DOCSLIB.ORG

Journal of Cape Verdean Studies, Vol. 2

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Journal of Cape Verdean Studies Volume 2 | Issue 1 Article 1 10-2015 Journal of Cape Verdean Studies, Vol. 2 Follow this and additional works at: http://vc.bridgew.edu/jcvs Part of the Critical and Cultural Studies Commons, and the International and Area Studies Commons Recommended Citation The Journal of Cape Verdean Studies, Volume 2. 2015. http://vc.bridgew.edu/jcvs/vol2/iss1/1 This item is available as part of Virtual Commons, the open-access institutional repository of Bridgewater State University, Bridgewater, Massachusetts. © 2015 JOURNAL OF CAPE VERDEAN STUDIES NUMBER 2 . OCTOBER 2015 PEDRO PIRES Journal of Cape Verdean Studies Director and Editor JoaoJ. Rosa Pedro Pires Institute for Cape Verdean Studies Bridgewater State University Advisory Board Donaldo Macedo David Almeida University of Massachusetts Boston, USA Bridgewater State University, USA Ricardo Rosa Tim Sieber University of Massachusetts University of Massachusetts Boston, USA Dartmouth, USA Clara Maria Silva Manuel Veiga Universita degli Studi di Firenze, Italy Universidade de Cabo Verde, Cabo Verde Victor Kajibanga Jose Barbosa Universidade Agostinho Neto, Angola University ofTennessee Chattanooga, USA Joao Paraskeva University of Massachusetts Aminah Pilgrim Dartmouth, USA University of Massachusetts Boston, USA Richard Lobban Rhode Island College, USA Carlos Almeida Bridgewater State University, USA Pedro Pires Institute for Cape Verdean Studies Bridgewater State University 131 Summer Street- Bridgewater, MA 02325 Tel. 508.531.1000 ᗂ PEDRO PIRES PEDRO Cape Verdean Studies Cape Verdean AT BRIDGEWATER STATE UNIVERSITY STATE BRIDGEWATER AT (( ISSN 2183-4962 (( ᗂ ᗂ for Institute (( ᗂ ᗂ ᗂ ᗂ (( ᗂ ᗂ ᗂ (( ᗂ (( (( The Journal of Cape Verdean Studies has as a principal function the creation and dissemination of knowledge relating to Cape Verde and the Cape Verdean experience and identities within the context of globalized societies. Through an inter-disciplinary lens, recognizing the pivotal role of Cape Verde as a global-cultural intersecting point for the last 500 years, the journal critically analyzes the history, culture and transnational experiences of Creole peoples and their impact on the world around them. The journal seeks to create a space where intellectual dialogue is encouraged and serves as a pillar for social action. Journal of Cape Verdean Studies (ISSN 2183-4962) is a peer reviewed journal published twice a year – in April and October – on behalf of the Pedro Pires Institute for Cape Verdean Studies, at the Bridgewater State University, by Edições Pedago, Lda, Rua Bento de Jesus Caraça, 12 – 2620-379 Ramada, Portugal. Copyright Notice: Authors maintain copyright but concede to the journal the right of fi rst publication. Publication in other spaces is permitted only six months following publication in the Journal of Cape Verdean Studies, so long as author recognizes the ini- tial publication in the journal. Authors have the authority and are encouraged to publish and distribute their work online (institutional repositories, or individual web pages) at any time prior to or during the editorial process. Privacy Statement: The names and addresses associated with the journal will be used exclusively for services rendered under this publication and will not be released for other ends or third parties. Manuscript Submission: Authors should submit manuscripts electronically to the Direc- tor of the journal using the following address – [email protected]. For more infor- mation regarding submission guidelines, please see the back page of the cover. Orders and Subscription: For USA and Canada costumers – all enquiries, orders, back-issue requests, claims, and renewals should be addressed to Pedro Pires Institute for Cape Verdean Studies, Brigdewater State University, 131 Summer Street, Bridgewater, MA 02325, telephone: 508.531.2363, e-mail: [email protected]. For all costumers outside USA and Canada – please contact Edições Pedago, Lda, Rua Bento de Jesus Caraça, 12 – 2620- -379 Ramada, Portugal; telephone (+351) 219 347 139; e-mail: edicoes-pedago@pedago. pt; webpage: www.edicoespedago.pt. Subscription price: Institutions $ 120; Individuals $ 70; special rates are available for African countries. Claims: Claims for undelivered copies must be made no later than six months following month of publication. Beyond six months and at the request of the Pedro Pires Institute for Cape Verdean Studies, the publisher will supply replacement issues when losses have been sustained in transit and when the reserve stock permits. Change of Address: two months advance notice must be given when notifying the change of address. For USA and Canada costumers – please send the old address along with the new address to [email protected] to insure proper identifi cation. For all costumers outside USA and Canada – please send the old address along with the new address to [email protected] to insure proper identifi cation. Advertising: There is space for advertising of books and/or journals related with the Journal of Cape Verdean Studies scope. Advertising