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A Strategic Study of the Likely Significant Environmental Impact of the Framework Plan and Programme of Exploration and Production of Hydrocarbons in the Adriatic

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A Strategic Study of the Likely Significant Environmental Impact of the Framework Plan and Programme of Exploration and Production of Hydrocarbons in the Adriatic A Strategic Study of the Likely Significant Environmental Impact of the Framework Plan and Programme of Exploration and Production of Hydrocarbons in the Adriatic Zagreb, January 2015 PROJECT DEVELOPER: Ministry of the Economy of the Republic of Croatia Ulica grada Vukovara 78, 10000 Zagreb STUDY DESIGNERS: Ires ekologija d.o.o. za zaštitu prirode i okoliša Prilaz baruna Filipovića 21, 10000 Zagreb COOPERATING INSTITUTION: ZaVita, svetovanje d.o.o. Tominškova 40, SI - 1000 Ljubljana STUDY LEADER: Mirko Mesarić, dipl. ing. biol. COORDINATOR: Jelena Likić, prof. biol. EXPERT TEAM: AUTHOR: COMPONENT Ires ekologija d.o.o. Jelena Likić, prof. biol. Introduction; International and national directives, strategies, plans and programmes; Natural Dr. sc. Toni Safner heritage; Landscape features; Tourism; Fisheries; Petra Peleš, Climate characteristics; Human mag. oecol. et prot. nat. health and quality of life; Marine mag. ing. agr. and seabed pollution; Cultural Marko Doboš, mag. oecol. et prot. nat and historical heritage; Socioeconomic characteristics, Environmental characteristics of Boris Božić,mag. oecol. et prot. nat. the areas that may be affected by the implementation of the Mr. sc. Marijan Gredelj Framework Plan and Programme; Environmental issues relevant for the Mirko Mesarić, dipl. ing. biol.. Framework Plan and Programme; Main assessment; International treaties and Dunja Delić, mag. oecol. agreements; Opinions by bodies and/or entities; Impacts; Ivana Gudac, mag. ing. geol. Measures; Monitoring; Alternative solutions; Work on remaining parts ZaVita, svetovanje d.o.o. Matjaž Harmel, univ. dipl. ing. gozd. Klemen Strmšnik, univ. dipl. geog. Methodology Aleksandra Privšek, univ. dipl. geog. External associates University of Zagreb Prof. dr. sc. Nediljka Faculty of Mining, Geology and Technical aspects of Gaurina-Međimurec Petroleum Engineering, exploration and production of Department for Petroleum hydrocarbons Engineering Prof. dr. sc. Josipa University of Zagreb Subsoil geological and oil- Velić Faculty of Mining, Geology and geological characteristics Petroleum Engineering Prof. dr. sc. Damir Zec University of Rijeka, Economic characteristics – Faculty of Maritime Maritime shipping, maritime Studies in Rijeka transport and waterways Physical Dr. sc. Branko Gelo characteristics, Climate characteristics Dr. sc. Draško Holcer Plavi svijet d.o.o. Kaštel 24, 51551 Veli Lošinj Dr. sc. Peter C. Mackelworth Cetaceans, sea turtles and cartilaginous fish in the Department for Biodiversity, Adriatic Sea Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Dr. sc. Bojan Lazar Primorska, Koper, Institute for Biodiversity Studies, Science and Research Centre, University of Primorska, Koper, Study of Marine Sciences, Juraj Dobrila University of Pula STUDY DESIGNERS´ RESPONSIBLE PERSONS: Ires ekologija d.o.o. Mr. sc. Marijan Gredelj Zagreb, January 2015 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 6 1.1 Strategic environmental impact assessment ................................................................................................................... 2 1.2 Defining the content (scoping) of the Strategic Study of the Framework Plan and Programme ................................. 5 1.3 Consultations carried out during the preparation of the Strategic Study ................................................................... 21 1.4 Main objectives of the Framework Plan and Programme .............................................................................................. 21 1.5 Technical Aspects of Exploration and Production of Hydrocarbons ........................................................................... 21 Correlation between the Framework Plan and Programme and other plans, programmes and directives ................................................................................. 54 2.1 International directives, strategies, planes and programmes ....................................................................................... 55 2.2 National strategies, planes and programmes ................................................................................................................. 59 Data on the existing state of the marine environment and possible development of the environment, without the implementation of the Framework Plan and Programme ........................................................................ 67 3.1 Physical characteristics .................................................................................................................................................... 87 3.2 Chemical features ............................................................................................................................................................ 114 3.3 Climatic features .............................................................................................................................................................. 121 3.4 Geological and petroleum geological features of the underground .......................................................................... 128 3.5 Noise ................................................................................................................................................................................. 141 3.6 Biodiversity ...................................................................................................................................................................... 144 3.7 Marine and seabed pollution .......................................................................................................................................... 153 3.8 Cultural and historical heritage ...................................................................................................................................... 154 3.9 Socioeconomic characteristics ...................................................................................................................................... 155 3.10 Economic characteristics ............................................................................................................................................... 161 3.11 Waste management ......................................................................................................................................................... 194 3.12 Infrastructure ................................................................................................................................................................... 196 3.13 Possible environmental development without the implementation of the Framework Plan and Programme ....... 197 Environmental characteristics of the areas that may be affected by the implementation of the Framework Plan and Programme ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Existing environmental issues pertinent to the Framework Plan and Programme .......................................................................................................... 204 The Main Assessment of the acceptability of the impact of the Framework Plan and Programme for the Ecological Network ............................................ 209 6.1 Characteristics of the ecological network areas .......................................................................................................... 210 6.2 Characteristics of impacts arising from implementation of the Framework Plan and Programme on the ecological network ............................................................................................................................................................................. 227 6.3 Presentation of other suitable options (alternative solutions) and impacts of the alternative solutions on the conservation objectives and integrity of the ecological network area ...................................................................... 236 6.4 Mitigation measures for adverse effects of the Framework Plan and Programme implementation on the conservation objectives and integrity of the ecological network area ...................................................................... 239 6.5 Conclusion on the impact of the Framework Plan and Programme on the ecological network ............................. 241 Environmental protection objectives established following the conclusion of international treaties and agreements, which refer to the Framework Plan and Programme ........................................................................................................... 242 Environmental Impact of the Framework Plan and Programme ..................... 247 8.1 Overview of Hydrocarbon Exploration and Production Operations with Regard to Their Potential Environmental Impacts ............................................................................................................................................................................. 248 8.2 Environmental goals and indicators for the impact assessment ............................................................................... 250 8.3 FPP implementation impact assessment ...................................................................................................................... 251 Alternative solutions ........................................................................................... 318 9.1 Block corrections arising from conflicts with nautical tourism .................................................................................
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