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The Broadview Anthology of BRITISH LITERATURE Volume 3 The The Broadview Anthology of BRITISH LITERATURE Volume 3 The Restoration and the Eighteenth Century GENERAL EDITORS Joseph Black, University of Massachusetts Leonard Conolly, Trent University Kate Flint, Rutgers University Isobel Grundy, University of Alberta Don LePan, Broadview Press Roy Liuzza, University of Tennessee Jerome J. McGann, University of Virginia Anne Lake Prescott, Barnard College Barry V. Quails, Rutgers University Claire Waters, University of California, Davis broadview press CONTENTS PREFACE XVII ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xxv INTRODUCTION TO THE RESTORATION AND THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY xxix Religion, Government, and Party Politics xxx Empiricism, Skepticism, and Religious Dissent xxxm Industry, Commerce, and the Middle Class xxxvi Ethical Dilemmas in a Changing Nation XL Print Culture XLV Poetry XLIX Theater LIII The Novel LVI The Development of the English Language LXII HISTORY OF THE LANGUAGE AND OF PRINT CULTURE LXV MARGARET CAVENDISH 1 The Poetess's Hasty Resolution 3 An Excuse for so Much Writ Upon My Verses 3 Of the Theme of Love 3 A Woman Drest by Age 3 A Dialogue Betwixt the Body and the Mind '. 3 The Hunting of the Hare 4 from The Description of a New World, Called the Blazing World 6 from To the Reader 6 The Description of a New World, Called the Blazing World 6 [The Lady Becomes Empress] 7 [The Empress Brings the Duchess of Newcastle to be Her Scribe] 9 [The Duchess and the Empress Create their Own Worlds] 9 The Epilogue to the Reader 11 from Sociable Letters 11 Letter 55 11 Letter 143 12 Letter 163 13 The Convent of Pleasure 13 from A True Relation of My Birth, Breeding, and Life (Website) JOHN AUBREY (Website) from Brief Lives Francis Bacon, Viscount St. Albans VIII BROADVIEW ANTHOLOGY OF BRITISH LITERATURE John Milton Andrew Marvell JOHN BUNYAN 32 from The Pilgrim's Progress 34 The Author's Apology for His Book 34 from The Second Part 55 JOHN DRYDEN 69 Absalom and Achitophel 71 Mac Flecknoe; Or, a Satire upon the True-Blue-Protestant Poet, T.S 86 Religio Laici or A Layman's Faith (excerpts) 90 To the Memory of Mr. Oldham 91 A Song for St. Cecilia's Day 92 Cymon and Iphigenia, from Boccace 93 from An Essay of Dramatic Poesy 101 SAMUEL PEPYS 112 from The Diary (September 1-5, 1666) 114 IN CONTEXT: Other Accounts of the Great Fire 119 The Great Fire of London, 1666 from The London Gazette (Setpember 3-10, 1666) 120 CONTEXTS: MIND AND GOD, FAITH AND DOUBT 124 from John Locke, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding (1689) 126 from Book 2, "Of Ideas," Chapter 1 126 from Book 2, Chapter 23 127 from Mary Astell, A Serious Proposal to the Ladies (1694) 128 from Judith Drake, An Essay in Defense of the Female Sex (1696) 129 from Eliza Haywood, The Female Spectator No. 10 (February 1745) 131 from The Spectator No. 7 (March 8, 1711) 132 Isaac Watts, "Against Idleness and Mischief (1715) 133 Isaac Watts, "Man Frail, and God Eternal" (1719) 133 from David Hume, An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding (1748) 134 from Section 10: "Of Miracles" 134 from James Boswell, The Life of Samuel Johnson (1791) 135 APHRA BEHN 139 The Disappointment 140 On a Juniper Tree, Cut Down to Make Busks 142 The Feigned Courtesans (Website) Oroonoko: or, The Royal Slave. A True History 144 WILLIAM WYCHERLEY 179 The Country Wife 180 CONTENTS IX JOHN WILMOT, EARL OF ROCHESTER 231 A Satire On Charles II 232 A Satire against Reason and Mankind 233 Love and Life: A Song 235 The Disabled Debauchee 236 A Letter from Artemisia in the Town to Chloe in the Country 237 The Imperfect Enjoyment 240 Impromptu on Charles II 241 IN CONTEXT: The Lessons of Rochester's life (Website) DANIEL DEFOE 242 A True Relation of the Apparition of One Mrs. Veal 244 from Robinson Crusoe 248 Chapter Four 249 Chapter Five 258 Chapter Six 265 IN CONTEXT: Illustrating Robinson Crusoe 271 from A Journal of the Plague Year 273 ANNE FINCH, COUNTESS OF WINCHILSEA 283 from The Spleen: A Pindaric Poem 284 The Introduction 285 A Letter to Daphnis, April 2, 1685 286 To Mr. E, Now Earl of W. 286 The Unequal Fetters 288 By neer resemblance that Bird betray'd 288 A Nocturnal Reverie 289 MARY ASTELL 290 from A Serious Proposal to the Ladies . 