rates and specifi cations may be obtained by contacting de Director of the Journal at Pedro Pires Institute for Cape Verdean Studies, Brigdewater State University, 131 Summer Street, Bridgewater, MA 02325, telephone: 508.531.2363, e-mail: [email protected]. CONTENTS Letter from the Editor 5 João Rosa Conference Histoire de l’immigration capverdienne en Côte d’Ivoire 9 Jean-Baptiste Tavares Articles Immigrants from Cabo Verde in Italy: 25 History and paths of socio-educative integration Clara Silva “This country does not have my back!”: Youth Experiences With a 35 Parent Threatened by Deportation Leila Rosa Cape Verde and Its Diaspora: 69 Economic Transnationalism and Homeland Development Joao Resende-Santos Ending Slavery in Cabo Verde: 109 Between Manumission and Emancipation, 1856-1876 Lumumba H. Shabaka 5 Letter from the Editor Letter from the Editor João Rosa The existence of venues of critical intellectual engagement off ers above all common spaces where social dissonance is engaged, challenged and where solutions are fostered and nurtured. The Journal of Cape Verdean Studies aims to be a space where such critical intellectual engagement can be embraced with the understanding that in the context of the development of humanity, rigorous debate has historically been one of the fundamental pillars of progress. With the current edition, The Journal of Cape Verdean Studies deepens its trajectory as it contributes to a better understanding of the role of Cape Verdeans in the Ivory Coast, the patterns of historic and socio-educational development of Cape Verdeans in Italy, economic transnationalism and homeland development, socio-historic eff ects of the U.S. deportation of Cape Verdeans on second generation youth as well as the historical processes of the ending of slavery in Cape Verde between 1856-1876. With such vast diasporic reach and temporal profundity, these contributions bring greater clarity to the multidimensionality of Cape Verdean experi- ences and identities. Only through the suturing of the cloth of identities and experiences can the strength of the thread be examined and the richness of the fabric exposed. The Journal of Cape Verdean Studies invites you to be a part of the ongoing dialogue in a journey of discovery. Joao J. Rosa, Ph.D. Executive Director Pedro Pires Institute for Cape Verdean Studies Bridgewater State University CONFERENCE Journal of Cape Verdean Studies 9 October 2015 . Number 2, pp. 9-21 © Jean-Baptiste Tavares, 2015 HISTOIRE DE L’IMMIGRATION CAPVERDIENNE EN CÔTE D’IVOIRE* Jean-Baptiste Tavares Côte d’Ivoire Histoire de l’immigration capverdienne en Introduction Le thème de cette conférence célèbre le 39ème anniversaire de Cabo Verde. Ce choix thématique, qui est celui du Bureau de l’association «So- dade de Côte d’Ivoire» et de sa présidente, s’inscrit dans un triple champ de la connaissance. Le premier, dans celui de la psychologie, puisqu’il s’agit ici de mobiliser la mémoire pour reconstituer des faits. Le deuxième, dans celui de l’historiographie, car comment et avec quels repères chronologiques et types de matériaux présenter le tableau de cette immigration qui diff ère complètement de toutes celles que la Côte d’Ivoire a connues? Le troisième, est celui de la géographie, dans la mesure où il concerne un mouvement migratoire de population, phénomène qui défi nit l’immigration. Cet article reprend les grandes lignes d’un vieux projet d’écriture que le Dr. Pierre Franklin Tavares et moi-même avions en préparation sur l’immigration, au travers d’une analyse comparative des communautés capverdiennes de Côte d’Ivoire, de France et du Sénégal. Pour entrer dans le vif de notre sujet, sacrifi ons à un devoir de gratitude. En eff et, ici et maintenant, et cela pour toujours, en souvenir des Pionniers de cette histoire, nous voudrions réaffi rmer le témoignage initial d’une an- tique hospitalité, en déclarant haut et fort que «a Costa de Marfi m é uma *. Conférence: Semaine de Cabo Verde du 30 juin au 05 juillet 2014 à Abidjan (39ème anniver- saire de l’Indépendance de Cabo Verde) 10 terra de boa gente» [la Côte d’Ivoire est une terre de bonnes gens]. Et les Anciens aujourd’hui disparus, et qui ont vu prospérer la Côte d’Ivoire, aimaient à dire qu’elle est eff ectivement le «pays de l’hospitalité», une «patrie de la vraie fraternité»1. Jean-Baptiste Tavares II. Histoire des relations entre la Côte d’Ivoire et Cabo Verde (Cap-Vert) Au plan historiographique, il se dégage trois grandes séquences histo- riques bornées par trois repères chronologiques qui permettent de fi xer le cadre des trois principales phases de la relation entre la Côte d’Ivoire et le Cabo Verde. Le premier repère temporel s’étend du milieu du 16ème au milieu du 18ème siècle. Il est d’ordre religieux et administratif. À cet égard,rappelons que Cabo Verde a été le siège du premier Évêché ouest-africain. En eff et, c’est en 1533 que le diocèse de Cabo Verde sera créé et,douze ans plus tard, en 1545, le premier évêque résidant, Mgr Jean de Parvi, y sera nommé.
Recommended publications
  • Language Contact and Variation in Cape Verde and São Tomé and Príncipe Nélia Alexandre & Rita Gonçalves (University Of

