The Lake Erie Ledger A Publication of the Society of the War of 1812 in the State of Ohio

July 2015 Organized January 8, 1895 Volume 28, Number 2 Ohio Society to host annual research day

The Society of the War of 1812 in the State of Ohio will host its summer meeting and its 10th annual re- search day on 11 July 2015 at the Ohio Genealogical Society Library, Bellville, Ohio. This is a golden opportunity to have potential new members attend where they can receive help with their applications and their lineage. The library is open from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. The meet- ing will begin at noon and it is asked that those attend- ing the meeting please be at the library by 11 a.m. so that orders can be taken for box lunches. These lunches will be served during the meeting. Attendees may also bring their own lunches.

Taps for Compatriot John Latham John William Latham of Rocky River, Ohio, passed away on 19 May 2015 at the age of 80. He became a mem- ber of the Society of the War Directions of 1812 in the State of Ohio on Take I-71 to Mansfield to Exit 165 7 November 2007. John was a 1957 graduate Take State Route 97 east towards Bellville of The Ohio State University The OGS library is approximately 1.5 miles where he was a member of east on the right side of SR 97. Sigma Chi Fraternity. He served his country in the Army John Latham Reserves and was self-employed as a real estate ap- praiser in the Cleveland area. Ohio Society Raffle He was a member of the Sons of the American Revolution, the Order of the Founders and Patriots of The drawing will be held during the July 2015 meet- America, The General Society of Mayflower Descen- ing. Tickets are $2 each or six for $10 and they can be dants, The Huguenot Society of America, Lakewood- purchased from Paul Morehouse. Rocky River Rotary, Gardeners of Greater Cleveland, and the General Society of the War of 1812. • War of 1812 Bicentennial Medal and War of 1812 He is survived by his children, James, Diane, and Bicentennial Medal (Miniature) (value $85.00) Craig, along with five grandchildren. • Deep Water Sailors, Shallow Water Soldiers (Value $10.95) • Pewter plate from the 2003 Triennial Your 2016 dues are now due!

Page 2 The Lake Erie Ledger July 2015 Society of the War of 1812 Ohio Society publishes “Black in the State of Ohio’s Officers Regulars in the War of 1812” President — Craig V. Fisher The Society of the War of 1812 in the State of Ohio 5545 Woodridge Drive Toledo, OH 43623-1061 has released its newest book, Black Regulars in the War (419)-882-5841 of 1812. This book can be obtained from Heritage [email protected] Books, Inc. (http://www.heritagebooks.com). Heritage Books has also published the other books produced for Vice President — Richard Davis the Ohio Society. 741 Red Bud Ave Cincinnati, OH 45229 The Black American (513) 751-3739 soldier was a rarity be- [email protected] tween the Revolution- ary War and the Civil Secretary-Treasurer — Richard Juergens War. When Congress 104 LaVine Drive passed the Militia Act Woodville, OH 43469-1434 [email protected] of 1792, it required that “every free able-bodied Registrar/Genealogist — Lee Martin white male citizen” join 3575 Edwards Road South his state militia. It was Greenwich, OH 44837 implied that non-whites [email protected] could not participate in Vice President General for Ohio — Richard Davis the militia but it left open the possibility that Surgeon General—Dr. David R. Rudy non-whites could join 1633 Timber Lake Drive Delaware, OH 43015 the U.S. Army. [email protected] The U.S. Army did permit Blacks to serve in the army, but only as cooks or officer’s servants between Graves Registration — Robert E. Grim the two wars. Cracks in these restrictions appeared for a 5367 State Road 72 South short time during the War of 1812. Congress passed An Sabina, OH 45169-9425 (937) 584-4622 Act for Completing the Existing Military Establishment [email protected] on 24 December 1811 in which is stated that only “able bodied men” may be recruited in the army. No restric- Immediate Past President — Keith D. Ashley tions for race will appear in any military legislation 34465 Crew Road Pomeroy, OH 45769-9715 passed during the War of 1812. Without proper rules and regulations governing this Marshal — Dale Colburn issue of recruiting Black soldiers, some commanders in 33884 Highland Road the army did recruit Blacks. This work identifies 398 Pomeroy, OH 45769-9648 Black men who did enlist in the U.S. Army during the (740) 992-5628 War of 1812 and another fifty-two men who may have Info Tech Chairman — Craig V. Fisher been Black due to their physical descriptions as found in their enlistment papers. The majority of these men Editor—Eric E. Johnson were soldiers and not cooks or servants. Judge Advocate — William E. Huber II P.O. Box 298 St. Mary’s, OH 45885-0298 [email protected] The Lake Erie Ledger

