TRAVEL PLANNING GUIDE

Colombia’s Colonial Jewels & the Coffee Triangle 2020

Small Groups: 8-16 travelers—guaranteed! (average of 14) Overseas Adventure Travel ® The Leader in Small Groups on the Road Less Traveled 1 Overseas Adventure Travel ® 347 Congress Street, Boston, MA 02210

Dear Traveler,

We've always felt that real travel is about meeting new people and discovering unfamiliar cultures—elements that are at the heart of every O.A.T. adventure.

In the following pages, you'll find detailed information about the adventure you've expressed interest in, including a detailed day-to-day itinerary. We've also included visa requirements, regional weather conditions, local currency and health information—even a few film and book recommendations for further inspiration about this destination.

Exploring the world with O.A.T. allows you to experience the awe and wonder of familiar and far- flung destinations in a small group of 8-16 travelers (with an average of 14). And since no one brings a new location to life better than someone who makes his or her home in that destination, you'll be accompanied by one of our local Trip Leaders, who will serve as your chief experience leader—helping to ensure you're getting the personalized experiences you're looking for.

With O.A.T. you'll benefit from our decades-long experience introducing the world to American travelers at the best value anywhere. We have the lowest prices in the industry and offer FREE Single Supplements—which means solo travelers never pay more for their own hotel or cabin. Plus, you can join the 85% of travelers who are choosing to personalize their experiences. From extending your travels—whether with us or on your own—to building in time to ensure a smooth beginning and end to your adventure, the choice is yours.

We hope you find the information inside helpful. If you have any further questions about this trip, don't hesitate to contact one of our Adventure Specialists at 1-800-955-1925. Thank you again for your interest, and we look forward to welcoming you soon on a life-changing adventure.

Warm regards,

Alan E. Lewis Harriet R. Lewis Chairman Vice Chairman Overseas Adventure Travel

P.S. Visit us online to find videos and films about our adventures—from independent films featuring the destinations you'll visit, to itinerary highlights. Go to www.oattravel.com and enjoy the show!

1073 POD PMA-LET.indd 1 5/31/12 4:11 PM

2 WHAT’S INSIDE

TRIP SUMMARY

It’s Included ...... 4 Departure Dates and Prices ...... 5 Freedom to Personalize Your Experience ...... 6

DETAILED DAY -TO-DAY ITINERARY ...... 7

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT THIS TRIP...... 28

Travel Documents & Entry Requirements ...... 30

Health ...... 32

Money Matters ...... 37

Preparing for Your Trip ...... 41 Packing ...... 44 Climate ...... 50 About Your Destinations ...... 53

Demographics & History ...... 58

Resources ...... 68

MAP ...... 75

3 Visit a coffee plantation during A Day in the Life in Colombia’s Coffee Triangle Colombia’s Colonial Jewels & the Coffee Triangle Small Group Adventure Colombia: Bogotá, Medellín, Coffee Triangle, Cartagena

Countries: 1 | Cities: 3

Small groups: 8-16 travelers—guaranteed! It’s Included (average of 14) • International airfare, airport transfers, • Explore in a small group of 8-16 $ government taxes, fees, and airline fuel travelers (with an average group 12 days from 2995 surcharges unless you choose to make size of 14) your own air arrangements Includes international airfare • Services of a local O.A.T. Trip All land transportation and 3 Experience Leader Travel from only $250 a day • internal flights • Gratuities for local guides, drivers, Accommodations for 18 nights and luggage porters 12 days from $ 2195 • Without international airfare • 42 meals—18 breakfasts, 13 lunches • 5% Frequent Traveler Credit (including 1 Home-Hosted Lunch), and toward your next adventure— Single Supplement: FREE 11 dinners an average of $241 • 14 small group activities

Maximize Your To get a richer view of the Included Features on this adventure, Discoveries & Value watch our Trip Itinerary video at www.oattravel.com/bog2020

Optional extension s : Bolivia: La Paz & Lake Titicaca 5 nights pre-trip from $1395 Travel from only $279 per night Ecuador: The Andes & the Devil’s Nose Train 7 nights post-trip from $1995 Travel from only $285 per night

Pereira, Colombia Colombia’s Colonial Jewels & the Coff ee Triangle

4 Colombia’s Colonial Jewels & FREEDOM TO PERSONALIZE YOUR ADVENTURE From upgrading your air itinerary to spending more time in a the Coffee Triangle favorite city, our Adventure Specialists are here to discuss your personalization options at 1-800-955-1925. Visit www.oattravel. 2020 Dates & Prices com/personalize-bog2019 for details.

MARCH; JAN 7, 10; JAN 14-28; FEBRUARY; MAY; JUNE; DEPART FROM DEC 9, 16 DEC 1, 4 NOVEMBER SEPTEMBER APRIL JULY AUGUST

Miami $3795 $3595 $3495 $3295 $3195 $2995 $3095 Orlando, Tampa $3995 $3795 $3695 $3495 $3395 $3195 $3295 Atlanta, Baltimore, Boston, Chicago, Dallas, Detroit, Houston, New York, $4095 $3895 $3795 $3595 $3495 $3295 $3395 Newark, Philadelphia, Washington, DC Denver, Los Angeles, Minneapolis, Phoenix, Portland, San Diego, $4195 $3995 $3895 $3695 $3595 $3395 $3495 San Francisco, Seattle

Additional departure cities are available. Upgrade to Business Class may be available for the international portion of your flight. Call for details.

JANUARY; FEBRUARY; MARCH; MAY; JUNE; DECEMBER NOVEMBER SEPTEMBER APRIL AUGUST JULY

Without international airfare $2995 $2895 $2695 $2395 $2495 $2195

BOG2020

Prices are per person. Airfare prices include government taxes, fees, and airline fuel surcharges. All prices and availability are effective as of the date of this publication, and are subject to change without notice. Standard Terms & Conditions apply, please visit our website: www.oattravel.com/tc. Every effort has been made to produce this information accurately. We reserve the right to correct errors.

For specific departure dates, current availability, and detailed pricing, visit www.oattravel.com/bog2020pricing

COMBINE ADVENTURES FREE SINGLE RESERVE EARLY & SAVE SHARE YOUR LOVE & SAVE SUPPLEMENT with our Good Buy Plan OF TRAVEL We offer FREE Single New travelers you refer will See more of the world—and Supplements on your main The earlier you pay by check or instantly save $100, and avoid another international trip and all extensions. electronic funds transfer, the you’ll earn increasing rewards— flight—by combining this more you SAVE! up to a FREE trip! Each departure has limited solo adventure with Real For details, visit . space available—c all today For details, visit Affordable Peru to reserve. www.oattravel.com/gbd www.oattravel.com/va

Publication Date 10/3/19

Information & Reservations 1-800-955-1925 www.oatt ravel.com/bog2020

5 Freedom to Personalize Your Experience Your Choice, Your Adventure, Your Way

We recommend you spend extra time in a destination to truly make your adventure everything you’ve ever dreamed about—in fact, 85% of our travelers are personalizing their experience in more than 90 countries. Call us at 1-800-955-1925 to discuss personalizing your adventure today or visit us online at www.oattravel.com/personalize-bog2020.

'āƩ łāÈŋŽũRùāÖķdāłėŶĞŋĕœŶÖƘ̝ • Stay overnight (or for a few days) in a common connecting city on arrive early, stay later & more this adventure, or in a destination of your choice Extending your time in a destination can improve your overall travel Please note: Our Adventure Specialists can help you plan your airfare if experience—and allow you to seek out even more eye-opening you’d like to “break away,” however since this option is completely on your cultural interactions. Your local Trip Experience Leader will help to own, you will need to plan your own accommodations, meals, tours, and ensure you’re getting the personalized experiences you’re looking for. transfers. With their unmatched understanding of Central American culture, Back-to-Back Adventures: 90% of travelers who combined two it’s no surprise that 94% of our travelers rate their Trip Experience trips anywhere in the world rated it excellent Leader excellent. One of the most common adventures travelers combine with this one From extending your travels—whether with us or on your own—to is Real Affordable Peru. If you’re already overseas, why not see more building in time to ensure a smooth beginning and end to your Small of the world and avoid another international flight? Plus, you’ll save Group Adventure, the choice is yours. Here are some of your options: $250-$350 per person when you reserve two trips right after one Maximize Your Time & Value: 55% of travelers take an extension another. Trip extensions give you more time, allowing you to get refreshed ”ũĢƑÖŶāùƑāłŶŽũāŭ̆¦ũÖƑāķĢłÖłāƗóķŽŭĢƑāėũŋŽť and acclimated before your adventure begins or before your return to the U.S. On this adventure, you have two extensions to choose from, ŋĕÖŭĕāƒÖŭ˓ including Bolivia: La Paz & Lake Titicaca and Ecuador: The Andes & the Reserve an exclusive departure with your friends and family. It’s Devil’s Nose Train. simple: You choose the people you travel with, the departure date, and “Break Away” Options: 30% of travelers spend more time abroad the size of your group. O.A.T. does the rest. Before or after your main adventure or trip extension, “break away” ĢũzťŶĢŋłŭ̆mŋũāŶĞÖł˔ˏͮŋĕŶũÖƑāķāũŭóŽŭŶŋĿĢơā anywhere you’d like to go to do more exploring entirely on your own. Extend your time abroad with the following options: ŶĞāĢũƪ ĢėĞŶŭ • Choose your departure city and airline • Spend more time in Bogotá before, or in Cartagena after, your adventure • Depart from one city and return to another • Upgrade your seat or choose a specific meal option

Docks, Cartagena, Colombia Colombia’s Colonial Jewels & the Coff ee Triangle

6 Overseas SM Adventure Travel Since 1978

Colombia’s Colonial Jewels & ŶĞā!ŋƦāā¦ũĢÖłėķā 2020 ːˑ̟'ÖƘœĿÖķķFũŋŽťùƑāłŶŽũā

EXTEND YOUR TRIP

PRE-TRIP Bolivia: La Paz & Lake Titicaca POST-TRIP Ecuador: The Andes & the Devil’s Nose Train

Your Day-to-Day Itinerary

7 OVERSEAS ADVENTURE TRAVEL

Overseas Adventure Travel, founded in 1978, is America’s leading adventure travel company. The New York Times, Condé Nast Traveler, The Los Angeles Times, Travel + Leisure, The Wall Street Journal, US News & World Report, and others have recommended O.A.T. trips. But our most impressive reviews come from our customers: Thousands of travelers have joined our trips, and 95% of them say they’d gladly travel with us again, and recommend us to their friends.

A WORD ABOUT ADVENTURE TRAVEL

Our Colombia’s Colonial Jewels & the Coffee Triangle trip is designed for people who want a different kind of travel experience. We seek out unusual experiences, in out-of-the-way places where ordinary tours don’t go. Colombia is a developing country, and the quality of travel services may not always be similar WRZKDW\RXZRXOGͫQGLQWKH8QLWHG6WDWHVDQG(XURSH

This is an adventure travel trip. Part of the adventure is the possibility that things may change, which make it impossible for us to follow this trip itinerary exactly. When we are confronted with changing circumstances, this itinerary is the one we strive to follow. But, it’s important for you to know in advance that we may not be able to follow this plan verbatim. The sequence of places visited may vary. When we are forced to make variations, we make every attempt to use facilities that are equivalent in quality.

INCLUDED IN YOUR PRICE

» International airfare, airport transfers, » Explore in a small group of 8-16 travelers government taxes, fees, and airline fuel (with an average group size of 14) surcharges unless you choose to make your » 6HUYLFHVRIDORFDO2$77ULS own air arrangements ([SHULHQFH/HDGHU » $OOODQGWUDQVSRUWDWLRQDQGLQWHUQDOͬLJKWV » Gratuities for local guides, drivers, and » Accommodations for 18 nights luggage porters »4 2 meals—18 breakfasts, 13 lunches » 5% Frequent Traveler Credit toward your (including 1 Home-Hosted Lunch), and next adventure—an average of $241 11 dinners » 14 small group activities

Itinerary Subject to Change. For Information or reservations, call 1-800-955-1925

8 WHAT THIS TRIP IS LIKE

PACING » You must be able to walk up and down » 4 locations in 12 days with one 2-night stay; steep hills and stairs unassisted in high LQWHUQDOͬLJKWVHDUO\PRUQLQJV altitude areas » Agility and balance are required for PHYSICAL REQUIREMENTS boarding carriages » Not appropriate for travelers using » Travel by 20-passenger minibus (no toilet wheelchairs, walkers, or other mobility aids on board), horse-drawn carriage, Jeep, » You must be able to walk 3 miles unassisted aerial tram, local bus, and moto taxi and participate in 6-8 hours of physical » LQWHUQDOͬLJKWVRIDSSUR[LPDWHO\ activities each day including stairs hour each » Our activites include exploring Bogotá at an 8,000-foot altitude on Days 2 and 3; and a ACCOMMODATIONS & FACILITIES 4-mile uphill hike with uneven terrain and » Hotel standard accommodations with hot steep hills on Day 8 in Cocora Valley. showers and Western-style toilets » :HUHVHUYHWKHULJKWIRU7ULS([SHULHQFH » 6WD\DWDKDFLHQGDZLWKOLPLWHGVHUYLFHV Leaders to restrict participation, or in some and no air-conditioning in the Coffee circumstances send travelers home, if their Triangle & Bogotá limitations impact the group’s experience » All accommodations feature private baths ALTITUDE » 5 full days at altitudes between 8,600-10,000 feet

CLIMATE » Daytime temperatures range from 40-60°F in Bogotá, 70-80°F in Medellín, and 80-90°F with high humidity in Cartagena » Wet seasons are April-May and October-November in Bogotá and Medellín; Cartagena receives a fair amount of rainfall year-round

TERRAIN & TRANSPORTATION » Travel on city streets, rugged paths and trails, cobblestone roads, and uneven ground

Itinerary Subject to Change. For Information or reservations, call 1-800-955-1925

9 Colombia’s Colonial Jewels & the !ŋƦāā¦ũĢÖłėķā 2020

Discover hidden riches when you travel to Colombia, the land that inspired the myth of El Dorado—and whose borders are now open to travelers after decades of being closed. While Spanish explorers searched in vain for a legendary “Lost City of Gold,” when you journey here with O.A.T., you’ll witness a country in the midst of DFXOWXUDOUHQDLVVDQFHDQGͫQGWKDWWKHUHDOWUHDVXUHVRI&RORPELDDUHDOODURXQG\RX2XUFRPSUHKHQVLYH adventure takes us from the colonial gems of La Candelaria and Cartagena to bustling modern Medellín and the Coffee Triangle region around Pereira, Manizales, and Armenia. Along the way, we’ll meet the friendly and resilient Colombian people during intimate experiences that are only possible because of our small group size, to delve into a vibrant blend of cultures with a rich history.

EXTEND YOUR TRIP

Bolivia: La Paz & Lake Titicaca 5 NIGHTS PRE-TRIP From the shores of Lake Titicaca to the blend of modern and ancient cultures in La Paz, countless discoveries await you in Bolivia. Journey here before you travel to Colombia and explore Andean landscapes, visit indigenous villages, and discover ancient ruins that pre-date the Inca Empire.

Ecuador: The Andes & the Devil’s Nose Train 7 NIGHTS POST-TRIP Experience the Andean side of Ecuador, a region of snowcapped volcanoes, traditional cultures, and a dramatic rail route. From local markets in the countryside to Spanish colonial Cuenca, you’ll meet the people who call this scenic region home. Join us to discover more of South America’s cultural and natural diversity.

Itinerary Subject to Change. For Information or reservations, call 1-800-955-1925

10 DETAILED ITINERARY

Day 1 Depart U.S. • Arrive Leader will also discuss logistics, safety and Bogotá, Colombia emergency procedures, and answer questions we may have. • Destination: Bogotá • Accommodations: Hotel de la Opera Then, we will explore Bogotá during a walking or similar tour. Originally a settlement known as Bacatá Afternoon/Evening'HSDUWWKH86WRGD\ by the indigenous people who inhabited this 'HSHQGLQJRQ\RXUͬLJKWWLPH\RXZLOODUULYH area on the high plains of the Andes, the site in Bogotá in the afternoon or evening. An O.A.T. EHFDPHDIXOOͬHGJHG6SDQLVKFRORQLDORXWSRVW representative will meet you at the airport and by 1550. Bogotá remained under the control assist with the transfer to our hotel, where of the Viceroyalty of Peru until 1717, when it you’ll join travelers who took the pre-trip became the capital of the Viceroyalty of New extension to Bolivia: La Paz & Lake Titicaca. Granada, a vast stretch of land encompassing Our hotel will likely be housed in Bogotá’s La the modern countries of Colombia, Panama, Candelaria district and feature two on-site (FXDGRUDQG9HQH]XHOD6LQFHWKHQWKHFLW\KDV UHVWDXUDQWVDEDUVSDͫWQHVVFHQWHUKHDWHG served continuously as a political and social SRRODQG-DFX]]L(DFKURRPW\SLFDOO\IHDWXUHV center; today this bustling capital city has a wireless Internet access, and a private bath population of more than eight million people. with a hair dryer. We’ll begin in a southern neighborhood of Dinner: On your own—ask your Trip the city known as La Candelaria. With its ([SHULHQFH/HDGHUIRUORFDOUHVWDXUDQW %DURTXHDQG6SDQLVK&RORQLDODUFKLWHFWXUH/D recommendations. Candelaria exudes a timeless elegance, made contemporary by the presence of university students and artists. One highlight of our visit Day 2 Explore Bogotá • Gold Museum LV%RO¯YDU6TXDUHZKLFKLVQDPHGDIWHU6LPµQ • Destination: Bogotá Bolívar—who led Colombia to independence • Included Meals: Breakfast, Lunch, Dinner LQ̜DQGOLQHGZLWKVLJQLͫFDQWEXLOGLQJV • Accommodations: Hotel de la Opera including the Palace of Justice, the National or similar Capitol, and an ornate 18th-century cathedral.

