DOCSLIB.ORG

Concepts of the ´Scientific Revolution´: an Analysis of the Historiographical Appraisal of the Traditional Claims of Science

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Concepts of the ´Scientific Revolution´: an Analysis of the Historiographical Appraisal of the Traditional Claims of Science UNIVERSITAT DE LES ILLES BALEARS Department of Philosophy Concepts of the ´Scientific Revolution´: An analysis of the historiographical appraisal of the traditional claims of science Doctoral thesis presented by: John Onyekachi Nnaji Official Doctoral Programmme in Philosophy Palma, June 2013. UNIVERSITAT DE LES ILLES BALEARS Department of Philosophy Concepts of the ´Scientific Revolution´: An analysis of the historiographical appraisal of the traditional claims of science Doctoral thesis John Onyekachi Nnaji Doctorand Prof. Dr. José Luis Luján López Thesis Director The ´Scientific Revolution´ is probably the single most important unifying concept in the history of science (Osler, 2000, 3) TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgment INTRODUCTION AND THESIS SUMMARY: 1.1 PRELIMINARY DISCUSSION ………………………………………………….…….1 1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM ……………………………………………...........4 1.3 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK AND HYPOTHESIS ..……………….……..….......6 1.4 OBJECTIVES …………………………………………………………………..…........8 1.5 METHODOLOGY ……………………………………………………………..…....…9 1.6 EVALUATION AND CONCLUSION .……………………………………………......11 SECTION I HISTORIOGRAPHY OF THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION: CHAPTER ONE 1.1 HISTORY OF THE CONCEPT OF SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION ……………....….13 1.1.1 THE MEANING OF REVOLUTION IN ANCIENT GREEK ……………….....….....14 1.1.2 NOTIONS OF REVOLUTION IN THE MEDIEVAL AND RENAISSANCE CONTEXT………………………………………………………………………...…....15 1.1.3 REVOLUTION AS A CONCEPT OF ´ABRUPT CHANGE´ IN THE ENLIGHTENMENT PERIOD …………………………………………………..…….17 1.2 SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION AS A DUAL SENSE ´PHILOSOPHICALLY GENERAL´ AND ´HISTORICALLY UNIQUE´ CONCEPT…………………..…….20 1.3 EXPANSION OF THE CONCEPT …………………………………………….……..22 1.4 TWO TRADITIONS OF ACCOUNT OF THE SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS ….………26 1.4.1 PHILOSOPHICAL OVERVIEW OF THE SCIENTIFIC ADVANCEMENT .………27 1.4.2 HISTORICAL OVERVIEW OF THE SCIENTIFIC IDEAS IN EARLY MODERN SCIENCE ……………………………………………………………………...……….30 1.5 THE POSITIVIST MODEL ……………………………………………….…..………34 1.6 THE SOCIOLOGIST NARRATIVE ………………………………………..………...36 1.7 CONVENTIONALIST NARRATIVE ……………………………………...…………39 1.8 EVALUATION AND CONCLUSION ………………………………………………..40 CHAPTER TWO 2.1 HISTORICIST ACCOUNTS OF THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION ……..…………42 2.2 ´DISCONTINUIST´ HISTORIOGRAPHY OF THE KOYRÉAN THESIS ……….….46 2.2.1 PHILOSOPHICAL PURPOSES OF AN ANALYTICAL TOOL ………..……..…….49 2.2.2 GALILEO AND THE ARISTOTELIAN PHYSICS. ………….…………….….…….51 2.2.3 KOYRÉ´S INTERNALIST APPROACH ………………………….………….……....54 2.3 ´CONTINUIST´ HISTORIOGRAPHY OF THE DUHEM THESIS ……..……………56 2.3.1 THE CONTINUITY THESIS ………………………………………………….……...57 2.3.2 THE ROLE OF THE PARIS TERMINIST ……………………………..…………….59 2.3.2.1 JEAN BURIDAN ……………………………………………………………..…....….60 2.3.2.2 NICOLE ORESME ……………………………………………………………..……..60 2.3.3 CONTINUITY THESIS EXPANDED …………………………………………...……61 2.3.4 INHERENT WEAKNESS OF THE DUHEM THESIS ………………………………..64 2.5 PERIODISATION OF THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION ……………………..