The Broadview Anthology of

BRITISH LITERATURE

Volume 3 The Restoration and the Eighteenth Century

GENERAL EDITORS

Joseph Black, University of Massachusetts Leonard Conolly, Trent University Kate Flint, Rutgers University Isobel Grundy, University of Alberta Don LePan, Broadview Press Roy Liuzza, University of Tennessee Jerome J. McGann, University of Virginia Anne Lake Prescott, Barnard College Barry V. Quails, Rutgers University Claire Waters, University of California, Davis

broadview press CONTENTS

PREFACE XVII

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xxv

INTRODUCTION TO THE RESTORATION AND THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY xxix Religion, Government, and Party Politics xxx Empiricism, Skepticism, and Religious Dissent xxxm Industry, Commerce, and the Middle Class xxxvi Ethical Dilemmas in a Changing Nation XL Print Culture XLV Poetry XLIX Theater LIII The Novel LVI The Development of the English Language LXII

HISTORY OF THE LANGUAGE AND OF PRINT CULTURE LXV

MARGARET CAVENDISH 1 The Poetess's Hasty Resolution 3 An Excuse for so Much Writ Upon My Verses 3 Of the Theme of Love 3 A Woman Drest by Age 3 A Dialogue Betwixt the Body and the Mind '. 3 The Hunting of the Hare 4 from The Description of a New World, Called the Blazing World 6 from To the Reader 6 The Description of a New World, Called the Blazing World 6 [The Lady Becomes Empress] 7 [The Empress Brings the Duchess of Newcastle to be Her Scribe] 9 [The Duchess and the Empress Create their Own Worlds] 9 The Epilogue to the Reader 11 from Sociable Letters 11 Letter 55 11 Letter 143 12 Letter 163 13 The Convent of Pleasure 13 from A True Relation of My Birth, Breeding, and Life (Website)

JOHN AUBREY (Website) from Brief Lives Francis Bacon, Viscount St. Albans VIII BROADVIEW ANTHOLOGY OF BRITISH LITERATURE

John Milton Andrew Marvell

JOHN BUNYAN 32 from The Pilgrim's Progress 34 The Author's Apology for His Book 34 from The Second Part 55

JOHN DRYDEN 69 Absalom and Achitophel 71 Mac Flecknoe; Or, a Satire upon the True-Blue-Protestant Poet, T.S 86 Religio Laici or A Layman's Faith (excerpts) 90 To the Memory of Mr. Oldham 91 A Song for St. Cecilia's Day 92 Cymon and Iphigenia, from Boccace 93 from An Essay of Dramatic Poesy 101

SAMUEL PEPYS 112 from The Diary (September 1-5, 1666) 114 IN CONTEXT: Other Accounts of the Great Fire 119 The Great Fire of London, 1666 from The London Gazette (Setpember 3-10, 1666) 120

CONTEXTS: MIND AND GOD, FAITH AND DOUBT 124 from John Locke, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding (1689) 126 from Book 2, "Of Ideas," Chapter 1 126 from Book 2, Chapter 23 127 from Mary Astell, A Serious Proposal to the Ladies (1694) 128 from Judith Drake, An Essay in Defense of the Female Sex (1696) 129 from Eliza Haywood, The Female Spectator No. 10 (February 1745) 131 from The Spectator No. 7 (March 8, 1711) 132 Isaac Watts, "Against Idleness and Mischief (1715) 133 Isaac Watts, "Man Frail, and God Eternal" (1719) 133 from David Hume, An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding (1748) 134 from Section 10: "Of Miracles" 134 from James Boswell, The Life of Samuel Johnson (1791) 135

APHRA BEHN 139 The Disappointment 140 On a Juniper Tree, Cut Down to Make Busks 142 The Feigned Courtesans (Website) Oroonoko: or, The Royal Slave. A True History 144

WILLIAM WYCHERLEY 179 The Country Wife 180 CONTENTS IX

JOHN WILMOT, EARL OF ROCHESTER 231 A Satire On Charles II 232 A Satire against Reason and Mankind 233 Love and Life: A Song 235 The Disabled Debauchee 236 A Letter from Artemisia in the Town to Chloe in the Country 237 The Imperfect Enjoyment 240 Impromptu on Charles II 241 IN CONTEXT: The Lessons of Rochester's life (Website)