Historian — John H. Smith Published three times a year by the 705 Bentwood Drive Society of the War of 1812 in the State of Ohio Lima, OH 45805-3001 [email protected] Eric E. Johnson, Editor

Chaplain — Rev. C. George Fry 377 Nantucket Drive 158 West Union Street Avon Lake, OH 44012-2803 Circleville, OH 43113-1965 (440) 933-5434 (740) 474-8445 [email protected]

Page 3 The Lake Erie Ledger July 2015

President’s Message Craig Fisher Something about a man in uniform: The image of war in the old northwest Tracing the path of your Ohio 1812 ancestor is chal- When Captain Nearing lenging and full of personal gratification for the mem- died at Fort Meigs, Major ber and his family. It can be the collective accounting of Tod itemized his belong- a number of primary sources such as pension records ings in a letter and discharge papers. to the Secretary of War. In addition to personal items What is often missing from these written records is such as combs and the "appearance" of the Ohio 1812 veteran. I am not brushes, Nearing owned a talking about those lucky enough to have their likeness silk sash, a coat, a dress recorded in their twilight years. The challenge for the coat, four pairs of panta- Ohio Society member is formulating an image in our loons, six shirts, one velvet mind's eye of our wartime ancestor in uniform. vest, a silver cord and tas- For Ohio veterans this is particularly challenging. sel, an epaulet, and two Ohio was a young state with few resources to draw on. pairs of boots. His weap- Little is know of the prewar militias that sprung up in ons included two pocket the towns and villages of the new state of Ohio. Avail- pistols, a silver hilted sword, and a silver able tools for defining the veteran's wartime appearance mounted dirk.135 Near- are diary descriptions, newspaper accounts, as well as ing’s comrades purchased the documented personal items of deceased soldiers. many of his items So many first-person recollections by Ohio soldiers (Lieutenant Hoffman paid in the field are full of the sights and sounds of the strug- $15 for the sword) and the gle they experienced. Often missing from these ac- proceeds, amounting to counts are descriptions of the soldiers themselves; what $146.13, were forwarded to they wore and what they carried into battle. the War Department for A concept sketch of an I have been working with James T. Brenner a fellow dispersal to Captain Near- Ohio Militia Soldier from Ohioan as well as a writer and researcher of the Ohio ing’s family. Marietta wearing a "blue -Tod Papers, MS 3203, soldiers of the 1812 conflict. Below are some of the rare dyed hunting shirt WRHS. trimmed with white fringe written "snapshots" that Jim has cited from field re- ports. The militia levies that and wearing grey flannel gaitered overalls from the In terms of regulars... were raised in Ohio com- Cincinnati arsenal (Ft.

posed the bulk of the state's Washington) He is shown The Articles of War required company com- veterans. These citizen- manders to report deceased soldiers’ per- wearing black leather ac- sonal soldiers were called out in coutrements and a fed- effects so that the War Department could a matter of weeks to be eral issue canteen. compensate the soldier’s survivors ready to march. Ohio, being a frontier state, took the (or representatives as they were called) with road of least resistance to quickly clothe their soldiers the monetary cost of the items. Captain which often meant civilian clothing, complimented with Joel Collins of the 26th Regiment described the personal effects of seven of his soldiers a fringed hunting shirt.

who died at Sandwich in December 1813. In addition to his musket and bayonet, a sol- Private Samuel Henry, who was typical of dier’s accouterments consisted of a car- the group, possessed, “1 cap, cord, and tas- tridge box and belt; bayonet scabbard and sels; 1 plate; cockade and eagle; 2 pair belt; gun sling; brush and pricker; ball screw; shoes; 1 pair woolen overalls; 1 linen jacket; 1 and screwdriver worth a combined total of woolen vest; 1 shirt; 1 pair linen overalls; 1 $13.00. Inspection reports noted the quantity pair gaiters and buttons; 1 pair fatigue over- of each in a company with an annotation of alls; 1 blanket; 1 coat.” All the soldiers had the number missing. Other items of per- fatigue overalls and frocks, blankets, knap- sonal equipment included a knapsack, a can- sacks, socks, stocks and clasps, and shoes, teen, blanket, and a haversack. Typically, but only four had hat plates. the recruit received these items at the rendez- -Collins to SW, Sandwich, 13 Dec 1813, vous point, but such was not always the case. M221, Roll 57, NARA -J Brenner Continued on page 7

