N.IORGA" REVISTA ISTORICA , Fondator N
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Raisa ȚĂRUȘ, Vasile SURD
Centre for Research on Settlements and Urbanism Journal of Settlements and Spatial Planning J o u r n a l h o m e p a g e: http://jssp.reviste.ubbcluj.ro The Evolution of Towns in Transylvania. Geographical and Historical Review Based on the Correlation: Age – Genetic Type Raisa ŢĂRUȘ1, Vasile SURD 1 1 Babeş-Bolyai University, Faculty of Geography, Centre on Research of Settlements and Urbanism, Cluj-Napoca, ROMANIA E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] K e y w o r d s: Transylvania region, genetic type of town, urban settlement, historical period, documentary attestation A B S T R A C T The evolution of towns in Transylvania is studied along time relying on the hi storical documents of the region, the geographical space framing of the towns and the proofs of humanity influence over years. These geographical - historical characteristics of the Transylvanian region have generated through the historical periods the existence of a land with comprehensive meaning of the geographical space. In this context, the topic of our study discovers the birth of each town and his evolution over the years, its importance and functions in each historical period. In order to achieve a better knowledge about the geographical-historical evolution of towns in Transylvania we have identified and analyzed the differences between the ages of different towns referring to their first documentary attestation. Then, we deduced the three genetic types of towns in Transylvania region that can be divided into three categories: fortress and citadel, fair and primary resource town. The correlation between the ages of towns and their genetic type is performed, resulting in a novel approach for the geographical - historical research in the evolution of a town from the Transylvania region. -
Multicultural and Intercultural Common Heritage in Transylvania
International Journal of Education, Culture and Society 2017; 2(5): 147-157 http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/ijecs doi: 10.11648/j.ijecs.20170205.12 ISSN: 2575-3460 (Print); ISSN: 2575-3363 (Online) Multicultural and Intercultural Common Heritage in Transylvania Ildikó-Csilla Takács Business Administration Doctoral School, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania Email address: [email protected], csillatakacs12gmail.com To cite this article: Ildikó-Csilla Takács. Multicultural and Intercultural Common Heritage in Transylvania. International Journal of Education, Culture and Society. Vol. 2, No. 5, 2017, pp. 147-157. doi: 10.11648/j.ijecs.20170205.12 Received: February 18, 2017; Accepted: February 27, 2017; Published: October 31, 2017 Abstract: The focus of this paper is the examination of multicultural and intercultural values along with the description of cultural heritage in order to support the hypothesis that these principles have an impact on educational cooperation practices and semantic features of cultural entities. The study presented in this paper will show that intercultural awareness is crucial, since a nation passes on its culture to its youth so as to preserve its national character for the future. My purpose is to develop consciousness of the Transylvanian people belonging to the Romanian, Hungarian and the Saxon cultures, as they became the melting pot of all these forces, merging the Transylvanian character in a truly national culture. Therefore, teaching and learning about intercultural communicative competence is a challenge to raise students’ awareness of their own culture, as well as to help them interpret and understand other cultures. It is not just a body of knowledge, but a set of practices requiring information, skills, attitudes which make what culture is: language that maintains discourse relations by providing, in a concise way, an ocean of information about how people conceptualize the world around them. -
Manufacture and Transportation of Gunpowder In
