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External Projection of a “Minority Language”: Comparing Basque and Catalan with Spanish
東京外国語大学論集 第 100 号(2020) TOKYO UNIVERSITY OF FOREIGN STUDIES, AREA AND CULTURE STUDIES 100 (2020) 43 External Projection of a “Minority Language”: Comparing Basque and Catalan with Spanish 「少数言語」の対外普及 ̶̶ バスク語とカタルーニャ語 の事例をスペイン語の事例と比較しつつ HAGIO Sho W o r l d L a n g u a g e a n d S o c i e t y E d u c a t i o n C e n t r e , T o k y o U n i v e r s i t y o f F o r e i g n S t u d i e s 萩尾 生 東京外国語大学 世界言語社会教育センター 1. The Historical Background of Language Dissemina on Overseas 2. Theore cal Frameworks 2.1. Implemen ng the Basis of External Diff usion 2.2. Demarca on of “Internal” and “External” 2.3. The Mo ves and Aims of External Projec on of a Language 3. The Case of Spain 3.1. The Overall View of Language Policy in Spain 3.2. The Cervantes Ins tute 3.3. The Ramon Llull Ins tute 3.4. The Etxepare Basque Ins tute 4. Transforma on of Discourse 4.1. The Ra onale for External Projec on and Added Value 4.2. Toward Deterritorializa on and Individualiza on? 5. Hypothe cal Conclusion Keywords: Language spread, language dissemination abroad, minority language, Basque, Catalan, Spanish, linguistic value, linguistic market キーワード:言語普及、言語の対外普及、少数言語、バスク語、カタルーニャ語、スペイン語、言語価値、 言語市場 ᮏ✏䛾ⴭసᶒ䛿ⴭ⪅䛜ᡤᣢ䛧䚸 䜽䝸䜶䜲䝔䜱䝤䞉 䝁䝰䞁䝈⾲♧㻠㻚㻜ᅜ㝿䝷䜲䝉䞁䝇䠄㻯㻯㻙㻮㼅㻕ୗ䛻ᥦ౪䛧䜎䛩䚹 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.ja 萩尾 生 Hagio Sho External Projection of a “Minority Language”: Comparing Basque and Catalan with Spanish 「少数言語」 の対外普及 —— バスク語とカタルーニャ語 の 事 例をスペイン語の事例と比較しつつ 44 Abstract This paper explores the value of the external projection of a minority language overseas, taking into account the cases of Basque and Catalan in comparison with Spanish. -
20 Years in Spain
20 YEARS IN SPAIN 1993-2013 Few of us would have imagined that 20 years after we opened a small office in Madrid we would be looking back on our contributions to some of the most innovative and influential projects that have been realized in Spain over that period. Probably none of us would have foreseen that five years after the onset of a lingering global financial crisis we would have a thriving multi- disciplinary Spanish practice, advising, planning, designing and supervising the delivery of projects all over the world. We are tremendously proud of the achievements of our colleagues in Spain over these 20 years and are confident that they will go on to achieve more great things in the next 20. Gregory Hodkinson Arup Group Board 20 YEARS IN SPAIN 1993 - 2013 At the service of life Arup has been able to successfully combine the small with the large, engineering with architecture and Scandinavian democracy with British empiricism. The firm, started in 1946 by the Danish engineer, Ove Arup, and founded in its present form in 1963 with the British architect, Philip Dowson, celebrates its first twenty years in Spain as mindful of its legacy as it is to its future. Those who have made many iconic works possible in recent decades are also responsible for minimal works in harsh and demanding social and technical environments, because as much talent is required to build a small bridge in a remote region of China as it is to erect a skyscraper in Europe. It is a saga of mythical engineers of the likes of the late-lamented Peter Rice – without -
Solve the Biodiversity Crisis with Funding on Reporting Scientific and Racial History
LETTERS The black-footed ferret has Downloaded from benefited from the U.S. Endangered Species Act. Edited by Jennifer Sills programs to protect biodiversity from 8. We invite all scientists to endorse this message by signing severe and growing threats. The effort the open letter at https://defenders-cci.org/sign-on/ http://science.sciencemag.org/ conservation-funding. Solve the biodiversity to conserve threatened and endangered species must be prioritized to protect our SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS national heritage and safeguard human science.sciencemag.org/content/365/6459/1256.1/suppl/DC1 crisis with funding well-being. In light of the unprecedented List of Initial Signatories The recent Intergovernmental Science-Policy global biodiversity crisis identified