    Language Contact and Variation in Cape Verde and São Tomé and Príncipe Nélia Alexandre & Rita Gonçalves (University Of

    ALEXANDRE, Nélia & GONÇALVES, Rita. (2018). Language contact and variation in Cape Verde and São Tome and Principe. In L. Álvarez; P. Gonçalves & J. Avelar (eds.). The Portu- guese Language Continuum in Africa and Brazil. 237-265, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publ. Language contact and variation in Cape Verde and São Tomé and Príncipe Nélia Alexandre1 & Rita Gonçalves (University of Lisbon, Center of Linguistics) Abstract Both Cape Verdean Portuguese (CVP) and Santomean Portuguese (STP) are in contact with Portuguese-related Creole languages formed during the 15th and 16th centuries: Capeverdean, in Cape Verde, and Santome, Angolar and Lung’Ie, in São Tomé and Príncipe. Despite this, Portuguese is the only offi- cial language of the two archipelagos. The goal of this chapter is twofold. First, we aim to compare and dis- cuss corpora data from CVP and STP underlining the impact of socio- historical factors in some morphosyntactic aspects of these Portuguese varie- ties’ grammars. Second, we will show that the convergence and divergence observed is not only driven by the language contact situation but also by inter- nal change mechanisms. 1. Introduction Cape Verde and São Tomé and Príncipe are two islands states near the west coast of Africa. Both are former Portuguese colonies which have Portuguese- related Creole languages formed during the 15th and 16th centuries: Capeverd- ean, in the former, and three Gulf of Guinea creoles, with a major role of San- tome, in the latter. In spite of this, Portuguese was chosen as the only official language after their independence in 1975. These historical similarities sug- 1 This research was funded by the Portuguese National Science Foundation (FCT) project UID/LIN/00214/2013.
  • Cape Verdean Theatre: Enacting Political Theory and Reclaiming Roots for Crioulo Performance Eunice S

    Cape Verdean Theatre: Enacting Political Theory and Reclaiming Roots for Crioulo Performance Eunice S