THE MANUFACTURE AND TRANSPORTATION OF GUNPOWDER IN THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE: 1400-1800 by Cameron Rubaloff Nelson A thesis submitted to the faculty of The University of Utah in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Middle East Studies/History Department of Languages and Literature The University of Utah August 2010 Copyright © Cameron Rubaloff Nelson 2010 All Rights Reserved The University of Utah Graduate School STATEMENT OF THESIS APPROVAL The thesis of Cameron Nelson has been approved by the following supervisory committee members: Peter Von Sivers , Chair 5-6-2010 Date Approved Peter Sluglett , Member 5-6-2010 bate Approved Ed Davies , Member 5-6-2010 bate Approved and by Fernando Rubio , Chair of the Department of Department of Languages and Literature and by Charles A. Wight, Dean of The Graduate School. ABSTRACT This thesis attempts to analyze the reasons for the Ottoman Empire’s successful expansion in the 1400s-1800s and its ultimate decline in the 1800s-1900s through the perspective of its national gunpowder factories and gunpowder transportation capabilities. Ultimately, all premodern firearms were only as powerful as the gunpowder they used, and a recurrent problem for all gunpowder armies was the unreliability of their powder. Such unreliability became the primary cause for the loss of a battle or an entire campaign. In comparison with their rivals to the west and to the east, the Ottomans displayed an unparalleled aptitude for the manufacture and transport of gunpowder. The abundance of natural resources, such as high quality saltpeter, sulfur, and the right kind of trees for producing charcoal, when combined with the Ottomans’ highly sophisticated state-run gunpowder works and excellent transportation network, was a major factor in their stunning successes between the 1450s and 1700s. -
Rom Pentru Romania
ROMI PENTRU ROMÂNIA 1 2 PREFACE PREFAȚĂ faptele lor au exprimat poziții specifice etniei romilor în perioada care i-au Cultura este un moment al umanității, al existenței ei Culture is a moment of humanity, of its spiritual consacrat, iar pe de altă parte asupra măsurii în care ele spirituale, prin care omul își afirmă trecerea prin istorie, la fel existence whereby affirms his passage through history, the corespund concepțiilor și idealurilor noastre actuale. Interesul cum și-o afirmă și prin știință. O regăsim pretutindeni în same way he does through science. We can find it everywhere in mankind’ existence, where all forms of art interfuse with pentru valorile romilor din trecut și din prezent este azi la noi existența societății, unde arta sub toate formele ei și omul se man so deep that it seems a single pulsation beats the rhythm mai viu ca oricând. Devine astfel, implicit, necesară viitorului amestecă atât de mult încât pare că aceeași pulsație bate în of history in both of them. The creation of a culture passes intelectual orientarea, ierarhizarea, cercetarea ceva mai amândoi ritmul istoriei. Crearea unei culturi trece prin selectarea through the selection or affirmation of values, beliefs, aprofundată a momentelor importante ale culturii și istoriei sau afirmarea valorilor, credințelor, pasiunilor indispensabile passions which are indispensable for putting in order rules, romilor. Aceasta trebuie să sublinieze sensul punerii în ordine a regulilor, finalităților, normelor. O cultură este goals, and norms. A culture is a spiral whose force rests on moștenirii culturale pe care ne-a lăsat-o trecutul – o moștenire o spirală a cărei forță se bazează pe conservare și pe continuitate. -
The Admiral's Vayvode of 1598
Early Theatre 18.1 (2015), 79–100 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12745/et.18.1.1168 Misha Teramura The Admiral’s Vayvode of 1598 This essay proposes that the subject of the lost play Vayvode, performed by the Admiral’s Men in 1598, may have been John Hunyadi, a fifteenth-century Hun- garian military commander celebrated as a bulwark of Christian Europe against the Ottoman threat. It considers which historical sources would have been avail- able to the playwright, the popularity of Hunyadi in the sixteenth century, and the theatrical contexts of the 1590s, as well as some alternative possibilities for the hero of the Admiral’s play. In 1598 the Admiral’s Men performed a play, now lost, by name of Vayvode. In his Diary, Philip Henslowe records four payments from August 21 to 25 for apparel and properties relating to the play, indicating that the com- pany was preparing for a production; later that month, on August 29, a pay- ment of 20s is recorded to Henry Chettle ‘ffor his playe of vayvode’.1 Some months later, Henslowe records 40s ‘pd vnto my sonne