……66 2.5.1 THE BUTTERFIELD THESIS ………………………………………………….……68 2.5.2 HISTORICAL OVERVIEW AND ´WHIGGISHISM´ OF THE ORIGINS …….…..…70 2.6 ALFRED RUPERT HALL—HALL THESIS …………………………………..……..71 2.6.1 SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION AS MAINSTREAM OF RATIONAL SCIENTIFIC DEVELOPMENT ………………………………………………………………..…….73 2.6.2 CHANGE OF DATE ……………………………………………………………..……76 2.7 TERRITORIST HISTORIOGRAPHY OF THE NEEDHAM THESIS …………...…..77 2.7.1 CHINESE CONTRIBUTIONS TO SCIENCE AND TECHONOLOGY …………..…78 2.7.2 SCIENTIFIC AND TECHONOLOGICAL STAGNATION IN CHINA ……..…….…80 2.7.2.1 WHY SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION DID NOT HAPPEN IN CHINA ………..……...82 2.8 MERTON THESIS: PURITANISM AND THE RISE OF MODERN SCIENCE ..…...84 2.8.1 ´MERTON REVISITED´ …………………………………………………………..….86 2.9 MARXIST HISTORIOGRAPHY OF BORRIS HESSEN THESIS ………………..…88 2.9.1 CLASSICAL MARXIST HISTORIOGRAPHY OF SCIENCE ……………….…..….90 2.10 HERMETICIST HISTORIOGRAPHY OF FRANCES YATES THESIS …………..…91 2.11 STEVEN SHAPIN´S VIEW OF THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION ……………..…92 2.11.1 MECHANISM ………………………………………………………………………....93 2.11.2 OBJECTIVITY ……………………………………………………………………..….94 2.11.3 METHODOLOGY ………………………………………………………….………....95 2.11.4 IMPARTIALITY …………………………………………………………………..…..96 2.11.5 ALTRUISM ………………………………………………………………………...….97 2.11.6 THE ANTHROPOCENTRISM OF THE ARISTOTELIAN NATURAL PHILOSOPHY ………………………………………………………………………...97 2.11.7 MECHANIC—CORPUSCULARIANISM …………………………………..……….98 2.11.8 SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION AS METHODOLOGICAL DYNAMISM ………..…..99 2.12 THOMAS S. KUHN—THE KUHNIAN THESIS ……………………………...……100 2.12.1 WHAT IS PARADIGM? ………………………………………………………..……101 2.12.2 THREE PHASES OF THE SCIENTIFIC ENTERPRISE ……………………..…….103 2.12.3 PRE-PARADIGM PHASE …………………………………………………..………104 2.12.4 NORMAL SCIENCE ………………………………………………………..……….104 2.12.5 REVOLUTIONARY SCIENCE ……………………………………………..……....106 2.12.6 THE ROLE OF ANOMALIES IN SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERIES …………..………106 2.12.7 THEORY OF INCOMMENSURABILITY …………………………………...……..107 2.12.8 IMPLAUSIBILITY OF THE FALSIFIABLITY THEORY …………………..……..108 2.12.9 QUINTESSENCE OF SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION ……………………….………110 2.13 KUHN AND SHAPIN THESES IN CLOSE PERSPECTIVE ………………..….….112 2.13.1 SCIENTIFIC OBJECTIVITY ………………………………………………..………114 2.13.2 THE PROBLEM OF METHOD ……………………………………………..………116 2.13.3 IMPARTIALITY OF SCIENTIFIC JUDGEMENT ……………………………..…..118 2.13.4 POINTS OF SIMILITUDE AND DIVERGENCE …………………………..………120 2.14 EVALUATION AND CONCLUSION ………………………………..……….…….121 SECTION II SCIENTIFIC CLAIMS AND PROGRESS: CHAPTER THREE 3.1 ´SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION´ AND THE TRADITIONAL CLAIMS OF SCIENCE …………………………………………………………………..….……..125 3.2 SCIENTIFIC RATIONALITY ……………………………………….…..……...…...128 3.2.1 FORMAL RATIONALITY ……………………………………………….…………130 3.2.1.1 CONFIRMATIONISM ……………………………………………………..………..130 3.2.1.2 FALSIFICATIONISM ……………………………………………………….………132 3.2.2 INFORMAL RATIONALITY ……………………………………………..………...134 3.2.2.1 HISTORICIST THEORY OF SCIENTIFIC RATIONALITY ……………..….…….135 3.2.2.2 HISTORY AND SCIENTIFIC RATIONALITY …………………………………….137 3.3 SCIENTIFIC TRUTH ………………………………………………………………..138 3.3.1 LINGUISTIC AMBIVALENCE ………………………………..……………..…..…139 3.4 SCIENTIFIC OBJECTIVITY ……………………………………..…………………142 3.5 SCIENTIFIC REALISM ………………………………………….………………….143 3.5.1 THE MIRACLE ARGUMENT ……………………………………..………….