Activity Note: Bogotá is at an altitude of 8,000 After, we’ll head for Bogotá’s Gold Museum, feet. We recommend staying hydrated while at which is home to the world’s biggest collection high altitude. Travelers may rest at the hotel if of pre-Hispanic gold artifacts. These necessary. pieces—more than 6,000 are on display out of the museum’s 55,000-piece collection—are not Breakfast: At the hotel. only beautiful in their own right, but also give Morning: We’ll start the day with a Welcome us an introduction to the indigenous cultures of %ULHͫQJDWRXUKRWHO'XULQJWKLVEULHͫQJ Colombia. we will introduce ourselves and review our Lunch: At a local restaurant, featuring itinerary in more detail (including any changes traditional Colombian dishes. WKDWPD\QHHGWRRFFXU 2XU7ULS([SHULHQFH

Itinerary Subject to Change. For Information or reservations, call 1-800-955-1925

11 Afternoon: We’ll return to our hotel, and you’ll Lunch: On your own. Travelers on today’s have a few hours of free time this afternoon. Optional Tour will enjoy a lunch of ajiaco, You may choose to relax after yesterday’s a traditional Colombian soup of chicken, ͬLJKWRUVHWRXWWRH[SORUHPRUHRI%RJRW£ potatoes, and corn, at a local restaurant. independently. Afternoon: If you chose to remain in the Dinner: We’ll have a Welcome Dinner at a local city, continue exploring Bogotá on your own. restaurant, during which we’ll toast to the Travelers on the Optional Tour will return adventure to come. to our hotel mid-afternoon, and have a couple of hours of free time. Evening: You have the freedom to spend the rest of your evening as you wish—ask your Trip Later, our group will gather to gain a richer ([SHULHQFH/HDGHUIRUUHFRPPHQGDWLRQV understanding of Colombia’s recent history during a lively discussion with a local expert on Day 3 Bogotá • Optional local market & some controversial topics. We’ll learn about the urban street art tour &RORPELDQJRYHUQPHQW̞VOHQJWK\FRQͬLFWZLWK guerrillas and the role that drug cartels played • Destination: Bogotá in the country in the late 20th century. • Included Meals: Breakfast • Accommodations: Hotel de la Opera Dinner: On your own—ask your Trip or similar ([SHULHQFH/HDGHUIRUORFDOUHVWDXUDQW recommendations. Activity Note: Bogotá is at an altitude of 8,000 feet. We recommend staying hydrated while at Evening: You have the freedom to spend the high altitude. Travelers may rest at the hotel if rest of your evening as you wish—ask your Trip necessary. ([SHULHQFH/HDGHUIRUUHFRPPHQGDWLRQV

Breakfast: At the hotel. Day 4 Fly to Medellín • Explore Medellín • Morning: Free to make your own discoveries. Botero Museum Perhaps you’ll make the trip to Monserrate • Destination: Medellín Mountain, on the city’s eastern edge; a popular • Included Meals: Breakfast, Lunch hike (or funicular, for those feeling less • Accommodations: Hotel Du Parc or similar HQHUJHWLF WDNHV\RXWRWKH6SDQLVKFRORQLDOHUD church on top, which affords spectacular views Activity Note: The Metrocable does not operate of the city below. on Mondays. If this day falls on a Monday, you will ascend the Antioquia Mountains via Or, you may choose to join our Optional bus instead. Tour to a local produce market where we’ll VWUROOWKURXJKVWDOOVͫOOHGZLWKDURPDWLFKHUEV Breakfast: At the hotel. exotic fruits, and local meat, and mingle with Morning(DUO\WKLVPRUQLQJZHFKHFNRXW the locals. Then, we’ll explore the city’s urban of our hotel and transfer to the airport for our street art scene and discover the many colorful ͬLJKWWR0HGHOO¯Q and often political expressions that cover the FLW\̞VZDOOV:H̞OOOLVWHQWRͫUVWKDQGVWRULHV from local street artists about the history and PHDQLQJRIJUDIͫWL

Itinerary Subject to Change. For Information or reservations, call 1-800-955-1925

12 When we arrive, we’ll ascend the Antioquia its zócalos, beautifully crafted tiles that decorate Mountains—via the Metrocable (an aerial tram) houses and the town’s church. This area is for panoramic views. As we explore the city, SHDFHIXOQRZEXWZDVWKHVFHQHRIFRQͬLFW we’ll see how it is undergoing an economic and between government and paramilitary forces cultural rebirth. in the late 20th century—a history we’ll learn about as we explore the site. Lunch: At a local restaurant, featuring dishes of typical Colombian cuisine. Lunch: At a local restaurant in Guatape, featuring regional specialties. Afternoon: Next, we visit the Botero Museum and plaza. The plaza has an open-air collection Afternoon: We’ll stroll the town’s vibrant of 23 sculptures by Medellín-born artist streets on foot during a walking tour, )HUQDQGR%RWHURZKRVHH[DJJHUDWHGͫJXUHV interacting with the local people we meet along have been shown in the world’s greatest the way. We’ll also take an exciting moto taxi museums and galleries. Part of the museum ride to see the town from another perspective. also displays Botero’s artworks. After some free time in Guatape, we’ll return to our hotel in Medellín. Then, we check in to our hotel. Depending on where we stay, our hotel will likely be located Dinner: On your own—ask your Trip LQWKH(O3REODGRVHFWLRQRI0HGHOO¯QDVKRUW ([SHULHQFH/HDGHUIRUORFDOUHVWDXUDQW ZDONIURP(O3REODGR3DUN

Itinerary Subject to Change. For Information or reservations, call 1-800-955-1925

13 Lunch: At the Comuna 9 community center, Morning: Our small group will experience A where you’ll have the opportunity to strike up a Day in the Life of this community in Colombia’s conversation with locals and watch residents go &RIIHH7ULDQJOH:HEHJLQDWWKH(O/DXUHO about their daily routines. 6FKRRO ZKHQLQVHVVLRQ ZKLFKUHFHLYHV support from Grand Circle Foundation through Afternoon: We transfer to the airport and the World Classroom program. The school’s ͬ\WR3HUHLUD3HUHLUDLVRQHRIWKUHHWRZQV principal or one of its teachers will show us the that comprise Colombia’s “coffee triangle.” facilities and answer questions about education Along with Manizales and Armenia, Pereira is in Colombia. We’ll also meet teachers and a key player in the Colombian coffee-making interact with students. From the school, we tradition that is known world-wide. The continue with a visit to Buenos Aires Farm, a top-quality Arabica beans grown in this region family-owned coffee plantation. Here we’ll get are harvested, washed on local plantations, a hands-on introduction to coffee growing by dried, and exported all over the world. After planting, harvesting, drying, or sorting beans we arrive, we transfer to our hotel in nearby depending on the season. Circasia. We will likely stay at a family-owned hotel and coffee plantation that overlooks an Lunch: We’ll enjoy a Home-Hosted Lunch at idyllic stretch of the Coffee Road. This hotel the plantation with its owners, an intimate IHDWXUHVDQRXWGRRUSRROMDFX]]LDQGͫWQHVV experience that we can have because of our center, as well as an on-site restaurant and pub. small group size. Rooms typically feature a minibar, wireless Afternoon: We’ll return to the hotel where you Internet, and a private en suite bath. Once we have the rest of the afternoon free to relax or check in, you’ll have some free time to settle in, make your own discoveries. relax, or enjoy the hotel’s amenities. Dinner: At our hotel, featuring dishes typical to Dinner: At the hotel, featuring fresh, local the region. ingredients. Evening: You have the freedom to spend the Evening: You have the freedom to spend the rest of your evening as you wish—ask your Trip rest of your evening as you wish—ask your Trip ([SHULHQFH/HDGHUIRUUHFRPPHQGDWLRQV ([SHULHQFH/HDGHUIRUUHFRPPHQGDWLRQV

Day 7 Montenegro • A Day in the Life of Day 8 Visit Salento • Cocora Valley the Coffee Triangle • Home-Hosted Lunch • Destination: Coffee Triangle • Included Meals: Breakfast, Lunch, Dinner • Destination: Coffee Triangle • $FFRPPRGDWLRQV(VWUHOODGHO0RQWH • Included Meals: Breakfast, Lunch, Dinner or similar • $FFRPPRGDWLRQV(VWUHOODGHO0RQWH or similar Activity Note: Today’s exploration of Corcora National Park includes a 4-mile uphill hike over Activity Note: If Day 7 of this itinerary falls on a steep hills and uneven terrain. Travelers do not 6DWXUGD\RU6XQGD\WUDYHOHUVZLOOLQVWHDGKLNH have to participate in this hike if they feel it through a cloud forest in Cocora, and visit a PD\EHWRRGLIͫFXOW working hacienda on Day 8. Breakfast: At the hotel. Breakfast: At the hotel.

Itinerary Subject to Change. For Information or reservations, call 1-800-955-1925

14 Morning7KHͫQDOWXUQLQRXUWULDQJOHLVWKH Morning: Today, we head to the airport for our region around Armenia, once a way station on ͬLJKWIURP3HUHLUDYLD%RJRW£WR&DUWDJHQDRQ WKHPDUFKRI6LPµQ%ROLYDU:HYLVLW6DOHQWRD Colombia’s Caribbean coast. 19th-century village perched on a plateau over Lunch: On your own. You may want to get the Quindío River, where we’ll learn about the something to eat at the airport. process of roasting coffee. We’ll witness local baristas making “latte art,” decorative patterns Afternoon: We’ll touch down in Cartagena in the foam on espresso drinks. Going beyond LQWKHODWHDIWHUQRRQ2IͫFLDOO\NQRZQDV the common leaf or heart patterns frequently Cartagena de Indias—so named because VHHQLQ86FDI«VWKH̡ODWWHDUWLVWV̢KHUHRIWHQ 6SDQLVKH[SORUHUVEHOLHYHGWKHSRUWZRXOG “draw” animals, faces, and more with coffee become part of a spice trade route to and foam. ,QGLD̜&DUWDJHQDLVRQHRI6RXWK$PHULFD̞V loveliest cities. Presiding over sandy Then we discover that coffee is not the only beaches and azure ocean views, Cartagena treasured resource here when we explore still exudes both a colonial elegance and a Corcora National Park. We’ll travel through WURSLFDO&DULEEHDQͬDYRU)URPLWVLQFHSWLRQ the valley in yipaos, colorfully decorated Cartagena’s riches made it a tempting target Jeeps which are used in local parades and for pirates, as well as British and French forces, celebrations, and take a guided hike near the DQG6SDLQVSHQWODYLVKO\RQLWVIRUWLͫFDWLRQV cloud forest. a large portion of which have survived the Lunch: At a local restaurant, featuring regional centuries. specialties. We’ll check in to our hotel when we arrive in Afternoon:H̞OOUHWXUQWR6DOHQWRZLWKIUHH the afternoon. Depending on where we stay, our time to explore the town further. You may hotel will likely be situated within the walled FKRRVHWRVWUROOWKH&DOOH5HDO6DOHQWR̞VPDLQ historic section of Cartagena and feature a roof street, which gives a glimpse into times past, deck with a swimming pool and Jacuzzi, and DVPDQ\EXLOGLQJVVWLOOUHͬHFWWKHbahareque an on-site restaurant. Rooms typically have air cane-and-mud construction style. Here, you conditioning, a minibar, wireless Internet, and can browse the local handcrafts shops. en suite bathroom.

Dinner: At the hotel, featuring Then you’ll have some time to settle in and Colombian cuisine. explore the city. Perhaps you’ll stroll to Parque Fernandez de Madrid, which was the setting Evening: You have the freedom to spend the for much of the novel Love in the Time of rest of your evening as you wish—ask your Trip Cholera, by noted Colombian author Gabriel ([SHULHQFH/HDGHUIRUUHFRPPHQGDWLRQV García Marquez.

Day 9 Fly to Cartagena Dinner: At our hotel this evening, featuring dishes inspired by Colombia’s coastal Caribbean • Destination: Cartagena location. • Included Meals: Breakfast, Dinner • Accommodations: Hotel Bantu or similar Evening: You have the freedom to spend the rest of your evening as you wish—ask your Trip Breakfast: At the hotel. ([SHULHQFH/HDGHUIRUUHFRPPHQGDWLRQV

Itinerary Subject to Change. For Information or reservations, call 1-800-955-1925

15 Day 10 Explore Cartagena • Cumbia Day 11 Cartagena • San Felipe Castle • dancing lesson Getsemani walk • Destination: Cartagena • Destination: Cartagena • Included Meals: Breakfast, Lunch • Included Meals: Breakfast, Dinner • Accommodations: Hotel Bantu or similar • Accommodations: Hotel Bantu or similar

Breakfast: At the hotel. Breakfast: At the hotel.

Morning: We begin our day in Cartagena’s Morning: We’ll head to one of Cartagena’s oldest section, the Ciudad Amurallada, or most conspicuous and commanding structures, Walled City, which is encircled by twelve-foot WKHWKFHQWXU\6DQ)HOLSH&DVWOH)URPLWV stone walls and considered to be one of the inception, Cartagena’s riches were desired by best-preserved walled cities in the world. Then, FRDVWDOSLUDWHVDQGGHIHQGHGE\6SDQLDUGVZKR ZH̞OOVWUROOWKURXJKWKHQDUURZͬRZHUOLQHG eventually built the fortress to protect their VWUHHWVRIWKLV81(6&2:RUOG+HULWDJH6LWH SUL]HGFLW\([SORUHWKHODE\ULQWKLQHWXQQHOV After, we’ll discover Cumbia, a Latin America that run underground, or enjoy panoramic dance style, during a dance lesson. views of the city from atop the castle walls. We then take a walking tour of the Getsemani Then we’ll head to Bocagrande, a neighborhood neighborhood, the oldest part of the city, to known for its scenic stretches of beaches delve into the local history. and trendy restaurants. We’ll have some time here to explore and soak up the gentle Later this morning, we experience a local Caribbean breeze. mode of transportation with a ride on a chiva, a vibrantly painted bus, while listening to a live Lunch: At a local restaurant, featuring musical performance. We’ll take our chiva to La Colombian cuisine. Boquilla, a small village near the beach. During Afternoon: We’ll visit a local jewelry shop that our time here, we’ll have the opportunity to specializes in emeralds. You can shop around interact with residents to get local perspectives for souvenirs here before we return to our hotel. of life here. Then we’ll return by bus to You have the rest of the afternoon on your own our hotel. to make independent discoveries. Lunch:2Q\RXURZQ̜DVN\RXU7ULS([SHULHQFH Dinner: On your own—ask your Trip Leader for local restaurant recommendations. ([SHULHQFH/HDGHUIRUORFDOUHVWDXUDQW Afternoon: Free for making your own recommendations. discoveries. Perhaps you’ll visit the massive Evening: You have the freedom to spend the cathedral on Plaza Bolívar, completed in 1602 rest of your evening as you wish—ask your Trip DIWHUEHLQJSDUWLDOO\GHVWUR\HGLQE\6LU ([SHULHQFH/HDGHUIRUUHFRPPHQGDWLRQV Francis Drake. Or examine the treasure trove of gold and ceramics found at the Museo de Oro y Arquelogía.

In the early evening, a traditional carriage ride through the historic neighborhoods of Cartagena will bring us to a Farewell Dinner.

Itinerary Subject to Change. For Information or reservations, call 1-800-955-1925

16 Dinner: At a local restaurant, where we’ll dine on local specialties and toast the discoveries we’ve made in Colombia.

Evening: You have the freedom to spend your ͫQDOQLJKWLQ&RORPELDDV\RXZLVK̜DVN\RXU 7ULS([SHULHQFH/HDGHUIRUUHFRPPHQGDWLRQV

Day 12 Cartagena • Return to U.S. or begin post-trip extension • Included Meals: Breakfast

Breakfast: At the hotel.

Morning: We transfer to the airport for our ͬLJKWKRPH2UEHJLQ\RXURSWLRQDOSRVWWULS extension to Ecuador: The Andes & the Devil’s Nose Train.

Itinerary Subject to Change. For Information or reservations, call 1-800-955-1925

17 OPTIONAL TOURS

'XULQJ\RXUWULS\RXZLOOEHDEOHWRERRNRSWLRQDOWRXUVGLUHFWO\ZLWK\RXU7ULS([SHULHQFH/HDGHU+H RUVKHZLOODVN\RXWRFRQͫUPWKHSD\PHQWIRUWKHVHWRXUVE\ͫOOLQJRXWDSD\PHQWIRUP2SWLRQDOWRXUV can only be purchased with a credit or debit card. We accept Visa, MasterCard, and Discover credit cards. We also accept Visa and MasterCard debit cards, but it must be a debit card that allows you to sign for purchases.

In order to correctly process these charges, there can be a delay of 2-3 months from the date of your return for the charges to be posted to your account. Therefore we ask that you use a card that will not expire in the 2-3 months following your return.

Please note: Optional tour prices are listed in U.S. dollar estimates determined at the time of publication and are subject to change. Optional tours may vary.

Local Market & Urban Street Art Tour (Day 3 $95 per person)

This Optional Tour combines two different, energetic sides of Bogotá. We’ll start our journey with a visit to a local produce market ZKHUHZH̞OOVWUROOWKURXJKVWDOOVͫOOHGZLWK DURPDWLFKHUEVIUHVKFXWͬRZHUVH[RWLF IUXLWVDQGORFDOPHDWDQGͫVK:H̞OOOHDUQKRZ ORFDOVͫQGGLIIHUHQWZD\VWRPDNHDOLYLQJDQG interact with the vendors. Then, we’ll explore WKHFLW\̞VXUEDQJUDIͫWLVFHQH:H̞OOH[SORUH a variety of neighborhoods and discover the many colorful and often political expressions WKDWFRYHUWKHFLW\̞VZDOOV6WUHHWDUWLVWVDQG locals involved in the art scene will guide us through the streets and tell us about the history DQGPHDQLQJRIWKHJUDIͫWLJLYLQJXVDGHHSHU understanding of their culture and society’s struggles.

Itinerary Subject to Change. For Information or reservations, call 1-800-955-1925

18 PRE-TRIP Bolivia: La Paz & Lake Titicaca

INCLUDED IN YOUR PRICE

» Airfare from La Paz to Bogotá » 6HUYLFHVRIDORFDO2$77ULS » Accommodations for 4 nights in La Paz and ([SHULHQFH/HDGHU 1 night in Copacabana » Gratuities for local guides, drivers, and »1 2 meals—6 breakfasts, 3 lunches, luggage porters and 3 dinners » All transfers » 9 small group activities

PRE-TRIP EXTENSION ITINERARY

From the shores of Lake Titicaca to the blend of modern and ancient cultures in La Paz, countless discoveries await you in Bolivia. Journey here before you travel to Colombia and explore Andean landscapes, visit indigenous villages, and discover ancient ruins that pre-date the Inca Empire.

Day 1 Depart U.S. Early Morning: Arrive in La Paz before dawn today, where an O.A.T. representative meets Activity Note : For travelers who choose to make you at the airport and assists with the transfer their own air arrangements and arrive this to our hotel. Depending on where we stay, our evening, the hotel for the La Paz portion of our hotel will likely be located in La Paz’s exclusive adventure will be available. Calacoto neighborhood and feature an on-site Afternoon/Evening'HSDUWWKH86WRGD\RQ UHVWDXUDQWDQGEDUDVZHOODVDKHDWHGLQͫQLW\ \RXURYHUQLJKWͬLJKWWR%ROLYLD pool. Typical rooms include en suite bathrooms, wireless Internet, air conditioning, hairdryers, and in-room safes. Day 2 Arrive La Paz, Bolivia • Explore La Paz Breakfast: At the hotel.