Page 4 The Lake Erie Ledger July 2015 Children of American POWs who died at Quebec God bless the six American children, all three years John Guiles, son of Private Joseph and Eleanor Guiles, and under, who died on the British prison ships off the 1st Infantry, age 3 years, died on 12 October 1812. City of Quebec during the War of 1812. Women and Jane Whitelock, daughter of Sergeant John Whitelock, children were not always protected from the horrors of 1st Infantry, age 2 years, died on 12 October 1812. war and this war was no exception. There were Ameri- Lucinda Weir, daughter of Private David and Ann Weir, can women and children serving as prisoners of war 4th Regiment of U.S. Infantry, age 13 months, died along with their fathers and husbands from 1812 on 14 Oct 1812. through 1815 in British prisoner of war facilities. They Stephen Ingalls, son of Private Amos and Abigail In- suffered the same fate and hardships as their men. Our galls, 4th Infantry, age 2 years and 6 months, died history has forgotten them! on 14 Oct 1812. During the war, the British captured three American forts: Fort Mackinac, Territory of Michigan, on 17 July These Americans were captured after the fall of Fort 1812, Fort Detroit, Territory of Michigan, on 16 August Detroit and transported to Quebec. They were later re- 1812 and Fort Niagara, New York, on 19 December leased on parole and sent to Boston, arriving on a num- 1813. All of the occupants in these forts became prison- ber of ships between 24 November and 30 November ers of war: the officers, the soldiers, their women and 1812. The men were then stationed at Fort Independ- children. These women, who lost their children, were ence, in Boston harbor, until they were exchanged for the wives of soldiers. Most were probably working as British prisoners of war. They were then sent back to washerwomen in their husband’s companies. their regiments. An article in the weekly newspaper, Quebec Weekly The British captured two artillery companies, a com- Chronicle, dated 18 July 1889, by N. LeVasseur lists 90 pany from the 1st Regiment of U.S. Infantry plus a de- Americans who died on the prison ships off Quebec tachment of recruits, and the 4th Regiment of U.S. In- during the war. LeVasseur, first name not listed, ex- fantry at Fort Detroit. The militiamen from Michigan tracted the list from the registers of the English Metro- and Ohio, who were also captured, were paroled and politan Church of Quebec. It appears that all of the sent home. Americans were given Christian burials in the church’s Ending on a happier note! Mrs. Andrew gave birth graveyard. to a son on 4 October 1812 while on a prison ship. The A second source confirming the identity of the six husband is unknown but it is either E. T. Andrews, Otis children is the diary of Surgeon’s Mate James Reynolds Andrews or William Andrews, all from the 4th Infantry. of the 4th Regiment of U.S. Infantry. His diary, Journal Mother and child appear to have survived since they are of an American Prisoner at Fort Malden and Quebec in not noted on LeVasseur’s list. the War of 1812, was published in Quebec in 1909. Reynolds work as an army doctor caring for the men Eric Johnson and their families on the prison ships. He was interned on prison ship number 160, which is probably the Brit- ish transport Malabar. In his diary, he lists five ships by Proposed Name Tags their numbers in which the Americans were interned. On his ship were 12 women. Vice President Richard Davis has proposed that the Both sources contain numerous spelling errors and Ohio Society should have name tags similar to his Sons the surnames were spelled phonetically. Using the U.S. of Union Veterans name tag. Army’s Register of Enlistments, 1798-1914 and the Re- cords Relating to War of 1812 Prisoners of War from the National Archives in Washington, DC (Microfilm Publication M2019 in Record Group 94), the corrected list of children can be listed.

