COLD WAR FILES Istria 1946 - 1954
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COLD WAR FILES Istria 1946 - 1954 DOKUMENTI IZ HLADNOG RATA Istra 1946. - 1954. Edited by | Uredio: David Orlović COLD WAR FILES Istria 1946-1954 DOKUMENTI IZ HLADNOG RATA Istra 1946. – 1954. Edited by | Uredio: David Orlović Pula | Pola MMXIX Recenzenti | Reviewed by: dr.sc. Alen Tafra (PhD), dr.sc. Orietta Moscarda Oblak (PhD) Language editing | Lektura: Lea Matticchio, Tina Smoljan Published by | Nakladnik: Institut Mediterran, Scalierova ul. 4, 52100 Pula ([email protected]) Publisher | Za nakladnika: Filip Zoričić Print | Tisak: KIKO grafički studio i tisak. Flanatička 11, 52100 Pula Printed in Croatia - Tiskano u Hrvatskoj ISBN 978-953-48498-0-4 CIP zapis dostupan u računalnome katalogu Sveučilišne knjižnice u Puli pod brojem 150209068 Institut Mediterran © David Orlović, 2019. Poglavlje od 35. do 231. stranice je u javnom vlasništvu, osim slika na str. 38, 42, 46, 52, 70, 71, 72, 80, 81, 99, 102, 104, 105, 118, 119, 146, 147, 166, 180, 182, 199, 212, 227. The chapter between pages 35 and 231 is in public domain (information presented on this website[www.cia.gov] is considered public information and may be distributed or copied freely unless identified as being subject to copyright protection. In return, we request only that the Central Intelligence Agency be cited as the source of any information, photos, and images copied from this site and that any photo credits or bylines be similarly credited to the photographer or author), except images on pages 38, 42, 46, 52, 70, 71, 72, 80, 81, 99, 102, 104, 105, 118, 119, 146, 147, 166, 180, 182, 199, 212, 227. Pula | Pola 2019 Contents | Sadržaj Preface ........................................................................................................................................ 5 Predgovor ................................................................................................................................... 7 Introduction: Yugoslavia, the United States and Istria .............................................................. 9 Uvod: Jugoslavija, Sjedinjene Američke Države i Istra .......................................................... 18 Source and Methodology ......................................................................................................... 29 Izvor i metodologija ................................................................................................................. 32 1946 .......................................................................................................................................... 35 1947 .......................................................................................................................................... 39 1948 .......................................................................................................................................... 53 1949 .......................................................................................................................................... 73 1950 ........................................................................................................................................ 101 1951 ........................................................................................................................................ 123 1952 ........................................................................................................................................ 147 1953 ........................................................................................................................................ 213 1954 ........................................................................................................................................ 231 List of Documents | Popis dokumenata i sažeci ..................................................................... 232 Index of geographical locations | Kazalo geografskih lokaliteta ........................................... 261 Thematic index | Tematsko kazalo ......................................................................................... 263 List of sketches and images | Popis planova i slika ................................................................ 265 Abbreviations | Kratice ........................................................................................................... 267 Bibliography | Popis literature ................................................................................................ 268 Riassunto ................................................................................................................................ 271 Cold War Files: Istria 1946 - 1954 | Dokumenti iz Hladnog rata: Istra 1946. - 1954. 