…….144 3.5.2 CUMULATIVITY OF SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS …………………..………………146 3.6 NATURALISTIC APPROACH OF THE KUHIAN ´PARADIGM´ …..…………....148 CHAPTER FOUR 4.1 THEORETICAL MODELS OF THE ´HISTORICIST´ HISTORIOGRAPHY ..…....154 4.2 PHYSICO-MATHEMATICAL CURRENT ……………………………..………......159 4.2.1 THE SYNTHESIS OF MECHANICO-CORPUSCULARISM WITH MATHEMATICS ………………………………………………………….…………160 4.2.2 SCIENTIFIC TRUTH: METAPHYSICAL OR PROGRAMMATIC? ……….….….166 4.2.3 MATHEMATICAL CONCEPTUALISATION AND PHYSICAL REALITY ….....169 4.3 THE ´INNER LOGIC´ ARGUMENT …………………………………………..….170 4.3.1 EXTRA-SCIENTIFIC IDEAS ……………………………………………………...173 4.4 EXTERNALISM ………………………………………………………….………...176 4.5 HERMENEUTIC CONTEXTUALISM …………………………………..……..…..181 4.6 THE ROLE OF HISTORY IN THE ´SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION´ …….………...183 SECTION III SCIENTIFIC PROCESSES AND UNIVERSALITY OF SCIENCE: CHAPTER FIVE 5.1 UNIVERSALITY OF MODERN SCIENCE …………………………..…………….186 5.2 FACTS AND SCIENTIFIC STATEMENTS ABOUT NATURE ….………..………188 5.3 ´STRONG LOCALISM´ THEORY ………………………………………………….192 5.4 UNIVERSALITY OF SCIENCE AS A PHILOSOPHICAL IDEA …………………195 5.5 EPISTEMOLOGICAL ASPECT OF THE UNIVERSALITY OF SCIENCE ………196 5.6 THE SOCIAL ASPECT …………………………………………………….…….….199 5.7 HISTORICAL ASPECT OF SCIENCE EXPANSION ………………………..…….200 5.8 THE ROLE OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS …………………………………….201 CONCLUSION 1.1 THE IMPORTS OF HISTORICISM ………………………………….…..…………204 1.2 THE ´INSIDE OF SCIENCE´ ……………………………………..…..…..…………207 1.3 ´INTERACTIONIST EPITEMOLOGY ……………………..…..…..……………….209 BIBLIOGRAPHY ………………………………………………………………….…………210 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This work would not have been successfully realised, at this time, without the scholarship awarded to me by the University of the Balearic Islands, Spain. I am deeply grateful for the university authorities´ trust in my capacity to execute properly such enormous academic task. My supervisor, Prof. Dr. José Luis Luján López, scrutinized this work and provided me with sufficient useful advice on how to improve the earlier drafts of the work. I am really inspired by his intellectual audacity and wizardry. I appreciate, in a very special way, the helpful suggestions and encouragement from my colleagues and most of the lecturers in the department. I also acknowledge the supports from friends, especially, Prof. Dr. Obiora Ike, Dr. Celestine Ogbonna, Toni Vadell i Ferrer, Carles Seguí i Pou and Mateu Ferrer i Socias. My family also offered me wonderful encouragement all these years. I am most grateful for the affectionate supports from my parents, Mr & Mrs. Christopher Nnaji, and my sisters; Engr. Oluchi Nnaji, Mrs. Helen Ozioko & family and Mrs. Cecilia Odogbo & family. I thank you all. 1 INTRODUCTION AND THESIS SUMMARY: 1.1 PRELIMINARY DISCUSSION Scientific Revolution refers to the period, from the late sixteenth to the early eighteenth century in Europe, when new ideas in physics, astronomy, biology, human anatomy, chemistry, and other sciences led to the rejection of doctrines that had prevailed from ancient Greece through the middle Ages. It has been described as the movement which was forged by Johannes Kepler (1571- 1630) and Galileo Galilei (1564- 1642), developed by René Descartes (1596- 1650) and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646- 1716), and completed by Isaac Newton (1642- 1727).1 The unprecedented advancements in science during the early modern period yielded to enormous transformation
