SCIOTO VALLEY FACIES Buena Vista Buena Vista Buena Vista Upper Rarden Mbr Rarden Mbr Farmers Mbr Farmers Mbr Buena Vista Buena Vista Mbr Mbr Mbr Mbr VANCEBURG SANDSTONE FACIES VANCEBURG SANDSTONE FACIES Waverly (shales, standstones,and limestones) Ss Ss sandstone mbr Ss - - Henley Mbr Henley Mbr Henley Mbr Henley Mbr - - Henley Bed Henley Mbr Waverly - - Berea Sh Sunbury Sh Sunbury Sh Sunbury Sh - - Sunbury Sh Sunbury Sh Sunbury Sh Sunbury Sh Black Slate Waverly Sunbury Sh, Quarry Berea Grit Berea Grit Berea Ss - - Berea Ss Berea Ss Berea Ss Berea Ss, and Berea Ss City Ledge System Bedford Sh Berea-Bedford, undivided Ss undivided Upper

Devonian Waverly Sh Bedford Sh Bedford Sh Bedford Sh - - Bedford Sh Bedford Sh Bedford Sh Bedford Sh

Abbreviations Key Not to scale. Shows relative stratigraphic positions of units, not thicknesses. Published posthumously. Work completed prior to 1936. Fm Formation - - Absent or not described. Gp Group Mbr Member Ss Sandstone Sh Shale PLATE 2. Bedrock geologic map and cross section of the Portsmouth, Ohio region (modi ed from Fugitt and Blakeman, 2016). 12

BEDROCK GEOLOGY OF THE PORTSMOUTH, OHIO REGION (PORTSMOUTH, FRIENDSHIP, WEST PORTSMOUTH, & NEW BOSTON 7.5-MINUTE QUADRANGLES)

83°7'30"W 83°W 38°52'30"N 82° 52' 30"W Mp 348 MOULTON PL 38°52'30"N ST Mp Mf D R OO B MAYW A R

N RIDGE LN Pb S

N O

k L E

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r N

E D M N A VAL L L C k EY LN Pb

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D A llo D T E C Pb

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Mp L I

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w R U R L N E D M D I

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Mp n l R Mp

h H R l U R

C c A u N

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D W u R D F Mp D D HOLLOW R R Mc L Pb U n E RD O W A C RO COOK W K C M E R R U Mp Msh IS N O un

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O R LUCASVILLE MINFORD R L D L Mn D L L R O Mp E Mn

W R Pb D Pb E

L D R Mn V U I A Du T ck Msh L D L

E W R u IN O Pb C n T n E Mn Z u M R H y E Mc 23 O d T

n D Dbb L Pb E O Mc a

L R R C W O

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C C

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Mc N M Msh E BURNS HOLLOW RD D O D 139 Mf S R SM

L R ITH I Mp P Dbb A ERRY X RD Mc Mn N W L O CL C AR Pb Pb K ST RICE Pb Mf FRK TA Dbb D LEFT Mc D TM ROA R A Mp Mn NS N N P UR IO A OL D B R R LO D R R A I C R Y O TATM K R ND N AN COE RD D Y CA R E W 104 L LO D I OL W H Mf ON Mc Mf ST K RD OU F REE H U D C r R ON e N T P Pb RD A OT v J E C M EA N E ER i N ZEO Pb CD D Pb C M R Mf A Mn R Msh L E Mp E E

R K Scioto D R D Mp Brush RD C N reek Msh O 23 S n P u M I o R S BU t TLER s JOHN ST HOLL t Mp OW RD h o D T g i R a i N RD r W t N KER ST HTO c Mc BAR US t G U T R W MOT S l R R ER e E MCD E S ST C N T HIGH B H Pb r R G e I I A T Mn e Dbb TH S R R SOU RI k DDL Pb W R EB D A Mn RG HOUSTON HOLLO ER W LONG RD Mc U R UN RD Mc D A Mc Mn S L 139 R V A 2 E T L 3 A Y G O E N L S Mc P R P D A D R Mc B D BY L Msh RU A C R L K Msh A E Mc Y Y Mn Mc D Mn H R E O L L L LO 104 A W V Mc RD

Sturg L eon R I un T CHUR Mf T k L ee Mc E Pb Cr Mp E C ce G a H rn Mn Mc Y u Mc Z R F D P n U o T ris R r Mc R a Pb A H D R D U R RD B ELD Mc K FI Mn Y 139 Mf O Mn R M D O D A R R LOW P SHEEP H HOL B en RANC L Mc ep P Run Y She E Mc BENNER RD L MAPLE G R G O A V M E Mp M Mp ON RD R Mc D Mf S