5 Preface Any writing of history requires the use of multiple types of sources, from many different sides. This advice can not bypass a history so complex as Istrian – one of a true borderland (terra di confine). The epochal character of the World War II tragedy and the first few years after it marked Istria with an unprecedented historical fracture. These ideologically charged and divisive periods are thirsty for new research based on new sources. Thus, the work presented here is an atypical representation of a specific and crucial period in the history of Istria and the city of Pula (Pola). This collection of documents created in the offices of the US secret service has no desire to give a final say about the first years of post-war Yugoslav rule. The purpose of the publication of this material is to give another contribution to the study of the postwar Yugoslav period of Istrian history following an end to decades-long silence broken by a whole series of new research which emerged only in the last 20 years. The aim is to stimulate a new wave of research on a time that marked a new epoch for Pula and Istria which continues to this present day. The work is divided into three main parts. The introduction deals with the historical context and tackles the methodology and limits of the work. The central section, with each chapter named after a year, from 1946 to 1954, brings 271 document from the CIA archives, wholly or partly linked to the area of Istria. The last part is a technical aid to the processed documentation. Before releasing this text, I feel a duty to thank all the individuals who have helped in various ways during its preparation: Filip Zoričić, Matija Bedrina, Milan Radošević, Stanko Guštin, Lea Matticchio, Josip Vretenar, Giovanni Radossi, Orietta Moscarda Oblak, Leandro Budicin, Alen Tafra, Nikša Minić, Giovanni Falcetta. David Orlović, Pula, March 2019 6 Cold War Files: Istria 1946 - 1954 | Dokumenti iz Hladnog rata: Istra 1946. - 1954. Cold War Files: Istria 1946 - 1954 | Dokumenti iz Hladnog rata: Istra 1946. - 1954. 7 Predgovor Svako pisanje povijesti iziskuje korištenje više tipologija izvora s više različitih strana. Ova misao ne može zaobići povijest tako kompleksnu kao što je ona istarska – pravu graničnu zemlju (terra di confine). Epohalni karakter tragedija Drugoga svjetskog rata i užega poraća Istri je nametnuo prijelom kao rijetko kada u povijesti. Ta ideološki nabijena razdoblja koja dan danas dijele ljude, „vape“ za novim istraživanjima temeljenim na novim izvorima. Djelo koje držite u rukama ili listate na računalnom zaslonu atipičan je prikaz jednog specifičnog povijesnog, ali i ključnog prijelomnog razdoblja u povijesti Istre i Pule. Ovaj zbornik dokumenata nastalih u pisarnicama američke tajne službe nipošto nema želju dati završnu riječ o prvim godinama jugoslavenske vlasti. Cilj je objavljivanja ove građe dati još jedan doprinos u proučavanju poslijeratnog, jugoslavenskog perioda povijesti Istre, nakon razbijanja višedesetljetne šutnje koje nizom novih istraživanja daje svoje prve rezultate tek u posljednjih dvadesetak godina. Cilj je potaknuti novi val istraživanja o vremenu koji je označio novu epohu za Pulu i Istru, a ona se proteže do današnjega dana. Rad je podijeljen u tri glavne cjeline. Uvodni dio donosi povijesni kontekst i obrazlaže metodologiju i ograničenja rada. Središnji dio, s poglavljima naslovljenim godinama od 1946. do 1954., donosi 271 dokument iz arhive CIA-e koji su u potpunosti ili dijelom povezani s područjem Istre. Posljednji je dio tehničko pomagalo za čitanje obrađene dokumentacije. Prije davanja teksta u tisak želja mi je uputiti zahvale osobama koje su na različite načine pomogle u pripremi ovoga rada. Zahvaljujem Filipu Zoričiću, Matiji Bedrini, Milanu Radoševiću, Stanku Guštinu, Lei Matticchio, Giovanniju Radossiju, Orietti Moscarda Oblak, Leandru Budicinu, Josipu Vretenaru, Alenu Tafri, Nikši Miniću i Giovanniju Falcetti. David Orlović, Pula, ožujak 2019. 8 Cold War Files: Istria 1946 - 1954 | Dokumenti iz Hladnog rata: Istra 1946. - 1954. Cold War Files: Istria 1946 - 1954 | Dokumenti iz Hladnog rata: Istra 1946. - 1954. 9 Introduction: Yugoslavia, the United States and Istria US-Yugoslav Relations With an Emphasis on Istria Yugoslavia and the United States found themselves on the same winning side at the end of World War II. However, in its immediate aftermath, amid a new division of the world, these two countries found themselves on opposite sides. Socialist Yugoslavia, a loyal ally of the Stalinist Soviet Union, progressed to Trieste in May 1945 and came to the borders of the US- led influence sphere. In the „Cold War“ division of the world that took shape during the administration of US President Harry S. Truman (1945 - 1953), the said boundary became known as the "Iron Curtain". Yugoslavia soon became a target