DANIEL DEFOE 242 A True Relation of the Apparition of One Mrs. Veal 244 from Robinson Crusoe 248 Chapter Four 249 Chapter Five 258 Chapter Six 265 IN CONTEXT: Illustrating Robinson Crusoe 271 from A Journal of the Plague Year 273

ANNE FINCH, COUNTESS OF WINCHILSEA 283 from The Spleen: A Pindaric Poem 284 The Introduction 285 A Letter to Daphnis, April 2, 1685 286 To Mr. E, Now Earl of W. 286 The Unequal Fetters 288 By neer resemblance that Bird betray'd 288 A Nocturnal Reverie 289

MARY ASTELL 290 from A Serious Proposal to the Ladies . 291 Reflections Upon Marriage 297 from The Preface 297

JONATHAN SWIFT 302 A Description of a City Shower 304 Stella's Birthday [written in the year 1718] 305 Stella's Birthday (1727) 305 The Lady's Dressing Room 307 Verses on the Death of Dr Swift, D.S.P.D 309 from Gulliver's Travels 317 Part One—A Voyage To Lilliput 317 Part Two— A Voyage to Brobdingnag 346 Part Three-—A Voyage to Laputa (Website) Part Four—A Voyage to the Country of The Houyhnhnms 378 x BROADVIEW ANTHOLOGY OF BRITISH LITERATURE

IN CONTEXT: Gulliver's Travels in its Time 413 from Letter from Swift to Alexander Pope, 29 September 1725 413 from Letter from Swift to Alexander Pope, 26 November 1725 414 Letter from "Richard Sympson" to Benjamin Motte, 8 August 1726 415 from Letter from John Gay and Alexander Pope to Swift, 17 November 1726 416 from Letter from Alexander Pope to Swift, 26 November 1726 417 A Modest Proposal 417 IN CONTEXT: Sermons and Tracts: Backgrounds to "A Modest Proposal" .... 422 from Jonathan Swift, "Causes of the Wretched Condition of Ireland" (1726) 422 from Jonathan Swift, A Short View of the State of'Ireland (17'27) 423

JOSEPH ADDISON 427 from The Spectator 428 No. 285, Saturday, January 26, 1712 [On the Language of Paradise Lost] 428 No. 414, Wednesday, June 25, 1712 [Nature, Art, Gardens] 432

JOHN GAY (Website) The Beggar's Opera

ALEXANDER POPE 434 Windsor-Forest 436 The Rape of the Lock: An Heroi-Comical Poem in Five Cantos 443 To Mrs. Arabella Fermor 443 Canto 1 444 Canto 2 446 Canto 3 449 Canto 4 451 Canto 5 454 Elegy to the Memory of an Unfortunate Lady 456 Eloisa To Abelard 458 from An Essay on Man 463 The Design 463 Epistle 1 463 Epistle 2 468 An Epistle from Mr. Pope to Dr. Arbuthnot 472 Epistle 2. To a Lady 479

LADY MARY WORTLEY MONTAGU 485 Saturday. The Small Pox 486 The Reasons that Induced Dr. S. to Write a Poem called The Lady's Dressing Room 488 The Lover: A Ballad 489 Epistle from Mrs. Yfonge] to Her Husband 490 CONTENTS XI

The Spectator No. 573, July 28, 1714 [From the President of the Widow's Club] . . 491 A Plain Account of the Inoculating of the Smallpox by a Turkey Merchant 494 Selected Letters . . 495 To Wortley [28 March 1710] 495 To Philippa Mundy 25 Sept. [1711] 496 To Philippa Mundy [c. 2 Nov. 1711] 497 To Wortley [c. 26 July 1712] 497 From Wortley [13 Aug. 1712] 498 To Wortley [15 Aug. 1712] 499 To Wortley [15 Aug. 1712] 499 To Lady Mar 17 Nov. [1716] 500 To Lady 1 April [1717] 500 To Lady Mar 1 April [1717] 502 To [Sarah Chiswell] 1 April [1717] 504 To Alexander Pope [Sept. 1718] 505 To Lady Mar [Sept. 1727] 506 To Lady Bute 5 Jan. [1748] 507 To Lady Bute 19 Feb. [1750] 507 To Wortley 10 Oct. [1753] 509 To Lady Bute [30 Nov. (?) 1753] 509 To Sir James Steuart [14 Nov. 1758] 511