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 1 the Problem of Life's Definition the Philosophical Literature Is Positively
    Chapter 1. The Problem of Life's Definition The 'mystery' of consciousness today is in roughly the same shape that the mystery of life was before the development of molecular biology or the mystery of electromagnetism was before Clerk-Maxwell's equations. It seems mysterious because we do not know how the system of neuro-physiology/ consciousness works, and an adequate knowledge of how it works would remove the mystery. (Searle 1992, 101-2) The philosophical literature is positively rife1 with claims similar to those made in the epigraph, claims to the effect that the nature of life no longer presents interesting philosophical questions. The field of Artificial Life — a field which bears essentially the relationship to biology that Artificial Intelligence research bears to psychology2 — is currently bringing the nature of life and 1 In addition to Searle's comment, see Searle (1997, 201), Cornman (1992, 5), Crane (1995, 4-5), McGinn (1991, 6, 8, & 45), & Chalmers (1996, 25). The view is commonplace in science as well. Boyce Resenberg says, "life is just so much chemistry and physics", and he quotes biologist Harold Erikson as saying, "The secret of life is not a secret anymore. We have known for twenty or thirty years now that life is not more mysterious than the chemical reactions on which it is based." Cell biologist Tom Pollard is quoted as saying (what may be something quite different) that "What molecular biologists have believed for two generations is now generally regarded as proved beyond any doubt. Life is entirely the result of physics and chemistry inside cells and among cells" (Rensberger 1996, 25.
    [Show full text]
  • Boris Hessen: Physics and Philosophy in the Soviet Union, 1927–1931 Neglected Debates on Emergence and Reduction Series: History of Physics
    springer.com Chris Talbot, Olga Pattison (Eds.) Boris Hessen: Physics and Philosophy in the Soviet Union, 1927–1931 Neglected Debates on Emergence and Reduction Series: History of Physics Presents key works by the outstanding Soviet philosopher of science Boris Hessen, available in English for the first time Revives important ideas that were lost after the author's execution by Stalin in 1936 Adds essential new perspectives to current debates on emergence This book presents key works of Boris Hessen, outstanding Soviet philosopher of science, 1st ed. 2021, IX, 169 p. 7 illus., 1 illus. in available here in English for the first time. Quality translations are accompanied by an editors' color. introduction and annotations. Boris Hessen is known in history of science circles for his “Social and Economic Roots of Newton’s Principia” presented in London (1931), which inspired new Printed book approaches in the West. As a philosopher and a physicist, he was tasked with developing a Hardcover Marxist approach to science in the 1920s. He studied the history of physics to clarify issues 119,99 € | £109.99 | $149.99 such as reductionism and causality as they applied to new developments. With the [1] 128,39 € (D) | 131,99 € (A) | CHF philosophers called the “Dialecticians”, his debates with the opposing “Mechanists” on the issue 141,50 of emergence are still worth studying and largely ignored in the many recent works on this eBook subject. Taken as a whole, the book is a goldmine of insights into both the foundations of 96,29 € | £87.50 | $109.00 physics and Soviet history.
