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PHD RESEARCH PROGRESS Assessing of the impact of on-site sanitation on man-induced recharge and groundwater quality in the Thiaroye aquifer of Dakar, Senegal. DIAW Mor Talla, UCAD, Senegal Third international AfriWatSan Stakeholders Workshop Kisumu, Kenya Main Assessing of chemical and microbiological faecal contamination Objective and hydrodynanism processes related to the impact of on-site sanitation Assess the contribution of on-site sanitation to groundwater-level 1 dynamics (hydrodynamic regional model) ; Assess the pathways and processes of chemical and microbiological 2 contamination (transport models in miniature, statistics and multi- criteria models) ; Assess variations in faecal contamination of groundwater using 3 hydrochemical and microbriological indicators (NO3, PO4, E.coli) and their relationship to human health outcomes. 2 Thiaroye aquifer (Dakar) & a low-income on-site sanitation area Built Pambal built Malika Sanghalkm Wakhinane Nimzatt Ndiareme Limamoulaye Yeumbeul Nord Keur Massar occupying Sam Notoire Golf Sud camberene Medina Gounass Yeumbeul Sud Djidah Thiaroye Kaw pikine Nord Parcelles Assainies Thiaroye Gare Pikine Ouest Pikine Est about 80% Guinaw Rail Nord Diamaguene Sicap Mbao Mbao Yoff Patte d'Oie Guinaw Rail SudThiaroye Diaksao Ngor Dalifort Thiaroye Sur Mer Grand Yoff Rufisque Ouest Rufisque Nord of the total Sicap Liberté Ouakam Dieupeul-Derkle Mermoz-Sacré Coeur HLM Biscuiterie SEBIKOTANE Boundaries Grand Dakar Hann-Bel Air area of the Senegal Fann-Point E- Amitié Gueule Tapée, Fass-Colobane Acquifer localisation DAKAR Medina urban area Marly substratum Plateau 3 Tanma Lake Quaternary Sands Aquifer 3 1.5 0 Km AFRIWATSAN Í 4 2 0 4 Clay and volcanic rock r Km AFRIWATSAN Í - Aquifer used to account for 10% of the Dakar ‘ S water supply Shallow aquifer, Quaternary sands High contamination (NO3, Cl) Supply borehole stops (2008) aquifer, Extreme west of Senegal On-site sanitation Sewered sanitation on-site sanitation Cité Keur Salam " Malika (septic Wakhinane Nimzatt Sanghalkm Ndiareme Limamoulaye Yeumbeul Nord Keur Massar tanks) Sam Notoire Medina Gounass camberene Golf Sud Yeumbeul Sud Djidah Thiaroye Kaw Parcelles Assainies pikine Nord Thiaroye Gare Pikine Ouest Pikine Est Guinaw Rail Nord Diamaguene Sicap Mbao Thiaroye Diaksao Mbao Yoff Patte d'Oie Guinaw Rail Sud Ngor Dalifort Thiaroye Sur Mer Rufisque Ouest Grand Yoff Rufisque Nord Sicap Liberté Ouakam Dieupeul-Derkle HLM Coverage Mermoz-Sacré Coeur Biscuiterie Grand Dakar Hann-Bel Air rate (90 - Fann-Point E- Amitié Gueule Tapée, Fass-Colobane Medina 95%) Plateau 3 0 3 Km AFRIWATSAN Í Hydrohemical and microbiological results 53 % Large 12 wells > number of sites 50 mg/L 10 affected by 8 faecal (meq/L) - 3 6 contami NO nation Max 710 4 infuced mg/L the marine marine the by 2 marine under intrusio 60 % 0 n Water Water influence wells > 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 250 Cl-(meq/L) mg/L - Increase in contamination caused by single injection of septic tanks - Recharge of rainfall origin Lowers contamination August 2016 April 2017 800 Linear (August 2016) Linear (April 2017) 700 70 % 600 wells > - 500 1 CFU /100 NO3 400 mL 300 200 100 0 4 On-site sanitation key input (Sanitation facilities) Advanced spatial tool for determining the number of septic tank /pit Census of the sanitized district communities “Actualisation du Plan Directeur d'Assainissement Liquide de Dakar 2025 » Object-oriented classification of the Quickbird satellite image (2016) 3 Auxilary high resolution satellite image Data type acquisition Source Résolution Satellite image 2003 QuickBird 0.70 (pan-shapping… Satellite image 2009 Orbview 1.60 HR satellite image 2012 Geoeye 0.60 SEGMENTATION CLASSIFICATION VALIDATION On-site sanitation input (Sanitation facilities) Advanced spatial tool for determining the number of septic tank/pit On-site sanitation Sewered sanitation Cité Keur