by 10.1126/science.aay9839 Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem the IPBES, we urge the United States to Services (IPBES) Global Assessment (1) is the join governments around the world in most comprehensive synthesis of the status immediate action. The data are clear and and trends of biodiversity to date, and it consistent: Our leaders must invest today On reporting scientific offers a bleak outlook: up to 1 million species to protect biodiversity in perpetuity. and racial history on September 19, 2019 at risk of extinction, with tangible harm Jacob Malcom1, Mark W. Schwartz2, Megan for human societies. The U.S. Endangered Evansen1, William J. Ripple3, Stephen In his News Feature “Science’s debt to the Species Act (ESA) is widely considered the Polasky4, Leah R. Gerber5, Thomas E. slave trade” (5 April, p. 16), S. Kean discusses strongest law in the world for conserving Lovejoy6, Lee M. -
THE VIVA GUIDE Barcelona Welcome To
THE VIVA GUIDE Barcelona Welcome to_ This guide was produced for you by the Viva Barcelona team. Graphic Design by Carmen Galán [carmengalan.com] BARCELONA Barcelona is the 10th most visited city in the world and the third most visited in Europe after London and Paris, with several million tourists every year. With its ‘Rambles’, Barcelona is ranked the most popular city to visit in Spain and it now attracts some 7.5 million tourists per year. Barcelona has a typical Mediterranean climate. The winter is relatively mild and the summer is hot and humid. The rainy seasons are the once in between autumn and spring. There are very few days of extreme temperature, heat or cold. Every 24th September, Barcelona celebrates it’s annual festival, La Mercè – corresponding to the day of its patron saint. It comprises of some 600 events, from concerts and all kinds of local, cultural attractions including the human tower building, els Castellers, erected by groups of women, men and children, representing values such as solidarity, effort and the act of achievement. Children are the real stars of this tradition, they climb to the very top of the human castell expressing strength over fragility. 4 5 Since 1987, the city has been Passeig de Gràcia being the most Districts divided into 10 administrative important avenue that connects the districts: Ciutat Vella, Eixample, central Plaça Catalunya to the old Sants- Montjuic, Les Corts, town of Gràcia, while Avinguda Sarriá-Sant Gervasi, Gràcia, Diagonal cuts across the grid Horta-Guinardò, Nou Barris, diagonally and Gran Via de les Corts Sant Andreu, Sant Martì. -
Casas Baratas De Bizkaia Bizkaiko Etxe Merkeak
SUB Hamburg C/11642 Casas Baratas de Bizkaia 1911-1936 Nueva Imagen de la Ciudad Bizkaiko Etxe Merkeak 1911-1936 Hiriaren Irudi Berria Ana Julia Gómez Gómez Javier Ruiz San Miguel Lorea A. Ruiz Gómez BizkatoFoniAJdundia Diputación Fotcri de Bizfeaía ÍNDICE AURKIBIDEA Presentación Aurkezpena 13 Capítulo I I. kapitulua LA VIVIENDA OBRERA EN EL ÚLTIMO TERCIO DEL SIGLO XIX 15 INICIOS DEL PROBLEMA DE LA VIVIENDA OBRERA ÉÑÜUROPA 17 COMIENZO DEL PROBLEMA DE LA VIVIENDA OBRERA EN BIZKAIA 19 TESTIMONIOS Y DENUNCIAS DE LOS PROBLEMAS PLANTEADOS POR LA CRISIS DE LA VIVIENDA EN EL SIGLO XIX 20 Testimonios y denuncias de las condiciones de vida y vivienda, en los ámbitos francés y anglosajón 20 Testimonios y denuncias en el ámbito vizcaíno. Infravivienda, barracones 22 Retretes, sanidad y mortandad 23 Los mineros y obreros vizcaínos exigen viviendas dignas. Enfrentamientos de 1890 25 PLANTEAMIENTOS PARA REMEDIAR LOS PROBLEMAS DE LA VIVIENDA EN EL SIGLO XIX 27 El socialismo utópico francés y sus opciones 27 Los teóricos anglosajones y sus propuestas de solución 32 La filantropía y el desarrollo del concepto de ciudad jardín 34 El socialismo utópico español y su escasa respuesta 38 La legislación del siglo XIX y las diferentes propuestas institucionales para abordar la escasez de vivienda obrera en España 39 La visión cooperativista de la ideología católica. Cartas a un obrero de Concepción Arenal 41 PRIMERAS VIVIENDAS PARA OBREROS EN BIZKAIA, A FINALES DEL SIGLO XIX 43 Las Leyes de Casas Baratas 47 La Primera Ley de Casas Baratas. 1911 48 La Segunda Ley de Casas Baratas. 1921 48 La Tercera Ley de Casas Baratas. -