• Destination: La Paz Morning

Itinerary Subject to Change. For Information or reservations, call 1-800-955-1925

19 review our itinerary in more detail (including Next, we’ll head to downtown La Paz where any changes that may need to occur). Our Trip we’ll enjoy a guided tour, starting out with ([SHULHQFH/HDGHUZLOODOVRGLVFXVVORJLVWLFV WKHQHLJKERUKRRGRI(O3UDGR$YHQXH0XULOOR safety and emergency procedures, and answer 3OD]DDQG6DQ)UDQFLVFR&KXUFK:KLOH6XFUH questions we may have. LVWKHRIͫFLDOFDSLWDOFLW\RI%ROLYLD/D3D] is the country’s second-largest city, and is Then, we’ll begin our explorations of La Paz often considered its de facto capital. We’ll with an orientation walk around our hotel’s learn more about its current status and get vicinity, in the city’s southern aspect. We an introduction to its history as we stroll past return to our hotel in the late afternoon, and buildings that range from colonial cathedrals you’ll have some free time to relax or continue to the skyscrapers of the present day. And making your own discoveries. we’ll also take in some of the city’s striking Dinner: We’ll enjoy a Welcome Dinner at our settings as we walk, catching glimpses of the hotel. Get to know your fellow travelers and surrounding Andes Mountains, including the toast to the discoveries to come as your dine on three snowcapped peaks of towering Illimani, typical Bolivian cuisine. the name of which comes from the indigenous Aymara people who lived here before the Incas, Evening: You have the freedom to spend and whose descendants still dwell in Bolivia. \RXUͫUVWHYHQLQJLQ%ROLYLD̜DVN\RXU7ULS ([SHULHQFH/HDGHUIRUUHFRPPHQGDWLRQV Then, we’ll visit some of the local mercados (markets), which are wonderful places to Day 3 Explore La Paz • Discover the Valley meet the people of La Paz—from well-dressed professionals to itinerant street vendors and of the Moon Andean women in their traditional garments • Destination: La Paz of brightly colored multi-layered skirts and • Included Meals: Breakfast, Lunch bowler hats. We’ll also visit the Witches’ • Accommodations: Atix Hotel or similar Market, where indigenous people sell plants, potions, and talismans used in ancient Aymara Activity Note: La Paz is at an altitude of 12,000 curandero (healing) rituals, and yatiri (witch feet. We recommend staying hydrated while at doctors) offer their fortune-telling services. high altitude. Travelers may rest at the hotel if necessary. Lunch: At a local restaurant, featuring typical Bolivian dishes. Breakfast: At the hotel. Afternoon: We’ll head south of the city to Morning: We’ll drive to the Killi Killi mirador, discover the Valley of the Moon. This rugged or scenic viewpoint, at the northern outskirts of and fantastical landscape features deep gullies, La Paz that offers incredible city and mountain oddly shaped outcroppings, and spindly stone vistas. From here, we can appreciate the unique spires, all formed by centuries of erosion. We’ll topography of La Paz—a mountain-ringed take a short hike through the valley, returning city shaped somewhat like a bowl, with brick to our hotel in La Paz later in the afternoon. buildings and workshops perched on the rim You’ll have some free time to rest or explore and a dense city center bustling below—as well more of the city on your own. as the rugged landscape of the Altiplano.

Itinerary Subject to Change. For Information or reservations, call 1-800-955-1925

20 Dinner: On your own—ask your Trip Lunch:2Q\RXURZQ̜DVN\RXU7ULS([SHULHQFH ([SHULHQFH/HDGHUIRUORFDOUHVWDXUDQW Leader for local restaurant recommendations. recommendations. Afternoon: We set out on a walking tour of Evening: You have the freedom to spend the the village. The name Copacabana is thought rest of your evening as you wish—ask your Trip to derive from the Aymara word for “view of ([SHULHQFH/HDGHUIRUUHFRPPHQGDWLRQV WKHODNH̢DQGLW̞VDͫWWLQJQDPH̜WKHYLHZV across the lake to the snow-draped peaks of Day 4 La Paz • Overland to Lake Titicaca • the Andean range are magical, and its easy Explore Copacabana to see why this site has been considered a sacred place for centuries. We’ll learn more • Destination: Copacabana about Copacabana’s spiritual heritage—and • Included Meals: Breakfast, Dinner get a good look at Lake Titicaca—as we • Accommodations: Hotel Rosario del Lago explore. In addition to the striking scenery, or similar our tour includes the Basilica of Our Lady Breakfast: At the hotel. of Copacabana, the religious heart of this centuries-old community, and an important Morning: We depart La Paz for the village pilgrimage site for Bolivians throughout of Copacabana, set on the broad, blue banks the country. of Lake Titicaca. During our ride, we’ll have another chance to view the Andean landscapes, Dinner: At the hotel, featuring regional as we cross through the mountains on our way specialties. to the lakeshore. Evening: You have the freedom to spend the We’ll stop en route to meet some of the rest of your evening as you wish—ask your Trip indigenous people whose ancestors have lived ([SHULHQFH/HDGHUIRUUHFRPPHQGDWLRQV around Lake Titicaca for millennia. They are known for their use of balsas, traditional boats Day 5 Copacabana • Cruise Lake Titicaca handcrafted from totora, the marsh reeds that • Discover the Island of the Sun • grow in the shallow water by the shore. The Overland to La Paz YHVVHOVDUHSULPDULO\XVHGIRUͫVKLQJDQGDUH • Destination: La Paz VRPHWLPHVDIͫ[HGZLWKVDLOVDOVRPDGHIURP • Included Meals: Breakfast, Lunch reeds. We’ll witness the construction of these traditional boats during our travels today, and • Accommodations: Atix Hotel or similar we’ll also get a chance to board a more modern Breakfast: At the hotel. ERDWRXUVHOYHVDVZHFURVVWKH7LTXLQD6WUDLWWR Morning: We cruise the historic waters of reach Copacabana. Lake Titicaca. The highest navigable lake on 8SRQRXUDUULYDOZH̞OOFKHFNLQWRRXUKRWHO (DUWKDWIHHW/DNH7LWLFDFDFRYHUV which will likely feature a restaurant, terrace more than 3,800 square miles. Beyond its clear JULOODQGFRPPRQDUHDͫUHSODFHDVZHOODV water, many islands, and the Andes Mountains YLHZVRI/DNH7LWLFDFD(DVWURRPW\SLFDOO\ that rise behind it, the lake holds a cherished offers a private bathroom, hair dryer, cable TV, place in Inca and pre-Inca history. According and telephone. to Andean legend, a pair of gods rose from the waters of Lake Titicaca to found the Inca empire, and the Indian people who live in the

Itinerary Subject to Change. For Information or reservations, call 1-800-955-1925

21 small settlements around the lake believe that of Lake Titicaca used by a pre-Inca civilization the Isla del Sol ,VODQGRIWKH6XQ DQGIsla de la reaching back to 600 BC. The people of this Luna(Island of the Moon) are the sites of this ancient city were excellent artisans and left mythic moment of creation. behind a series of mysterious monoliths, mostly in granite; as well as a pyramid, temple, We’ll delve into this ancient history today, and aqueducts. This was a well-planned city, as our boat ride takes us to the Island of the seat of one of the Americas’ most powerful 6XQ7KLVURFN\ODQGPDVVLVWKHODUJHVWLVODQG and organized civilizations, and today it is in Lake Titicaca, and while it has no motor GHVLJQDWHGD81(6&2:RUOG+HULWDJH6LWH vehicles or paved roads, it is home to a number of indigenous families who dwell amidst its We’ll begin our discoveries of Tiwanaku at the patchwork of ancient agricultural terraces. site’s two museums, the Lytic Museum—which We’ll have a chance to meet some of the houses several large stone objects, including a local people as we visit the hilltop village of monolith representing Pachamama, or Mother Yumani—from which we’ll enjoy views of the (DUWK̜DQGWKH&HUDPLF0XVHXPKRPHWRWKH Island of the Moon—and we’ll also discover one surviving art and artifacts of the lost culture of the island’s many ruins: the archaeological of this ancient city. Then, we explore the site of Pilko Kaina, an ancient Inca palace. monumental ruins of Tiwanaku.

Lunch: At a local restaurant on the Island of the Lunch: At a nearby restaurant, featuring 6XQIHDWXULQJIUHVKORFDOLQJUHGLHQWV Bolivian fare.

Afternoon: We return to Copacabana by boat. Afternoon: We continue our discoveries at From there, we depart for La Paz, traveling the Pumapunku temple complex, the massive overland for about fours. When we arrive in the stone slabs of which provide a vantage point for city, we’ll check into the same hotel we stayed looking out over the surrounding plains. LQRQRXUͫUVWQLJKWLQ/D3D] Later this afternoon, we return to La Paz, Dinner: On your own—ask your Trip where we enjoy a little time for independent ([SHULHQFH/HDGHUIRUORFDOUHVWDXUDQW exploration. recommendations. Dinner: At the hotel, featuring Evening: You have the freedom to spend the traditional dishes. rest of your evening as you wish—ask your Trip Evening: You have the freedom to spend the ([SHULHQFH/HDGHUIRUUHFRPPHQGDWLRQV rest of your evening as you wish—ask your Trip ([SHULHQFH/HDGHUIRUUHFRPPHQGDWLRQV Day 6 La Paz • Discover Tiwanaku • Destination: La Paz Day 7 La Paz • Fly to Bogotá, Colombia • Included Meals: Breakfast, Lunch, Dinner • Destination: Bogotá • Accommodations: Atix Hotel or similar • Included Meals: Breakfast Breakfast: At the hotel. Activity Note: We have a very early morning Morning: We’ll drive to the site of Bolivia’s WRGD\WRFDWFKRXUͬLJKWWR%RJRW£ most important archaeological site: Tiwanaku, Early Morning: We rise early and check out of a ceremonial location on the southern shore our hotel. We then transfer to the airport.

Itinerary Subject to Change. For Information or reservations, call 1-800-955-1925

22 Breakfast: We’ll enjoy a boxed breakfast during our transfer.

Morning:Hͬ\WR%RJRW£ZKHUHZHEHJLQRXU discovery of Colombia’s Colonial Jewels & the Coffee Triangle.

Itinerary Subject to Change. For Information or reservations, call 1-800-955-1925

23 POST-TRIP Ecuador: The Andes & the Devil’s Nose Train

INCLUDED IN YOUR PRICE

» Airfare from Cartagena to Quito and from » 6HUYLFHVRIDORFDO2$77ULS Guayaquil to Quito ([SHULHQFH/HDGHU » Accommodations for 1 night in Riobamba, 3 » Gratuities for local guides, drivers, and nights in Cuenca, and 3 nights in Quito luggage porters » 18 meals—7 breakfasts, 6 lunches, 5 dinners » All transfers » 6 small group activities

POST-TRIP EXTENSION ITINERARY

Experience the Andean side of Ecuador, a region of snowcapped volcanoes, traditional cultures, and a dramatic rail route. From local markets in the countryside to Spanish colonial Cuenca, you’ll meet the people who call this scenic region home. Join us to discover more of South America’s cultural and natural diversity.

Day 1 Fly to Quito, Ecuador You’ll have some free time to settle in, and then RXUJURXSZLOOJDWKHUIRUD:HOFRPH%ULHͫQJ • Destination: Quito DWWKHKRWHO'XULQJWKLVEULHͫQJZHZLOO • Included Meals: Dinner introduce ourselves and review our itinerary in • Accommodations: NH Collection Quito Royal more detail (including any changes that may Hotel or similar QHHGWRRFFXU 2XU7ULS([SHULHQFH/HDGHUZLOO Morning: After concluding your Colombia’s also discuss logistics, safety and emergency Colonial Jewels & the Coffee Triangle adventure, procedures, and answer questions we may have. \RX̞OOWUDQVIHUWRWKHDLUSRUWDQGͬ\IURP Dinner: At the hotel, featuring typical &DUWDJHQDYLD%RJRW£WR4XLWR(FXDGRU (FXDGRULDQGLVKHV Lunch: On your own. You may like to pick Evening: You have the freedom to spend your something up at the airport to enjoy during ͫUVWHYHQLQJLQ4XLWRDV\RXZLVK̜DVN\RXU \RXUͬLJKW 7ULS([SHULHQFH/HDGHUIRUUHFRPPHQGDWLRQV Afternoon: We arrive in Quito mid-afternoon and transfer to our hotel, which will likely be Day 2 Travel to Riobamba ORFDWHGMXVWVWHSVDZD\IURP(FXDGRU̞V:RUOG • Destination: Riobamba Trade Center and feature a complimentary gym. Rooms typically offer a minibar, air • Included Meals: Breakfast, Lunch, Dinner conditioning, wireless Internet access, and a • Accommodations: Hacienda Abraspungo private en suite bathroom. or similar Breakfast: At the hotel.

Itinerary Subject to Change. For Information or reservations, call 1-800-955-1925

24 Morning: We depart Quito for Riobamba, Breakfast: At the hotel. following the Pan-American Highway along Morning: We take a ride on the Devil’s the Avenue of the Volcanoes. Here we’ll see Nose (Nariz del DiabloLQ6SDQLVK VHFWLRQRI rushing rivers descending from snowcapped (FXDGRU̞V7UDQV$QGHDQ5DLOZD\ZKHUHWKH $QGHVSHDNVWRZDWHUWKHIDUPͫHOGVRIWKHORFDO tracks make switchbacks to work their way SHRSOH7KLVSDUWRI(FXDGRULVKRPHWRPRUH through steep mountain terrain. This section of people of pure Incan and pre-Incan descent the railway was a feat of engineering originally than any other part of the country. We stop built to solve the problem of running trains along the way to visit a local market, where from the high-altitude capital of Quito to you’ll have time to browse stalls of traditional *XD\DTXLORQ(FXDGRU̞V3DFLͫF&RDVW2YHUWKH crafts and produce grown nearby. Next, we’ll years, other parts of the Trans-Andean Railroad visit a greenhouse where roses are cultivated. have fallen into disuse, but the tracks along the Lunch: At a local restaurant, featuring steep Devil’s Nose section continue to provide WUDGLWLRQDO(FXDGRULDQGLVKHV a thrilling ride. From the town of Alausi at the top, the route descends thousands of feet. The Afternoon: We continue our drive, arriving in ride then returns to Alausi. Riobamba around mid-afternoon. The city’s pastel-colored buildings and cobbled streets From there, we’ll board our bus and drive to linking elegant squares give it a colonial charm. Cuenca to begin our three-night stay. 7KHWRZHULQJ&KLPERUD]R9ROFDQR(FXDGRU̞V Lunch: We’ll enjoy a boxed lunch along the way. highest mountain, is visible from the city on clear days. We’ll check into our hotel, which Afternoon: We’ll continue our drive to Cuenca, will likely offer an on-site restaurant and arriving in the late afternoon. We’ll check EDUDVZHOODVPDQLFXUHGJDUGHQV(DFKURRP into our hotel, which will likely be located in typically includes wireless Internet and an en the city’s historic center and will include two suite bathroom. You’ll have some free time to on-site restaurants and a bar. Rooms typically settle in or head out to explore Riobamba after feature a telephone, cable TV, wireless Internet we check in. access, minibar, safe, and private bath with hair dryer. Dinner$WWKHKRWHOIHDWXULQJ(FXDGRULDQIDUH You’ll have a couple of hours of free time to Evening: You have the freedom to spend the relax or begin exploring on your own. rest of your evening as you wish—ask your Trip ([SHULHQFH/HDGHUIRUUHFRPPHQGDWLRQV Dinner: At the hotel, featuring regional specialties. Day 3 Ride Devil’s Nose Train • Evening: You have the freedom to spend the Overland to Cuenca rest of your evening as you wish—ask your Trip • Destination: Cuenca ([SHULHQFH/HDGHUIRUUHFRPPHQGDWLRQV • Included Meals: Breakfast, Lunch, Dinner • $FFRPPRGDWLRQV6DQWD/XFLD+RWHO or similar

Activity Note: Today’s drive to Cuenca will take about 4 hours, with stops along the way. The roads may at times be bumpy and winding.

Itinerary Subject to Change. For Information or reservations, call 1-800-955-1925

25 Day 4 Explore Cuenca • Panama Hat Dinner: On your own—ask your Trip Factory Tour ([SHULHQFH/HDGHUIRUORFDOUHVWDXUDQW recommendations. • Destination: Cuenca • Included Meals: Breakfast, Lunch Evening: You have the freedom to spend the • $FFRPPRGDWLRQV6DQWD/XFLD+RWHO rest of your evening as you wish—ask your Trip or similar ([SHULHQFH/HDGHUIRUUHFRPPHQGDWLRQV

Breakfast: At the hotel. Day 5 Visit Cajas National Park Morning: Today we discover Cuenca and its • Destination: Cuenca traditions during a tour of the city, which is 8,200 feet above sea level. Cuenca has been • Included Meals: Breakfast, Lunch, Dinner UHFRJQL]HGDVD81(6&2:RUOG+HULWDJH6LWH • $FFRPPRGDWLRQV6DQWD/XFLD+RWHO EHFDXVHRILWVZHOOSUHVHUYHG6SDQLVK&RORQLDO or similar architecture. The skyline is dotted with church Breakfast: At the hotel. domes, and four rivers wind through the charming cityscape of gardens, cobblestone Morning: We’ll drive from Cuenca into the streets, and ironwork balconies. We’ll explore mountains to visit Cajas National Park (Parque the Abdon Calderon Park, the New Cathedral Nacional Cajas), where we’ll experience the EHJXQLQ DORFDOPDUNHWDQGWKH̡(O Andean páramo—a diverse set of ecoregions. Barranco” area in this bustling city of more Here, we’ll take in the sites and sounds of than 500,000 people. We’ll also take in the Llaviucu Lake’s serene landscape—perhaps panoramic view of Cuenca from Turi Hill. we’ll have some time to bird watch as we Following Turi Hill, we’ll visit a workshop to explore. The park offers vistas of pristine see the hand-woven shawls called macanas mountain scenery including 270 glacially being made. formed lakes and lagoons, and is home to birds and wildlife characteristic of the heights of Next, we’ll visit an orchid farm. Cuenca is the Andes. IDPRXVIRULWVͬRZHUVDQGWKHIDUPZHYLVLW specializes in the cultivation, reproduction and Lunch: At a local restaurant, featuring sale of many kinds of orchids. (FXDGRULDQIDUH

Lunch: At a local restaurant, featuring Afternoon: We’ll return to Cuenca, and you’ll WUDGLWLRQDO(FXDGRULDQGLVKHV have some free time to explore independently. Perhaps, weather permitting, you’ll choose to Afternoon: We’ll board our bus and drive to a visit the Pumapungo Inca ruins. Toquilla factory, where Panama hats are made. Despite their name, these iconic hats were Dinner: At a local restaurant, featuring RULJLQDOO\FUHDWHGLQ(FXDGRUZKHUHWKH\ZHUH traditional dishes. woven by hand. We’ll have a chance to learn Evening: You have the freedom to spend the about the craft of making Panama hats during rest of your evening as you wish—ask your Trip our tour of the factory. We return to our hotel in ([SHULHQFH/HDGHUIRUUHFRPPHQGDWLRQV Cuenca afterwards.