    Journal of Cape Verdean Studies Manuscript 1023 Cape Verdean Theatre: Enacting Political Theory and Reclaiming Roots for Crioulo Performance Eunice S. Ferreira Follow this and additional works at: https://vc.bridgew.edu/jcvs Part of the Critical and Cultural Studies Commons, and the International and Area Studies Commons This item is available as part of Virtual Commons, the open-access institutional repository of Bridgewater State University, Bridgewater, Massachusetts. © 2019 Eunice S. Ferreira Cape Verdean Theatre: Enacting Political Theory and Reclaiming Roots for Crioulo Performance by Eunice S. Ferreira Abstract Shining a spotlight on the Cape Verde Islands illuminates the rich diversity of theatre of the African diaspora and places its unique crioulo identity and creole identities in general, center stage. This article focuses on the post-independence theatre movement in Cape Verde where the re-Africanization theories of Amílcar Cabral (assassinated PAIGC leader in Cape Verde’s liberation struggle) shaped national identity and guided the pioneering work of theatre troupe Korda Kaoberdi (Wake up, Cape Verde). Under the dynamic leadership of Francisco Gomes Fragoso, a medical doctor who adopted the artistic name of Kwame Kondé, the troupe Korda Kaoberdi sought to create “a genuinely Cape Verdean and authentically African theatre.” Armed with the tenets of Cabral’s political theory, Fragoso reclaimed performance traditions that had been suppressed during Portuguese colonialism in order to train actors as combatants in cultural warfare. In doing so, Fragoso positioned the fledgling theatre artists of Korda Kaoberdi alongside the freedom fighters, asserting as Cabral did that culture is a weapon and sign of liberation. The author offers first-ever reconstructions of their historical productions based on archival research, Fragoso’s own writings, festival participant-observations, and personal interviews.
  • Cape Verde : Language, Literature & Music

    Cape Verde : Language, Literature & Music

    Notes on the Historical Context of Claridade Ellen W. Sapega Abstract. This essay takes its starting point from the premise that a single coherent project for the publication of Claridade never existed, either in terms of the reviews contents or of its actual physical layout. After demonstrating that three very different incarnations of Claridade appeared at three distinct historical moments (1936-7; 1947-49; 1959-60), I set about examining each “series” in light of the specific date in which it appeared. Paying particular attention to the selection and treatment of texts written in Creole, I identify several clear-cut changes in the placement and framing of these texts that occurred between the first and the second series. This, in turn, indicates that the purpose and reception of Claridade changed significantly over the course of its publication, as the editors sought different solutions to the problem of how to provide a metaphoric entry of Cape Verdean culture into the “Portuguese” text. The literary review Claridade has undoubtedly received more critical attention than any other single publication in the history of Cape Verdean lit- erature. As it occupies a central, yet ambiguous, place in the literature of the archipelago, Claridade has been the object of much praise; yet, at the same time it has received its equal share of negative critical responses. The review’s founders were among the first to investigate the specificity of Cape Verdean experience, basing their studies on carefully documented customs, traditions and cultural practices of the islands, and the initial publication of Claridade in 1936 clearly marks an important historical moment in the process of imagining Cape Verdean identity as unique and autonomous from that of ^ 160 PORTUGUESE LITERARY & CULTURAL STUDIES 8 metropolitan Portugal.
  • Cape Verde and Brazil Musical Connections

    Cape Verde and Brazil Musical Connections

    Cape Verde and Brazil Musical Connections Juliana Braz Dias Universidade de Brasília / University of Pretoria Introduction The insertion of Brazilian music in contexts outside of the country is no lon- ger a novelty. Indeed, the media often reports on these musical flows. For instance, newspapers and specialized magazines have played a crucial role in highlighting the presence of Brazil on the international stage through reports on Grammy Awards won by Brazilian musicians (namely, Sérgio Mendes, Milton Nascimento, Gilberto Gil, Caetano Veloso e João Gilberto). Another example is the increased visibility of concerts featuring Brazilian artists in other countries, such as the Brazilian Day in New York, which attracts more than a million people to the streets of that city – above all Brazilians, but also North-Americans and migrants from other countries. However, it should be noted that the presence of Brazilian music outside of the country’s borders is not necessarily related to the global cultural indus- try, neither to the impact of recent migration processes. Musical exchanges involving Brazilian musicians have been going on for some time, in multiple ways, following diverse routes and movements of people. In this article, I focus on a particular trajectory that some forms of Brazilian music have taken. I refer to the Atlantic flows that allowed for the arrival of music and musicians from Brazil to Cape Verde, deeply influencing musical productions in the archipelago. Adopting an anthropological ap- proach, I seek to engage with discourses articulated by Cape Verdeans on the role of “Brazilian music” (as they understand it) and its relationship to the music produced in Cape Verde.
  • Lisbon Stories: Migration, Community and Intercultural Relations in Contemporary Cinema and Literature FERNANDO ARENAS University of Michigan

    Lisbon Stories: Migration, Community and Intercultural Relations in Contemporary Cinema and Literature FERNANDO ARENAS University of Michigan