    [Show full text]
  • A Philosophical and Historical Analysis of Cosmology from Copernicus to Newton
    University of Central Florida STARS Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 2017 Scientific transformations: a philosophical and historical analysis of cosmology from Copernicus to Newton Manuel-Albert Castillo University of Central Florida Part of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine Commons Find similar works at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd University of Central Florida Libraries http://library.ucf.edu This Masters Thesis (Open Access) is brought to you for free and open access by STARS. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 by an authorized administrator of STARS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STARS Citation Castillo, Manuel-Albert, "Scientific transformations: a philosophical and historical analysis of cosmology from Copernicus to Newton" (2017). Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019. 5694. https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd/5694 SCIENTIFIC TRANSFORMATIONS: A PHILOSOPHICAL AND HISTORICAL ANALYSIS OF COSMOLOGY FROM COPERNICUS TO NEWTON by MANUEL-ALBERT F. CASTILLO A.A., Valencia College, 2013 B.A., University of Central Florida, 2015 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the department of Interdisciplinary Studies in the College of Graduate Studies at the University of Central Florida Orlando, Florida Fall Term 2017 Major Professor: Donald E. Jones ©2017 Manuel-Albert F. Castillo ii ABSTRACT The purpose of this thesis is to show a transformation around the scientific revolution from the sixteenth to seventeenth centuries against a Whig approach in which it still lingers in the history of science. I find the transformations of modern science through the cosmological models of Nicholas Copernicus, Johannes Kepler, Galileo Galilei and Isaac Newton.
    [Show full text]
  • Hungarian Refugee Scientists in Defense of the Autonomy
    THE INTERCONNECTEDNESS OF THE SOCIAL AND NATURAL SCIENCES: HUNGARIAN REFUGEE SCIENTISTS IN DEFENSE OF THE AUTONOMY OF SCIENCE By Csaba Olasz Submitted to Central European University Department of History In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts CEU eTD Collection Supervisor: Professor Karl Hall Second reader: Professor Emese Lafferton Copyright in the text of this thesis rests with the Author. Copies by any process, either in full or part, maybe made only in accordance with the instructions given by the Author and lodged in the Central European Library. Details may be obtained from the librarian. This page must form a part of any such copies made. Further copies made in accordance with such instructions may not be made without the written permission of the Author. CEU eTD Collection i ABSTRACT The contribution of foreign born scientists to the building of the first Atomic bomb is well-known. That a number of theoretical physicist involved in the Manhattan Project continued taking an active part in the politicization of nuclear physics of post war America were also refugees is, perhaps, less so. This essay considers the public engagement of Hungarian born scientists in a broader historical context that has shaped their professional trajectories. Discussing themes as family backgrounds, (forced?) migration, totalitarian systems, personal ambitions, technical brilliance, socio-economic relations of science and government as well as nuclear defense politics, I point out that my protagonists have become agencies in and of the transformation that science politics had been undergoing at the time. The shared experience as Atomic scientists of Eugene Wigner and Leo Szilard is the departure point from which an analysis of personal and socio-political factors is used to interpret any discrepancies in the rationale behind, and the nature of, their public engagement.