Itinerary Subject to Change. For Information or reservations, call 1-800-955-1925

26 Day 6 Transfer to Guayaquil • Day 7 Discover Quito Flight to Quito • Destination: Quito • Destination: Quito • Included Meals: Breakfast, Lunch, Dinner • Included Meals: Breakfast, Lunch • Accommodations: NH Collection Quito Royal • Accommodations: NH Collection Quito Royal Hotel or similar Hotel or similar Breakfast: At the hotel. Breakfast: At the hotel. Morning: Today we’ll explore Quito, beginning Morning: We depart for our overland transfer with visits to the equator and the Intiñan to Guayaquil, which will take us over the Museum. Then we’ll explore the city’s majestic Andes Mountains—a high-altitude KLVWRULFFHQWHUD81(6&2:RUOG+HULWDJH environment of low-growing plants, the 6LWHͫOOHGZLWKZHOOSUHVHUYHG6SDQLVK 6RXWK$PHULFDQYHUVLRQRIDOSLQHWXQGUD Colonial architecture including the La Basilica (OHYDWLRQVLQWKHSDUNUDQJHIURPIHHW church. We’ll walk through Independence to its high point, the top of the mountain Plaza and by the Presidential Palace and La named Cerro Arquitectos, at 14,600 feet. On Compania church. the way, we’ll stop at the highest point of Lunch: At a local restaurant, featuring the the Biosphere Reserve at Cajas National Park. (FXDGRULDQVSHFLDOWLHVZHKDYHFRPHWRNQRZ 7KHSDUNLVSURWHFWHGE\81(6&2DQGLVKRPH to vast stretches of evergreen cloud forests Afternoon: We’ll immerse ourselves in the local and hundreds of lakes. We’ll then stop at a FXOWXUHGXULQJDVWUROOGRZQ/D5RQGD6WUHHW family-run farm that grows cacao (cocoa a cobblestoned street brimming with colonial plants), mango, and citrus. We’ll learn about charm. Then, we’ll return to our hotel, and the cultivation process and discover many of you’ll have a few hours of free time to rest or to the fresh fruits that the farm grows. continue exploring on your own.

Lunch: At the farm, featuring a meal prepared Dinner:H̞OOJDWKHUDͫQDOWLPHDVDVPDOO with fresh, local ingredients. group for a Farewell Dinner. We’ll enjoy traditional dishes and toast to the memories Afternoon: We’ll continue our drive to we’ve made. Guayaquil, where we’ll proceed to the airport IRURXUͬLJKWWR4XLWR:H̞OODUULYHLQ4XLWRLQ Evening: You have the freedom to spend your the late afternoon and transfer to our hotel, last evening in Quito as you wish—you may which is the same hotel we stayed at during our choose to retire to your room early to pack, or ͫUVWQLJKWLQ4XLWR to have a nightcap at a nearby bar with your fellow travelers. Dinner: On your own—ask your Trip ([SHULHQFH/HDGHUIRUORFDOUHVWDXUDQW recommendations. Day 8 Depart for U.S. • Included Meals: Breakfast Evening: You have the freedom to spend the rest of your evening as you wish—ask your Trip Breakfast: At the hotel. ([SHULHQFH/HDGHUIRUUHFRPPHQGDWLRQV Morning: Transfer to the airport for your UHWXUQͬLJKWWRWKH86

Itinerary Subject to Change. For Information or reservations, call 1-800-955-1925

27

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT THIS TRIP:

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reserve your departure of this trip, which outlines everything you’ll need to know before and during your adventure. What’s more, our Adventure Specialists will be ready and eager to address any additional questions you may have.

With all of our resources available to you, enjoy peace of mind … and look forward to the incredible discoveries that await.

28 CONTENTS

TRAVEL DOCUMENTS & ENTRY REQUIREMENTS...... 30

HEALTH ......
32

MONEYMATTERS ......
37

Top Tips

Local Currency

Tipping Guidelines

PREPARING FOR  TRIP
...... 41

PACKING ...... 44

CLIMATE...... 50

ABOUT YOUR DESTINATION ...... 53

Culture & Points to Know

Shopping

DEMOGRAPHICS & HISTORY
...... 58

RESOURCES ......
68

29 TRAVEL DOCUMENTS & ENTRY REQUIREMENTS

Your Passport • Must be in good condition

• Must be valid for at least 6 months after your scheduled return to the U.S.

• Must have the required number of blank pages (details below)

• The blank pages must be labeled “Visas” at the top. Pages labeled “Amendments and Endorsements” are not acceptable

Need to Renew Your Passport? Contact the National Passport Information Center (NPIC) at 1-877-487-2778, or visit their website at www.travel.state.gov for information on obtaining a new passport or renewing your existing passport. You may also contact our recommended visa service company, PVS International, at 1-800-556-9990 for help with your passport

Recommended Blank Pages 3OHDVHFRQͫUPWKDW\RXUSDVVSRUWKDVHQRXJKEODQNSDJHVIRUWKLVDGYHQWXUH

• Main trip only: If you are taking only the main trip, you will require 2 blank passport pages.

• Extension to La Paz & Lake Titicaca: You will need 1 more page, for a total of 3.

• Extension in Ecuador: You will need 1 more page, for a total of 3.

• Both a pre- and a post-trip extension: You will need 2 more pages, for a total of 4.

Visas Required We’ll be sending you a detailed Visa Packet with instructions, application forms, and fees about 100 days prior to your departure. In the meantime, we’re providing the information below as a guideline on what to expect. This info is for U.S. citizens only. All visas and fees are subject to change.

• Colombia (main trip)—no visa needed: For U.S. citizens, no visa is required for entry into Colombia for stays of up to 90 days.

• Bolivia (optional extension)—visa required. We recommend you obtain it in advance. Although this visa may be obtained upon your arrival, we recommend you obtain it in advance. Bolivia will also require vaccination documentation; see “Yellow Fever Vaccination—Documentation Needed” for details.

• Ecuador (optional extension)—no visa needed: U.S. citizens do not need a visa for stays of less than 90 days in Ecuador.

30 Traveling Without a U.S. Passport? If you are not a U.S. citizen, or if your passport is from any country other than the U.S., it is your responsibility to check with your local consulate, embassy, or a visa services company about visa requirements. We recommend the services of PVS International, a national visa service located in Washington D.C.; they can be reached at 1-800-556-9990 or www.pvsinternational.org.

Traveling With a Minor? Some governments may require certain documentation for minors to enter and depart the country or to obtain a visa (if applicable). For further detail on the required documentation, please contact your local embassy or consulate.

Emergency Photocopies of Key Documents We recommend you carry color photocopies of key documents including the photo page of your passport plus any applicable visas, air itinerary, credit cards (front and back), and an alternative form of ID. Add emergency phone numbers like your credit card company and the number for your travel protection plan. Store copies separate from the originals.

If you plan to email this information to yourself, please keep in mind that email is not always secure; consider using password protection or encryption. Also email is not always available ZRUOGZLGH$VDQDOWHUQDWLYH\RXFRXOGORDGWKHVHGRFXPHQWVRQWRDͬDVKGULYHLQVWHDGZKLFK can do double-duty as a place to backup photos during your trip.

Overseas Taxes & Fees This tour may have taxes and fees that cannot be included in your airline ticket price because you are required to pay them in person onsite. All taxes are subject to change without notice and can be paid in cash (either U.S. or local currency). If applicable, you will receive a list of these fees with your Final Documents.

Hotel Letter for Minors Colombia in particular is very strict about traveling with minors if you are not their parent. Not only will you need documentation to enter the country, but also a permission letter from a parent for hotel stays. If you will be traveling with a minor who is not your child—such as a grandchild, niece/nephew, or ward—you must contact both us (so we can document your relationship to the minor in question) and the embassy of Colombia (to be advised on exactly what documents are need).

31 HEALTH

Is This Adventure Right for You? Please review the information below prior to departing on this adventure. We reserve the right for our Trip Experience Leaders to modify participation, or in some circumstances send travelers home, if their condition would adversely affect the health, safety, or enjoyment of themselves or of other travelers.

PACING • ORFDWLRQVLQGD\VZLWKRQHQLJKWVWD\LQWHUQDOͬLJKWVHDUO\PRUQLQJV

PHYSICAL REQUIREMENTS • Not appropriate for travelers using wheelchairs, walkers, or other mobility aids

• You must be able to walk 3 miles unassisted and participate in 6-8 hours of physical activities each day including stairs

• Our activites include exploring Bogotá at an 8,000-foot altitude on Days 2 and 3; and a 4-mile uphill hike with uneven terrain and steep hills on Day 8 in Cocora Valley.

• We reserve the right for Trip Experience Leaders to restrict participation, or in some circumstances send travelers home, if their limitations impact the group’s experience

ALTITUDE • 5 full days at altitudes between 8,600-10,000 feet

CLIMATE • Daytime temperatures range from 40-60°F in Bogotá, 70-80°F in Medellín, and 80-90°F with high humidity in Cartagena

• Wet seasons are April-May and October-November in Bogotá and Medellín; Cartagena receives a fair amount of rainfall year-round

TERRAIN & TRANSPORTATION • Travel on city streets, rugged paths and trails, cobblestone roads, and uneven ground

• You must be able to walk up and down steep hills and stairs unassisted in high altitude areas

• Agility and balance are required for boarding carriages

• Travel by 20-passenger minibus (no toilet on board), horse-drawn carriage, Jeep, aerial tram, local bus, and moto taxi

• LQWHUQDOͬLJKWVRIDSSUR[LPDWHO\KRXUHDFK

32 ACCOMMODATIONS & FACILITIES • Hotel standard accommodations with hot showers and Western-style toilets

• Stay at a hacienda with limited services and no air-conditioning in the Coffee Triangle & Bogotá

• All accommodations feature private baths

Steps to Take Before Your Trip Before you leave on this adventure, we recommend the following:

• Check with the CDC for their recommendations for the countries you’ll be visiting. You can contact them online at http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel or by phone at 1-800-232-4636.

• Have a medical checkup with your doctor at least 6 weeks before your trip.

• Pick up any necessary medications, both prescription and over-the-counter.

• Have a dental and/or eye checkup. (Recommended, but less urgent)

Yellow Fever Vaccination—Documentation Needed The yellow fever requirements vary depending on if you are taking the pre-trip extension to Bolivia.

• Travelers who are going to Bolivia must bring EITHER proof of a yellow fever vaccination 25DQRIͫFLDOYDFFLQDWLRQZDLYHU GRFWRU̞VOHWWHU 

• Travelers who are not taking the extension to Bolivia are also encouraged to bring one of these two documents, but it is a suggestion rather than a requirement.

While the CDC offers a wide range of vaccination and medication suggestions, there is one in particular that we’d like to draw your attention to—the yellow fever vaccine. For some countries, a yellow fever vaccination is a legal entry requirement, like a passport. For other countries, it is a health recommendation to protect you from getting sick. On this adventure, a yellow fever vaccination is a health recommendation for Colombia but can be a legal requirement for Bolivia. )RUWXQDWHO\ERWK%ROLYLDDQG&RORPELDZLOODFFHSWDQRIͫFLDOGRFWRU̞VZDLYHULQSODFHRIWKH actual shot.

You should discuss the vaccine with your doctor to see if he or she recommends it and if your health allows for it. (He or she can offer a suggestion tailored to your personal medical history.) We recommend that you research costs before making a decision as the yellow fever vaccination can be expensive and is not covered by most insurance plans. If you and your doctor decide the vaccination is right for you, then he or she will issue you a Yellow Fever Card, also called an ,QWHUQDWLRQDO&HUWLͫFDWHRI9DFFLQDWLRQ7KLVLV\RXUSURRIRIYDFFLQDWLRQ\RXVKRXOGEULQJLWZLWK you on the trip.

If you and your doctor decide the vaccination isn’t right for you, then have your doctor issue an RIͫFLDOYDFFLQDWLRQZDLYHU$QRIͫFLDOZDLYHULVDOHWWHUWKDWPHHWVWKHVHUHTXLUHPHQWV

33 • It must be on business letterhead paper or on the Yellow Fever Card itself. (Some versions of the card have a space for this purpose.)

• It must be signed by a doctor.

• It must be stamped using the same stamp that the doctor uses on a Yellow Fever Card.

• It must state the reason for the waiver. (For example: “patient has compromised immune system” or “patient is at high risk for severe side effects”.)

Remember, you may not be asked to show any documentation at all in Bolivia or Colombia—it DOOGHSHQGVRQWKHORFDORIͫFLDO%XWLI\RXDUHDVNHG\RXPXVWEHDEOHWRSURGXFH(,7+(5 your Yellow Fever Card OR your waiver.,QWKHRU\WKHORFDORIͫFLDOVVKRXOGQRWDVN\RXIRU any documentation because you will be arriving from a country that is not a yellow fever risk WKH86 +RZHYHURXUUHJLRQDORIͫFHUHSRUWVWKDWPDQ\%ROLYLDQSDVVSRUWFRQWURORIͫFHUVDVN anyway. Plus some airlines will ask to see this before they will let you board the plane to Bolivia. You are more likely to be asked in Bolivia than in Colombia, but having the documentation is still suggested for Colombia.

Medication Suggestions • An antibiotic medication for gastrointestinal illness

• Prescription pain medication in the unlikely event of an injury in a remote location

• Altitude sickness medication: Bogotá, is at 8,530 feet and La Paz—which we visit on the extension to Bolivia—is at over 11,000 feet above sea level. Quito, Ecuador and Cuenca, Ecuador are both over 8,000 feet. At these altitudes, almost everyone feels some of the symptoms of Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS), including headache, nausea, loss of appetite, trouble sleeping, and lack of energy.

• $QWLPDODULDPHGLFDWLRQLVUHFRPPHQGHGEXW\RXVKRXOGFKHFNZLWK\RXUGRFWRUͫUVW because these medications can have strong side effects.

Traveling with Medications • Pack medications in your carry-on bag to avoid loss and to have them handy.

• Keep medicines in their original, labeled containers for a quicker security screen at the airport and a better experience if you get stopped by customs while overseas.

• Bring copies of your prescriptions, written using the generic drug name rather than a brand name to be prepared for any unforeseen loss of your medications.

We recommend checking with the State Department for medication restrictions by country: https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/international-travel/International-Travel- Country-Information-Pages.html. (Pick the country and then follow the links to “Local Laws & 6SHFLDO&LUFXPVWDQFHV̢LI\RXGRQ̞WVHHDQ\PHGLFDWLRQVVSHFLͫFDOO\PHQWLRQHGWKHQ\RXFDQ presume major U.S. brands should be OK).

34 TIP: At time of writing, the State Department did not have any special warnings about American over- the-counter medications for altitude sickness, but did warn that although coca-leaf tea is a popular beverage and folk remedy for altitude sickness in the Andes Mountains, possession of these tea bags is illegal in the United States.

Staying Healthy on Your Trip

Jet Lag Tips • Start your trip well-rested.

• Begin a gradual transition to your new time zone before you leave or switch to your destination time zone when you get on the plane.

• Attempt to sleep and eat according to the new schedule.

• Avoid heavy eating and drinking caffeine or alcoholic beverages right before–and during– \RXUͬLJKW

• 'ULQNSOHQW\RIZDWHUDQGRUIUXLWMXLFHZKLOHͬ\LQJ

• Stretch your legs, neck, and back periodically while seated on the plane.

• After arrival, avoid the temptation to nap.

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Allergies If you have any serious allergies or dietary restrictions, we advise you to notify us at least 30 days prior to your departure. Please call our Traveler Support team at 1-800-221-0814, and we will FRPPXQLFDWHWKHPWRRXUUHJLRQDORIͫFH(YHU\HIIRUWZLOOEHPDGHWRDFFRPPRGDWH\RX

Water • Tap water is not safe to drink.

• Bottled water or treated drinking water is readily available. Inspect each bottle before you buy it to make sure the cap is sealed properly. Carry a bottle in your daypack at all times.

• Bottled drinks and juices, and hot drinks that have been boiled, are safe to drink.

• Avoid drinks with ice in them.

• Carry a handkerchief to dry the tops of bottled drinks before and after opening.

Reminder: Our Trip Experience Leaders would like to remind you that you’ll need to stay hydrated even at higher elevations where the temperatures are cooler. Drinking plenty of liquids is not just for warm weather.

35 Food We’ve carefully chosen the restaurants for your group meals.

Be very careful with food sold from vendors on the street, and with uncooked fruit and other foods. Fruit that you peel yourself is usually safe—avoid lettuce and other unpeeled produce.

Altitude Illness Bogotá, Colombia is at 8,530 feet above sea level. La Paz, Bolivia—the world’s highest capital city—is over 11,000 feet above sea level. And Quito, Ecuador and Cuenca, Ecuador are both over IHHW$WWKHVHHOHYDWLRQV\RXZLOOSUREDEO\IHHOVRPHHIIHFWVRIDOWLWXGHZKHQ\RXͫUVW arrive. Even if you’ve been to high elevations previously, you could have a different reaction this time. For most people, the symptoms are mild and will pass in a day or so.

The most common symptoms of altitude sickness are lightheadedness, shortness of breath, headache, nausea, sleeplessness, and loss of appetite. You should take it easy, avoid smoking DQGDOFRKRODQGGULQNSOHQW\RIͬXLGV6RPHSHRSOHWDNHDQDOWLWXGHPHGLFDWLRQVWDUWLQJZKHQ they arrive or one day before. Don’t take sleeping medications, as they suppress respiration. Even though you may experience a decreased appetite, force yourself to eat soups and some foods.

If these normal altitude symptoms become unmanageable, it is critical that you inform your Trip Experience Leader. Please let him or her know if you experience any of the following: serious GLIͫFXOW\EUHDWKLQJPHQWDOFRQIXVLRQDVHYHUHDQGXQUHPLWWLQJKHDGDFKHFRQWLQXHGGLIͫFXOW\ breathing after a period of rest, or poor physical coordination (ataxia).

36 MONEY MATTERS

Top Three Tips • Carry a mix of different types of payments, such as local currency, an ATM card, and a credit card

• Traveler’s checks are not recommended DVWKH\FDQEHGLIͫFXOWWRH[FKDQJHDQGDUHUDUHO\ accepted in shops and restaurants.