    Lisbon Stories: Migration, Community and Intercultural Relations in Contemporary Cinema and Literature FERNANDO ARENAS University of Michigan Abstract: This essay focuses on immigration in contemporary Portugal and social phenomena related to community, intercultural relations, and citizenship as represented in acclaimed cinematic and literary texts. The objects of analysis are the Brazilian film Terra estrangeira (1996) by directors Walter Salles and Daniela Thomas, the Brazilian novel Estive em Lisboa e lembrei de você (2009) by Luiz Ruffato, and the Portuguese film Viagem a Portugal (2011) by Sérgio Tréfaut. Keywords: Portugal; cinema; novel; Walter Salles; Luiz Ruffato; Sérgio Tréfaut Migration played a significant role in the maritime-colonial expansion of Western European powers since the early modern era, through the forced migration of millions of Africans and a mixture of voluntary and forced migration of Europeans across the Atlantic to the Americas and Africa. Such was the case throughout the history of the Portuguese empire, as well as in postcolonial Brazil, Cape Verde, and Portugal. In the case of Brazil, successive waves of forced African and voluntary European migration (as well that from East Asia and the Middle East) constitute the foundation of the modern nation- state, alongside the native Amerindian population. Cape Verde is a diasporized nation-family par excellence, in that half of its population lives outside the 144 Journal of Lusophone Studies 2.1 (Spring 2017) archipelago. The Portuguese themselves have been migrating for more than five centuries. Throughout a long history of outward migration, however, there was an important interval shortly after Portugal’s entry into the European Union, between the late 1980s and early 2000s, that witnessed the modernization and expansion of the Portuguese economy.
  • Diasporas, Remittances and Africa South of the Sahara

    Diasporas, Remittances and Africa South of the Sahara

    DIASPORAS, REMITTANCES AND AFRICA SOUTH OF THE SAHARA A STRATEGIC ASSESSMENT MARC-ANTOINE PÉROUSE DE MONTCLOS ISS MONOGRAPH SERIES • NO 112, MARCH 2005 CONTENTS ABOUT THE AUTHOR iv GLOSSARY AND ABBREVIATIONS v EXECUTIVE SUMMARY vii INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER 1 5 African diasporas and homeland politics CHAPTER 2 27 The political value of remittances: Cape Verde, Comores and Lesotho CHAPTER 3 43 The dark side of diaspora networking: Organised crime and terrorism CONCLUSION 65 iv ABOUT THE AUTHOR Marc-Antoine Pérouse de Montclos is a political scientist with the Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD). He works on forced migrations and has published various books on the issue, especially on Somali refugees (Diaspora et terrorisme, 2003). He lived for several years in Nigeria, South Africa, and Kenya, and conducted field investigations in the Comores, Cape Verde and Lesotho in 2002 and 2003. This study is the result of long-term research on the subject. v GLOSSARY AND ABBREVIATIONS ANC: African National Congress BCP: Basotho Congress Party BNP: Basotho National Party COSATU: Congress of South African Trade Unions ECOWAS: Economic Community of West African States FRELIMO: Frente de Libertação de Moçambique GDP: Gross Domestic Product GNP: Gross National Product INAME: Instituto Nacional de Apoio ao Emigrante Moçambicano no Exterior IOM: International Organisation for Migration IRA: Irish Republican Army LCD: Lesotho Congress for Democracy LLA: Lesotho Liberation Army LTTE: Liberation Tigers of Tamil Elam MASSOB: Movement for the Actualisation
  • Accommodation Further Information