John Stoner, son of Sergeant John and Mary Stoner, 1st Regiment of U.S. Infantry, age 2 months, died on 6 October 1812. Parmelia Perry, daughter of Corporal Calvin and Anna Perry, 1st Infantry, age 2 years, died on 8 October 1812. Page 5 The Lake Erie Ledger July 2015 General Society members attend the Ohio Genealogical Society’s conference General Society members from three states attended the Ohio Genealogical Society’s con- ference, held 8-11 April 2015, in Columbus, Ohio. The OGS event is the nation’s largest state genea- logical conference. Attending from Tennessee was Rick Hollis, the deputy president general of the General Society of the War of 1812, while Chuck Bragg came from Indiana. At- tending from Ohio were Eric Johnson, Paul Morehouse, Keith Ashley, Lee Martin and Tom Neel. The men were attending the combine lineage society banquet for the First Families of Ohio and the Society of Civil War Families of Ohio. Johnson and Lee are the co-chairman for the Society of Rick Hollis of Tennessee, Chuck Bragg of Indiana, Eric Johnson, Paul More- Civil War Families in Ohio. house, Keith Ashley, and Lee Martin. Missing in the picture and attending the banquet was Tom Neel. Ohio Society represented at Living History for All Ages event

The Lorain County Chapter of the Ohio Genealogi- Representing the General Society of the War of cal Society presented the “Living History for All Ages 1812 was Eric Johnson. This event was opened to the in Period Dress” program on Saturday, 16 May 2015, at public. the North Ridgeville Public Library in North Ridge- ville, Ohio. This four hour event gave genealogical and heredi- Flag Display Days – Second Half of the Year tary societies an opportunity to give a twenty minute talk on their histories and organizations. Period dress Independence Day - July 4th was encouraged. National Korean War Veterans Armistice Day The societies in attendance were the Ohio Genea- - July 27th logical Society, the Sons of the American Revolution, Labor Day - First Monday in September th the Daughters of the American Revolution, the General Patriot Day (half staff) - September 11 Society of the War of 1812, the National Society United POW/MIA Recognition Day States Daughters of 1812, the Military Order of the - Third Friday in September Constitution Day (Citizenship Day) - September 17th Loyal Legion of the United States, Dames of the Loyal Columbus Day - Second Monday in October Legion, the Ladies of the Grand Army of the Republic, Navy Day - October 27th the Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War and the Veterans Day - November 11th Women’s Relief Corps. Thanksgiving Day - Fourth Thursday in November The Sons of Union Veterans and the Women’s Re- National Pearl Harbor Remembrance Day (half staff) lief Corps had display cases of Civil War artifacts, and - December 7th medals and badges from the Grand Army of the Repub- Christmas Day - December 25th lic events. There was also a presentation on Civil War medicine. And such other days as may be proclaimed by the President of the United States; the birthdays of states Your 2016 dues are now due! (dates of admission); and on state holidays.

Page 6 The Lake Erie Ledger July 2015 Edmond Forbes Duvall: An Ohioan at the Battle of Baltimore