The Activities of the Institut Ramon Llull in the Con- Text of Multicultural Collaboration Between Spain and Russia
THE ACTIVITIES OF THE INSTITUT RAMON LLULL IN THE CON- TEXT OF MULTICULTURAL COLLABORATION BETWEEN SPAIN AND RUSSIA M. Moseykina, Y. Moseykin, E. Kargovskaia, V. Kuznetsova Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University) (RUSSIAN FEDERATION) Abstract Language is the main means of communication between people. It allows us to express thoughts and emotions, helps us learn and teach. Language is a basic way of culture and traditions transmitting, as well as solving many other vital tasks. The official motto of the European Union is "United in diversity". This means that the multitude of cul- tures, traditions and languages in Europe is a positive capital for the continent. Undoubtedly European countries are a prime example of linguistic and cultural diversity. In Spain along with Spanish (Castilian) there are four co-official languages: Catalan, Galician, Basque and Aranese. It has not been an easy task to conserve multilingualism in Spain. This is the result of a complex process of deliberate saving of cultural and linguistic identity both between different regions and peoples of Spain and in the international scene. In the European Union, Catalan is the 14th language by the number of speakers, in the other words, it is spoken much more often than languages such as Slovakian, Lithuanian or Danish. Catalan is co- official language in the Spanish autonomous regions of Catalonia, Valencia and the Balearic Islands. Also, it is the only official language of the independent state of Andorra. Moreover, Catalan is spoken in the French department of Pyrénées Orientales and in the Italian city of Alghero in Sardinia. Today, the main instrument for popularizing Catalan culture and conducting activities to the spread of Catalan language abroad is the Institut Ramon Llull. -
Summer in Barcelona
OFFICIAL Monthly agenda FREE GUIDE! AUGUST 2017 SUMMER IN BARCELONA TRADITIONAL THE BEST FOOD AGENDA WITH CULTURE AND WINE MORE THAN FOR ALL EXPERIENCES 200 ACTIVITIES CONTENTS August 2017 Tibidabo Amusement Park. 08 COVER STORY 18 IN THE CITY Summer in Barcelona A month packed with culture Live intensely: beaches and Music outdoors and in iconic sea activities, culture and buildings, festivals, parties entertainment, gastronomy, sport... and traditional Catalan celebrations, major sports 14 ART events... A thrilling cultural Passport to the best museums summer. All of Barcelona’s art at your fingertips with the combination Articket. 22 SHOPPING Shopping centres 16 FOOD AND DRINK An excellent shopping and Wine and food experiences entertainment option for all. Routes and tours, courses and workshops, tastings, pairings… 25 AGENDA Enjoy your wine and food. More than 200 daily activities. Follow us @VisitBCN_EN facebook.com/visitbarcelona youtube.com/c/visitbarcelonaofficial pinterest.com/visitbcn/ instagram.com/visitbarcelona plus.google.com/+visitbarcelonaofficial Key to symbols Type: show, sport, culture, gastro-tourism Target: family, children, romantic Space: outdoors, routes, historical, panoramic Time: morning, afternoon, evening, all day Publisher: Turisme de Barcelona. Passatge de la Concepció, 7-9. Tel. 93 368 97 00. visitbarcelona.com · Design & layout: ZetaCorp (Ediciones Reunidas SA - Grupo Zeta). Tel. 93 227 94 16 · Advertising: Director Comercial, Juan Garçon. ZETA Gestión de Medios. Tel. 93 484 66 00 · DL: B 12.919.2016 · Printed on certified paper 3 THE HOT Su. 20 TRADITIONS P. 41 LIST The traditional festival August 2017 in the Sants neighbourhood. Tu. 8 We. 23 OUTDOOR CINEMA P. 37 MUSIC P. -
Memoria CCC2018:Newsletter 24Ver4