    [Show full text]
  • A Brief Tour Into the History of Gravity: from Emocritus to Einstein
    American Journal of Space Science 1 (1): 33-45, 2013 ISSN: 1948-9927 © 2013 Science Publications doi:10.3844/ajssp.2013.33.45 Published Online 1 (1) 2013 (http://www.thescipub.com/ajss.toc) A Brief Tour into the History of Gravity: From Emocritus to Einstein Panagiotis Papaspirou and Xenophon Moussas Department of Physics, Section of Astrophysics, Astronomy and Mechanics, University of Athens, Athens, Greece ABSTRACT The History of Gravity encompasses many different versions of the idea of the Gravitational interaction, which starts already from the Presocratic Atomists, continues to the doctrines of the Platonic and Neoplatonic School and of the Aristotelian School, passes through the works of John Philoponus and John Bouridan and reaches the visions of Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei. Then, the major breakthrough in the Theory of Motion and the Theory of Gravity takes place within the realm of Isaac Newton’s most famous Principia and of the work of Gottfried Leibniz, continues with the contributions of the Post- newtonians, such as Leonhard Euler, reaches the epoch of its modern formulation by Ernst Mach and other Giants of Physics and Philosophy of this epoch, enriches its structure within the work of Henry Poincare and finally culminates within the work of Albert Einstein, with the formulation of the Theory of Special Relativity and of General Relativity at the begin of the 20th century. The evolution of the Theory of General Relativity still continues up to our times, is rich in forms it takes and full of ideas of theoretical strength. Many fundamental concepts of the Epistemology and the History of Physics appear in the study of the Theory of Gravity, such as the notions of Space, of Time, of Motion, of Mass, in its Inertial, Active Gravitational and Passive Gravitational form, of the Inertial system of reference, of the Force, of the Field, of the Riemannian Geometry and of the Field Equations.
    [Show full text]
  • The Copernican Revolution (1957) Is a Decidedly Non-Revolutionary Astronomer Who Unwittingly Ignited a Conceptual Revolution in the European Worldview
    Journal of Applied Cultural Studies vol. 1/2015 Stephen Dersley The Copernican Hypotheses Part 1 Summary. The Copernicus constructed by Thomas S. Kuhn in The Copernican Revolution (1957) is a decidedly non-revolutionary astronomer who unwittingly ignited a conceptual revolution in the European worldview. Kuhn’s reading of Copernicus was crucial for his model of science as a deeply conservative discourse, which presented in The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1962). This essay argues that Kuhn’s construction of Copernicus and depends on the suppression of the most radical aspects of Copernicus’ thinking, such as the assumptions of the Commentariolus (1509-14) and the conception of hypothesis of De Revolutionibus (1543). After comparing hypo- thetical thinking in the writings of Aristotle and Ptolemy, it is suggested that Copernicus’ concep- tual breakthrough was enabled by his rigorous use of hypothetical thinking. Keywords: N. Copernicus hypothesis, T. S. Kuhn, philosophy of science Stephen Dersley, University of Warwick, Faculty of Social Sciences Alumni, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom, e-mail: [email protected] Kuhn’s Paradigm n The Copernican Revolution, Thomas Kuhn was at pains to construct an image of ICopernicus as a decidedly non-revolutionary astronomer. Kuhn’s model of scientific revolutions, first embodied in The Copernican Revolution and then generalised to the status of a theory in The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, conceives of science as be- 100 Stephen Dersley ing, for the majority of the time, a deeply conservative activity. In Kuhn’s model, scien- tists who are engaged in the business of doing every day scientific work do so at the behest of of a reigning paradigm that completely dictates their field of enquiry and functions as an imperceptible intellectual strait-jacket.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter One Concerning Motion in General
    EULER'S MECHANICA VOL. 1. Chapter one. Translated and annotated by Ian Bruce. page 1 Chapter One Concerning Motion In General. [p. 1] DEFINITION 1. 1. Motion is the translation of a body from the place it occupies to another place. Truly rest is a body remaining at the same place. Corollary 1. 2. Therefore the ideas of the body remaining at rest and of moving to other places cannot be entertained together, except that they occupy a place. Whereby the place or position the body occupies shall be a property of the body, that can be said to be possible only for that body, and that the body is either moving or at rest. Corollary 2. 3. And this idea of moving or of being at rest is a property of a body that relates to all bodies. For no body is able to exist that is neither moving nor at rest. DEFINITION 2. 4. The place [occupied by a body] is a part of the immense or boundless space which constitutes the whole world. In this sense the accepted place is accustomed to be called the absolute place [p. 2], in order that it may be distinguished from a relative place, of which mention will soon be made. Corollary 1. 5. Therefore, when a body occupies successively one part and then another, of this immense space, then it is said to be moving ; but if it continues to be present at the same place always, then it is said to be at rest. Corollary 2. 6. Moreover, it is customery to consider fixed boundaries of this space, to which bodies can be referred.