Edward alleyn the 21 of Janewary for the playe of vayvod for the company’.2 Apart from the play’s mysterious title, the only other information we learn from Henslowe’s Diary that might indicate anything about the play’s content is the fact that its production required the services of a ‘lace man[ ]’ and a ‘tayller[ ]’, and involved a ‘sewte & a gowne’ as well as ‘diuers thinges’. Even the original dramatist is unknown: the peculiar order and amount of the payments seem to indicate that Vayvode was an old play owned, in August 1598, by Alleyn, and that Chettle was paid for last-minute revisions or additions.3 In many ways Vayvode is typical of those myriad lost plays of the Renaissance whose extant traces offer theatre historians very little (if any) evidence of their nar- rative content. -
Muzeul National Brukenthal
MUZEUL NATIONAL BRUKENTHAL Piaţa Mare , Nr. 4 - 5 550163 - SIBIU 0269/218143 - MUZEUL DE ISTORIE CASA ALTEMBERGER 0369/101782 - MUZEUL DE ISTORIE NATURALĂ 0369/101783 - GALERIA DE ARTĂ CONTEMPORANĂ ROMANIATel : (+40) 269 217691, 0369/101780 0369/101784 - MUZEUL DE VÂNĂTOARE AUGUST VON Secretariat SPIESS Fax: (+40) 269 211545 0269/218191 - MUZEUL DE ISTORIE A FARMACIEI E-mail: [email protected] Pagina web: www.brukenthalmuseum.ro Raportul de Activitate al Muzeului Naţional Brukenthal în perioada 15.09.2014 la 30.04.2017 Prof.univ.dr. Sabin Adrian LUCA, Director General În conformitate cu prevederile contractului de management nr. 58 din 15.09.2014 datele şi informaţiile din prezentul raport sunt aferente perioadei: de la 15.09.2014 la 30.04.2017 1 CUPRINS PARTEA I 5 A. Evoluția instituției în raport cu mediul în care își desfășoară activitatea: 5 1. Colaborarea cu instituții, organizații, grupuri informale care se adresează 5 aceleiași comunități. a. Expoziții în colaborare cu parteneri la sediile Muzeului 5 b. Expoziții integrale ale Muzeului la alte sedii 9 c. Participări la expoziții 11 d. Organizare conferințe, simpozioane, ateliere, lansări de carte 13 e. Partener sau co-organizator evenimente în cadrul programelor și proiectelor 15 f. Proiecte educație muzeală 16 2. Analiza SWOT (analiza mediului intern și extern, puncte tari, puncte slabe, 17 oportunități, amenințări. 3. Evoluția imaginii existente și măsuri luate pentru îmbunătățirea acesteia. 18 a. Expoziții permanente 18 b. Expoziții temporare la sediile Muzeului în cadrul proiectelor proprii (fără partener) 18 – valorificarea patrimoniului c. Expoziții online 19 d. Tururi virtuale 20 e. Târguri 20 f. Acţiuni de publicitate a proiectelor instituţiei 21 g. -
Angvstia 11, 2007
ANGVSTIA 11, 2007 Cuprins (Table of contents) Cuprins (Table of Contents). 5 ANGVSTIA nr. 1-10, 1996-2006 – Sumar general (ANGVSTIA nr. 1-10, 1996-2006 – General summary) . 9 Istorie (History) ELISABETA NEGULESCU, Românii din sud-estul Transilvaniei în documentele Ocârmuirii Saac (The Romanians of South-eastern Transylvania in the documents of the Saac Administration). 27 IOAN RANCA, OpoziŃia autorităŃilor guvernamentale şi locale ungureşti din Transilvania, faŃă de o adunare naŃională a românilor, în anii 1790-1791 (The opposition of the governmental and local Hungarian authorities from Transylvania, to a Romanian national gathering in 1970-1971). 31 IOANA CRISTACHE-PANAIT, StenŃel Condrat, zugrav şi copist prin sate mureşene (prima jumătate a secolului al XIX) (StenŃel Condrat – painter and copyist in villages from Maramureş (the first half of the 20th century)). 41 VASILE LECHINŃAN, Limba română în viaŃa secuilor de-a lungul secolelor (până în 1918)(III) (The Romanian language in the life of Szecklers along the centuries (until 1918) (III)). 63 ELENA MIHU, Pătimirile preotului Ioan Brânduşe din Daneş în anul 1849 (The sufferings of Priest Ioan Brânduşe from Daneş in 1849). 71 MILANDOLINA BEATRICE DOBOZI, Un protocol de vizitaŃie canonică – imagine a parohiilor din Protopopiatul Ortodox Reghin la anul domnului 1852 (A protocol of canonical visitation – An image of the parishes of the Orthodox District of Reghin in 1852). 93 ANA GRAMA, Comunitatea BreŃcană în pragul secolului al XX-lea şi în primele decenii ale acestuia. Edificarea „şcolii de piatră” (1904) (The community of BreŃcu at the beginning and in the first decades of the 20th Century. Building the “stone made school” (1904). -
The Ottoman Conquest of the Balkans
