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On the Occurrence of the Pelagic Stingray Pteroplatytrygon Violacea (Bonaparte, 1832) (Chondrichthyes: Dasyatidae) in the Eastern Mediterranean Basin, Turkey

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On the Occurrence of the Pelagic Stingray Pteroplatytrygon Violacea (Bonaparte, 1832) (Chondrichthyes: Dasyatidae) in the Eastern Mediterranean Basin, Turkey BIHAREAN BIOLOGIST 12 (1): 58-59 ©Biharean Biologist, Oradea, Romania, 2018 Article No.: e172302 http://biozoojournals.ro/bihbiol/index.html On the occurrence of the pelagic stingray Pteroplatytrygon violacea (Bonaparte, 1832) (Chondrichthyes: Dasyatidae) in the eastern Mediterranean basin, Turkey Deniz ERGUDEN1,*, Sibel ALAGOZ ERGUDEN2, Mustafa ÇEKIÇ3 and Ayhan ALTUN1 1. Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Marine Sciences and Technology, University of Iskenderun Technical, TR-31220 Iskenderun, Hatay, Turkey. 2. Department of Fisheries, Vocational School of Imamoglu, University of Cukurova, TR-01700 Imamoglu, Adana, Turkey. 3. Department of Underwater Technology, Vocational School of Denizcilik, University of Iskenderun Technical, TR-31220 Iskenderun, Hatay, Turkey. * Corresponding author, D. Erguden, Fax: (+90) 326-614 18 77, Tel: (+90) 326-614 16 93, E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Received: 04. November 2016 / Accepted: 02. March 2017 / Available online: 05. April 2017 / Printed: June 2018 Abstract. A single female specimen of Pteroplatytrygon violacea (Bonaparte, 1832) was incidentally captured on sandy/muddy bot- tom approximately at a depth of 40 m from Çevlik, Iskenderun Bay, Turkey on 21 March 2016 by a commercial trawler. After the capture, the fresh specimen was identified, photographed, measured to the nearest millimetre, and weighed to the nearest gram. This particular individual of P. violacea measured 950 mm total length (TL) with disc width (DW) of 403 mm and weighed 3940 g. This is the first report of P. violacea from the north eastern Mediterranean (Turkey). Thus, the present study is an indication of the occurrence of P. violacea in the eastern Mediterranean Sea coast of Turkey. Key words: Pelagic stingray, Pteroplatytrygon violacea, Eastern Mediterranean, Turkey. Pelagic stingray, Pteroplatytrygon violacea (Bonaparte, 1832) belongs to the family Dasyatidae and is possibly the only species of stingray that occupies pelagic, oceanic waters (Last & Stevens, 1994). P. violacea commonly inhabits tropical and warm temperate waters. Besides, the species is also dis- tributed in Eastern Atlantic and Western Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Ocean (Mollet 2002). Pteroplatytrygon violacea is usually found in the first 100 m of pelagic, oceanic waters. However, occasional occur- rence at 238 m has also been reported by Bester et al (2007). In the Mediterranean, first record of the pelagic stingray was reported by Tortonese (1956) followed by report from the Aegean Sea, Turkey (Geldiay 1969), and along the coast of Syria (Ali 2003, Saad et al. 2004) and Lebanon (Lteif et al. 2014, Lteif 2015). Figure 1. Map showing capture site of Pteroplatytrygon Up to now, P. violacea has not been reported in the east- violacea from eastern Mediterranean basin, Turkey). ern Mediterranean basin (Turkey). Thus, the present study is Black dot; sampling location. the first time report of the occurrence of P. violacea in the eastern Mediterranean Sea coast of Turkey. A single female specimen of P. violacea was incidentally captured by a commercial trawler on sandy/muddy bottom approximately at a depth of 40 m from Çevlik, İskenderun Bay, Turkey on 21 March 2016 (coordinate: 36° 08’ 28” N, 35° 52’ 22’’ E), (Fig. 1). After the cap- ture, the fresh specimen was identified, photographed, measured to the nearest millimeter, and weighed to the nearest gram (Fig. 2). The specimen was identified following McEachran & Capapé (1994). Pteroplatytrygon violacea measured 950 mm total length (TL) with disc width (DW) of 403 mm and weighed 3940 g. The specimen was identified as follows: snout broadly rounded, not produced, eyes small, disc almost triangular, front and hind margins convex, venomous long sting on tail. The ob- served color of the fresh specimen: upper surfaces dark, ranging from dark purple to dark greenish-blue while the underside is purplish to gray. The female specimen of P. violacea had the following Figure 2. Pteroplatytrygon violacea (Bonaparte, 1832) from morphometric measurements: Disc length (DL) 33.86% of Çevlik coast (Iskenderun Bay, Turkey). TL, pre-nasal distance 14.24%, pre-spiracle