CAPITAL DE LA CULTURA CATALANA 2004-2018 Capital de la Cultura Catalana Bureau Internacional de Capitals Culturals Ronda Universitat, 7 08007 Barcelona ℡ +34-934123294 Fax +34-934126871 [email protected] www.ccc.cat Twitter: @culturacatalana Facebook: capitalculturacatalana Sumari Presentació 5 Capitals de la Cultura Catalana Capital de la Cultura Catalana Banyoles 2004 . 7 Capital de la Cultura Catalana Esparreguera 2005 8 Capital de la Cultura Catalana Amposta 2006 9 Capital de la Cultura Catalana Lleida 2007 10 Capital de la Cultura Catalana Perpinyà 2008 11 Capital de la Cultura Catalana Figueres 2009 12 Capital de la Cultura Catalana Badalona 2010 13 Capital de la Cultura Catalana Escaldes-Engordany 2011 14 Capital de la Cultura Catalana Tarragona 2012 15 Capital de la Cultura Catalana Ripoll 2013 16 Capital de la Cultura Catalana Barcelona 2014 17 Capital de la Cultura Catalana Vilafranca del Penedès 2015 18 Capital de la Cultura Catalana Vic 2016 19 Capital de la Cultura Catalana Reus 2017 20 Capital de la Cultura Catalana Manresa 2018 21 Capital de la Cultura Catalana Cervera 2019 22 Capitals de la Cultura Catalana El Vendrell 2010 i Tortosa 2021 23 Campanyes de promoció cultural Campanya 10 pintures universals a Barcelona 26 Campanya 10 escultures universals a Barcelona 38 Campanya 7 persones sàvies de Catalunya 55 Campanya 7 tresors del patrimoni cultural de Barcelona 60 Campanya 7 tresors del patrimoni cultural de Badalona 61 Campanya 7 tresors del patrimoni cultural de Catalunya 62 Campanya 7 tresors del patrimoni cultural de Reus 63 Campanya 7 tresors del patrimoni cultural del Vendrell 64 Campanya 10 tresors del patrimoni cultural immaterial de Catalunya i el Principat d’Andorra 65 Nota sobre las fotografies d’aquesta publicació: · L’ordre del nom de les persones, i el càrrec si s’escau, que apareixen en les fotografies està sempre indicat d’esquerra a dreta. -
4 11 22 32 34 41 50 59 64 65 66 Land Use. Notes On
4 LAND USE. NOTES ON SCULPTURAL GESTURES AND PRACTICE MARIA VIRGINIA JAUA EREMUAK 11 FLOORSPACE PEDRO DE LLANO 22 A CONVERSATION BETWEEN ANA LAURA ALÁEZ AND MAITE GARBAYO MAITE GARBAYO 32 AMAIA MOLINET 34 AFTER '68. ART AND ARTISTIC PRACTICES IN THE BASQUE COUNTRY, 1968–2018 MIRIAM ALZURI, BEGOÑA GONZÁLEZ, MIGUEL ZUGAZA 41 TIME AND URGENCY, LAUGHTER AND SPACE, POTATOES AND CHIPS. A CONVERSATION BETWEEN JOSÉ RAMÓN AMONDARAIN AND NADIA BARKATE NADIA BARKATE 50 ALKOLEA BEACH SANDRA CUESTA, LARRAITZ TORRES, AMAIA URRA 59 WHAT WAS, WHAT IS #5 OIER IRURETAGOIENA 64 HARRIAK 65 YEAR'S ACTIVITIES 66 JONE LOIZAGA eremuak #5 editors Iñaki Imaz, Pello Irazu, Maider López, Leire Vergara coordinator Natalia Barbería texts by María Virginia Jaua / Pedro de Llano / Maite Garbayo, Ana Laura Aláez / Miriam Alzuri, Begoña González, Miguel Zugaza / Nadia Barkate, José Ramón Amondarain / Sandra Cuesta, Larraitz Torres, Amaia Urra / Oier Iruretagoiena copy editor Fernando Quincoces images central pages: Amaia Molinet back cover: Jone Loizaga HARRIAK images [1] [2] [3] David Hornback, [4] [5] [6] Dani Mera, [7] [8] [9] Maia Villot de Diego images in year's activities [1] Lydia Lomas, [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] Dani Mera, [7] Leire Vergara, [8] Miriam Petralanda, [9] [10] Damaris Pan, [11] [12] Leo Burge, [13] Alberto Peral graphic design Maite Zabaleta Nerecán English translations Toni Crabb November 2018 www.eremuak.net © of the texts, their authors © of the images, the artists © of the photographs, their authors All rights reserved ISSN: 2444-6319 legal deposit: SS-1149-2015 Open programme for the production of context in contemporary art. Department of Culture and Language Policy of the Basque Government. -
The New Literature from Europe Festival NYC's Largest Literature In
The New Literature from Europe Festival NYC’s Largest Literature in Translation Celebration December 7-10, 2016 NEW YORK – The New Literature from Europe Festival, New York City’s top European literary event, returns in its 13th year to present best-selling, award-winning, and emerging authors from across the continent. The four-day festival welcomes more than 40 authors, journalists, poets and translators in events at bookstores, theatres, and special venues throughout New York City from December 7 to 10. Curated and produced by 20 Square Feet Productions, the programs feature readings, conversations, and panel discussions with European and American literary luminaries. “At a time of division in Europe, the United States, and the world, the Festival provides a unique opportunity for us to come together in celebration of great literature and all that unites us,” says Sean Bye, President, New Literature from Europe Festival. European festival guests