ELIZA HAYWOOD 513 Fantomina: or, Love in a Maze 514 IN CONTEXT: The Eighteenth-Century Sexual Imagination 529 from A Present for a Servant-Maid (1743) 529 from Venus in the Cloister; or, The Nun in Her Smock (1725) 531

CONTEXTS: PRINT CULTURE, STAGE CULTURE 533 from Nahum Tate, The History of King Lear (1681) 535 from Act 5 535 from Colley Cibber, An Apology for the Life of Mr. Colley Cibber (1740) 536 from Jeremy Collier, A Short View of the Immorality and Profaneness of the English Stage (1698) 537 Introduction 537 from Chapter 1, The Immodesty of the Stage 537 from Chapter 4, The Stage-Poets Make Their Principal Persons Vicious and Reward Them at the End of the Play 538 from Joseph Addison, The Spectator No. 18 (March 21, 1711) 539 from The Licensing Act of 1737 540 from The Statute of Anne (1710) 541 from James Boswell, The Life of Samuel Johnson (1791) 543 Joseph Addison, The Tatler No. 224 (September 14, 1710) 543 from Samuel Johnson, The Idler No. 30 (November 11, 1758) 545 from Clara Reeve, "Evening 7," from The Progress of Romance, through Times, XII BROADVIEW ANTHOLOGY OF BRITISH LITERATURE

Countries, Manners; with Remarks on the Good and Bad Effects of it, on them Respectively; in a Course of Evening Conversations (1785) 546 from James Lackington, Memoirs of the Forty-Five First Years of the Life of James Lackington, Bookseller (1792) 547 from Thomas Erskine, Speech as Prosecution in the Seditious-Libel Trial of Thomas Williams for Publishing Age of Reason, by Thomas Paine (1797) 549

JAMES THOMSON 550 Winter 551 Rule, Britannia 557

SAMUEL JOHNSON 558 The Vanity of Human Wishes: The Tenth Satire of Juvenal Imitated 560 On the Death of Dr. Robert Levett 565 from The Rambler No. 4 [ON FICTION] 565 No. 12 [CRUELTY OF EMPLOYERS] 568 No. 60 [ON BIOGRAPHY] 571 No. 155 [ON BECOMING ACQUAINTED WTTH OUR REAL CHARACTERS] 573 from The Idler No. 26 [BETTY BROOM] 576 No. 29 [BETTY BROOM, CONT.] 577 No. 31 [ON IDLENESS] 578 No. 49 [WILL MARVEL] 580 No. 81 [ON NATIVE AMERICANS] 581 from A Dictionary of the English Language 582 The Preface 582 Selected Entries 585 from The Preface to The Works of William Shakespeare 586 from Lives of the English Poets 593 from John Milton 593 from Alexander Pope 597 Letters 600 To Mrs. Thrale (London, 10 July 1780) 600 To Mrs. Thrale (Bolt Court, Fleet Street, 19 June 1783) 600 To Mrs. Thrale (2 July 1784) 602 To Mrs. Thrale (London, 8 July 1784) 602

THOMAS GRAY 603 Ode on a Distant Prospect of Eton College 604 Ode on the Death of a Favourite Cat, Drowned in a Tub of Gold Fishes 606 Sonnet on the Death of Mr. Richard West 606 Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard 607 The Bard (Website) CONTENTS XIII

POPULAR BALLADS 610 Robin Hood and Alan a Dale 610 Edward, Edward 613 Tarn Lin 614 The Death of Robin Hood 618 A Lyke-Wake Dirge 619 Mary Hamilton 620

HORACE WALPOLE 622 The Castle ofOtranto 623 Chapter 1 623 Chapter 2 633 Chapter 3 643 Chapter 4 652 Chapter 5 661 IN CONTEXT: The Origins of The Castle ofOtranto 669 from a Letter by Walpole to the Reverend William Cole, 9 March 1765 669 IN CONTEXT: Reactions to The Castle ofOtranto 670 from The Monthly Review, or, Literary Journal Volume 32 (1764) 670 from The Monthly Review, or, Literary Journal Volume 32 (1765) 671 from William Warburton, a footnote to line 146 of Alexander Pope's poem First Epistle to the Second Book of Horace Imitated, in Warburton's edition of Pope's verse 671 from William Hazlitt, "On the English Novelists" (1819) 671 from Sir Walter Scott, "Introduction" to the 1811 edition of The Castle ofOtranto 672