    Accommodation Further Information

    Accommodation Further information The accommodation is There are two For travelling to Cape Verde you need a Visa located in the 2nd floor bathrooms incl. shower which is quite easy to receive at the Cape of a house near the with warm water (solar Verdean embassy (recommended). You also have city and close to the basin on the roof) and the option to get a Visa at the airport in Mindelo. INDP. WC. There are several cash machines in Mindelo accepting Master or VISA cards. Currency rate €uro : Escudo (CVE) approx. 1 : 110 Room cleaning and a daily delicious breakfast with Taxi tours within the city cost ~150 CVE , at night Rooms & Service fresh rolls, fruit salad and also special requests are between 170-200 CVE. Longer tours outside the included in the service. At Manuel’s place you have city (e.g. airport, Calhau, Baia das Gatas) cost In the upper apartment the opportunity to wash clothes and change money. ~1000 CVE. there are 4 comfortable Safety: You shouldn’t wear expensive jewelry rooms with one or two and walk around alone at night. beds each, a fridge, a From the roof top you have a nice view over the city Places you should visit: Fish market, Mercado cupboard, a ventilator, of Mindelo. Here you can relax, take a sun bath, drink Municipal, Torre de Belém, African Market, table and chair. Two of a beer or enjoy the sunset behind Monte Cara (the Monte Verde, Calhau, Salamansa, São Pedro, them have a balcony. “face” mountain). CVOO and CVAO (Oceanic and Atmospheric In the big kitchen with Observatories), … gas stove you can find Beaches: not all beaches are safe for swimming! everything you need Good options for swimming and snorkeling are for cooking.
  • Europeanising Migration in Multicultural Spain and Portugal During and After the Decolonisation Era

    Europeanising Migration in Multicultural Spain and Portugal During and After the Decolonisation Era

    Itinerario, Vol. 44, No. 1, 159–177. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Research Institute for History, Leiden University. This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by- nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is unaltered and is properly cited. The written permission of Cambridge University Press must be obtained for commercial re-use or in order to create a derivative work. doi:10.1017/S0165115320000091 Europeanising Migration in Multicultural Spain and Portugal During and After the Decolonisation Era ELIZABETH BUETTNER* E-mail: [email protected] Post-1945 Spanish and Portuguese emigration and immigration histories encapsulate the Iberian region’s long-standing interconnectedness with the wider world (particularly Latin America and Africa) and other parts of Europe alike. Portugal and Spain have both been part of multiple migration systems as important sending countries that ultim- ately experienced an international migration turnaround owing to their transition to de- mocracy, decolonisation, and accession to a European Union in which internal freedom of movement counted among its core principles. With the aftermath of the 2008 financial crisis and Europe’s migration crisis of the 2010s serving as its vantage point, this article considers these topics as they intersect with issues that include nationality and citizenship, race and racism, and religion and Islamophobia in multicultural Spain and Portugal. Keywords: Spain, Portugal, decolonisation, migration, nationality, racism, Islamophobia, European integration In 2018 and 2019, Iberian political and societal debates provided a clear demonstration of the potency that intercultural and colonial encounters of the past still retain in countries now markedly changed by migration.
  • Mono 112.Indd

    Mono 112.Indd

    DIASPORAS, REMITTANCES AND AFRICA SOUTH OF THE SAHARA A STRATEGIC ASSESSMENT MARC-ANTOINE PÉROUSE DE MONTCLOS ISS MONOGRAPH SERIES • NO 112, MARCH 2005 CONTENTS ABOUT THE AUTHOR iv GLOSSARY AND ABBREVIATIONS v EXECUTIVE SUMMARY vii INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER 1 5 African diasporas and homeland politics CHAPTER 2 27 The political value of remittances: Cape Verde, Comores and Lesotho CHAPTER 3 43 The dark side of diaspora networking: Organised crime and terrorism CONCLUSION 65 iv ABOUT THE AUTHOR Marc-Antoine Pérouse de Montclos is a political scientist with the Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD). He works on forced migrations and has published various books on the issue, especially on Somali refugees (Diaspora et terrorisme, 2003). He lived for several years in Nigeria, South Africa, and Kenya, and conducted field investigations in the Comores, Cape Verde and Lesotho in 2002 and 2003. This study is the result of long-term research on the subject. v GLOSSARY AND ABBREVIATIONS ANC: African National Congress BCP: Basotho Congress Party BNP: Basotho National Party COSATU: Congress of South African Trade Unions ECOWAS: Economic Community of West African States FRELIMO: Frente de Libertação de Moçambique GDP: Gross Domestic Product GNP: Gross National Product INAME: Instituto Nacional de Apoio ao Emigrante Moçambicano no Exterior IOM: International Organisation for Migration IRA: Irish Republican Army LCD: Lesotho Congress for Democracy LLA: Lesotho Liberation Army LTTE: Liberation Tigers of Tamil Elam MASSOB: Movement for the Actualisation
  • Cape Verde Islands, C. 1500–1879