• Consider exchanging about $100 per person into Colombian currency at the airport when you arrive.6RPHRIWKH$70VDWWKHDLUSRUWDQGQHDUWKHͫUVWKRWHOGRQ̞WZRUNZLWK U.S. cards.

Local Currency For current exchange rates, please refer to an online converter tool like www.xe.com/ currencyconverter\RXUEDQNRUWKHͫQDQFLDOVHFWLRQRI\RXUQHZVSDSHU

Colombia The currency of Colombia is the Colombian peso. Banknote and coin denominations are as follows:

• Banknotes: 1,000, 2,000, 5,000, 10,000, 20,000 and 50,000 pesos

• Coins: 20, 50, 100, 200, 500, and 1,000 pesos

86GROODUVDUHQRWZLGHO\DFFHSWHGLQ&RORPELDdollars, but generally the local currency is preferred. Our Trip Experience Leaders suggest changing about $100 per person into Colombian currency at WKHDLUSRUWZKHQ\RXͫUVWDUULYH

Bolivia 7KHRIͫFLDOFXUUHQF\RI%ROLYLDLVWKHboliviano, which can be divided into 100 subunits called centavos. Banknotes and coin denominations are as follows:

• Banknotes come in denominations of 10, 20, 50, 100, and 200 bolivianos

• Coins come in denominations of 1, 2, and 5 bolivianos and 10, 20, and 50 centavos

U.S. dollars are accepted almost everywhere in Bolivia; however, using the boliviano is still recommended at some stores as they will be not be able to exchange large dollar bills.

Ecuador (FXDGRUXVHV86GROODUVDVLWVRIͫFLDOFXUUHQF\DOWKRXJK(FXDGRULDQFRLQVRIHTXDOYDOXHWR U.S. coins are still minted and still circulate. A mix of small bills is best—costs are low and exact change is appreciated.

37 How to Exchange Money U.S. dollars are not widely accepted in Colombia like they are in Bolivia and Ecuador, so you will need local currency for this trip. However, there is no need to obtain local currency before you leave. In fact, your U.S. bank may not carry it. You can change money when you arrive at the DLUSRUWRUDWPRVWKRWHOVDQGPRQH\H[FKDQJHRIͫFHV7RUQGLUW\RUWDSHG86ELOOVPD\QRW be accepted for exchange or payment. We suggest that you bring a variety of small and large bills-large bills tend to have a better exchange rate, but smaller bills are easier to use in shops (especially if you are taking one of the extensions where U.S. dollars are more readily accepted).

Our Trip Experience Leaders suggest changing about $100 per person into Colombian currency at WKHDLUSRUWZKHQ\RXͫUVWDUULYH7KH\KDYHIRXQGWKDWVRPHRIWKH$70VDWWKHDLUSRUWDQGQHDU WKHͫUVWKRWHOGRQ̞WZRUNZLWK86FDUGV

ATMs When using the ATM, keep in mind that it may only accept cards from local banks, and may not allow cash advances on credit cards; you might need to try more than one ATM or more than one card.

Many banks charge a fee of $1-$5 each time you use a foreign ATM. Others may charge you a percentage of the amount you withdraw. We recommend that you check with your bank before you depart.

Lastly, don’t forget to memorize the actual digits of your card’s PIN number (many keypads at foreign ATMs do not include letters on their keys—they only display numbers.)

Colombia: Typically ATMs are widely available in the larger cities like Bogotá, Medellin, and &DUWDJHQDEXWPD\EHKDUGWRͫQGLQVPDOOHUWRZQVRUUXUDOYLOODJHV2XU7ULS([SHULHQFH/HDGHUV VXJJHVWFKDQJLQJDERXWSHUSHUVRQLQWR&RORPELDQFXUUHQF\DWWKHDLUSRUWZKHQ\RXͫUVW arrive. They have found that some of the ATMs at the airport and near the hotels don’t work with U.S. cards.

Bolivia: ATMs are usually only available in larger cities, like La Paz and Sucre. For rural and remote areas, plan to carry enough cash for your expected expenses, plus a small reserve, and then use your credit card as backup.

Ecuador:$70VDUHDYDLODEOHLQODUJHUFLWLHVVXFKDV4XLWREXWEHFRPHKDUGHUWRͫQGLQUHPRWH locations. For example, the Galapagos Islands have only a few ATMs and waiting in line can take too long (up to an hour in some cases). We recommend that you bring enough cash to cover your expenses for your travel in more remote areas.

38 Credit & Debit Cards Even if you don’t plan on using a credit card during your trip, we still suggest that you bring one or two as a backup, especially if you are planning a large purchase (artwork, jewelry). We also suggest that you bring more than one brand of card (i.e. Visa, MasterCard, American Express) if possible, because not every shop will take every card. For example, although the Discover card is accepted in some countries outside the U.S., it is not widely adopted, so other brands will work at a much larger range of stores, restaurants, etc.

Colombia: Credit and debits cards are widely accepted in Colombia, though you may still run into some smaller shops and restaurants that will not accept them.

Bolivia: Payment by credit card is limited to hotels and shops that caters to tourists; other than these exceptions, it is not common practice. Shops and businesses in Bolivia may charge you a small percentage of the purchase price as a fee for using your card.

Ecuador: Credit and debit cards are more likely to be accepted in large cities like Quito. Even inside a large city like Quito, cards of any kind are more commonly accepted in the modern shops of the New Town district than in the “hole in the wall” places in the Old Town.

Notify Card Providers of Upcoming Travel Many credit card companies and banks have fraud alert departments that will freeze your card if they see suspicious charges—such as charges or withdrawals from another country. To avoid an accidental security block, it is a good idea to notify your credit card company and/or bank you will be using your cards abroad. You can do this by calling their customer service number a week or two before your departure. Some banks or credit card companies will also let you do this online.

You should also double-check what phone number you could call if you have a problem with a card while you are abroad. Don’t assume you can use the 1-800 number printed on the back of your card—most 1 800 numbers don’t work outside of the U.S.!

Tipping Guidelines Of course, whether you tip, and how much, is always at your own discretion. But for those of you who have asked for tipping suggestions, we offer these guidelines.

• O.A.T. Trip Experience Leader: It is customary to express a personal “thank you” to your Trip Experience Leader at the end of your trip. As a guideline, many travelers give $7-$10 USD (or equivalent in local currency) per person for each day their Trip Experience Leader is with them. Please note that these tips can only be in cash. If you are taking any of the optional extensions, your Trip Experience Leader during the extension(s) may not be the same as the one on your main trip.

• Housekeeping staff at hotels: $1-$2 per room, per night

• Waiters: Your Trip Experience Leader will tip waiters for included meals. If you are dinning on your own, bear in mind that it is common for restaurants in this region to add a service charge (usually of about 10%). If so, there is no need to tip.

39 • Taxi drivers: If you are taking a taxi by yourself, keep in mind that tipping is not common practice, but many people simply let the driver keep the change by rounding up the fare to the next whole number. It is considered polite to give a $1 or so to the driver if he/she carries a bag or parcel for you.

Please Note: Your tour price includes gratuities on the main trip and optional extensions for local guides, drivers, and luggage porters that may assist you during the scheduled activities on your adventure. All tips are quoted in U.S. dollars; tips can be converted and paid in local currency or in U.S. dollars. Please do not use personal or traveler’s checks for tips.

40 PREPARING FOR YOUR TRIP

Land Only Travelers & Personalized Air

—ŽĢóĴ'āƩłĢŶĢŋłŭ • Land Only:

• Air-Inclusive: You booked international air with us. Airport transfers are included as long as you didn’t customize your trip’s dates (see next bullet).

• Personalized Air: You booked international air with us, and have customized it in some way. If you have customized your trip’s dates to arrive early, stay longer, or stop on your own in a connecting city, airport transfers will NOT be included. You must also arrange your own accommodations for any additional nights. For your convenience, a preliminary list of your included hotels is available on your My Account at www.oattravel.com/myaccount under “My Reservations”.

Airport Transfers Can Be Purchased )RUHOLJLEOHͬLJKWVDLUSRUWWUDQVIHUVPD\EHSXUFKDVHGVHSDUDWHO\DVDQRSWLRQDODGGRQVXEMHFW WRDYDLODELOLW\7REHHOLJLEOH\RXUͬLJKW V PXVWPHHWWKHIROORZLQJUHTXLUHPHQWV

•

•

Airport transfers can be purchased up to 45 days prior to your departure; they are not available for purchase onsite. To learn more, or purchase airport transfers, please call our Traveler Support team at 1-800-221-0814.

If you don’t meet the requirements above, you’ll need to make your own transfer arrangements. We suggest the Rome to Rio website as a handy resource: www.rome2rio.com.

Optional Tours Optional tours are additional add-on tours that allow you to personalize your adventure by tailoring it to your tastes and needs. And if you decide not to join an optional tour? Then you’ll have free time to relax or explore on your own—it’s about options, not obligations.

What You Need to Know • All optional tours are subject to change and availability.

41 • Optional tours that are reserved with your Trip Experience Leader can be paid for using credit/debit cards only. We accept MasterCard, Visa, and Discover credit cards; we can also take MasterCard or Visa debit cards as long as the card allows you to sign for purchases. (You won’t be able to enter a PIN.)

• To ensure that you are charged in U.S. dollars, your payment will be processed by our U.S. headquarters in Boston. This process can take up to three months, so we ask that you only use a card that will still be valid three months after your trip is over. The charge may appear on your credit card statement as being from Boston, MA or may be labeled as “OPT Boston”.

• Your Trip Experience Leader will give you details on the optional tours while you’re on the trip. But if you’d like to look over descriptions of them earlier, you can do so at any time by referring to your Day-to-Day Itinerary (available online by signing into My Account at www.oattravel.com/myaccount).

Communications

Cell Phones If you want to use your cell phone on the trip, check with your phone provider to see if your phone and service will work outside of the U.S. It may turn out to be cheaper to rent an international phone or buy a SIM card onsite. If you want to use a local SIM, just make certain your phone can accept one.

Calling Apps Another option is to use a smartphone app like Skype or FaceTime. These services are usually less expensive than making a traditional call, but you’ll need a Wi-Fi connection and the calls may count towards your phone plan’s data allowance. Many smartphones—and some tablets or laptops—come with one of these apps pre-installed or you can download them for free from the appropriate apps store.

Calling Cards and 1-800 Numbers When calling the U.S. from a foreign country, a prepaid calling card can be useful because it circumvents unexpected charges from the hotel. Calling cards purchased locally are typically the best (less expensive, more likely to work with the local phones, etc.).

One reminder: Do not call U.S. 1-800 numbers outside the continental United States. This can result in costly long distance fees, since 1-800 numbers do not work outside the country.

Internet Internet access on this adventure will be mostly limited to computers in the hotel lobby or business center; most hotels do not offer WiFi in the rooms, and the ones that do charge for the service.

42 How to Call Overseas When calling overseas from the U.S., dial 011 for international exchange, then the country code (indicated by a plus sign: +), and then the number. Note that foreign phone numbers may not have the same number of digits as U.S. numbers; even within a country the number of digits can vary depending on the city and if the phone is a land line or cell phone.

Colombia: +57 Ecuador: +593

Bolivia: +591

43 PACKING

Luggage Limits

MAIN TRIP LIMITS

Pieces per person One checked bag and one carry-on per person.

Weight restrictions Up to 50 lbs for checked luggage and 17 lbs for carry-ons

Size Restrictions Standard airline size: Checked luggage should not exceed 62 linear inches (length+width+depth) and carry-on should not exceed 45 linear inches.

Luggage Type Duffel bag or soft-sided suitcase. Please do not bring a hard-sided (clam shell) suitcase.

TRIP EXTENSION(S) LIMITS

Bolivia pre-trip extension: Same as main trip.

Ecuador post-trip extension: Up to 44 lbs for checked luggage and 15 lbs for carry-ons

REMARKS/SUGGESTIONS

Luggage rules: Luggage rules and limits are set by governmental and airline policy. Enforcement of the rules may include spot checks or may be inconsistent. However one thing is the same across the board: If you are found to have oversized or overweight luggage, you will be subject to additional fees, to be assessed by—and paid to—the airline in question.

Luggage storage during the extension in Ecuador: If you are taking the post-trip extension in Ecuador, you’ll have a flight from Cuenca to Quito that limits how much luggage you can bring on the extension. But you have a couple of options in regards to the weight limits for this flight. If you can keep your checked luggage under 44 lbs, you can bring all of it with you for the whole extension. Or you can bring as much luggage as the main trip allows but leave the extra at your hotel in Quito. If you chose to take advantage of this storage service, please bring an extra bag that can be locked and left behind. You will be able to pick up your stored luggage when you return to Quito at the end of the extension.

Don’t Forget: • These luggage limits may change. If the airline(s) notify us of any changes, we will include an update in your Final Documents booklet.

44 • ,W̞VDJRRGLGHDWRUHFRQͫUPEDJJDJHUHVWULFWLRQVDQGIHHVGLUHFWO\ZLWKWKHDLUOLQHDZHHNRU so prior to departure. For your convenience, we maintain a list of the toll-free numbers for the most common airlines on our website in the FAQ section.

• Baggage fees are not included in your trip price; they are payable directly to the airlines.

• 7KHOXJJDJHOLPLWVDERYHDUHEDVHGRQ\RXUUHJLRQDOͬLJKWVZKLFKPD\EHOHVVWKDQ\RXU LQWHUQDWLRQDOͬLJKWV(YHQLI\RXULQWHUQDWLRQDODLUOLQHRIIHUVDODUJHUZHLJKWOLPLW\RXZLOO need to pack according to the lower restrictions.

Your Luggage

Checked luggage One duffel bag or suitcase. Look for one with heavy nylon fabric, wrap-around handles, built-in wheels, and a heavy-duty lockable zipper. Please do not bring a rigid (plastic shell) suitcase.

7,3:KHQWUDYHOLQJZLWKDFRPSDQLRQZHUHFRPPHQG̡FURVVSDFNLQJ̢LHSDFNRXWͫWVRI\RXU clothing in your companion’s luggage and vice-versa, in case one bag is delayed.

Carry-on bag You are allowed one carry-on bag per person. We suggest a tote or small backpack that can be XVHGDVERWKDFDUU\RQEDJIRU\RXUͬLJKWDQGWRFDUU\\RXUGDLO\QHFHVVLWLHV̜ZDWHUERWWOH camera, etc—during driving excursions and walking trips. Consider a backpack or waistpack that keeps both hands free and distributes the pack’s weight onto your back or hips.

Locks )RUͬLJKWVWKDWRULJLQDWHLQWKH86\RXFDQHLWKHUXVHD76$DSSURYHGORFNRUOHDYH\RXU luggage unlocked. Outside of the U.S. we strongly recommend locking your luggage as a theft- prevention measure.

Clothing Suggestions

Functional Tips • Layering: As you will experience a wide range of temperatures and weather conditions, we suggest several layers of clothing

• Lightweight fabrics: If you like to hand-wash your clothes, look for fabrics that will dry out overnight. You can buy clothing designed especially for travel, with features like wrinkle- resistant fabric or built-in sun protection.

• Footwear: You’ll be on your feet a lot during the trip, and walking over some rough and slippery surfaces. The soles of your shoes should offer good traction.

45 Style Hints • Dress on our trip is functional and casual.

•

What to Bring We have included suggestions from Trip Experience Leaders and former travelers to help you pack. These lists are only jumping-off points—they offer recommendations based on experience, but not requirements. You may also want to consult the “Climate” chapter of this handbook.

Recommended Clothing Checklist T Shirts: A mixture of short and long-sleeved shirts in a breathable fabric (consider quick- drying fabric for the Amazon extension)

T 7URXVHUVDQGRUMHDQV&RPIRUWDEOHDQGORRVHͫWWLQJLVEHVW T Walking shorts T Shoes and socks: Light hiking boots or trekking shoes that offer good traction are key. A pair of sport sandals with secure ankle strap (such as Tevas or Merrell) may be useful. For socks, consider bringing a couple heavy pairs for hiking and a couple pairs that can get wet.

T /LJKWZRRORUͬHHFHVZHDWHUDQGRUD3RODUWHFͬHHFHMDFNHW T Light rain jacket/windbreaker with hood or poncho. T Wide-brim sun hat or visor for sun protection T Underwear T Sleepwear T 2SWLRQDO6ZLPVXLWIRUYLVLWVWRWKHEHDFKRUKRWHOSRROVLIDYDLODEOH RXUUHJLRQDORIͫFH VXJJHVWV\RXEULQJWZRIRUZKHQWKHͫUVWLVGU\LQJ 

Essential Items T 'DLO\HVVHQWLDOVWRRWKEUXVKWRRWKSDVWHͬRVVKDLUEUXVKRUFRPEVKDYLQJLWHPV deodorant, etc. Our hotels will provide the basics like soap and shampoo but usually not washcloths.

T Spare eyeglasses/contact lenses; sunglasses

46 T Sunscreen: SPF 15 or stronger T Insect repellent with DEET (30%-35% strength) T Light folding umbrella T Moisturizer and sun-blocking lip balm T Pocket-size tissues T Moist towelettes and/or anti-bacterial “water-free” hand cleanser T (DUSOXJVLI\RXDUHDOLJKWVOHHSHURUDUHERWKHUHGE\WKHQRLVHRIWUDIͫF T Reusable water bottle T Electrical transformer & plug adapters T Camera gear with extra batteries or battery charger

Medicines & First Aid Gear T Your own prescription medicines T 7UDYHOͫUVWDLGNLW%DQG$LGVKHDGDFKHDQGSDLQUHOLHIOD[DWLYHVDQGDQWLGLDUUKHD tablets, something for upset stomach. Maybe a cold remedy, moleskin foot pads, antibiotic cream, or allergy medication.

T An antibiotic medication for gastrointestinal illness T Optional: A strong prescription pain medication for rare emergency purposes T Optional: Altitude sickness medication T 2SWLRQDO$QWLPDODULDOPHGLFDWLRQ̜GLVFXVVZLWK\RXUGRFWRUͫUVW T Optional: Allergy medication or cough suppressant

Optional Gear T Travel alarm or travel watch with alarm T Lightweight binoculars (essential if birding) T Folding walking stick (preferably rubber-tipped) T Hanging toiletry bag (with hook to hang on doorknob and pockets to organize items)

47 T Basic sewing kit T Hand-wash laundry soap T Hair dryer T Travel journal/note pad and pens T Reading materials T Small gift for Home-Hosted visit T Phrase book T Flashlight, in case of a blackout or for the visit to the Salt Cathedral

Home-Hosted Visits Many of our adventures feature a visit with a local family, often as part of the A Day in the Life experience. It is customary, though not necessary, to return your hosts’ generosity with a small gift. If you do bring a gift, we recommend that you bring something the whole family can enjoy, or something that represents your region, state, or hometown. Get creative and keep it small—peach jelly from Georgia, maple sugar candy from New England, orange blossom soap from California; something that can be used or used up is best. When choosing a gift, be certain to consider the local culture as well. For example, we do not recommend alcohol in Muslim countries because it is forbidden in Islam, and your hosts may be religious. Not all O.A.T. adventures include D+RPH+RVWHG9LVLWSOHDVHFKHFN\RXUͫQDOLWLQHUDU\EHIRUH\RXGHSDUW

Electricity When traveling overseas, the voltage is usually different and the plugs might not be the same shape.