    [Show full text]
  • Shakespeare in Geneva
    Shakespeare in Geneva SHAKESPEARE IN GENEVA Early Modern English Books (1475-1700) at the Martin Bodmer Foundation Lukas Erne & Devani Singh isbn 978-2-916120-90-4 Dépôt légal, 1re édition : janvier 2018 Les Éditions d’Ithaque © 2018 the bodmer Lab/université de Genève Faculté des lettres - rue De-Candolle 5 - 1211 Genève 4 bodmerlab.unige.ch TABLE OF CONTENts Acknowledgements 7 List of Abbreviations 8 List of Illustrations 9 Preface 11 INTRODUctION 15 1. The Martin Bodmer Foundation: History and Scope of Its Collection 17 2. The Bodmer Collection of Early Modern English Books (1475-1700): A List 31 3. The History of Bodmer’s Shakespeare(s) 43 The Early Shakespeare Collection 43 The Acquisition of the Rosenbach Collection (1951-52) 46 Bodmer on Shakespeare 51 The Kraus Sales (1970-71) and Beyond 57 4. The Makeup of the Shakespeare Collection 61 The Folios 62 The First Folio (1623) 62 The Second Folio (1632) 68 The Third Folio (1663/4) 69 The Fourth Folio (1685) 71 The Quarto Playbooks 72 An Overview 72 Copies of Substantive and Partly Substantive Editions 76 Copies of Reprint Editions 95 Other Books: Shakespeare and His Contemporaries 102 The Poetry Books 102 Pseudo-Shakespeare 105 Restoration Quarto Editions of Shakespeare’s Plays 106 Restoration Adaptations of Plays by Shakespeare 110 Shakespeare’s Contemporaries 111 5. Other Early Modern English Books 117 NOTE ON THE CATALOGUE 129 THE CATALOGUE 135 APPENDIX BOOKS AND MANUscRIPts NOT INCLUDED IN THE CATALOGUE 275 Works Cited 283 Acknowledgements We have received precious help in the course of our labours, and it is a pleasure to acknowl- edge it.
    [Show full text]
  • Continuity Thesis in World System History - B
    WORLD SYSTEM HISTORY – One World System or Many: Continuity Thesis in World System History - B. K. Gills and R. A. Denemark ONE WORLD SYSTEM OR MANY: THE CONTINUITY THESIS IN WORLD SYSTEM HISTORY B. K. Gills School of Geography, Politics and Sociology, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK R. A. Denemark Department of Political Science and International Relations, University of Delaware, USA Keywords: continuity, historical materialism, center-periphery-hinterland complex, hegemony, super-hegemony, oikos, humanocentrism. Contents 1. Continuity in World History 2. Historical Materialism 3. Economic Cycles 4. Core-Periphery Hierarchies 5. Hegemony and Super-Hegemony 6. Continuity Thesis and Historical Dialectics 6.1. Capital versus Oikos 6.2. Unfree Labor versus Free Commodified Labor 6.3. Organization versus Entropy 7. Humanocentrism Glossary Bibliography Biographical Sketches Summary The continuity thesis in world system history expresses the idea of long-term historical continuity in contrast to the idea of perpetual change and progression through a series of epoch-alteringUNESCO transformations. This perspective – hasEOLSS important conceptual roots in non- western philosophical traditions. Drawing much inspiration from historical materialism, the continuity thesis nonetheless problematizes any hypothesized transition to capitalism. There are vital processes that remain unchanged across the period of the alleged transition,SAMPLE and the model itself is (poor CHAPTERSly) drawn from the experience of a single world region. Important characteristics of the thesis include concern for economic cycles, the development of core-periphery-hinterland complexes, hegemony and super- hegemony, a set of three dialectical tensions including capital versus oikos, unfree labor versus free commodified labor, and organization versus entropy. In contradistinction to the profoundly Eurocentric nature of much contemporary social thought, the continuity thesis is humanocentric.