Salam " Malika Wakhinane Nimzatt Sanghalkm Ndiareme Limamoulaye Yeumbeul Nord Keur Massar Sam Notoire - West zone (Sewered sanitation) or 74 Km2 Medina Gounass camberene Golf Sud Yeumbeul Sud Djidah Thiaroye Kaw Parcelles Assainies pikine Nord Pikine EstThiaroye Gare Pikine Ouest Guinaw Rail Nord Diamaguene Sicap Mbao Thiaroye Diaksao Mbao Yoff Patte d'Oie Guinaw Rail Sud Ngor Dalifort Thiaroye Sur Mer Rufisque Ouest Grand Yoff - East zone (On-site sanitation) or 99 Km2 Rufisque Nord Sicap Liberté Ouakam Dieupeul-Derkle Mermoz-Sacré Coeur BiscuiterieHLM Grand Dakar Hann-Bel Air Fann-Point E- Amitié Gueule Tapée, Fass-Colobane Medina Plateau 3 0 3 Fig 1: Distribution of sanitationKm type (DIAW,2017) AFRIWATSAN Í On-site sanitation key input (Sanitation facilities) Advanced spatial tool for determining the number of septic tank/pit A 100x100 m grid at the scale of the aquifer In densely built areas (Spectral and textural characteristics)/size of house In low-built areas (Visual interpretation of Geoeye image) 10 grids of 300 x 200 m for validation Density of septic tank/ Validation grid pit latrine per 10000 m 2 01 - 10 11 - 16 17 - 23 24 - 30 31 - 37 Malika 38 - 44 45 - 50 51 - 55 7 Sanghalkm Wakhinane Nimzatt 56 - 61 Ndiareme Limamoulaye Yeumbeul Nord Keur Massar 62 - 70 350 Sam Notoire Y = 0.9914x + 6.0714 3Medina Gounass 300 camberene 2 Golf Sud 4 R² = 0.9977 Yeumbeul Sud Djidah Thiaroye Kaw 6 250 pikine Nord Parcelles Assainies Diamaguene Sicap Mbao Pikine Est Thiaroye Gare 200 1 Pikine Ouest Guinaw Rail Nord 150 Patte d'Oie Thiaroye Diaksao Mbao through through field work Guinaw Rail Sud 100 Thiaroye Sur Mer Dalifort 5 Number Number of septic tank obtained 50 Rufisque Ouest Hann-Bel Air 0 Rufisque Nord 0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320 360 3 0 3 Number of septic tank determined via Quickbird image Km AFRIWATSAN Í On-site sanitation input (Sanitation facilities) Advanced spatial tool for determining the number of septic tank Density of septic tank/ 2 pit latrine per 10000 m Number of septic tank/pit ≈ 253116 Deni, Bayakh, Mbaouane… High septic 01 - 10 Yoff Grand yoff tank/pit 11 - 16 Ouakam 17 - 23 Thiaroye Sur Mer density in Dalifort 24 - 30 Hann-Bel Air the urban 31 - 37 Patte d'Oie area Pikine Ouest 38 - 44 Thiaroye Diaksao (overcrowdi Malika Guinaw Rail Nord 45 - 50 Guinaw Rail Sud ng ) 51 - 55 Parcelles Assainies Thiaroye Gare 56 - 61 Sanghalkm Wakhinane Nimzatt Pikine Nord 15*8m plots 62 - 70 Pikine Est Ndiareme Limamoulaye Yeumbeul Nord Keur Massar Diamaguene Sicap Mbao Pikine Ouest Sam Notoire camberene Djidah Thiaroye Kaw camberene Medina Gounass Medina Gounass Golf Sud Yeumbeul Sud Djidah Thiaroye Kaw Golf Sud Low septic Sam Notaire tank/pit Parcelles Assainies pikine Nord Wakhinane Nimzatt Pikine Est Thiaroye Gare Ndiareme Limamoulaye Pikine Ouest density in Guinaw Rail Nord Yeumbeul Sud Diamaguene Sicap Mbao Patte d'Oie Thiaroye Diaksao Yeumbeul Nord Mbao the peri- Guinaw Rail Sud Rufisque Ouest Mbao urban area Dalifort Thiaroye Sur Mer Rufisque Ouest Sanghalkm Keur Massar Malika Hann-Bel Air 3 0 3 Rufisque Nord Km AFRIWATSAN Í -5 15 35 55 Fig 2: Density of septic tank or pit (DIAW, 2017) Fig 3 Avearage density of septic tank or pit Fig 4: Density of septic tank or pit per district community (DIAW, 2017) OBJECTIVE II : ASSESSING THE CONTAMINATION PROCESSES Multi-criteria model of vulnerability of acquifer to fecal contamination Density of septic tank/ pit latrine per 10000 m2 Criteria 01 - 10 Permeabiliy (OMS,1972 ; 11 - 16 Seck,1989) 17 - 23 - Density of septic tank/pit (L1) 24 - 30 - Groundwater level (L2) 31 - 37 Not available now - Living standards (L3) 38 - 44 - Population density (L4) Malika - Distribution of wetlands (L5) 45 - 50 51 - 55 - Housing typology (L6) 56 - 61 Sanghalkm - Permeability (L7) Wakhinane Nimzatt 62 - 70 Ndiareme Limamoulaye Density of septic tank/pit (L1) YeumbeulDepth Nord of the water (L2)Keur Massar Permeability (L7) Population density