Voltage Electricity in Colombia and Ecuador is 110 volts-same as the U.S.-but in Bolivia is it 220 volts. Most of the things a traveler will want to plug in—battery chargers, MP3 players, tablets or computers—can run off both 110 and 220. But you should check the item or the owner’s guide ͫUVWWRFRQͫUPWKLVEHIRUH\RXSOXJLWLQ,I\RXKDYHVRPHWKLQJWKDWQHHGVYROWV̜OLNHD shaver or a hairdryer—you can bring a transformer to change the current. (But transformers tend to burn out, so it might be better to leave whatever it is at home.)

Plugs The shape of plugs will vary from country to country, and sometimes even within a country depending on when that building was built. To plug something from the U.S. into a local socket \RX̞OOQHHGDQDGDSWHUWKDWͫWVEHWZHHQWKHSOXJDQGWKHVRFNHW(YHQWKRXJK\RX̞OORQO\QHHGRQH

48 adapter on this trip, it may be a good idea to purchase an all-in-one, universal adapter/converter combo if you plan to do a lot of international travel in the future. Versatile and lightweight, these can usually be found at your local electronics goods or hardware stores. Sometimes you can buy them at large retailers too, like Target or Walmart. If you forget to bring an adapter, you might DOVRͫQGWKHPIRUVDOHDWWKHDLUSRUWZKHQ\RXDUULYHDW\RXUGHVWLQDWLRQ

Different plug shapes are named by letters of the alphabet. Standard U.S. plugs are Type A and Type B. Here is the list of plugs for the countries on this trip:

Colombia: A and B

Bolivia: A, B, and C

Ecuador: A and B

Type A Type B Type C

Availability A constant electricity supply cannot be guaranteed during overnight stays. In some places a generator may supply electricity and lighting may not be as bright as you are used to. Travelers dependent on electricity supply (as in the case of those with sleep apnea) should consider a different adventure or ensure their apparatus has back-up battery power.

49 CLIMATE

Bogotá, Colombia: Bogotá’s setting in a high plateau in the Andes means that hail is just as likely as a sun. The average yearly temperature is 57 degrees F, with highs rarely going above 85 degrees, and lows sometimes dipping to below freezing. The highest high temperatures are usually in March or April, while the lowest lows are usually in January. December through March, July, and August are the driest months. Rainfall is more common April through June and October to November. Morning humidity can be quite high, but generally the afternoon is better. Overall, Bogotá’s weather can be unpredictable and subject to sudden changes.

Medellin, Colombia: Medellin may be squarely in the tropics, but its elevation (almost 5,000 feet above sea level) offsets the tropical heat and gives the city a pleasant spring-like climate. Temperatures don’t vary much throughout the year—the high is almost always in the 70s or 80s; the low is usually in the 60s. Rainfall is possible any day of the year, but is more common during spring (April and May) or fall (October and November).

Coffee Triangle, Colombia: The Coffee Triangle has a temperate climate. While the average temperature is about 62 degrees F, there can be a lot of variation during the day. A daytime high in the 80s can give way to a nighttime low in the 40s. Rain falls almost daily.

Cartagena, Colombia: Cartagena sits on the Caribbean Sea, on the northern coast of Colombia. Most days are typically tropical—hot and humid days with highs in the upper 80s or 90s. However, because of the high humidity, it can often feel hotter. The dry season runs from December to April and the rainy season is between October and November.

La Paz, Bolivia: Bolivia’s altitude keeps its climate fairly temperate, with temperatures in La Paz (the world’s highest capital at 11,910 feet above sea level) seldom rising above the 50s. Evenings tend to be quite cold. Most days are bright and sunny here, but from November to March, Bolivia’s summer months, rain showers are common in the afternoon.

Quito and the Highlands, Ecuador: Quito, located in the Ecuadorian Andes, has a climate that is often described as one of “perpetual spring,” with warm days and chilly nights and little variation of temperature around the year. Much of the rainfall in this mountainous region comes in the afternoon and evening as clouds build up over the mountains and thunderstorms develop.

Climate Averages & Online Forecast 7KHIROORZLQJFKDUWVUHͬHFWWKHaverage climate as opposed to exact weather conditions. This means they serve only as general indicators of what can reasonably be expected. An extreme heat wave or cold snap could fall outside these ranges. As your departure approaches, we encourage you to go online to www.oattravel.com/myaccount for your 10-day forecast.

50 Average Daily High/Low Temperatures (°F), Humidity & Monthly Rainfall

MONTH BOGOTA, COLOMBIA MEDELLIN, COLOMBIA

Temp. High-Low % Relative Monthly Rainfall Temp. High-Low % Relative Monthly Rainfall Humidity (am-pm) (inches) Humidity (am-pm) (inches) JAN 66 to 43 95 to 67 1.9 79 to 64 87 to 48 2.1 FEB 66 to 45 94 to 68 2.0 80 to 65 86 to 49 2.6 MAR 67 to 47 93 to 70 3.2 80 to 65 86 to 52 4.0 APR 66 to 48 93 to 73 4.7 79 to 65 88 to 58 7.1 MAY 65 to 48 92 to 72 4.0 79 to 65 88 to 60 7.6 JUN 64 to 48 91 to 69 2.4 80 to 65 87 to 51 5.4 JUL 64 to 47 90 to 66 1.8 80 to 64 86 to 45 4.7 AUG 64 to 46 91 to 65 1.9 80 to 64 86 to 48 5.5 SEP 65 to 46 92 to 68 2.3 79 to 64 88 to 56 6.2 OCT 65 to 47 92 to 74 5.6 78 to 64 89 to 64 8.0 NOV 65 to 47 93 to 76 4.5 78 to 64 89 to 62 5.8 DEC 66 to 45 94 to 73 2.7 78 to 64 89 to 58 3.3

MONTH PEREIRA, COLOMBIA (COFFEE CARTAGENA, COLOMBIA

Temp. High-Low % Relative Monthly Rainfall Temp. High-Low % Relative Monthly Rainfall Humidity (am-pm) (inches) Humidity (am-pm) (inches) JAN 80 to 62 -- 5.4 85 to 75 88 to 70 0.2 FEB 81 to 63 -- 5.3 85 to 76 87 to 70 -- MAR 80 to 63 -- 8.0 86 to 77 86 to 70 0.1 APR 79 to 63 -- 8.0 86 to 78 86 to 73 1.0 MAY 79 to 63 -- 9.8 87 to 79 87 to 76 3.8 JUN 79 to 63 -- 7.3 87 to 79 88 to 75 4.2 JUL 80 to 62 -- 4.9 87 to 79 88 to 74 3.4 AUG 80 to 62 -- 5.1 87 to 79 88 to 76 4.7 SEP 79 to 62 -- 7.5 87 to 78 89 to 77 5.2 OCT 78 to 62 -- 10.6 86 to 78 89 to 78 8.8 NOV 78 to 62 -- 10.7 86 to 78 90 to 77 5.3 DEC 79 to 62 -- 7.0 86 to 76 90 to 73 1.3

51 MONTH LA PAZ, BOLIVIA QUITO, ECUADOR

Temp. High-Low % Relative Monthly Rainfall Temp. High-Low % Relative Monthly Rainfall Humidity (am-pm) (inches) Humidity (am-pm) (inches) JAN 55 to 39 92 to 63 5.1 66 to 50 88 to 59 4.5 FEB 56 to 39 92 to 60 4.1 66 to 50 87 to 61 5.1 MAR 56 to 38 92 to 58 2.8 66 to 50 88 to 63 6.0 APR 57 to 36 89 to 50 1.4 66 to 51 89 to 67 6.9 MAY 57 to 32 76 to 35 0.5 66 to 51 88 to 64 4.9 JUN 55 to 28 72 to 32 0.2 67 to 49 80 to 55 1.9 JUL 55 to 27 71 to 30 0.3 67 to 49 75 to 50 0.8 AUG 56 to 29 76 to 33 0.6 67 to 49 73 to 49 1.0 SEP 57 to 32 81 to 38 1.2 68 to 49 79 to 56 3.1 OCT 58 to 36 84 to 43 1.6 67 to 49 85 to 64 5.0 NOV 59 to 38 86 to 45 2.0 67 to 49 86 to 63 4.3 DEC 58 to 38 89 to 53 3.7 66 to 50 87 to 62 4.1

MONTH CUENCA, ECUADOR

Temp. High-Low % Relative Monthly Rainfall Humidity (avg) (inches) JAN 69 to 50 75 2.0 FEB 70 to 51 76 1.8 MAR 69 to 51 76 3.2 APR 69 to 50 77 4.3 MAY 67 to 49 77 4.3 JUN 66 to 47 75 1.7 JUL 65 to 47 73 0.9 AUG 66 to 46 75 1.1 SEP 69 to 48 74 1.6 OCT 70 to 49 76 3.1 NOV 71 to 46 74 1.8 DEC 71 to 49 74 2.5

52 ABOUT YOUR DESTINATIONS z̍̍¦̍¦ũĢť1ƗťāũĢāłóādāÖùāũŭ̆Âŋũķùŋĕ'ĢƦāũāłóā During your adventure you’ll be accompanied by one of our local, expert Trip Experience Leaders. $OODUHͬXHQWLQ(QJOLVKDQGSRVVHVVWKHVNLOOVFHUWLͫFDWLRQDQGH[SHULHQFHQHFHVVDU\WRHQVXUH an enriching adventure. As locals of the regions you’ll explore with them, our Trip Experience /HDGHUVSURYLGHWKHNLQGRIͫUVWKDQGNQRZOHGJHDQGLQVLJKWWKDWPDNHORFDOKLVWRU\FXOWXUH and wildlife come alive. Coupled with their unbridled enthusiasm, caring personalities, and ability to bring diverse groups of travelers together, our Trip Experience Leaders ensure that your experience with O.A.T. is one you’ll remember for a lifetime.

Culture & Points to Know

Accommodations Many hotels were once private homes, so the rooms many be smaller, darker, or noisier than you expect. In some areas, hotels will have fans but not air-conditioning.

Hotels & Land Only Travelers If you are taking the optional pre-trip extension and have made your own international air DUUDQJHPHQWVSOHDVHQRWHWKDWRQWKLVDGYHQWXUHWKHͫUVWLQFOXGHGKRWHOLVRQWKHQLJKWRI'D\ of the pre-trip extension. Check in times will vary, but tend to be after 4pm.

Expectations in Colombia Colombia has long been a closed destination for Americans, and is slowly opening for American tourism. The most important things for you to pack are your sense of adventure, an open mind, and an understanding that service and standards will not be what you are used to. While the people are friendly and the country’s beauty is vast, there will be some things that surprise you. There are few people in Colombia who speak English, including at hotels and restaurants. (Come prepared to practice your Spanish.) Many hotels were once private homes, so the rooms many be smaller, darker, or noisier than you expect. In some areas, hotels will have fans but not air-conditioning.

The locals will love to help you, but service is not up to American standards. The staff will be friendly, but, again, will most likely not speak English and may be slower than expected. Be SUHSDUHGIRUDOHLVXUHO\PHDODQGDOORZH[WUDWLPHLI\RXKDYHDVSHFLͫFUHTXHVW3DWLHQFHZLWK this developing country is important. Our advice is: When in Colombia, do as Colombians do.

53 Cuisine in Bolivia For a mid-morning snack, look for treats such as salteñasDVDYRU\EDNHGSDVWU\ͫOOHGZLWK beef, pork, or chicken in a sweet and slightly spicy sauce with olives, raisins, and potatoes. Also look for tucumanasDIULHGSDVWU\ͫOOHGZLWKEHHIFKLFNHQERLOHGHJJVSRWDWRHVDQG vegetables. Sandwich de Chola, a roasted pork sandwich with pickled vegetables and spices, is a popular street food in La Paz.

Many main courses are variations of meat served with rice or potatoes. Sajta de pollo is a popular dish consisting of boiled chicken cooked in sauce with onions, tomatoes, peas, and yellow FKLOLSHSSHUVDQGͬDYRUHGZLWKSDUVOH\FHOHU\SHSSHUJDUOLFDQGFXPLQ2USHUKDSV\RX̞OO try silpancho, breaded ground beef shaped into a large thin patty (the size of a plate) topped with rice, potatoes, onions, tomatoes, and a fried egg. For a simple and traditional meal from Bolivia’s highlands, try plato paceño, a thin steak, fried cheese, boiled corn, potatoes, and fava beans. In Lake Titicaca, trucha (trout) is a common dish, often cooked in lemon juice, garlic, or tomato sauce.

Soup is a often a staple at lunch with a few notable regional specialties, such as sopa de mani, a peanut soup cooked with beef broth, vegetables, noodles or rice, and thinly sliced potato from WKHORZODQGVRIWKH%ROLYLDQ$PD]RQ

With any course, keep an eye out for llajwa (pronounced yak-wa), a spicy salsa featuring tomatoes and onions made with a grinding stone.

Travel in South America 3DUWRIWKHDGYHQWXUHRIWKLVWULSLVWKHSRVVLELOLW\WKDWWKLQJVPD\FKDQJH/RFDOLQͬXHQFHVPD\ make it impossible for us to follow the planned itinerary exactly and the sequence of sites visited may change. Rest assured that we have considerable experience at responding to changing circumstances on the spot. Our goal is always to offer you the best travel experience and the most memorable explorations of this intriguing land.

Complex, multi-layered cultural traditions and stunning natural geography make South America a fascinating destination. To get the most enjoyment out of your trip, remember that many South American countries are still considered developing nations, and be aware that you may be approached to buy crafts or solicited by children to take photographs.

In restaurants, hotels, and at cultural sites, everything works according to a slower sense of time than what you are used to. It’s best to wind down and adjust to the local pace and philosophy.

Language Barrier You can have some great “conversations” with local people who do not speak English, even if you don’t speak a word of the local language. Indeed, this non-verbal communication can be a highly rewarding part of travel. To break the ice, bring along some family photographs, or a few postcards of your hometown.

54 Your attire is a key part of your non-verbal presentation. Your clothing should show a respect for local tradition. In South America, this means you should dress in a relatively modest style.

Taking Photographs The etiquette of photographing most people in the countries on your itinerary is about the same as it would be on the streets of your hometown. You need permission to take a close-up, but not for a crowd scene. Be especially polite if you want to photograph an older woman. If you want to VKRRWDJUHDWSRUWUDLWVKRZLQWHUHVWLQ\RXUVXEMHFWWU\WRKDYHDELWRIVRFLDOLQWHUDFWLRQͫUVW Then use sign language to inquire if a picture is OK.

Safety & Security Common Sense and Awareness

As you travel, exercise the same caution and awareness that you would in a large American city. Don’t be overly nervous or suspicious, but keep your eyes open. If you are venturing out after dark, go with one or two other people, and always by taxi.

Pickpockets

Like any other big city or tourist destination, pickpockets will sometimes target travelers. )RUWXQDWHO\WKHUHDUHDIHZHDV\VWHSV\RXFDQWDNHWRPLQLPL]H\RXUH[SRVXUH7KHͫUVWVWHSLV to avoid attracting attention. Don’t wear fancy jewelry or expensive watches in the street (or even cheaper items that look expensive).

The next step is to limit what you have on you. Instead of carrying all your money, all your credit cards, and your passport in your pocket or purse, stick to what you’ll need for that day—a one- GD\VXSSO\RIPRQH\DQGRQHRUWZRFDUGV

TIP2XUUHJLRQDORIͫFHUHFRPPHQGVWKDW\RXOHDYH\RXUSDVVSRUWLQWKHURRPVDIHRUKRWHOVDIHDQG that you carry a photocopy instead when you are out and about.

Lastly, know that pickpockets may create a sudden distraction. In any sort of puzzling street situation, try to keep one hand on your valuables. If an encounter with a local turns out to be long and complicated and involves money or your valuables, it might be a scam.

Regional Flights in South America ,Q6RXWK$PHULFDLWLVVLPSO\DIDFWRIOLIHWKDWVFKHGXOHVIRULQWHUQDOͬLJKWVRIWHQFKDQJH RQVKRUWQRWLFH:KHQWKLVKDSSHQVRXUDLUWUDYHOH[SHUWVVWULYHWRJHW\RXRQQHZͬLJKWVDV close to the original schedule as possible, but limited availability of seats may require us to use

55 HDUO\PRUQLQJͬLJKWVRUFKDQJHWKHGD\RIWKHͬLJKWIf schedule changes make it necessary, we may have to rise before dawn on some days where early-morning wake-ups are not mentioned in your printed itinerary.

Shopping There may be scheduled visits to local shops during your adventure. There is no requirement to make a purchase during these stops, and any purchase made is a direct transaction with the shop in question, subject to the vendor’s terms of purchase. O.A.T. is not responsible for purchases you make on your trip or for the shipment of your purchases.

Returns If you discover an issue with an item, you should contact the vendor directly and expect that any resolution will take longer than it would in the U.S. We recommend that you keep a copy of all your receipts, invoices, or contracts, along with the shop’s contact information. Keep in mind, local practice may vary from U.S. standards, so don’t assume that you have a certain number of days after the purchase to speak up or that you are guaranteed a refund.

Crafts & Souvenirs

Colombia sombrero vueltiao, which is made from FDQHͫEHUVE\WKH=HQXWULEHRUsombrero aguadeno (a version of the Panama hat) are also popular. Lastly, if you are in the market for a high-end purchase, Colombia is known for gold and emerald jewelry.

Bolivia Bolivian handicrafts tend towards Andean-style weavings, pottery, and jewelry. Traditional games—often carved from wood—or woven baskets make nice handmade souvenirs. Also look for items made from alpaca wool.

Ecuador Traditional souvenirs include jewelry and sculptures created from Tagua vegetable ivory (using the nut of the Tagua palm tree), ceramics, Tigua paintings, Panama hats, and items with images of Galapagos animals.

U.S. Customs Regulations & Shipping Charges For all things related to U.S. Customs, the ultimate authority is the U.S. Bureau of Customs & Border Protection. Their website, www.cbp.gov has the answers to the most frequently asked questions. Or you can call them at 1-877-227-5511.