distance 20.52%, pre-orbital distance 15.73%, and eye diameter 4.72% of DL. Pteroplatytrygon violacea has been commonly found in the P. violacea in the eastern Mediterranean Sea is an important Mediterranean Sea and occasionally occurred in the eastern data. Besides, this specimen is valuable in that that it is the Mediterranean cost of Turkey. Hence, the occurrence of the first female reported from Iskenderun Bay, Turkey. P. Occurrence of the pelagic stingray Pteroplatytrygon violacea 59 violacea is generally captured by pelagic fishing activities in References the Mediterranean Sea and usually discarded at the fishing Ali, M. (2003): Taxonomic economic study of the Chondrichthyes fish in Syrian site. However, the survival rate of the returned fish might be marine water. MSc Thesis. Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University. Syria, low (Baum et al. 2009). This species is considered as Near Lattakia. pp.184. [in Arabic] Threatened (NT) in the Mediterranean Sea by the IUCN Baum, J., Bianchi, I., Domingo, A., Ebert, D.A., Grubbs, R.D., Mancusi, C., Piercy, A., Serena, F., Snelson, F.F. (2009): Pteroplatytrygon violacea. The IUCN (Cavanagh & Gibson 2007). Red List of Threatened Species. <http://www.iucnredlist.org>, accessed at: Elasmobranches in the Mediterranean are mainly coastal 016.12.27. species and mostly found amongst benthic fauna, which is Bester, C., Mollet, H.F., Bourdon, J. (2007): Biological Profile: Pelagic stingray. <www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/Gallery/Descript/PelagicStingray/PelagicStingr likely to be affected by fishing activities. In the Mediterra- ay.html>, accessed at: 2016.05.18. nean, almost no elasmobranches are subject to directed fish- Cavanagh, R.D., Gibson, C. (2007): Overview of the conservation status of eries, but they constitute just a part of the bycatch in most lo- cartilaginous fishes (Chondrichthyans) in the Mediterranean Sea. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Malaga, Spain. VI, 42 pp. cal artisanal fisheries. However, the sustained increase in Erguden, D., Gurlek, M., Turan, C. (2015): Occurrence of the thresher Alopias trawling effort appears to have caused a decline in biodiver- vulpinus (Bonnaterre, 1788) from the Northeastern Mediterranean coast of sity of the Mediterranean elasmobranches (Erguden et al. Turkey. Biharean Biologist 9(1): 76-77. Geldiay, R. (1969): Izmir Körfezi’nin başlıca balıkları ve muhtemel invasionları. 2015). Ege Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi Monografileri, Izmir. [in Turkish] To date, no specific conservation measures have been Last, P.R., Stevens, J.D. (1994): Sharks and rays of Australia. CSIRO, Australia. taken for elasmobranches in the eastern Mediterranean area. Lteif, M., Khalaf, G., Jarraya, M., Mouawad, R., Lenfant, F. (2014): The status of Efforts should be given to gather more data for the taxon. the cartilaginous fish species in the Lebanese coastal waters. International Congress on Estuaries and Coastal Marine Protected Areas, ECPA 2014. Continued research efforts should be targeted for careful İzmir, Turkey. monitoring of specimens of this species in order to be able to Lteif, M. (2015): Biology, distribution and diversity of cartilaginous fish species take proper actions for conservation. along the Lebanese coast, eastern Mediterranean. Ecology, Environment. HAL: Université de Perpignan Via Domitia. Although the distribution of P. violacea has already been McEachran, J.D., Capapé, C. (1994): Dasyatidae. pp.197-202. In: Whitehead, reported from the western and central Mediterranean and P.J.P., Bauchot, M.L., Hureau, J.C., Nielsen, J., Tortonese, E. (eds.), Fishes of Aegean Sea up to now, specimen of this species has not been the North-eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean. Vol. 1, UNESCO, Paris. Mollet, H.F. (2002): Distribution of the pelagic stingray, Dasyatis violacea reported from Iskenderun Bay, Turkey, up until to this (Bonaparte, 1832), off California, Central America, and worldwide. Marine study. With the present report, the number of confirmed da- Freshwater Review 53(7): 525-530. syatid species in the Mediterranean marine waters of Turkey Saad, A., Seret, B., Ali, M. (2004): Liste commontess des Chondrichthyens de Syrie (Mediterranee orientale). pp.240. In: Masscle, J. et al., (eds.), Rapport of has increased to seven. the 37th Congress of the Mediterranean Science Commission: CIESM, Monaco. Tortonese, E. (1956): Fauna d’Italia. II, Leptocardia Ciclostomata Selachii. Edizioni Calderini. Bologna, Italy. .
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