m of BohemiaBohem Kingdomdomdo of PoloniaPo Troppaupp D. = Duchy e Lembergg i r Cracowc p Margravatev of m MoraviaMora a BrünnBrünn Dnjestr Oliver Jens Schmitt (ed.)st Duchy of KremnitzK n NeusohlN hl Kaschauasschau Austriaustria M Vienna Preßburgßb g Schemnitzche it o D Suceavauceava l an Visegrad´ d ub Thee Ottoman Conquesta uchy of Lake NeusiedlN l Gran Bender Theiss Wardein Roman Pruth StyriaSty Ofen v Bistritzitz th Balaton StuhlweißenburgS ßenburg h i Klausenburg VasluiVa a Grazaz Sereth KingdomKingd m offof HungaryHu theng yBalkans Cetateaate Albbab Kalocsasas Akkermanman LaibachLaiba Schäßburgchäß Drava Fünfkirchenn n SONDERDRUCK Agram Kronronroonstadtstadt Carniolaolala MohácsM Hermannstadt ChChilChiliiliai a/FiumeFFiume SlavoniaSlaa CâmpulunCâmpulungmp Brailaaila Save Târgovistes¸ Zengg Belgradegrara Curtea de Argess C JajceJa ZvornikZ k i a r h o Smederevod V a l a c a Bobovacov c bbe SSiSilisSilistrSilistrastratra t i Giurgiu Danub k a Bosniaossn SreSreebrenica VVidViiddidinn Zadardarar SumS umeumenmen c SSplitSp SerbiaSerbir a Nikopolk VarnaV Sibenik nikik MostarMos r a 3 l a Humum NiNiss Tar novo t Novo SofiaS MMesMeesembriaese B i PecPee´ Dubrovniku ovnnikikk NNovivi Brdo O PhilippopolisPhPhilippoPhilippopPhilippopoh ppoppp c 1 2 7 7 SozS zopolisz S Kotor ShkodraShkoS odr PrizrenPrizi rerenen t e Bar VeVelelbbuzdbuz 5 t a Ulcinj SkSkokoppjepjpjee AdrianopolisAdrianAdriaAdridrianodridriaanopanonopopopolpoolil Bizye Lezhhaa o Kingdomg Bari Durrës SerresSerreseses ConstantinoConstantinopC nopop 11 OhOhrhrurrududud 6 m ThasosThaTThhhaa -
Copyright 2015 Pompilia Viorica Burcicǎ
Copyright 2015 Pompilia Viorica Burcicǎ AMATEUR THEATER IN HISTORICAL TRANSYLVANIA BETWEEN THE TWO WORLD WARS BY POMPILIA VIORICA BURCICĂ DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2015 Urbana, Illinois Doctoral Committee: Professor Keith Hitchins, Chair Professor Maria Todorova Professor Emerita Elizabeth Pleck Associate Professor Carol Symes Abstract This dissertation examines amateur theater as an expression of cultural freedom among four ethnic groups inhabiting historical Transylvania, a province attached to Greater Romania after the First World War. By expanding on the current understanding of minority status in a nation- state, this study shows the opportunities provided by the Romanian government for local expression and unity. Through a detailed comparative history of the amateur theater of each ethnic group (the Romanians, Hungarians, Saxons, and Jews), I seek to show the degree to which nationalist regimes allowed them to create through amateur theater a platform for communication and cultural development. Unique at the regional level in scale and ethnic involvement, this artistic practice challenged the newly-formed nation-state and shaped its nationalistic response, but, at the same time, theater playing gave Romanian governments, in particular to the officials from Transylvania, an opportunity to act upon their principles concerning ethnic rights, which they advocated before the First World War. My conclusion is that, overall, they viewed the development of minority amateur theater in favorable terms. Theater appealed to minorities because they could take an active part in their self- organization and could showcase their outlook on life, family values, social relations, and work principles in the public sphere. -
The History of the Romanian System of Public Administration. the Public Administration of the Royal Dictatorship and the Nationality Question
THE HISTORY OF THE ROMANIAN SYSTEM OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION. THE PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION OF THE ROYAL DICTATORSHIP AND THE NATIONALITY QUESTION Zsolt SZÉKELY Zsolt SZÉKELY Lecturer, College of Public Administration St. George, Public Administration Department, Faculty of Political, Administrative and Communication Sciences, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania Abstract Tel.: 0040-267-315270 The goal of the present study is to explore a Email: [email protected] unique system of public administration that was carried out during the dictatorship of Charles II in Romania between the two World Wars. In a paradoxical manner, the only effort to solve the nationality question through legislation took place under his royal dictatorship. In 1938, the government published its three-part collection of laws, known as the