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103 Pregled Izvora, Literature I Zbivanja O XI. Robert de Sable (1191. – 1193.) PREGLED IZVORA, LITERATURE I ZBIVANJA O MONGOLSKOJ PROVALI U XII. Gilbert Erail (1194. – 1200.) HRVATSKE ZEMLJE U 13. STOLJEĆU XIII. Philippe de Plessis ( 1201. – 1209.) XIV. Guillaume de Chartres (1210. – 1219.) XV. Pedro de Montaigu (1219. – 1232.) Filozofski fakultet u Splitu, Odsjek za povijest XVI. Armand de Perigord (1232. – 1244.) E-mail: jure.trutanicffst@gmaiJure Trutanićl.com XVII. Richard de Bures (1244. – 1247.) XVIII. Guillaume de Sonnac (1247. – 1250.) Stručni pregledni rad XIX. Renaud de Vichiers (1250. – 1256.) Rad se bavi povijesnim prikazom provale Mongola na hrvatski povijesni prostor u 13. stoljeću. Fokus autora u radu usmjeren je na pregled najznačajnijih izvora i XX. Thomas Berard (1256. – 1273.) literature o ovoj temi te na prikaz povijesnih zbivanja, prilika koje su ih uvjetovale i XXI. Guillaume de Beaujeu (1273. – 1291.) njihove posljedice na društvo Ugarsko-Hrvatskog Kraljevstva u prvoj polovici 13. XXII. Theobald Gaudin (1291. – 1293.) stoljeća. Od narativnih izvora naglasak je stavljen na prvorazredne izvore Historia Salonitana Tome Arhiđakona i Carmen miserabile Rogerija iz Apulije dostupne u XXIII. Jacques de Molay (1293. – 1314.) objavljenoj verziji te na literaturu s naglaskom na postignuća hrvatske historiografije. Cilj je rada predočiti problematiku bavljenja ovom temom iz različitih kutova gledanja isticanjem nesuglasja koja proizlaze iz različitih interpretacija, fragmentarnosti, pa i Bibliografija nedostatka relevantnih povijesnih izvora. Povijesna autentičnost Grobničke bitke Frale, Barbara. Templari. Zagreb: Profil, 2014. ogledni je primjer historiografskog spora vezanog uz provalu Mongola u hrvatske Hodge, S. J. Tajna vitezova templara. Zagreb: Profil, 2013. zemlje budući da se u historiografskim interpretacijama te bitke suprotstavljaju povijesne činjenice legendama i nacionalnim mitovima 19. stoljeća koji su Napier, Gordon. Uspon i pad vitezova templara operacionalizirali postojeću narodnu predaju. Pernoud, Regine. Templari. Split: Verbum, 2005.. Ivančna Gorica: Mozaik knjiga, 2007. Read, Piers Paul. Templari. Zagreb: Stari Grad, 2003. Ključne riječi: mongolska provala u hrvatske zemlje, Bela IV., Bitka na rijeci Opća enciklopedija, sv. 5, 3. Zagreb: Jugoslavenski leksikografski zavod, 1979. Šajo, hrvatska historiografija, Grobnička bitka, Toma Arhiđakon, Rogerije iz Apulije Šentija, Josip, ur. Internetski izvori Uvod http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/259898/Saint-Helena (26. 5. 2015.) Gledajući iz današnje geopolitičke perspektive gotovo je nezamislivo pronaći bilo KNIHTS TEMPLAR: THE POOR FELLOW-SOLDIERS OF CHRIST ND OF THE TEMPLE OF kakveformirala dodirne u samom točke srcu hrvatskih azijskog prostora kontinenta. s državnom No, postav tvorevinomljanjem problema Mongola u povijesni koja se SOLOMON This paper deals with the Templar order, founded to protect pilgrims in the Holy Land, where it left his mark in the Crusades, in order to be abolished in the 14th century under mysterious kontekst srednjeg vijeka, preciznije u 13. stoljeće, može se analizirati sudar dvaju naroda circumstances, which led to various subsequent mysteries about his work. Seemingly an ordinary opsega, sezalo duboko u europski kontinent. Tad su, za vladavine kana Ogataja, pod religious order, which was characterized with humility, obedience and knightly diligence and left a za vrijeme ekspanzije Mongolskog Carstva koje je, u jeku svog najvećeg teritorijalnog mark until today, causing much controversy. All mysteries, which have occurred resulting from - - charges that were addressed to the order and mysterious circumstances and ignorance, has led to the emergence of the real mysteries that still attract the attention of many people. Thus, this paper vrhovnim vojnim zapovjedništvom Batu kana Mongoli došli do granica Ugarsko aims to show the history of the order and events that marked him, including the circumstances of its Hrvatskog Kraljevstva i ozbiljno uzdrmali stabilnost državnopolitičkekog Kraljevstva. tvorevine koja je abolition. konstituirana kao rezultat unije između Hrvatskog i Ugars Keywords: The Knights Templar, The Crusades, masters of the order, Chinon parchment, mongolskuU ovom provalu radu na bit ove će prostore, kratko zatimprikazan zbivanja objektivan koja su prethodilatijek događanja provali vezanih Mongola uz te abolition of the order, heresy, Jacques de Molay posljedice provale. mena hrvatske historiografijeNaglasak o pojedinim u radu postavljendiskutabilnim je napitanjima stajališta vezanim renomiranih uz boravak i 102 103 Mongola na hrvatskim povijesnim prostorima koja još uvijek predstavljaju kamen spoticanja u hrvatskoj historiografiji. Izvori za proučavanje Mongola Podatke o mongolsk oj provali na hrvatski