H E LL ER Mc J S Mc Pb acq T RD uay n J s R Mc H 23 u AC u I n U R 73 QUA G YS Mf H RU N g N R L n Pb D A O o S N D a D O L R w TZ A I

M P T R it V O Ru Mn E M

S n C C S reek OBURN DR

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73 ZUE O RD FLE L DR Mf IL

P Mn W H D Mn RT R Mc U E E E G

T F Mp ID Pb R HU

N T N S S CH OE D IN L O S H N Mc E OL O O LO L N D W R 73 W U D E H Mc T Mc O C S H

W L O L R R O ID M W G I Mf E k R R e P R re D D Mc C

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P 2 Mp 139 O

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Mn D E L P R o R S n E I d D w S G N a W C E L O H EY u R r R L DS e 73 IT g R e D H e D W r Mp k N Pb Msh V a

E Mn l l Mc Mf e Mn y

R B T R D WI o R M3 f N u Pb Mc VAL n LE n W CAVE Y s Aʹ L O ICK S R e O R D RD r L L L Mn Ru D O

T H D S n H C Mc C I Mc O R H I T OG S AN B O S Mp WARREN AV DISTEL LN T E T E T Mc R Mc Mp T V S NGOS RD M O D K A A L RY ST Pb Pb H R

T D

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r C U E Mc C N L D E MIL y Mf LDA R Mc r NK LE ROSEMOUNT RD A I R E D V D H G k N E r D D o R L I FORREST DR R F W Y Pb O H d L D r OL C Pb e H O T h ER L RD U p UT E D Mc e HE ILL h M T H S W IOT ALNUT ELL ST Pb Mp Pb D CE N R NTE A R S U K T V D O R un R O O R F Mc ll Mp AY P D o D R O D R rr R r R N R a W Mc Mp U D E N C LO e M C U OL R H Y H v E P R WR Pb E E F LO Pb i K H L R S R D O W Mn 139 o E Mc t un AV R G Mc Mc lf N E o o HI V i W S A n 335 R N G c Mn PE A FAIRV u D R S IEW R Mc R EKM A O Mn M E VE Pb y P B L V E L J E E Mc A O O c A S E C R E N HN V A e V a N S A A G A l N G V S l T l V I L t R E A A IE T D Mf L Mc H e L N t R A W E E Mn V N Y i N V p A D E M A R UVO EK R E A V E A D O E T IN Y S L POND CR E B ST L L Mp A L L Mn Mn E

T T R S S P Pb S S O A S T U H O

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r Mf O T E e T T i v I S V Pb S S R H A H H T C T H S T W 4 3 T S 1 2 H T N E 1 C I T 1 S A o a L 1T T VER V t LO 1 H T Mc T u S N T S o 6 G 0 v H S S B 1 L A i E A o T N T U V 7 E S c L o 1 E A L T I L S T R Mc L

P A T A S Pb L R S P A H M H S Pb G 52 T T P E u H Y 9 H S S R T T Mp R T n 5 H C Mn 8 U Mp Mc L D T I T 4 S 73 C T S U US Mn K T S H Mn B Hy E S S E R gea ASY T T e n R 6 D IK Mc 5 D l un ST T Mn T l HY R S P DES AVE 2 C a GE 3 S RHO AN D A a m RD N A r N E I e y H 2 L Mc L y S I A L Mp s R G u H G A R l u S p T G u n 140 n h u 38°45'N r Mn WEST PORTSMOUTH L NEW BOSTON i c Mc k 38°45'N Mp CA FRIENDSHIP RE YS PORTSMOUTH RU Msh N P ON D C RE EK RD Run Mn Slab HU SLAB RUN RD DS ON A VE

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Va Mp k u N g B e S h e T t r r e o O r MILES 0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 2,500 0 2,500 5,000 7,500 10,000 12,500 15,000 FEET N s u C R 6.5°W E s

l Y u e l n e RUN R 2 d Mc u 5

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S R N S T Mn S R R t U D o N n R D y D

R STRATIGRAPHIC COLUMN R S u N n Mf R Mp A O W V S O E B GROUP/ THICK- D R Y

R L S S T O 52 TEM E C K A T S FORMATION/ LITHOLOGY NESS, DESCRIPTION Y H E S K S W O M E L

R Y R O O E MEMBER IN FEET

U SERI E O L C N W D S LN E R o R L r D l D 125 D ey O R Msh u n e k r e ANIAN Sandstones (arenites, sublithic arenites), clays, shales, and polymictic breccia: C V L Breathitt Group Up to 50 High-angle cross-bedded arenites, tabular cross-beds, truncated bed sets, and H IC 2 K 5 Middle O S festoon cross-bedding; zonal limonite and goethite bands and void linings, R U Y H y liesegang and honeycomb weathered; up to 25 feet thick; bedding IL e