WILLIAM COLLINS (Website) Ode to Fear

CHRISTOPHER SMART 674

from Jubilate Agno [MY CAT JEOFFRY] 675

CONTEXTS: COLONIZATION AND SLAVERY (Website)

OLIVER GOLDSMITH 677 The Deserted Village 678 WILLIAM COWPER 684 Light Shining Out of Darkness 685 from The Task 685 Advertisement 685 from Book 1: The Sofa 686 from Book 6: the Winter Walk at Noon 688 The Castaway 691 xiv BROADVIEW ANTHOLOGY OF BRITISH LITERATURE

The Retired Cat 692 On The Loss of the Royal George 693 My Mary 694

JAMES BOSWELL (Website) from London Journal Introduction from The Life of Samuel Johnson

LABORING-CLASS POETS 695 Stephen Duck 695 The Thresher's Labour 695 Mary Collier 699 The Woman's Labour: To Mr. Stephen Duck 699 Mary Leapor 702 An Epistle to a Lady 702 To a Gentleman with a Manuscript Play 703 Crumble Hall 704 Elizabeth Hands 707 On the Supposition of an Advertisement Appearing in a Morning Paper, of the Publication of a Volume of Poems, by a Servant Maid 707

CONTEXTS: TOWN AND COUNTRY 709 Joseph Addison, The SpectatorNo. 69 (May 19, 1711) 711 from Daniel Defoe, "On Trade" (from The Complete English Tradesman), Letter 22, "Of the Dignity of Trade in England more than in other Countries" (1726) . . . 712 from Eliza Haywood, The Female TatlerNo. 9 Ouly 25-27, 1709) 714 from Eliza Haywood, The Female TatlerNo. 67 (December 7-9, 1709) 715 from Anonymous, The Character of a Coffee-House, with the Symptoms of a Town-Wit (1673) 716 from Anonymous, Coffee-Houses Vindicated (1675) 717 from Richard Steele, The Spectator No. 155 (August 28, 1711) 717 William Hogarth, Marriage A-la-Mode 719 Joseph Addison, The Spectator No. 119 (July 17, 1711) 725 from Joseph Addison, The Spectator No. 414 (June 25, 1712) 730 from Alexander Pope, Letter to Edward Blount (2 June 1725) 732 from Edmund Burke, A Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and the Beautiful (1757) 733 Of the Sublime 733 Of the Passion Caused by the Sublime 733 The Sublime and Beautiful Compared 734

HESTER THRALE PIOZZI 735 from Hester Thrale's Journal 736 Selected Letters (Website) CONTENTS XV

To Samuel Johnson (4 July 1784) To Samuel Johnson (15 July 1784) To the Ladies of Liangollen (2 May 1800) To the Reverend Leonard Chappelow (13 May 1800) To the Reverend Robert Gray (13 May 1801) To the Reverend Robert Gray (13 May 1801) To the Reverend Chappelow (18 June 1804) To Penelope Sophia Pennington (19 August 1804)

OLAUDAH EQUIANO OR GUSTAVUS VASSA 742 from The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano 743 IN CONTEXT: Reactions to Olaudah Equiano's Work from The Analytic Review, May 1789 751 from The Gentleman's Magazine, June 1789 751 from The Monthly Review, June 1789 751 from The General Magazine and Impartial Review, July 1789 751

RICHARD BRINSLEY SHERIDAN 753 The School for Scandal 755

FRANCES BURNEY 799 The Witlings 801 IN CONTEXT: Journals and Letters 859 from Letter: Frances Burney to Susanna Burney, 3 September 1778 859 from Letter: Frances Burney to Dr. Charles Burney, c. 13 August 1779 .... 859 from Oliver Goldsmith's "An Essay on the Theatre; or, a Comparison between Laughing and Sentimental Comedy" (1773) 860

PHILLIS WHEATLEY (Website) To the Right Honorable William, Earl of Dartmouth On Being Brought from Africa to America To the King's Most Excellent Majesty On the Death of the Reverend Mr. George Whitefield A Farewell to America: To Mrs. S.W. A Funeral Poem on the Death of C.E., an Infant of Twelve Months To S.M., a Young African Painter, on Seeing His Works IN CONTEXT: Letters Concerning Black or Slave Writers