povijesni prostor sredinom 13. stoljeća medievistisvjedoci vremena uglavnom u svojim crpe izvještajimaiz djela Tome opisali Arhiđakona mongolsku i Rogerija navalu iziz prveApulije ruke. koji Kapitalna su kao ajnih predstavnika dalmatinskog kulturnog kruga u razvijenom 185 djelasrednjem te dvojice vijeku svakakoznač su Historia Salonitana Carmen 186 miserabile (Žalosna pjesma). Tome Arhiđakona i Rogerijeva Pri interpretaciji navedenih izvora, osobito Historije Salonitane, treba imati na umu autorova politička opredjeljenja koja dovode u pitanje njegovu nepristranost i objektivnost. Takav pristup interpretaciji djela Tome Arhiđakona zagovara velikmbinira broj 187 povjesničaraone vijesti koje jer jeima očigledno na da se autor u djelu razračunava s oponentima i ko raspolaganju dodajući im izmišljene, ovisnoHistori oje potrebi.Salonitane Nemogućnost parcijalnog korištenja podataka, odnosno postojanje 188 kaospomenutog jedinog izvora.izvora o pojedinim događajima, znatno otežava ispravno vrednovanje Historije Salonitane, ali i Carmen miserabile 189 usporedbomStoga se s autentičnostdrugim izvorima. Primjerice, franjevac Ivan de Plano ,Carpini može potvrditi u svojoj kronici donosi podatke o Mongolima koje je sakupio tijekom misije u srednjoj Az iji. Budući da Mongoli nisu imali izražena religijska uvjerenja koja bi nametali pokorenim narodima, 190 biliuglavnom su prilično franjevci. otvoreni Takoutjecaju se kršćanskei Vilim od religije Rubrucka, koju su flamanski sa sobom frandonosili misionari, jevac u službi 185 Historia Salonitana: povijest salonitanskih i splitskih prvosvećenika U radu je korišten objavljeni izvor: TomaToma Arhiđakon, Arhiđakon i njegovo djelo, krug, 2003. Predgovor, latinski tekst, kritički aparat i prijevod na hrvatski jezik Olga Perić. Povijesni komentar186 Mirjana Matijević Sokol. Studija Carmen miserabileRadoslav, s latinskog Katičić. preveo Split: iKnjiževni priredio 187 U radu je Izkorišten ranije hrvatskeobjavljeni povijesti izvor: ,Rogerije 11. iz Apulije, Mirko188 Sardelić,-Sokol, Zagreb: Toma Matica Arhiđakon, hrvatska, 9. 2010. 189 Margetić,Taj je aspek t obradio Matijević Mirko Sardelić u radu „Europski klerici i misionari o Mongolima: Percepcija 190stepskih Goldstein, barbara Hrvatska u Europi povijest, sredinom 338. 13. stoljeća“ koji nam je značajan po pitanju usporedbe podataka Tome Arhiđakona i Rogerija iz Apulije s ostalim izvorima. 104 Mongola na hrvatskim povijesnim prostorima koja još uvijek predstavljaju kamen 191 spoticanja u hrvatskoj historiografiji. francuskog dvora, zaputio u Karakorum kako bi istražio je li Mongole moguće preobratiti Pri na kršćanstvo te u svojim izvještajima akumulira podatke o mongolskomewa narodu.Parisa u kojoj 192 Izvori za proučavanje Mongola istraživanju pitanja vezanih za Mongole neizostavna je i kronika Matth Takve autor pojedinim opisima Mongola pretjeruje uspoređujući ih s demonima. 193 194 Podatke o mongolsk usporedbe omogućavaju pogled na Mongole očima prestravljenogCarmen srednjovjekovnogmiserabile koju oj provali na hrvatski povijesni prostor sredinom 13. stoljeća čovjeka. Nešto više pozornosti posvetio bih Rogerijevu djelu medievistisvjedoci vremena uglavnom u svojim crpe izvještajimaiz djela Tome opisali Arhiđakona mongolsku i Rogerija navalu iziz prveApulije ruke. koji Kapitalna su kao europski historiografi smatraju jednim od najvrjednijih i najljepših prikaza svih okolnosti ajnih predstavnika dalmatinskog kulturnog kruga u razvijenom vezanihprovali Mongola:uz neku provalunaseljavanje barbara. Kumana Rogerije na ugarskomprecizno opisuje teritoriju, događaje uzroke koji raz su prethodili 185 djelasrednjem te dvojice vijeku svakakoznač su Historia Salonitana Carmen dora između 186 miserabile (Žalosna pjesma). Tome Arhiđakona i Rogerijeva kralja Bele IV. i plemstva, govori o tatarskim vojskovođama, o tatarskom pustošenju Pri interpretaciji navedenih izvora, osobito Historije Salonitane, treba imati na umu susjednihklerike koji zemalja su poginuli i njihovim od mongolske lukavstvima, ruke Bitki te opisujena rijeci kako Šajo, je nabraja sam dospio biskupe u tatarsko i druge autorova politička opredjeljenja koja dovode u pitanje njegovu nepristranost i zarobljeništvo i kako je iz njega pobjegao. objektivnost. Takav pristup interpretaciji djela Tome Arhiđakona zagovara velikmbinira broj Pri obradi ove teme od velikog su značaja bile i isprave kralja Bele IV. kojima kralj 187 povjesničaraone vijesti koje jer jeima očigledno na da se autor u djelu razračunava s oponentima i ko nagrađuje zaslužne velikaše koji su se istaknuli u borbi protiv Mongola. Pomoću raspolaganju dodajući im izmišljene, ovisnoHistori oje potrebi.Salonitane spomenutih isprava moguće je rekonstruirati okolnosti u kojima su izdane. Međutim, Nemogućnost parcijalnog korištenja podataka, odnosno postojanje
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