56 The top three points to know are:

• At time of writing, your personal duty-free allowance is $800 for items brought with you. Items totaling more than $800 are subject to duty fees.

• Items shipped home are always subject to duty when received in the U.S. Even when the shop has offered to include shipping and duties in the price, this typically means shipping to the nearest customs facility and payment of the export duties—not door-to-door shipping or payment of the import duties. All additional duties or shipping charges would be your responsibility. Unless an item is small enough to send by parcel service (like FedEx), chances are you will need to arrange shipping or pick-up once the item is in the U.S. and will need to pay customs duties.

• It is illegal to import products made from endangered animal species. U.S. Customs & Border Protection will seize these items, as well as most furs, coral, tortoise shell, reptile skins, feathers, plants, and items made from animal skins.

57 DEMOGRAPHICS & HISTORY

Colombia

Facts & Figures • Area: 439,736 square miles

• Capital: Bogotá

• Languages:6SDQLVKLVWKHRIͫFLDOODQJXDJH

• Ethnicity: Mestizos (mix of European and Amerindian) 58%, White 20%, Afro-Colombian 21%, Amerindian 1%

• Location:&RORPELDLVERUGHUHGE\%UD]LO(FXDGRU3DQDPD3HUX9HQH]XHODWKH3DFLͫF Ocean, and the Caribbean Sea.

• Geography: Colombia is the fourth largest country in South America—roughly the size of 7H[DVDQG&DOLIRUQLDFRPELQHG,QWKHZHVWORZSHDNVULVHRYHUWKHͬDW3DFLͫFORZODQGV Moving inward, these give way to the three mountain chains that run across the center of the country. Mountain peaks of up to 13,000 feet soar over these central regions. Moving further east, the countryside descends to grassy lowlands, and then to the coastal areas on the Caribbean Sea.

• Population: 46,736728 (estimate)

• Religions: Roman Catholic 90%, other 10%

• Time zone: Colombia is in Eastern Standard Time. When it is 6am in Washington D.C., it is 6am in Bogotá

National Holidays: Colombia

In addition to the holidays listed below, 07/20 Independence Day Colombia celebrates a number of national 08/07 Battle of Boyaca Day holidays that follow a lunar calendar, such as Epiphany, Feast of the Sacred Heart, and 10/15 Columbus Day (DVWHU7RͫQGRXWLI\RXZLOOEHWUDYHOLQJ during these holidays, please visit www. 11/05 All Saint’s Day timeanddate.com/holidays. 11/12 Independence of Cartagena 01/01 New Year’s Day 12/08 Feast of the Immaculate Conception 03/25 St. Joseph’s Day 12/25 Christmas Day 05/01 Labor Day/May Day

June Corpus Christi (moves each year)

58 Historical Overview of Colombia Pre-19th-Century History

Among the cultures scattered in the Andean region before Europeans arrived were the Tayrona, Sinú, Muisca, Quimbaya, Tierradentro, and San Agustín. Many of these tribes produced intricate goldwork and pottery. Some left behind tombs and rock paintings which give today’s anthropologists insight into their ancient cultures.

7KHͫUVWUHFRUGHG6SDQLVKYLVLWRFFXUUHGZKHQ$ORQVRGH2MHGDVWHSSHGDVKRUHRQWKH*XDMLUD Peninsula in 1499. (Yes, Colombia is named for Christopher Columbus, but actually he never visited the country.)

Like so many explorers, De Ojeda was in search of the mythical land of El Dorado, and the Amerindians’ gold work made him think he had found it. Word spread about the region’s potential wealth and more expeditions followed. In the end, three different Spanish expeditions raced to the interior looking for the mythical land (and hoping for very real treasure).

$WͫUVWORFDOWULEHVWROHUDWHGWKHYLVLWRUVEXWWKH\VRRQUHEHOOHGZKHQLWEHFDPHFOHDUWKDW the colonists wanted only to enslave them and take their land. But they were no match for the advanced weaponry of the invaders, and soon Spain controlled much of the country. Colonial towns began to prosper, including Cartagena (founded in 1533). In the mid-1500s, Colombia, then called “New Granada,” became part of the Viceroyalty of Peru, and remained under that domain IRUDOPRVW\HDUV'XULQJWKDWWLPHWKHFRXQWU\ͬRXULVKHGDQGLQ%RJRW£ZDVGHFODUHGWKH capital of the newly created Viceroyalty of New Granada. Sadly, much of the prosperity was due to the widespread practice of importing slave labor from Africa. Some historians estimate that so many Africans were brought to Colombia that they outnumbered the indigenous peoples.

Independence

Throughout the 18th century, the Spaniards held tight control over the land. Spain regulated commerce, taxes, and duty; in addition, only the Spanish court could award the highest political RIͫFHV3URWHVWVIRUDXWRQRP\LQFUHDVHGGXULQJWKHWXUQRIWKHWKFHQWXU\EXWLWZDVDFWXDOO\ events in Europe that would spark Colombia’s independence. As with many other Spanish colonies, it was the news that Spain had been attacked by Napoleon that forced the issue to the surface. In Colombia, the news divided the country. Many cities or regions formed their own autonomous governments, which is why this period is sometimes nicknamed “la Patria Boba,” or “the foolish fatherland.”

,QWKHHQGWKHJUHDWXQLͫHURIWKHVHYDULRXVJURXSVZDVWKH9HQH]XHODQOLEHUDWRU6LPµQ%RO¯YDU 7KLVLVQRWDVRGGDVLWPD\VHHPDWͫUVW̜PRGHUQGD\9HQH]XHODZDVSDUWRIWKH1HZ*UDQDGD WHUULWRU\ $VWKH6SDQLVKWURRSVWULHGWRUHWDNHWKHLUIRUPHUWHUULWRULHVKLVDUP\OHGWKHͫJKWIRU independence. With the decisive Battle of Boyaca on August 7, 1819, Bolívar’s troops won the war. Colombia joined Venezuela and Ecuador to form the Republic of Gran Colombia, but even with %RO¯YDUDVWKHͫUVWHOHFWHGSUHVLGHQWSROLWLFDOGLIIHUHQFHVOHGWRWKHGLVVROXWLRQRIWKHUHSXEOLF after ten years.

Political Division

59 0DQ\RIWKHGLIIHUHQFHVZHUHDFWXDOO\FHQWHUHGRQ6LPµQ%RO¯YDUDQGKLVYLFHSUHVLGHQW Francisco de Paula Santander. The two had very different views on how the new country should be governed; by 1849, these differences were formalized into two political parties—the Conservatives and the Liberals.

Conservatives had centralist tendencies, believed the government should be allied with the Roman Catholic Church, and favored a limited voting pool. The Liberals leaned toward a decentralized federal government, preferred a separation between church and state, and advocated broader voting rights.

This division set the tone for the rest of the century. Civil chaos festered. Fifty insurrections and up to eight civil wars unfolded, culminating in the bloody War of a Thousand Days in 1899. (“Up WRHLJKWFLYLOZDUV̢EHFDXVHVRPHKLVWRULDQVFODVVLI\FHUWDLQFRQͬLFWVDVUHYROWVXSULVLQJVRU attempted coups.)

Modern History

After such an epic century, and an inauspicious beginning to the next, it might come as a surprise WRͫQGWKDW&RORPELDZDVUHODWLYHO\TXLHWIURP7KHPDLQFRQFHUQVGXULQJWKLVSHULRG were the building of the Panama Canal and the two World Wars (which Colombia fought on the Allied side). The Panama Canal was especially upsetting to Colombia because until 1903, Panama was a province of Colombia. At the time, it was widely felt that the U.S. had encouraged Panama to break off from Colombia in order to broker a more advantageous deal.

%XW&RORPELD̞VVWUXJJOHVZLWKSROLWLFDOGLYLVLRQZHUHIDUIURPRYHU&RQͬLFWEHWZHHQWKH Conservatives and the Liberals ignited again in 1948 with La Violencia, this time killing 300,000 people. A 1953 military coup by General Gustavo Rojas Pinilla helped bring an end to the bloodshed, but did not result in the hoped-for reforms. In the end, both parties collaborated to launch a counter-coup against the general in 1957. The two parties—now called the National Front—agreed to share power for the next 16 years. The suggested power share took an unusual IRUP̜LQVWHDGRIJRYHUQLQJWRJHWKHUWKHSDUWLHVZRXOGWDNHWXUQVLQSUHVLGHQWLDORIͫFH 6R WKHIRUWKHͫUVW\HDUWHUP&RORPELDKDGD/LEHUDOSUHVLGHQWIRUWKHQH[W\HDUWHUPLWZDVD Conservative, and so forth.)

The National Front agreement ended in 1974 with the election of Liberal President Alfonso /µSH]0LFKHOVHQEXWVRPHVHPEODQFHRIWKHWZRSDUW\V\VWHPFRQWLQXHG0HDQZKLOHOHIWZLQJ guerrilla groups were surfacing: the National Liberation Army (ELN), Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) and the April 19 Movement (M19).

'UXJFDUWHOVLQ0HGHOO¯QDQG&DOLZHUHDOVRJDLQLQJSRZHUDQGLQͬXHQFHDWWKLVWLPH̜RIWHQ through violence, but also through newfound wealth. The relations between the burgeoning cartels and guerilla groups became complicated. Some guerilla groups began using the drag trade to fund their actives, while others rejected the cartels entirely, even going so far as to kidnap cartel family members. In reaction, many of the cartels started death squads that were, in theory, to protect themselves from the guerrillas. (In reality, many of the death squads were right-wing

60 paramilitary groups who were used to terrorize civilians and increase the cartel’s share of the drug trade.) The most notorious of these paramilitares was the United Self-Defense Forces of Colombia (AUC).

By 1990, widespread violence threatened to paralyze the country. In 1991, government control was strengthened with the signing of a new constitution and the surrender of Pablo Escobar, the head of the Medellín cocaine cartel. After his escape in 1992, he was tracked down and killed. After Escobar’s death, and the public arrests of other key drug kingpins, many of the large cartels began to break up into small groups that turned on each other.

The 1990s also saw a change in public sentiment about politicians’ relationship with the cartels. Although it was widely understood that corruption was rampant, many had been hesitant to speak out. But in the late 1990s, accusations arose that claimed President Ernesto Samper’s FDPSDLJQKDGEHHQͫQDQFHGE\GUXJPRQH\,QGHSHQGHQWFRQVHUYDWLYH$QGUHV3DVWUDQDZKR had blown the whistle on Samper’s Cali connections, won the 1998 election. It was Pastrana who ͫUVWXQYHLOHG̡3ODQ&RORPELD̢DFRPSUHKHQVLYHSODQWRFRPEDWGUXJWUDIͫFNLQJVWUHQJWKHQWKH democratic process, and improve Colombia’s human-rights record.

Recent History

Vowing to continue his predecessor’s “Plan Colombia,” independent Álvaro Uribe was elected SUHVLGHQWLQ+HZDVDVWDXQFKDGYHUVDU\RIWKHJXHUULOODVDQGIRUWKHͫUVWIHZPRQWKVRIKLV presidency, the war grew intense. But a major breakthrough occurred in 2003 with a peace treaty between the government and the right-wing paramilitary AUC. Talks with the last remaining left-wing guerrilla group (FARC) have been on and off for a decade, but today their numbers have dwindled to half of what they were in 2000. Uribe was re-elected in 2006, and succeeded by Juan Manuel Santos in August 2010.

Bolivia

Facts & Figures • Area: 424,164 square miles

• Capital: Sucre

• Languages:6SDQLVK4XHFKXDDQG$\PDUDDUHWKHRIͫFLDOODQJXDJHV

• Location: In central South America, bordered by Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay, and Peru.

• Geography: Despite that it is a landlocked nation, Bolivia is home to an incredible diversity of ecological zones. The rugged Andes in the west surround an arid highland plateau, or altiplano. In the north lie the tropical lowland plains and rainforests that stretch into the Brazilian Amazon. Bolivia’s capital, La Paz, is the highest capital city in the world at 11,910 feet above sea level. The city rests in a geological bowl-like formation, with many of its streets climbing to great heights. Bolivia shares Lake Titicaca, the highest navigable lake in the world at 12,507 feet, with Peru.

61 • Population: 10,800,882 (2015 Estimate)

• Religions: Roman Catholic 76.8%, Evangelical and Pentecostal 8.1%, Protestant 7.9%, other 1.7%, none 5.5%

• Time zone: Bolivia is 1 hour ahead of Eastern Time. When it is noon in New York, it is 1:00pm in Bolivia.

National Holidays: Bolivia

In addition to the holidays listed below, 05/01 Labor Day/May Day Bolivia celebrates a number of national 06/21 Aymara New Year Day holidays that follow a lunar calendar, such as (DVWHUDQG&RUSXV&KULVWL7RͫQGRXWLI\RX 06/22 Aymara New Year Day holiday will be traveling during these holidays, please visit www.timeanddate.com/holidays. 08/06 Independence Day

01/01 New Year’s Day 11/02 All Saints Day

01/22 Plurinational State Foundation Day 12/25 Christmas Day

Historical Overview of Bolivia Here Come the Aymara

As part of the Andean region, Bolivia shares much of its earliest history with other countries in the region, such as Peru. For example, the earliest settlers of Bolivia were most likely members of the Aymara tribe who migrated from Peru. Beginning in roughly 1200 BC, the Aymara founded a series of small villages, such Tiwanaku, in present-day western Bolivia. For the next thousand years, the villages thrived, partly through farming the rich Lake Titicaca Basin, and partly by trading with other Andean tribes.

By the 1st century AD, the village of Tiwanaku (or “Tiahuanaco”) had expanded into the center RIDQDGYDQFHGFLYLOL]DWLRQZLWKDQH[WHQVLYHV\VWHPRIURDGVFDQDOVDQGFXOWLYDWHGͫHOGV7KH remaining architecture and goods from this time demonstrate a stable and prosperous society, but one that seems to have been dominant in the immediate region only. Due to the lack of a written record the exact dates remain unknown, but it appears that only 300 years later—close to 400 AD—the Aymara in Tiwanaku turned outwards and began to actively expand by taking over nearby lands and absorbing other tribes. Eventually, their domain spread from Bolivia into southern Peru and northern Chile.

Remains of monumental architecture, large sculptures, and artistic brownware pottery from this WLPHVKRZWKDWWKH7LZDQDNX(PSLUHZDVDQLQͬXHQWLDODQGZHDOWK\VRFLHW\6DWHOOLWHLPDJLQJ DQGDUFKHRORJLFDOͫQGVVKRZWKDWWKHLUSRZHUZDVODUJHO\EDVHGRQDQLQQRYDWLYHIDUPLQJV\VWHP WKDWUHOLHGRQDUWLͫFLDOO\FUHDWHGͫHOGVFDOOHGVXNDNROOXV ̡ͬRRGUDLVHGͫHOGV̢ 7KHVXNDNROOXV ZHUHLQHVVHQFHPLQLDWXUHHFRV\VWHPVRIHDUWKHQPRXQGVEXLOWEHWZHHQFDQDOVVWRFNHGZLWKͫVK 7KHFDQDOVLUULJDWHGWKHPRXQGVSDUWRIWKHFURSZDVXVHGWRIHHGWKHͫVKDQGWKHZDVWHIURP

62 WKHͫVKZDVWKHQUHXVHGDVIHUWLOL]HURQWKHPRXQGV7KHV\VWHPZRUNHGZHOOIRUKXQGUHGVHYHQ thousands, of years. But then some event—possibly a severe drought—in about 1000 AD caused the suka kollus system to collapse. And with it went the Tiwanaku Empire.

Here Come the Incas

After the fall of the Aymara’s Tiwanaku Empire, historians speculate that Bolivia broke up into as many as seven smaller Aymara-speaking kingdoms. It wasn’t until the 15th century, when the Inca began expending into Bolivia, that the different groups would be reunited into an empire.

At the start of the 1400s, the Quechua-speaking Inca already held a large kingdom, which was centered on their capital in Cusco in modern-day Peru. Starting in 1438, they began a campaign of systematic expansion into Ecuador, Argentina, Chile, and Bolivia. Throughout the 15th century, successive Inca rulers conquered more and more of the Bolivian highlands. By the 1520s, the Inca ruled much of present-day Bolivia, except the lowland areas. (Today, the legacy of the Inca conquest is still apparent in Bolivia’s dialects. Descendants of the Inca or Inca-held territories often speak the Inca language, Quechua, while descendants of unconquered tribes often speak Aymara.)

In addition to introducing their language into Bolivia, the Inca also brought with them their religious beliefs, their building know-how, and their use of quipu (knotted strings used for numeric information like census and accounts). As Inca subjects, the local people of Bolivia were expected to perform mit’a, or public service labor, for a set number of days each year.

The 1520s were a period of upheaval in the Inca Empire. The rapid expansion of the previous century had left the empire’s resources stretched, and after the death of the king Huayna Capac in 1527, internal struggles over succession further weakened the kingdom. Thus, when the Spanish DUULYHGLQWKHQHZNLQJ$WDKXDOSDGLGQRWKDYHWKHQHFHVVDU\UHVRXUFHVWRHDVLO\ͫJKW them off.

Here Come the Spaniards; There Goes the Silver

The Spanish conquest of Bolivia happened quickly. At the decisive Battle of Cajamarca in 1532, the Spanish forces—led by one Francisco Pizarro—overcame King Atahualpa’s personal bodyguard and captured the Inca ruler. For many historians, the execution of King Atahualpa on August 29, PDUNVERWKWKHIRUPDOWKHHQGRIWKH,QFD(PSLUHDQGWKHRIͫFLDOFRQTXHVWRIWKHUHJLRQ by Spain.

During the Spanish colonial period, Bolivia—then known as Upper Peru—was part of the Viceroy of Peru, and was ruled from Lima. The Upper Peru region soon became treasured for its silver, which helped keep Spanish coffers full. For all the romantic legends about the gold of the New World, it was actually silver that was behind Spain’s economic rise, and it was Bolivia’s mines at Cerro de Potosi that provided most of that silver. The Potosi mine was so important, and its product so in demand, that a massive boomtown quickly built up in the surrounding area. Less than 100 years after it’s founding in 1546, the boomtown had swelled to 200,000 people, making Potosi the largest city in the Americas and one of the largest cities in the world at that time.

63 $QGLWZDVQ̞WMXVWWKH6SDQLVKZKRZHUHIDPLOLDUZLWK%ROLYLDQVLOYHU2QFHDQRIͫFLDOPLQWZDV built in Potosi in 1572, the silver changed into coins—the famous “pieces of eight”, or Spanish dollars. These coins quickly became the preferred currency for international trade, and continued to dominate markets far outside of Bolivia for the next 250 years. (Spanish dollars were actually legal currency in the U.S. until 1857.)