Edmond Forbes Duvall is an unique Ohio veteran more, Maryland. He served from 1 March 1814 to 1 from the War of 1812 having served with General Tup- April 1815. Barney’s rank was ‘captain’ but he used the per on the Ohio frontier in 1812 fighting Indians and title ‘commodore’ since he commanded more than one then traveling to Maryland to join Commodore Barry’s vessel. The rank of commodore would not be created by Flotilla. Duvall participated in the Battle of the Maumee the U.S. Congress until 1862. Rapids (Ohio) on 14 November 1812, the Battle of While a member of the flotilla, Duvall participated Bladensburg on 24 August 1814, and the Battle of Bal- in the Battle of St. Jerome Creek (1 Jun 1814), Battle of timore on 13 September 1814. St. Leonard’s Creek (26 Jun 1814), the Battle of Queen Duvall was born on 23 May 1794 to Jacob Duvall Anne (22 Aug 1814), the Battle of Bladensburg and the and Jemima Anne Taylor in Prince George’s County, Battle of Baltimore. He served on Lieutenant Solomon Maryland. His father was a lieutenant in the Maryland Rutter’s gunboat during the first three engagements. militia during the Revolutionary War. Jacob died in During the Battle of Baltimore, which included the at- 1800 and his mother married a relative of Jacob’s in tack on Fort McHenry, Duvall either served at the Laza- 1804 named Charles Duvall. retto Battery, which was across the Patapsco River Charles moved his family to Muskingum County, from Fort McHenry, or he commanded one of the four- Ohio, shortly after his marriage and he operated either a teen gun barges on the river. After the battle, he was keel boat or a flat-bottom boat on the Muskingum, stationed at Fort McHenry until discharged. Ohio, and Mississippi Rivers. He would transport grain Edmond returned to Muskingum County after the and probably spirits between Zanesville and Marietta in war. He lived for a short time in Fulton County, Illinois, Ohio and New Orleans, and return with goods needed during the 1850s and then returned back to Ohio. He for the frontier. Edmond probably accompanied his died on 19 May 1881 at the Muskingum County Infir- step-father on these inland voyages where he gained the mary in Zanesville and he is buried in the infirmary’s small boat experience he needed as a member of cemetery. He never married. He received 160 acres of Barry’s Flotilla. military bound lands in Barton County, Missouri, which In 1805 while at New Orleans, Jacob Duvall met he sold to John Postlewait on 1 July 1859. He received Aaron Burr, the third vice-president of the United States a military pension in 1871 in which he outlined his and the man who killed Alexander Hamilton in an 1804 military service. duel. Charles met Burr again in September 1806 at Ma- On the 200th Anniversary of the Battle of Baltimore, rietta where Burr tired to recruit Jacob for his private Paul Morehouse, Eric Johnson, Richard Davis, Eric army. Burr had plans to take over parts of the newly Leininger and Crag Fisher, members of the Society of acquired Louisiana Territory and parts of the territory the War of 1812 in the State of Ohio, witnessed the re- held by Spain in order to create his own country. Burr enactment of the Battle of Fort McHenry and the raising was caught and charged with treason before his could of Old Glory. At that time, we did not realized that an- carry out his plans. Duvall testified against Burr on 24 other Ohioan, Edmond Forbes Duvall, had witnessed September 1807 in Burr’s conspiracy trial which was the real Battle of Fort McHenry and the raising of the held in Richmond, Virginia. Burr was acquitted. original Old Glory. With the outbreak of war in 1812, Edmond Duvall joined Captain James Wimp’s Company of the Ohio Eric Johnson militia at Zanesville, and he served between June 1812 and 20 December 1812. Wimp’s company was a part of Brigadier General Edward W. Tupper’s brigade which Ohio Society launches new website was the central division of Brigadier General William Henry Harrison’s Army of the Northwest. Tupper’s or- ders were to march north from Urbana, Ohio, and se- Craig Fisher, the Ohio Society’s webmaster, has re- cure the Maumee Rapids, near present day Toledo. Fort designed the society’s website. The new website can be Meigs would later be built near the rapids. Tupper’s found at: forces were attacked by Indians on 14 November 1812 and the Indians were driven off. With dwindling sup- https://ohiosociety1812.wordpress.com/ plies, the brigade was forced to retreat back to Urbana. In 1814, Edmund secured a commissioned in the If you find a website which was pointed to our old U.S. Flotilla Service as a midshipman and joined Cap- website, please notify that webmaster of the new URL. tain Joshua Barney’s Chesapeake Bay Flotilla at Balti-

Page 7 The Lake Erie Ledger July 2015

Something about a man in uniform — continued from page 3

Prior to the advent of the war of 1812 the As the war pro- hunting shirt "was part of the uniform of the gressed, federal First Regiment of Ohio Militia." When the Cin- stockpiles began to cinnati Directory was compiled in 1819, the make their way to hunting shirt was well established as part of depots and replaced the Pioneer Legend. The dress of the pioneer or supplemented the women was evidently nothing particularly re- uniforms and equip- markable, but the men's hunting shirt, leg- ment of state issue. gings, and moccasins were remembered The "Fayette fondly as the very symbol of the heroic times. - Liberty Hall, October 6, 1812. Freight Book" was Hunting Shirts and Silk Stockings: Clothing an accounting of Early Cincinnati, Carolyn R Shine materials that made their way to Cincin- Some of the most interesting descriptions come from nati and on to Gen- men who took their leave of the army before their eral Harrison's enlistment was up. These published “deserter descrip- Northwest army. tions” give us snapshot of what was being worn in the With this and other state at the time. sources we begin to see a conflict that was almost over before much needed stockpiles arrived at the seat of war.