include Elena Alexieva (Sofia, Bulgaria), Colin Barrett (County Mayo, Ireland), Ann Cotten (Vienna, Austria), Cristian Crusat (Málaga, Andalusia, Spain), Stefan Hertmans (Ghent, Flanders, Belgium), Susana Moreira Marques (Porto, Portugal), Immanuel Mifsud (Paola, Malta), Mihkel Mutt (Tartu, Estonia), Martí Sales (Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain), Asle Skredderberget (Oslo, Norway), Yoko Tawada (Berlin, Germany), Krisztina Tóth (Budapest, Hungary), Szczepan Twardoch (Silesia, Poland), Matei Visniec (Suceava, Romania) and Tommy Wieringa (Amsterdam, The Netherlands). Joining the festival, alongside our guests from Europe, are best-selling and acclaimed authors, Salman Rushdie, Jhumpa Lahiri, Eliot Weinberger, Deborah Eisenberg, Benjamin Nugent, and Elizabeth Flock; poets Nick Laird, Nick Flynn, and Nathanle Handal; The New Yorker’s Cressida Leyshon; the BBC’s Michael Maher; Open Letter Books’ Chad W. -
La Projecció Exterior De La Llengua Catalana
ANUARIO CERVANTES 05 4/8/06 08:42 Página 383 LA PROJECCIÓ EXTERIOR DE LA LLENGUA CATALANA Maria Àngels Prats Mora l català, llengua romànica que compta amb més de mil anys d’història, és un element d’identitat que compartei- E xen Andorra, Catalunya, les Illes Balears, el País Valencià, la Franja de Ponent, la Catalunya sota administració francesa i la ciutat sarda de l’Alguer. A més, representa una aportació molt preuada a la cultura mediterrània, europea i universal. La política de suport a la llengua catalana i a la seva cultu- fonguin la llengua i la cultura catalanes tant entre el públic ra a l’exterior és clau per a la seva vitalitat i prestigi, ja que en general com a les institucions públiques, especial- contribueix a concedir-li més reconeixement internacio- ment en l’àmbit internacional. nal. Els resultats d’aquesta política s’han fet especialment evidents durant els últims anys amb la presència de la cul- tura catalana com a convidada d’honor en les dues princi- Ensenyament del català pals fires del llibre del món: Guadalajara l’any 2004 i Frank- en l’àmbit universitari furt el proper any 2007. L’organisme impulsor d’aquestes activitats és l’Insti- L’Àrea de Llengua ofereix subvencions anuals a les universi- tut Ramon Llull, el principal objectiu del qual és la pro- tats i als centres d’estudis superiors de tot el món que for- jecció exterior de la llengua i la cultura catalanes en to- min part de la Xarxa de lectorats. Actualment, aquesta xar- tes les seves modalitats i mitjans d’expressió. -
Dossier De Premsa ENG.Indd
PRESS KIT TO LOSE YOUR HEAD (IDOLS) CATALONIA IN VENICE of imposing itself on us and if this that is done is very similar to that occurs our first reaction is to lose which is inflicted on humans: mutila- CATALONIA IN VENICE— our head.” It is as if the statues have tions, beheadings (very often), their own lives, regardless if the throwing of corrosive liquids or hot TO LOSEYOUR HEAD object is more or less artistic. oil, blinding (paint thrown in the eyes, “Statues are artificial bodies. Like often the colour red to symbolise strange beings they awaken pas- blood), etc. “Statues are living (IDOLS) sions, desires and fears. Statues beings: they seem alive to us. They dominate us. They expose us to that are either worshipped or bother- which we don’t always want to see. some witnesses,” says Azara. They are pleaded with or they are decapitated. Desperate before their The project documents and pres- EVENTO COLLATERALE The Institut Ramon Llull presents THE THESIS disdain, or thankful before an ents various examples of statue DELLA 58. ESPOSIZIONE Catalonia in Venice—To Lose Your The title of the project, Catalonia in unexpected awakening, we react, worship and destruction that INTERNAZIONALE D’ARTE Head (Idols), an exhibition curated by Venice—To Lose Your Head (Idols), either by gracing them with our correspond to the Catalan reality. LA BIENNALE DI VENEZIA. Pedro Azara for the Eventi Collaterali already gives us an idea of the gratitude or delivering them a final “A community such as a Catalonia, in the 58th edition of the Venice Art theme of the exhibition - because of coup de grace,” adds the curator with its sacred mountains and A PROJECT BY THE INSTITUT Biennale,.