Minority Statute, which defined the rights of minorities. The Minority Statute was intended primarily for foreign publication, and it was addressed more toward a foreign audience, which is also illustrated by the fact that it was only published in the official newspaper, and censors had prohibited it from being published in either the majority or the minority press. Among the circumstances surrounding the creation of the Minority Statute, it is interesting to note that the Ministry of Foreign Affairs played the largest role in its drafting process. Transylvanian Review of Administrative Sciences, 27E/2009 pp. 235-249 235 1.1. Introduction In 1937, a far-reaching process of change started taking place, as the fledgling Romanian democracy was replaced with the royal dictatorship. This new regime was introduced by King Charles II who, starting from the beginning of his rule (April 8, 1930) had made a concerted effort at introducing a system of authoritarian rule. -
The Long War Free
FREE THE LONG WAR PDF Terry Pratchett,Stephen Baxter | 510 pages | 28 Jan 2014 | HarperTorch | 9780062068699 | English | New York, United States FDD's Long War Journal | A Project of the Foundation for Defense of Democracies Death to the False Emperor! A symbolic hourglass shows the Long War and its slowly shifting balance in favour of the Ruinous Powers by the time of the late 41st Millennium. They intend to achieve the final victory that was denied the Warmaster Horus over ten thousand standard years ago at the end of the Horus Heresy. The events of the Heresy are nothing more than myths and legends to the people of the Imperium in the late 41st Millennium, but for many of the Traitor Marines who dwell within the Eye of Terror where the flow of time moves far slower, the terrible passions of that era are still very much alive. The Heretic Astartes are merciless and brutal warriors The Long War accursed by Human and god alike. Twisted beyond recognition by the fell powers they The Long War, their hatred of all they once held dear is writ large, corrupting The Long War bodies just as The Long War does their souls. In a galaxy full of horrors, the taint of Chaos is the most insidious threat of all. It can infect even the strongest mind and blacken the most innocent soul. The Space Marinesdespite all their transhuman enhancements, are unfortunately no exception to its lure, and those who are seduced by it fall often further than mortal men. Scarred beyond redemption by the terrors of constant war, they devolve into bitter, selfish Champions of the Chaos Gods. -
Romania-Europe-In-Miniature.Pdf
FOREWORD Romanians, Hungarians, Germans, Roma, Ukrainians, Turks, Tatars, Albanians, Armenians, Bulgarians, Croats, Greeks, Jews, Italians, Poles, Lippovan Russians, Serbs, Slovaks, Czechs, Macedonians, Ruthenians – they are citizens of Romania in 2005 and before long citizens of the European Union. Romania’s large array of national minorities, who intermingled for centuries with the majority population, inspired us to conceive Romania as a small scale reproduction of the European mosaic of ethnicities, languages, cultures, beliefs and traditions. This is why we intituled this book Romania, a Europe in miniature. We are bound to Europe through the respect and the openness towards ethno-cultural diversity and the commitment to the same values; therefore we believe in the value we can add to the European human and cultural heritage. Since this is a book about national minorities, it is worth mentioning that the Romanian experience in managing interethnic relations is internationally recognised as a positive practice. Cooperation with other countries and European institutions and organisations in the field is extremely rewarding. The statute of national minorities in Romania is carefully observed since it is one of the political criteria Romania needed to fulfil for accession to the European Union. The steps taken so far have been appreciated accordingly and brought Romania closer to the integration in the European Union. We dedicate this publication to the event of 25 April 2005 when Romania signed the Treaty for accession to the European Union, an event celebrated both by majority population and national minorities. We thank all who made a contribution to producing this publication, launched on Europe Day and included in the Diversity Week in Romania.