Independence

Sadly the great wealth came at a great price. The Spanish not only replaced the government and religion of the indigenous peoples but they also adapted the Inca mit’a labor practice suit to their own ends. Now called “mita”, the labor was no longer public service work for a set number of days, but rather a condition near slavery. Most of the mita workers were forced into the worst conditions, doing the hardest, dirtiest, and most dangerous work in the mines. Many died from exposure to mercury, which was used in the mining process.

While some indigenous peoples tried to enter into colonial society, others, especially the mita workers, felt that armed resistance was the only solution. Thus, for the entire length of the FRORQLDOSHULRGLQGLJHQRXVXSULVLQJVDQGUHEHOOLRQVZRXOGͬDUHXSLQ%ROLYLD7KHPRVWIDPRXV of which is the 1780 rebellion led by Tupac Amaru II. Although ultimately unsuccessful, the revolt did attract over 60,000 followers—which at the time, was the population of a decent-sized city.

As Spanish power waned during the Napoleonic wars of the early 19th century, the people’s struggle for independence was rewarded. The Bolivian republic was born in 1825, named for its leader Simon Bolivar. The Peru-Bolivian Confederation was formed just ten years later, and this joint power skirmished with Chile and Argentina. After some victories, controversial treaties, and economic strains among the countries, the Confederation was ultimately defeated and the partnership dissolved.

This set the stage for Peru and Bolivia to go to war, starting with the invasion of Bolivia. Peru was defeated on Bolivian soil, and Bolivia retaliated with the capture of Arica, a major Peruvian port that today is part of Chile. The two countries signed a peace treaty in 1842.

The siege of Arica was not a sign of future victories to come. In fact, since its independence, %ROLYLDKDVORVWPRUHWKDQKDOILWVODQGWRQHLJKERULQJFRXQWULHV,QWKH:DURIWKH3DFLͫFIRU instance, it lost its access to the ocean—and its fertile coastal lands—to Chile (though Bolivia can still import and export via the Paraguay River, which spills into the Atlantic Ocean). It also lost its State of Acre, known for its rubber production, to Brazil.

The Modern Era

As silver increased in value in the early 1900s, Bolivia gained wealth and political stability. For PXFKRIWKHͫUVWKDOIRIWKHWKFHQWXU\LWVODLVVH]IDLUHJRYHUQPHQWZDVUXOHGE\WKHVRFLDO elite. A class system of dramatic extremes developed, leaving the indigenous people little choice but to work in silver mines in terrible conditions.

64 The National Revolutionary Movement promised to turn all that around. But once it took hold (by force, after losing the 1951 elections), leadership within the party proved fractious. Weak JRYHUQPHQWVPLOLWDU\FRXSVG̞HWDWVͫVFDOFULVHVDQGKXPDQULJKWVVFDQGDOVPDUNHGWKHQH[W several decades.

The 1990s saw dramatic economic and social reforms, thanks in part to a newly formed Congress and the election of Sanchez de Lozada as president. Infrastructure—airlines, railroads, and telecommunications—all improved. But not all were pleased with his social and economic policies. Controversy erupted over his ineffective attempts to compensate coca (cocaine) growers to voluntarily destroy their crops, and over his stance toward the powerful teachers’ union. The mid-1990s saw strong economic growth. But international trade, domestic struggles, and UHJLRQDOLVVXHV̜LQFOXGLQJͫQDQFLDOFULVHVLQ%UD]LODQG$UJHQWLQD̜EURXJKWDGHFOLQH

7RGD\IRUWKHͫUVWWLPHLQDOPRVW\HDUV%ROLYLD̞VSUHVLGHQWLVDQDWLYH$\PDUD(YR0RUDOHV His major initiatives—eradicating illegal coca production and smuggling, nationalizing Bolivia’s QDWXUDOJDVͫHOGVDQGGHYHORSLQJDQHZFRQVWLWXWLRQWRJLYHPRUHSRZHUWRWKHLQGLJHQRXV people—have gained strong support in concept, but some of his policies and strategies aimed at full equality are controversial.

Ecuador

Facts & Figures • Area: 109,484 square miles

• Capital: Quito

• Languages:6SDQLVKLVWKHRIͫFLDOODQJXDJH4XHFKXDLVDOVRVSRNHQ

• Location: Ecuador is bordered by Colombia and Peru.

• Geography: Ecuador is roughly the size of the state of Washington and straddles the equatorial line. Because of this geographical feature and combined with its different altitudes, Ecuador has a striking diversity of landscapes for a country of its size. Tropical rainforests in the Amazon Basin dominate its eastern section, the Oriente. The Eastern and Western Cordilleras of the Andes make up the Sierra region that bisects the country, topped by the towering peaks of Cotopaxi (19,347 feet) and Chimborazo (20,702 feet). The costa is WKH3DFLͫFWURSLFDOFRDVWDOSODLQZKLFKFRQVWLWXWHVDERXWRQHTXDUWHURIWKHFRXQWU\

• Population: 16,817,133 (2018 estimate)

• Religions: Roman Catholic (95%), Other (5%)

• Time zone: Ecuador is on Ecuador Time, which is the same time as U.S. EST. When it is 6am in Washington D.C., it is 6am in Quito.

65 National Holidays: Ecuador

In addition to the holidays listed below, 05/24 The Battle of Pichincha Ecuador celebrates a number of national 08/10 Independence Day holidays that follow a lunar calendar, such as &DUQLYDODQG(DVWHU7RͫQGRXWLI\RXZLOOEH 10/09 Independence of Guayaquil traveling during these holidays, please visit www.timeanddate.com/holidays. 11/02 All Soul’s Day

01/01 New Year’s Day 11/03 Independence of Cuenca

05/01 Labor Day/May Day 12/25 Christmas Day

Historical Overview of Ecuador There is archaeological evidence of settlements established by hunter-gatherer groups as early as 10,000 B.C. along Ecuador’s southern coast and in the central highlands. Agricultural societies that followed produced the famous Valdivia ceramics, the oldest pottery in the Western Hemisphere. These ancient peoples traded with others in Peru, Brazil, and the Amazon Basin, building a civilization sophisticated enough to construct large coastal cities by 500 B.C. These city GZHOOHUVZRUNHGPHWDODQGKDGQDYLJDWLRQDOVNLOOVVXIͫFLHQWIRUWKHPWRWUDGHZLWKFXOWXUHVDVIDU away as the Maya in ancient Mexico.

The Inca ruler Tupac-Yupanqui invaded from the south in A.D. 1460, but could not conquer the territories of three strong groups in Ecuador: the Canari, Caras, and Quitu. It fell to his son Huayna Capac to accomplish this in the next generation. The Incas brought their language, Quechua, to Ecuador, where it is still widely spoken today in the highlands and the rainforest.

Huayna Capac celebrated his conquest by building the monumental Inca city of Tomebamba, whose ruins near Cuenca remain impressive today. This Inca city in Ecuador rapidly became as large and important in the empire as Cuzco in Peru. When Huayna Capac was on his death bed in 1526, he split the empire between his two sons; Cuzco became the capital of the southern half and Tomebamba the capital of the northern half. It was in Tomebamba that the last Inca ruler, Atahualpa, began his reign. Later, Atahualpa defeated his brother Huascar in a civil war that weakened the empire just before the Spanish conquistadors arrived.

After Francisco Pizarro and his conquistadors conquered the Inca Empire in 1532, Pizarro made KLVEURWKHU*RQ]DORWKHͫUVW6SDQLVKJRYHUQRURI4XLWR(FXDGRU$IHZ\HDUVODWHU)UDQFLVFRZDV killed in a dispute among the Spanish conquerors, and Gonzalo Pizarro rebelled against Spain. He ruled Ecuador independently for over seven years, until Spanish forces defeated his army and executed him in 1548.

Spanish governors ruled Ecuador from Lima, Peru, until the 18th century, after which Spain moved the seat of authority to Bogotá in New Granada (now Colombia). In 1822, Simon Bolivar’s chief lieutenant Antonio Jose de Sucre, brought an end to Spanish rule in the area, though it was not until 1830 that the nation adopted the name “Ecuador” and gained complete autonomy.

66 Following independence, civil war broke out between the conservatives of Quito and more liberal HOHPHQWVLQ*XD\DTXLOLQLWLDWLQJDSDWWHUQRIFRQͬLFWEHWZHHQULJKWDQGOHIWZLQJJURXSVWKDW has persisted in Ecuador’s political life ever since. Dictators ruled the nation for the remainder of the 19th century. Ecuador’s 20th-century history was an intricate series of alternating periods of democratic and military rule.

The last period of military rule in Ecuador ended with the presidential election of 1979. In 1984, FRQVHUYDWLYHEXVLQHVVPDQ/HµQ)HEUHV&RUGHUR5LYDGHQHLUDZDVHOHFWHGSUHVLGHQWDQGKH VXFFHHGHGLQSXWWLQJGRZQPLOLWDU\UHEHOOLRQVWRͫQLVKKLVWHUPLQRIͫFH+HZDVIROORZHGLQ 1988 by Rodrigo Borja Cevallos of the Democratic Left, who in turn was succeeded by U.S.-born Sixto Durán Bellén in 1992. Then, in 2006, economist Rafael Correa was elected president; he was re-elected in 2009 and again in 2013. In 2017, Lenín Moreno was elected as President after serving as Vice President under Rafael Correa.

67 RESOURCES

Suggested Readings

Colombia One Hundred Years of Solitude, Love in the Time of Cholera, and Of Love and Other Demons by Gabriel Garcia Marquez (Literature) Seminal works by Colombia’s most famous author, known for his lyrical prose and stories that mix the real with the magical. Years is the sprawling tale of a family that founds a town and their subsequent relations with the inhabitants. Cholera is a sometimes- GLIͫFXOWWDOHDERXWWKHFRPSOLFDWHGGLVHDVHVWKDWZHFDOOORYHDQGURPDQFHDemons is the tragic story of a girl who may have rabies and her romance with the priest who was hoping to cure her.

Vine of the Soul: Medicine Men, Their Plants, and Rituals in the Colombian Amazon by Richard Evans Schultes and Robert F. Raffauf (Culture, Botany) The title says it all.

The Sound of Things FallingE\-XDQ*DEULHO9DVTXH] )LFWLRQ $ͫFWLRQDOL]HGDFFRXQWRIDPDQ looking for the truth of his friend’s death, set against the backdrop of the drug cartels.

De sobremesa, Poesias, and other titles by Jose Asuncion Silva (Poetry) Widely considered &RORPELD̞VQDWLRQDOSRHW-RVH$VXQFLRQ6LOYD̞VZRUNVFDQEHKDUGWRͫQGLQWKH86̜HVSHFLDOO\ in English—but some are available online.

Bolivia Lines in the Water, Nature and Culture at Lake Titicaca by Benjamin Orlove (Culture) A personal DFFRXQWDERXWWKHͫVKHUPDQRI/DNH7LWLFDFDDVWROGE\DQDQWKURSRORJLVWZKROLYHGDPRQJWKHP A bit scholarly, but with lovely photographs.

A Concise History of Bolivia by Herbert Klein (History) Thousands of years, three major empires, a mountain of silver, and dozens of rebellions compressed into 300 pages.

City of Silver, A MysteryE\$QQDPDULD$OͫHUL 0\VWHU\ 6HWLQWKHWKFHQWXU\DFDWKROLFQXQWULHV to solve a complex mystery in the silver mining city of Potosi.

From the Mines to the Streets: A Bolivian Activist’s Life by Benjamin Kohl, Linda C. Farthing, and Feliciano Felix Muruchi Poma (Biography/History) This book is like a two-in-one experience. On one hand it presents the gripping biography of political activist Muruchi. But interspersed with the biography is useful background information on the history and economy of Bolivia from Kohl and Farthing.

Bolivar: American Liberator by Marie Arana (Biography) The sweeping biography of Simon Bolivar, South America’s “El Libertador”—the brilliant military and political leader who is considered a founding father in six of South America’s modern nations, and the writer of the Bolivian constitution.

68 Andean Express by Juan de Recacoechea, translated by Adrian Althoff (Mystery) Set on a train high in the Andes, this 1950s mystery invites comparisons to Agatha Christie’s Murder on the Orient Express. Written by a Bolivian novelist, this is a light and quick read.

Ecuador Banana: The Fate of the Fruit That Changed the World by Dan Koeppel (History) In this lively DFFRXQW.RHSSHOWUDFHVWKHKLVWRU\DQGSROLWLFDOLQͬXHQFHRIWKLVQRWVRKXPEOHIUXLW+LVWUDYHOV WDNHKLPWR,QGLD(FXDGRU WKHZRUOG̞VODUJHVWSURGXFHU DQGͫQDOO\WR&ROXPELDDQG*XDWHPDOD where he unravels the complex political story of the United Fruit Company (today’s Chiquita).

The Panama Hat Trail by Tom Miller (Travel Narrative/History) Miller’s entertaining and insightful social history of Ecuador as told through its hat-making history. It’s a classic example of travel writing, and one of the best things written on Ecuador.

Billy Budd, Sailor and Selected Tales by Herman Melville (Literature). Look for an edition that includes the “Encantadas” sketches, which are based on the author’s experiences in the Galapagos Islands.

Evolution’s Workshop: God and Science on the Galapagos Islands by Edward J. Larson (Science). What sets this book apart is that it doesn’t just cover Darwin, but also examines what came afterwards, DQGKRZWKHLVODQGVFRQWLQXHGWRLQͬXHQFHRWKHUHYROXWLRQDU\WKHRULHV7KHVDPHDXWKRUKDVDOVR written about the Scopes trial in Summer for the Gods (for which he won the 1998 Pulitzer Prize for History) and the creationist controversy in Trial and Error.

The Beak of the Finch: A Story of Evolution in Our Time by Jonathan Weiner (Natural History). $QDFFHVVLEOHWDNHRQWKHRQJRLQJGHEDWHRYHUHYROXWLRQWKDWJDUQHUHGWKH1RQͫFWLRQ Pulitzer Prize.

The Boy on the Back of the Turtle by Paul Quarrington (Travel Narrative). Humorist, novelist, and family man on a quest, Quarrington offers an entertaining account of a Galapagos voyage in the company of his seven-year-old daughter and seventy-year-old father.

Voyage of the Beagle by Charles Darwin (Exploration). The adventurous tale of a young man on a ͫYH\HDUYR\DJHWKDWFKDQJHGKLVOLIHDQGRXUZD\RIWKLQNLQJDERXWWKHZRUOG)LUVWSXEOLVKHGLQ 1839, this book is still essential reading.

Suggested Movies

Colombia Love in the Time of Cholera (2008, Romance) A story about love, patience, and (of course) cholera. Based on the novel of the same name.

Romancing the Stone (1984, Adventure) Part adventure, part romantic comedy—a novelist and an adventurer team up to on a treasure hunt in Colombia.

El Rey 'UDPD 7KHͫFWLRQDOVWRU\RIDGUXJNLQJSLQVHWLQ&DOL&RORPELDGXULQJWKHV Kind of like a Colombian Scarface or Godfather.

69 The Embrace of the Serpent (2015, Foreign) Two scientists search the Amazon for a scared healing plant with the aid of Karamakate, a shaman and the last of his people.

Colombia: Wild Magic (2015, Documentary) A well-received wildlife documentary about the FRXQWU\̞VELRGLYHUVLW\WKDWZDVDVXUSULVHER[RIͫFHKLWLQ&RORPELD$OVRUHOHDVHGXQGHUWKH Spanish name Colombia Magia Salvaje.

The Snail’s Strategy (1993, Comedy/Foreign) When a landlord starts to evict a group of quirky tenants in a run-down building, they come up with an unlikely solution.

Maria Full of Grace (2004, Drama) A teenager becomes a drug mule to earn money for her family. 7KHPRYLHGHDOVZLWKVRPHGLIͫFXOWDQGFRQWURYHUVLDOWRSLFVEXWZDVFULWLFDOO\DFFODLPHGIRULWV moving performances.

Ecuador Charles Darwin and the Tree of Life 'RFXPHQWDU\ 7KLVRQHKRXUͫOPH[SODLQV'DUZLQ̞V theory of evolution with panache. An extension of the “BBC Earth” series narrated by David Attenborough.

Darwin’s Darkest Hour (2009, Drama). A dramatization of the year leading up to the release of Darwin’s theory, which was nearly “scooped” by a rival scientist.

Fitzcarraldo (1982, Adventure) The story of an obsessive rubber baron who is determined to build an opera house in Iquitos (the gateway to the Peruvian jungle) and will go to incredible lengths to achieve his goal.

Galapagos: The Islands that Changed the World (2007, TV Documentary). A beautifully shot documentary about the diversity of life in the islands, narrated by actress Tilda Swinton.

Inherit the Wind (1960, Drama). Although set in the Deep South, and not South America, Darwin’s theory of evolution is very much at the heart of this courtroom drama, which is loosely based on the Scopes “Monkey” Trial.

Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World (2003, Adventure). A seafaring adventure set GXULQJWKH1DSROHRQLF:DUVZKHQPDULWLPHEDWWOHVZHUHNH\WR(QJODQG̞VͫJKWDJDLQVW)UDQFH even if those battles were off the coast of South America (as depicted in this movie). A few key scenes are set in the Galapagos.

70 Useful Websites

Overseas Adventure Travel Forum (tips from World Weather previous travelers) www.intellicast.com www.oattravel.com/forum www.weather.com www.wunderground.com Overseas Adventure Travel Store www.oatshop.com Basic Travel Phrases (80 languages) www.travlang.com/languages Overseas Adventure Travel Frequent Asked Questions Packing Tips www.oattravel.com/faq www.travelite.org

International Health Information/CDC U.S. Customs & Border Protection (Centers for Disease Control) www.cbp.gov/travel http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel Transportation Security Electricity & Plugs Administration (TSA) www.worldstandards.eu/electricity/ www.tsa.gov plugs-and-sockets National Passport Information Center Foreign Exchange Rates www.travel.state.gov www.xe.com/currencyconverter Holidays Worldwide www.oanda.com/converter/classic www.timeanddate.com/holidays ATM Locators www.mastercard.com/atm www.visa.com/atmlocator

71 Notes

72 Notes

73 Notes

74 BRAZIL BOLIVIA (pre-trip extension) La Paz VENEZUELA Cartagena D Quito PERU A (post-trip extension) COLOMBIA Bogotá VENEZUELA Ocean TRIP EXTENSIONS Pacific ECUADOR Bogotá Salento Quimbaya Cartagena COLOMBIA Pereira Medellin Sea Caribbean Miles To/From U.S. Internal flight Land route Pacific Ocean Pacific 0 100 PANAMA

75 Visit www.oattravel.com or call us toll-free at 1-800-955-1925

0 Traveler 10/2019 76