Nova Southeastern University NSUWorks Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Department of Marine and Environmental Sciences Proceedings, Presentations, Speeches, Lectures

1-2013 Sexual Dimorphism in the Dentition of Pelagic Stingrays, Pteroplatytrygon violacea E. J. Cave Florida Atlantic University

T. Gunn Florida Atlantic University

Christine N. Bedore Florida Atlantic University

Stephen M. Kajiura Florida Atlantic University

David W. Kerstetter Nova Southeastern University, [email protected]

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NSUWorks Citation Cave, E. J.; Gunn, T.; Bedore, Christine N.; Kajiura, Stephen M.; and Kerstetter, David W., "Sexual Dimorphism in the Dentition of Pelagic Stingrays, Pteroplatytrygon violacea" (2013). Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Proceedings, Presentations, Speeches, Lectures. 216. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_facpresentations/216

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63.3 CAUSEY, D.R.*; REYES, J.A.; WAGGONER, C.M.; P3.79 CAVACO, N*; DE JONG, D; SEAVER, E; Kewalo Marine HAMILTON, A.W.; ARMSTRONG, J.L.; KELLEY, K.M.; California Laboratory; naneac@hawaii.edu State Univ. Long Beach, Pacific Coast Environmental Understanding regeneration through an annelid worm Conservancy, Orange County Sanitation District; Regeneration, the ability to re-grow a missing body part after it [email protected] has been removed, is seen in many phyla across the animal PROTEIN EXPRESSION SCREENING IN kingdom. However, the degree to which regeneration occurs ENDOCRINE-DISRUPTED, CORTISOL-PRODUCING varies. For example, some amphibians can regenerate limbs INTERRENAL TISSUE OF URBAN OCEAN FISH while some fish can regenerate fins. In addition, the Wild fish residing near wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) mechanisms for regeneration differ. In some planarians, stem in coastal southern California have previously been cells are readily available to differentiate into needed cell types demonstrated to exhibit an endocrine-disrupted condition while Hydra can regenerate without cell division. An essential affecting function of the cortisol-producing interrenal, which is question of regeneration studies is what is the origin of the correlated with exposures of the fish to specific classes of regenerative tissue? Though many annelids can regenerate environmental contaminants. Fish exhibiting this form of following transverse body amputation, the cellular mechanisms endocrine disruption do not activate a normal neuroendocrine of regeneration in this phylum are poorly studied. The purpose response to stress. Studies of English sole indicate that of my project is to describe what happens in regenerating interrenal response to ACTH is impaired when tested in vitro, juveniles of the annelid Capitella teleta. Juveniles are more and interrenal from these fish exhibit corresponding decreases transparent and regenerate faster than adults. This study aims in expression of steroidogenic mRNAs including to characterize the cellular events during posterior steroidogenesis-activation regulator (StAR) and P450-11β regeneration. EdU, a modified nucleotide, is incorporated to hydroxylase. Using proteomics-based screening, interrenal visualize cell division patterns. By two days post-amputation, proteomes were compared between control and positive labeling in the posterior of the animal marks the onset endocrine-disrupted English sole captured from reference and of cell division. Cell division in the regenerating juvenile is WWTP locations, respectively. Analyses thus far reveal that detected in all three germ layers, but not all germ layers are nine proteins were negatively correlated with cortisol response required to regenerate. New segments reform and normal (p<0.05), while twenty proteins were positively correlated development is re-established by seven days post-amputation. (p<0.05). Identification of some of these proteins indicate DiI, a vital marker, aids in visualizing cell behavior. Adjusting alterations in expression of heat-shock protein 60 (HSP60), DiI techniques will lead to demarcating the amputation site and aldehyde dehydrogenase, peroxiredoxin, and malate capturing cell movement. A detailed understanding of cellular dehydrogenase, suggesting responses including oxidative and patterns seen in regenerating juveniles sets the foundation for cellular stress and altered cellular metabolism. Proteins were future studies on determining the origin of the regenerative also identified that significantly correlated with cortisol tissue in this system. response, which are candidate players in the disrupted interrenal condition. (Support from NOAA/USC Sea Grant Program in California).