    Cape Verde Islands, C. 1500–1879

    TRANSFORMATION OF “OLD” SLAVERY INTO ATLANTIC SLAVERY: CAPE VERDE ISLANDS, C. 1500–1879 By Lumumba Hamilcar Shabaka A DISSERTATION Submitted to Michigan State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of History- Doctor of Philosophy 2013 ABSTRACT TRANSFORMATION OF “OLD” SLAVERY INTO ATLANTIC SLAVERY: CAPE VERDE ISLANDS, C. 1500–1879 By Lumumba Hamilcar Shabaka This dissertation explores how the Atlantic slave trade integrated the Cape Verde archipelago into the cultural, economic, and political milieu of Upper Guinea Coast between 1500 and 1879. The archipelago is about 300 miles off the coast of Senegal, West Africa. The Portuguese colonized the “uninhabited” archipelago in 1460 and soon began trading with the mainland for slaves and black African slaves became the majority, resulting in the first racialized Atlantic slave society. Despite cultural changes, I argue that cultural practices by the lower classes, both slaves and freed slaves, were quintessentially “Guinean.” Regional fashion and dress developed between the archipelago and mainland with adorning and social use of panu (cotton cloth). In particular, I argue Afro-feminine aesthetics developed in the islands by freed black women that had counterparts in the mainland, rather than mere creolization. Moreover, the study explores the social instability in the islands that led to the exile of liberated slaves, slaves, and the poor, the majority of whom were of African descent as part of the Portuguese efforts to organize the Atlantic slave trade in the Upper th Guinea Coast. With the abolition of slavery in Cape Verde in the 19 century, Portugal used freed slaves and the poor as foot soldiers and a labor force to consolidate “Portuguese Guinea.” Many freed slaves resisted this mandatory service.
  • Download PDF Datastream

    Download PDF Datastream

    Striking a Balance: An Analysis of Portugal’s European and Lusophone Affiliations and Their Effect on the Evolution of Portuguese National Narratives by Sarah Hart Ashby A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Portuguese and Brazilian Studies Brown University Providence, Rhode Island May 2015 © Copyright 2015 by Sarah H. Ashby This dissertation by Sarah H. Ashby is accepted in its present form by the Department of Portuguese and Brazilian Studies as satisfying the dissertation requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Date ________________ __________________________________________ Dr. Leonor Simas-Almeida, Advisor Recommended to the Graduate Council Date ________________ __________________________________________ Dr. Onésimo Teotónio Almeida, Reader Date ________________ __________________________________________ Dr. Anani Dzidzienyo, Reader Approved by the Graduate Council Date ________________ __________________________________________ Dr. Peter Weber, Dean of the Graduate School iii DEDICATION This dissertation is dedicated to my father, Dr. Jerry W. Ashby, whose early inspiration, unwavering support, and loving encouragement enabled me to follow in his estimable footsteps. iv CURRICULUM VITAE Sarah Hart Ashby was born in Rota, Spain. She attended primary and secondary schools in Italy, Texas, Spain, Germany, and Portugal before graduating as class valedictorian from Zama High School in Tokyo, Japan. During her undergraduate degree program at Middlebury College, Sarah majored in International Studies with a minor in Portuguese. At Middlebury College, Sarah was able to pursue her interests in international politics as well as language pedagogy, ultimately editing the College’s Roosevelt Policy Journal and co-writing an ESL textbook. Sarah graduated summa cum laude from Middlebury College in 2010.
  • African and Black Diaspora: an International Journal Migration And

    African and Black Diaspora: an International Journal Migration And

    This article was downloaded by: [Canadian Research Knowledge Network] On: 18 January 2011 Access details: Access Details: [subscription number 932223628] Publisher Routledge Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37- 41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK African and Black Diaspora: An International Journal Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/title~content=t777764754 Migration and identity of Cape Verdeans and their descendants in Argentina Marta M. Maffiaa a Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas (CONICET) and Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina Online publication date: 23 June 2010 To cite this Article Maffia, Marta M.(2010) 'Migration and identity of Cape Verdeans and their descendants in Argentina', African and Black Diaspora: An International Journal, 3: 2, 169 — 180 To link to this Article: DOI: 10.1080/17528631.2010.481954 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17528631.2010.481954 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Full terms and conditions of use: http://www.informaworld.com/terms-and-conditions-of-access.pdf This article may be used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, re-distribution, re-selling, loan or sub-licensing, systematic supply or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material.