Socio-economic profiles (People/Sq.km) Sam Notoire 00143 - 02286 No cover Peer comparison techniques (Saaty,1977) 02287 - 05140 Medina Gounass Very poor class camberene05141 - 11733 11734 - 15415 Yeumbeul SudPoor class Golf Sud Malika 15416 - 20481 Djidah Thiaroye Kaw Medium class 20482 - 24294 Malika 24295 - 30256 Superior middle class Wakhinane Nimzatt Sanghalkm Ndiareme Limamoulaye Yeumbeul Nord Keur Massar Parcelles30257 - 37597 Assainies pikine Nord Upper class Golf Sud Sam Notoire Medina Gounass 37598 - 48457 Wakhinane Nimzatt ThiaroyeSanghalkm Gare camberene Pikine Est Yeumbeul Sud 48458 - 68356 PikineNdiareme Limamoulaye Ouest Yeumbeul Nord Keur Massar Djidah Thiaroye Kaw Parcelles Assainies pikine Nord Pikine EstThiaroye Gare Sam Notoire Guinaw Rail Nord Pikine Ouest Guinaw Rail NordDiamaguene Sicap Mbao Medina Gounass camberene DiamagueneNgor Yoff Sicap MbaoPatte d'Oie Guinaw Rail SudThiaroye Diaksao Mbao Golf Sud Yeumbeul Sud Thiaroye Diaksao Thiaroye Sur Mer Patte d'Oie Djidah Thiaroye Kaw Dalifort Grand Yoff Mbao Guinaw Rail Sud Parcelles Assainies pikine Nord Thiaroye Gare Pikine Ouest Pikine Est Sicap Liberté Guinaw Rail Nord Ouakam Dieupeul-Derkle Diamaguene Sicap Mbao Patte d'Oie Thiaroye Diaksao Thiaroye Sur Mer GuinawDalifort Rail Sud Mbao Mermoz-Sacré Coeur HLM Biscuiterie Rufisque Ouest Dalifort Thiaroye Sur Mer Grand Dakar Hann-Bel Air Hann-Bel Air Rufisque Ouest Fann-Point E- Amitié Gueule Tapée, Fass-Colobane Hann-Bel Air Medina 3 0 3 Rufisque Nord Plateau Rufisque Nord 3 0 3 AFRIWATSAN Rufisque Est 3 0 3 Km AFRIWATSAN Km Í Í Km AFRIWATSAN Í Population density (L4) Living standard (L3) Each creteria (rating scale) Wetlands Housing type Dense center Classes Level of risk Scale Pericentre very
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  • Anthrovision, Vol. 7.1 | 2019, « Aesthetic Encounters » [En Ligne], Mis En Ligne Le 30 Décembre 2019, Consulté Le 21 Janvier 2021

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    Anthrovision Vaneasa Online Journal Vol. 7.1 | 2019 Aesthetic Encounters The Politics of Moving and (Un)settling Visual Arts, Design and Literature Thomas Fillitz (dir.) Édition électronique URL : http://journals.openedition.org/anthrovision/4332 DOI : 10.4000/anthrovision.4332 ISSN : 2198-6754 Éditeur VANEASA - Visual Anthropology Network of European Association of Social Anthropologists Référence électronique Thomas Fillitz (dir.), Anthrovision, Vol. 7.1 | 2019, « Aesthetic Encounters » [En ligne], mis en ligne le 30 décembre 2019, consulté le 21 janvier 2021. URL : http://journals.openedition.org/anthrovision/4332 ; DOI : https://doi.org/10.4000/anthrovision.4332 Ce document a été généré automatiquement le 21 janvier 2021. © Anthrovision 1 SOMMAIRE Introduction: Politics of Moving and (Un)settling Visual Arts Thomas Fillitz Marketing African and Oceanic Art at the High-end of the Global Art Market: The Case of Christie’s and Sotheby’s Tamara Schild Dak’Art Off. Between Local Art Forms and Global Art Canon Discourses. Thomas Fillitz Returning to Form: Anthropology, Art and a Trans-Formal Methodological Approach Alex Flynn et Lucy Bell A Journey from Virtual and Mixed Reality to Byzantine Icons via Buddhist Philosophy Possible (Decolonizing) Dialogues in Visuality across Time and Space Paolo S. H. Favero Value, Correspondence, and Form: Recalibrating Scales for a Contemporary Anthropology of Art (Epilogue) Jonas Tinius Anthrovision, Vol. 7.1 | 2019 2 Introduction: Politics of Moving and (Un)settling Visual Arts Thomas Fillitz 1 Short versions of the following articles were presented at the panel ‘Aesthetic Encounters: The Politics of Moving and (Un)settling Visual Arts, Design and Literature,’ which Paula Uimonen (Stockholm University) and I organized at the fifteenth biennial conference of the European Association of Social Anthropologists in Stockholm 2018.
  • D a K a R 2 0

    D a K a R 2 0

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