P1.134 CAVE, E.J. *; GUNN, T.; BEDORE, C.; KAJIURA, S.; P3.123 CAVIEDES-VIDAL, E*; LOPEZ-CATIVA, L; KERSTETTER, D.; Florida Atlantic University, Nova MOLINA-MARINO, L; Univ Nac de San Luis - Consejo Nac de Southeastern University; [email protected] Inv Científicas y Técnicas, Univ Nac de San Luis; Sexual dimorphism in the dentition of pelagic stingrays, [email protected] Pteroplatytrygon violacea CHARACTERIZATION OF COMPLEMENT-SYSTEM The elasmobranch fishes are a group of vertebrates that have ACTIVITY OF COMMON PIGEON PLASMA (Columba livia) evolved a multi-functional mouth that is involved in mating The complement system (CS) is an important component of the behavior. Sexually dimorphic changes have been observed, innate immune system of vertebrates that protects against which include epidermal thickening in females and seasonal infectious agents. We used the rabbit red blood cell (RRBC) changes in male dentition. Male Atlantic stingray (Dasyatis hemolysis assay to assess and characterize the activity of CS in sabina) dentition changes from molariform to pointed during pigeon plasma (pool). Immediately before the assay, plasma the mating season, which allows them to better grasp the was treated with two inhibitors (EDTA and heat) to make sure females to successfully mate. Pelagic stingrays that hemolysis was due to CS activity. Plasma samples were (Pteroplatytrygon violacea) are in the same family (Dasyatidae) preincubated in a thermoregulated water bath, then a solution as Atlantic stingrays and are likely to undergo seasonal changes of RRBC (2% v/v) was added and the mix incubated again at in dentition as well. However, pelagic stingrays possess pointed selected temperature. After the incubation, samples were symphyseal teeth to aid in feeding on teleosts and squid. centrifuged, supernatant was loaded on a plate and the Therefore, it is unknown if pelagic stingrays also undergo released hemoglobin was read at 540 nm. We evaluated: A) the seasonal changes in dentition to aid in mating. Pelagic stingray effect of the temperature on CS activity by incubating the jaws were collected from commercial fisherman. Tissue was reaction mix at different temperatures. B) the kinetics of dissected from each jaw and the number of teeth in the files hemolysis by incubating plasma samples with RRBC and and rows was recorded. The tooth next to the symphyseal tooth stopping the reaction at different times. C) the effects of the in the second row of the upper jaw was extracted and plasma concentration on RRBC lysis, a series of assays with photographed. Photographs were digitized and analyzed for increased concentrations of plasma was performed. The shape with various software programs. Results show that sexual reaction showed a positive relationship between incubation dimorphism in pelagic stingrays is seen between male and temperature and hemolysis reaching a maximum at 41°C. female teeth (P=0.01). There were no significant differences in Hemolytic activity was detected with a concentration of 10 % males and females between mating and non-mating seasons pigeon plasma and was total at 20 %. RRBC lysis was apparent (P=0.06, P=0.55). The number of tooth rows increased after 2.5 min of incubation and increased steadily until 25 min, significantly according to disc width in upper jaws in both when it became constant. Considering that pigeons are an sexes. The number of tooth rows in the lower jaws of males also extremely successful species that has been widely spread in increased significantly. There is no significant difference in rural and urban areas, that they harbor a diverse parasite fauna tooth files in upper or lower jaws in both sexes. However, and are potentially associated with zoonotic events, to assay the number of tooth files are significantly different between males complement system as an innate immune component in the and females. resistance to disease may be an important tool. Funded by PICT 97-01320 to EC-V

January 3-7, 2013, San Francisco, CA