    [Show full text]
  • Invention, Memory, and Place
    !"#$"%&'"()*$+',-()."/)01.2$ 34%5',6789):/;.,/)<=)>.&/ >'4,2$9)?,&%&2.1)!"@4&,-()A'1=)BC()D'=)B)6<&"%$,()BEEE8()FF=)GHIJGKB 04L1&75$/)L-9)The University of Chicago Press >%.L1$)MNO9)http://www.jstor.org/stable/1344120 322$77$/9)EHPEKPBEGE)GE9QE Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=ucpress. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. The University of Chicago Press is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Critical Inquiry. http://www.jstor.org Invention, Memory, and Place Edward W. Said Over the past decade, there has been a burgeoning interest in two over- lapping areas of the humanities and social sciences: memory and geogra- phy or, more specifically, the study of human space.
    [Show full text]
  • Newton.Indd | Sander Pinkse Boekproductie | 16-11-12 / 14:45 | Pag
    omslag Newton.indd | Sander Pinkse Boekproductie | 16-11-12 / 14:45 | Pag. 1 e Dutch Republic proved ‘A new light on several to be extremely receptive to major gures involved in the groundbreaking ideas of Newton Isaac Newton (–). the reception of Newton’s Dutch scholars such as Willem work.’ and the Netherlands Jacob ’s Gravesande and Petrus Prof. Bert Theunissen, Newton the Netherlands and van Musschenbroek played a Utrecht University crucial role in the adaption and How Isaac Newton was Fashioned dissemination of Newton’s work, ‘is book provides an in the Dutch Republic not only in the Netherlands important contribution to but also in the rest of Europe. EDITED BY ERIC JORINK In the course of the eighteenth the study of the European AND AD MAAS century, Newton’s ideas (in Enlightenment with new dierent guises and interpre- insights in the circulation tations) became a veritable hype in Dutch society. In Newton of knowledge.’ and the Netherlands Newton’s Prof. Frans van Lunteren, sudden success is analyzed in Leiden University great depth and put into a new perspective. Ad Maas is curator at the Museum Boerhaave, Leiden, the Netherlands. Eric Jorink is researcher at the Huygens Institute for Netherlands History (Royal Dutch Academy of Arts and Sciences). / www.lup.nl LUP Newton and the Netherlands.indd | Sander Pinkse Boekproductie | 16-11-12 / 16:47 | Pag. 1 Newton and the Netherlands Newton and the Netherlands.indd | Sander Pinkse Boekproductie | 16-11-12 / 16:47 | Pag. 2 Newton and the Netherlands.indd | Sander Pinkse Boekproductie | 16-11-12 / 16:47 | Pag.
    [Show full text]
  • The Epistemology Under Locke's Corpuscularianism
    THE EPISTEMOLOGY UNDER LOCKE’S CORPUSCULARIANISM Michael Jacovides 1. MACHINES AS MODELS OF INTELLIGIBILITY The intelligibility of our artifacts suggests to many seventeenth century thinkers that nature works along analogous lines, that the same principles that explain the operations of artifacts explain the operations of natural bodies.1 We may call this belief ‘corpuscularianism’ when conjoined with the premise that the details of the analogy depend upon the sub-microscopic textures of ordinary bodies and upon the rapidly moving, imperceptibly tiny corpuscles that surround these bodies.2 Locke’s sympathy for corpuscularianism comes out clearly where he describes the implications of our inability to perceive the sub-microscopic world. If we could, he conjectures, various perplexities would be unknotted. We would solve mysteries of pharmacology, since did we know the Mechanical affections of the Particles of Rhubarb, Hemlock, Opium, and a Man, as a Watchmaker does those of a Watch, whereby it performs its Opera- tions, and of a File which by rubbing on them will alter the Figure of any of the Wheels, we should be able to tell before Hand, that Rhubarb will purge, Hemlock kill, and Opium make a man sleep; as well as a Watch-maker can, that a little piece of Pa- per, laid on the Balance, will keep the Watch from going, till it be removed; or that some small part of it, being rubb’d by a file, the Machin would quite lose its Motion, and the Watch go no more3 (4.3.25). Locke borrows the expression ‘mechanical affections’ from Robert Boyle, who uses it to denote mo- tion, size, figure, and arrangement of parts “because to them men willingly refer the various opera- tions of mechanical engines”4.
    [Show full text]