291 Reflections Upon Marriage 297 from The Preface 297 JONATHAN SWIFT 302 A Description of a City Shower 304 Stella's Birthday [written in the year 1718] 305 Stella's Birthday (1727) 305 The Lady's Dressing Room 307 Verses on the Death of Dr Swift, D.S.P.D 309 from Gulliver's Travels 317 Part One—A Voyage To Lilliput 317 Part Two— A Voyage to Brobdingnag 346 Part Three-—A Voyage to Laputa (Website) Part Four—A Voyage to the Country of The Houyhnhnms 378 x BROADVIEW ANTHOLOGY OF BRITISH LITERATURE IN CONTEXT: Gulliver's Travels in its Time 413 from Letter from Swift to Alexander Pope, 29 September 1725 413 from Letter from Swift to Alexander Pope, 26 November 1725 414 Letter from "Richard Sympson" to Benjamin Motte, 8 August 1726 415 from Letter from John Gay and Alexander Pope to Swift, 17 November 1726 416 from Letter from Alexander Pope to Swift, 26 November 1726 417 A Modest Proposal 417 IN CONTEXT: Sermons and Tracts: Backgrounds to "A Modest Proposal" .... 422 from Jonathan Swift, "Causes of the Wretched Condition of Ireland" (1726) 422 from Jonathan Swift, A Short View of the State of'Ireland (17'27) 423 JOSEPH ADDISON 427 from The Spectator 428 No. 285, Saturday, January 26, 1712 [On the Language of Paradise Lost] 428 No. 414, Wednesday, June 25, 1712 [Nature, Art, Gardens] 432 JOHN GAY (Website) The Beggar's Opera ALEXANDER POPE 434 Windsor-Forest 436 The Rape of the Lock: An Heroi-Comical Poem in Five Cantos 443 To Mrs. Arabella Fermor 443 Canto 1 444 Canto 2 446 Canto 3 449 Canto 4 451 Canto 5 454 Elegy to the Memory of an Unfortunate Lady 456 Eloisa To Abelard 458 from An Essay on Man 463 The Design 463 Epistle 1 463 Epistle 2 468 An Epistle from Mr. Pope to Dr. Arbuthnot 472 Epistle 2. To a Lady 479 LADY MARY WORTLEY MONTAGU 485 Saturday. The Small Pox 486 The Reasons that Induced Dr. S. to Write a Poem called The Lady's Dressing Room 488 The Lover: A Ballad 489 Epistle from Mrs. Yfonge] to Her Husband 490 CONTENTS XI The Spectator No. 573, July 28, 1714 [From the President of the Widow's Club] . 491 A Plain Account of the Inoculating of the Smallpox by a Turkey Merchant 494 Selected Letters . 495 To Wortley [28 March 1710] 495 To Philippa Mundy 25 Sept. [1711] 496 To Philippa Mundy [c. 2 Nov. 1711] 497 To Wortley [c. 26 July 1712] 497 From Wortley [13 Aug. 1712] 498 To Wortley [15 Aug. 1712] 499 To Wortley [15 Aug. 1712] 499 To Lady Mar 17 Nov. [1716] 500 To Lady 1 April [1717] 500 To Lady Mar 1 April [1717] 502 To [Sarah Chiswell] 1 April [1717] 504 To Alexander Pope [Sept. 1718] 505 To Lady Mar [Sept. 1727] 506 To Lady Bute 5 Jan. [1748] 507 To Lady Bute 19 Feb. [1750] 507 To Wortley 10 Oct. [1753] 509 To Lady Bute [30 Nov. (?) 1753] 509 To Sir James Steuart [14 Nov. 1758] 511 ELIZA HAYWOOD 513 Fantomina: or, Love in a Maze 514 IN CONTEXT: The Eighteenth-Century Sexual Imagination 529 from A Present for a Servant-Maid (1743) 529 from Venus in the Cloister; or, The Nun in Her Smock (1725) 531 CONTEXTS: PRINT CULTURE, STAGE CULTURE 533 from Nahum Tate, The History of King Lear (1681) 535 from Act 5 535 from Colley Cibber, An Apology for the Life of Mr. Colley Cibber (1740) 536 from Jeremy Collier, A Short View of the Immorality and Profaneness of the English Stage (1698) 537 Introduction 537 from Chapter 1, The Immodesty of the Stage 537 from Chapter 4, The Stage-Poets Make Their Principal Persons Vicious and Reward Them at the End of the Play 538 from Joseph Addison, The Spectator No. 18 (March 21, 1711) 539 from The Licensing Act of 1737 540 from The Statute of Anne (1710) 541 from James Boswell, The Life of Samuel Johnson (1791) 543 Joseph Addison, The Tatler No. 224 (September 14, 1710) 543 from Samuel Johnson, The Idler No. 30 (November 11, 1758) 545 from Clara Reeve, "Evening 7," from The Progress of Romance, through Times, XII BROADVIEW ANTHOLOGY OF BRITISH LITERATURE Countries, Manners; with Remarks on the Good and Bad Effects of it, on them Respectively; in a Course of Evening Conversations (1785) 546 from James Lackington, Memoirs of the Forty-Five First Years of the Life of James Lackington, Bookseller (1792) 547 from Thomas Erskine, Speech as Prosecution in the Seditious-Libel Trial of Thomas Williams for Publishing Age of Reason, by Thomas Paine (1797) 549 JAMES THOMSON 550 Winter 551 Rule, Britannia 557 SAMUEL JOHNSON 558 The Vanity of Human Wishes: The Tenth Satire of Juvenal Imitated 560 On the Death of Dr. Robert Levett 565 from The Rambler No. 4 [ON FICTION] 565 No. 12 [CRUELTY OF EMPLOYERS] 568 No. 60 [ON BIOGRAPHY] 571 No. 155 [ON BECOMING ACQUAINTED WTTH OUR REAL CHARACTERS] 573 from The Idler No. 26 [BETTY BROOM] 576 No. 29 [BETTY BROOM, CONT.] 577 No. 31 [ON IDLENESS] 578 No. 49 [WILL MARVEL] 580 No. 81 [ON NATIVE AMERICANS] 581 from A Dictionary of the English Language 582 The Preface 582 Selected Entries 585 from The Preface to The Works of William Shakespeare 586 from Lives of the English Poets 593 from John Milton 593 from Alexander Pope 597 Letters 600 To Mrs.
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