L k PENNS Y R r thicknesses range from 1.5 to 4 feet; fresh surfaces are white to very pale Mc D u C Msh T brown (10YR8/2.5); weathered surfaces range from gray (7.5YR5/1) to C A Mp r M ee P M strong brown (7.5YR5/8). Underlying these sandstones, or exposed at the k T A O S V D E O surface where the sandstone is absent, are silty plastic clays and flint clays up 2N R Dbb E 125 T S to 16 feet thick; grades to flint; fresh clay is white to light gray (2.5Y8/1); S C D L E R N M R R 3 T weathered clay ranges from pinkish white (7.5YR8/2) to reddish yellow I S D E V H T E T Msh N E R R 4 (7.5YR7/6); flint colors range from white (2.5YR8/1) to light-gray E Y A R V R E R D (2.5YR8/2). Below the flinty-clays are interbedded shales, silty shales, and

W siltstones. These beds infill channels cut into the Cowbell Member of the Mc D E 52 Borden Formation. Fresh exposures are variably colored from light gray Mn (2.5Y7/1) to dull black (2.5Y2/0). An unconformity exists between the Breathitt Group and the Underlying Cowbell Member of the Borden Mn Formation. Polymictic flint breccia is found along the unconformity and as basal channel infillings; zonally complex; thickness ranges from 0.5 to 2 feet: RABBITT RUN RD un t R bi beds are dark red (10R6/8) to dark brown (7.5YR3/4). Portions are ab R Cowbell ironstone having cements that encase glauconitic sandstone rock fragments, Mc Mf Dbb Member 125–250 angular chert rock fragments, and other interbasinal clasts. Location of the Portsmouth project area. Mn KEY TO LITHOLOGIC COLORS Arenites, sublithic arenites, siltstones, mudstones, and clays: Beds finely Base map derived from Ohio Department of Transportation data sets. Projection of data is Ohio laminated to massive in appearance, moderately to completely bioturbur- coordinate system, south zone, Mp 2 bated. Preserved structures include: hummocky cross-stratification, very fine North American Datum, 1983. 5 S parallel laminations, low-angle laminations, symmetrical ripple marks, mud U cracks, escape burrows, and scours. Bioclastic zones are rare, thin beds of Na ce crinoid plates, few brachiopods. Bed thicknesses are variable, ranging from R un Pb less than an inch to over 20 feet. Colors are variable, ranging from near

N A white (10YR8/2) when fresh to very dark gray (10YR3/1) when weathered. C E Mc S Fractures are often cased in siderite rinds that give a red-hued patina. R U N Complete bioturbation of original structures results in this massive-bedlike RD N weathering characteristic. Thickness ranges from 125 to 250 feet; thickness Mn IL E L is less where deep incision occurred along the Mississippian/Pennsylvanian Msh N Mf unconformity. The lower contact is gradational with the Nancy Member.

Mp 52 MPbc

Shaly siltstone: Grades from silty claystone at the lower contact with the PbMn B U Portsmouth Shale to very fine sandstone near the overlying Cowbell R T S Member. Historically, this contact differentiated the Cuyahoga and Logan L Msh N MPbp Dbb Formations (Stockdale, 1939). Well bioturbated in zones with both horizon- tal and vertical fauna; very few body fossils preserved other than rare Mf Nancy PbMf brachiopods. Lower portions of the member have siderite lenses and Member 40–90 discoidal siderite concretions from 1 to 3 inches in thickness. Thickness of MPbsh the Nancy Member ranges from 40 to 90 feet. Fresh exposure colors range WEST NEW PORTSMOUTH BOSTON from gray (10YR5/1) to near white (10YR 8/2); weathers to brown

tion (10YR5/3). In siltier zones, the fracture density increases upward with silt iddle m a content and makes the unit prone to mass wasting. Gradational contact with o r - M the overlying Cowbell Member and the underlying Portsmouth Shale e r

w Member. o den F L o r MISSISSIPPIAN B

Claystone: Weakly indurated, massive beds, thinly laminated to laminated, waxy, IO OH cohesive claystone; when fresh exhibits conchoidal fracture. Fresh exposures CKY TU DPbbb are gray (10YR 5/1), weathers to yellow (10YR 7/6). Weathers to a rutted, N badland-type landscape. Upper portions may have very thin to thin-bedded KE strings of siltstone irregularly occurring with sparse siderite nodules. This coincides with color change from gray (10YR 5/1) to yellow (10YR 7/6).