A Gallipolis deserter description from an Ohio Newspaper during the war.

Meeting Dates for 2015 A short itemization April 25— York Steak House, Columbus and newspaper ac- July 11—OGS Library, Bellville, OH count of war materi- October 24 — Springfield, Ohio als heading through Ohio. Dates and locations are subject to change

Page 8 The Lake Erie Ledger July 2015

Secretary’s Report Richard Juergens

The spring meeting of the Society of the War of 1812 veterans for the proposed monument are verified 1812 in the State of Ohio was held on 26 April 1815 in by the Ohio Society. Fisher will contact the Cleveland Columbus, Ohio. The members present were Paul Cemetery Commission to finalize this endeavor. The Morehouse, Eric Johnson, Richard Davis, Richard Juer- motion was second by Colburn and carried. gens, Craig Fisher, Donald Murphy, Shaun Cox, Eric Davis is still researching getting Ohio Society name Leininger, Larry Collins, Thomas Galloway, Keith Ash- tags for the members to wear at events and meetings ley, and Dale Colburn. when representing the society. A motion made by Ash- Guests attending this meeting were Sandra Peters, ley and seconded by Murphy to adjourn. Motion car- president of the Ohio Chapter of the National Society ried. United States Daughters of 1812, Susan Leininger, past president of the Ohio Chapter, and Krys Murphy. Larry Collins gave the invocation. Society of the War of 1812 Susan Leininger presented the program entitled “The in the State of Ohio Books Ohio Daughters of 1812 - Our Story of Growth and Ser- vice.” She talked about the Daughter’s organization, Harrison Scott Baker including its history and its activities during the bicen- American Prisoners of War Held at Barbados, tennial of the War of 1812, with emphasis on the Ohio Newfoundland and New Providence During the Society. War of 1812 The minutes were read by Juergens and motion to accept by Morehouse and seconded by Johnson. Motion American Prisoners of War Held at Bermuda, Cape was accepted. The treasurer’s report was read by Juer- of Good Hope and Jamaica During the War of 1812 gens. It was approved after a motion was made by Morehouse and seconded by Johnson. American Prisoners of War Held at Halifax During Morehouse read the membership application of Ste- the War of 1812 — Two Volumes ven Dallas Whitley and he made a motion to accept Whitley as member number 197. It was seconded by Eric Eugene Johnson Ashley and carried. He then read five supplemental col- American Prisoners of War Held at Quebec During lateral applications for Johnson. Morehouse moved for the War of 1812: 8 June 1813 – 11 December 1814 acceptance, seconded by Cox, and it was carried. Davis read his report from the business meeting of American Prisoners of War held in Montreal and the General Society of the War of 1812 which was held Quebec During the War of 1812 in New Orleans, Louisiana, in January. He attended this event on behalf of the Ohio Society. Fisher announced In progress that he had re-designed the website of the Ohio Society and it is now operational. Johnson was appointed to American Prisoners of War Paroled at Dart- post news and events on this site. mouth, Halifax, Jamaica and Odiham during Ashley was presented with a special certificate for the War of 1812 his twenty-five years of service to the Ohio Society. He was instrumental in resurrecting the Ohio Society, be- American Prisoners of War held at Dartmoor came its first president, and is now the past president. during the War of 1812 He is the only man to have been president of the Ohio Society twice. Other Books by Johnson A motion by Ashley and seconded by Johnson was made to have the fall business meeting on 24 October Black Regulars in the War of 1812 2015 in Springfield, Ohio, at the National Road Mu- Ohio and the War of 1812 seum. Morehouse announced that the monument from Ohio’s Regulars in the War of 1812 the Ohio Society at William Henry Harrison’s gravesite in North Point, Ohio, had not been vandalized as previ- Both Baker and Johnson have donated their books to ously been reported. the Ohio Society which means that all of the royalties A motion was made by Ashley to give the $500 that from these books belong to the Ohio Society. had been approved in October to the Woodland Ceme- These books can be ordered from Heritage Books, Inc. (http://www.heritagebooks.com). tery in Cleveland, Ohio, only if the names of the War of