Upper portions have occasional siltstone or arenite beds 1 to 1.5 inches thick. PORTSMOUTH Member approximately 200 feet thick. Gradational contacts with the overlying FRIENDSHIP Portsmouth Nancy Member and underlying Farmers Member. Shale Up to 200 Member Siltstone and very fine sandstone: Tabular-bedded to thickly-bedded with thin, fissle silty-shale partings. Well indurated and uniform; siltstones are nearly structureless with occasional burrows, tunnels, and trails on or near bedding planes. Farmers member is usually 30 to 35 feet thick. Fresh the member is white (10YR8/2); weathered the siltstone is yellowish brown (10 YR 5/4); shale partings are gray (10YR6/1) with siderite rinds. Member has thin shale partings between massive beds. Ratio of coarse-grained beds to shales Bedrock Geology of the Portsmouth, Ohio Region (Portsmouth, Friendship, West approximately 15:1. Near the upper contact, bedded silts thin upward. Portsmouth, & New Boston 7.5-Minute Quadrangles). Aliases include: Buena Vista Sandstone Member of the Cuyahoga Formation, and the Weir Sand in the subsurface (ODNR, 1990).

MAPPING CONVENTIONS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Clayey-silt shale: fissile, laminated, irregularly bedded; laminations, fractures, and parting surfaces are usually altered by thin siderite rinds. Fresh exposures dark-gray (5Y4/1) to olive gray (5Y5/2); weathers to brown (7.5YR4/3) with increased fissility. Upper beds more uniformly bedded Bedrock Geologic Map of Ohio Farmers 30–35 where blocky siltstone becomes near white (10YR 8/2) when weathered. . Member Zonal clays have greasy texture. Upper portion is increasingly tabular as beds DISCLAIMER increase in thickness and frequency. Grain size increases upward to siltstone at the upper contact.

Shale: fissile, laminated, organic, massive silty shale. Weathers dark gray Henley Up to 30 (7.5YR4/0) to black (7.5YR2/0). Subsurface logs record thicknesses ranging Member between 10–40 feet. Complete exposure of the Sunbury was not observed REFERENCES during field work. Unit occupies a thin, vertical interval near drainage Recommended Bibliographic Citation for this Map: • elevation causing it to be concealed by colluvium. Recognized by its position • above the Berea Sandstone, black color, and organic content. Sunbury Siltstone/very fine sandstone: Bedded to thickly bedded with well-developed Up to 40 Shale fractures and joints, and fissile silty-shale interbeds. Proportional 3:1 in siltstone-to-shale ratio with minor carbonaceous detritus and authigenic clays. Individual bed thicknesses may decrease upward; total thickness was not observed during field work; observed thickness was less than 35 feet. Fresh surface color is light gray (7.5YR 7/0); weathers to pale brown (10YR6/3). Upper beds may be zonally pyritized. Shares sharp contact Berea Up to 35 with the overlying Sunbury Shale and gradational lower contact with the Sandstone Bedford Shale.

Silty shale: Fissile, dark-gray to black; silty shale interbedded with thin siltstones in upper portions of unit. Lower portion has siderite nodules and layers. Upper VONIAN Oscillatory wave ripples marks common. Lower contact not observed. D E Subsurface logs show thickness from 35 to 50 feet. Fresh surface color gray Bedford Up to 50 (2.5Y5/0); weathers to light brownish gray (2.5Y6/2). Poorly exposed in Shale deepest cuts at stream floor elevation. Interbedded siltstones increase in frequency and thickness grading upward into overlying Berea Sandstone.

13 9

e k k k

A u t Aʹ e e ee k . e o d e e l . . ee k l e r r a t . R s r un un C r

t . s

1,200 - o - 1,200 C C . e R h un o C R C r

t m h h s R

s r m h h s s 3 a

m R r t u e s e n 10 4 s t r r

e 2 u u e r s v h Pb

o u S u r e e r e v v i

1,000 - - 1,000 o r e n g i r s B o r i t D b

Mc o B B u t n r o b B

A Mc c u a B R t o o B o a o

o Mc o t t t o o W o Mn M f t t R t t B

Mc o f o

800 - - 800 o R o o n . e i n Sc i t Mc i Mf S .

Sc i Sc i Mp

Mf a Sc i Sc i Sc i n t U Mn

Mf io n o S

600 - - 600 t

t i Mf

Msh a

a Msh Msh Mp v v Dbb Dbb

400 - - 400 El e El e Vertical Exaggeration 3x 0 5 10 Miles

0 5 10 15 Kilometers

Bedrock Geology of the Portsmouth, Ohio Region (Portsmouth, Friendship, West Portsmouth, & New Boston 7.5-Minute Quadrangles).

Blakeman • Correlating Mississippian Stratigraphic Relationships between Southern Ohio and North-Central Kentucky • Geological Note 12