Happy New Year
The Crisis
One Dollar a Year Ten Cents a Copy "Out of the House of Bondage" The latest and greatest book from the pen of PROFESSOR KELLY MILLER
"No man of his race has so sure a power of prunning falacies with passionless intellectual severity."—Boston Transcript. "The man searches deeply into underlying causes."—St. Joseph, Mo., Xews-Press. "A philosophic treatise."—Charlotte, N. C, Observer. "No student of social conditions of America at the present time will want to fail to see it on his shelves."—Southern Workman.
242 Pages. Price SI.50.
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Provident Hospital and Training School for Colored Nurses Aim: To keep its technic equal to the best
Founded 1891
The first training school for colored nurses in this country, Freedman's excepted. Comprises a training school for nurses, hospital, dispensary, and thoroughly equipped children's depart ment; when funds are ample, post graduate work may be undertaken. The hospital is open to all. The races co-operate in the board of trustees, in the medical staff and in administration; the institution is the only one of its kind in which a colored man may act as interne. Cost of buildings and equipment, $100,000; free from debt. Endowment, 550,000, contributed mostly by wills made by colored men. Additional en dowment needed, $5 0,000. The nurses' course covers three years; training and instruction given by both races, according to the highest 36th and Dearborn Sts., Chicago, 111. modern standards.
Mention THE CRISIS THE CRISIS A RECORD OF THE DARKER RACES
PUBLISHED BY THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF COLORED PEOPLE, AT 70 FIFTH AVENUE. NEW YORK CITY
Conducted by W. E. BURGHARDT DU BOIS AUGUSTUS GRANVILLE DILL, Business Manager
Contents Copyrighted, 1914, by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
Contents for January, 1915 •
PICTURES COVER PICTURE. An unpublished portrait of the late Aida Overton Walker. Loaned by Mr. R. G. Doggett. Page BLACK SOLDIERS AT THE BATTLE OF MARNE 130-131 CINQUE OF THE AMISTAD. After the engraving by Sartain 139 ARTICLES TO KEEP THE MEMORY OF CHARLOTTE FORTEN GRIMKE. - A Poem. By Angelina W. Grimke 134 IN THE MATTER OF TWO MEN. A Poem. By James D. Corrothers. 138 THE STORY OF THE AMISTAD. By Susan E. W. Jocelyn 139 SENATOR TILLMAN TO THE EDITOR OF THE MARYLAND "SUFFRAGE NEWS" 140 SEGREGATION. By M. W. Ovington 142 DEPARTMENTS ALONG THE COLOR LINE Ill MEN OF THE MONTH 116 OPINION 119 EDITORIAL 129 THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF COLORED PEOPLE 135 THE BURDEN 145
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MOREHOUSE COLLEGE Atlanta University (Formerly Atlanta Baptist College) Is beautifully located in the City of Atlanta. ATLANTA, GA. Ga. The courses of study include High School, Normal School and College, with College, Academy, Divinity School manual training and domestic science. Among An institution famous within recent years the teachers are graduates of Yale, Harvard, for its emphasis on all sides of manly develop Dartmouth and Wellesley. Forty-five years ment—the only institution in the far South of successful work have been completed. devoted solely to the education of Negro Students come from all parts of the South. young men. Graduates are almost universally successful. Graduates given high ranking by greatest For further information address northern universities. Debating, Y. M. C. A., President EDWARD T. WARE athletics, all live features.
ATLANTA, GA. For information address JOHN HOPE, President.
Knoxville College ST. MARY'S SCHOOL Beautiful Situation. Healthful Location. An Episcopal boarding and day school for The Best Moral and Spiritual Environ girls, under the direction of the Sisters of St ment. A Splendid Intellectual Atmos Mary. Address. phere. Noted for Honest and Thorough THE SISTER-IN-CHARGE Work. 611 N. 43d St. W. Philadelphia, Pa Offers full courses in the following departments: College, . Normal, High School, Grammar School and Industrial. AVOID BAD SCHOOLS Good water, steam heat, electric lights, good drain EDUCATE YOUR CHILDREN AT HOME UNDER OUR EXPERT TEACHERS age. Expenses very reasonable. Opportunity for self-help. Courses for Adults
Fall Term Began September, 1914. PUPILS RECEIVED AT ANY TIME. WRITE TO For information address EDUCATIONAL EXTENSION SCHOOL, BOX 3194 STATION F, WASHING-TON, D. C. President R. W. McGRANAHAN Highly Endorsed. Financially Responsible. KNOXVILLE, TENN.
THE GENERAL HOSPITAL The Agricultural and SCHOOL FOR NURSES Mechanical College Colored Department
MORAL ATMOSPHERE AND HOME IN- FL UENCES. THOROUGHLY MODERN TRAINING. EIGHT HOUR DUTY. PRAC TICAL EXPERIENCE UNDER PROFES Maintained by the govern SIONAL GUIDANCE. LABORATORY, SURGICAL, OBSTETRICAL, MEDICAL ments of North Carolina and AND CONTAGIOUS CASES. SCIENTIFIC INSTRUCTION IN DIETETICS. SPECIAL of the United States. Open PRIVATE NURSING. GRADUATES ELIGI BLE TO STATE REGISTRATION AND all the year round. For NATIONAL RED CROSS NURSING males only. Fall term be SERVICE. ADDRESS,
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Mention THE CRISIS THE CRISIS ADVERTISER 109
The National Religious Training School
"I cordially commend the school's interest and needs to all who believe in the Negro race and in our obligation to help promote its intellectual, moral and religious uplift."
—REV. DR. CHARLES H. PARKHURST, New York City.
IT IS MORE THAN A MERE SCHOOL IT IS A COMMUNITY OF SERVICE AND UPLIFT Its influence is destined to be felt in all sections of the country in improved Negro community life wherever our trained workers locate. Settlement workers, missionaries for home and foreign mission fields, Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A. secretaries and district nurses receive a comprehensive grasp of their studies under a Wellesley graduate and experienced co-workers and actual every-day practice through the school's SOCIAL SERVICE DEPARTMENT. We aim also to create a better qualified ministry. Industrial training, advanced literary branches, business school. Thirty-two acres; ten modern buildings; healthful location. We can accommodate a few more earnest, ambitious students. Communities requiring social workers should write us.
For catalog and detailed information address: PRESIDENT JAMES E. SHEPARD National Religious Training School Durham, N. C. The school has no endowment fund and must raise a yearly maintenance fund of $15,000 for running expenses. Won't you help us this year?
The Cheyney Training School for Teachers CHEYNEY, PENNSYLVANIA
Under the management of the Society of Friends. Beautifully located, healthful, well appointed, and within easy reach of a great variety of educa tional institutions, public and private, extending from West Chester to Philadelphia; representing a wide range of educational problems and practice. This school offers to young colored men and women who have a reasonable secondary school preparation, and who earnestly desire to become teachers, carefully graded courses in academic work, domestic science, domestic art, manual crafts and agriculture. For teachers of experience and intending teachers it offers also a six weeks' summer-school course during the months of July and August. Tuition is free. Board, lodging, heat, light and laundry privileges are offered for nine months for $100. The charge for the same during the summer-school course is $15. Write for particulars to
LESLIE PINCKNEY HILL, Principal
Mention THE CRISIS 110 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER WILEY UNIVERSITY The February CRISIS MARSHALL, TEXAS will be Recognized as a college of the First Class KNOXVILLE NUMBER by Texas and Louisiana State Boards of Education. Harvard, Yale and Columbia DO YOU ADVERTISE ? represented on its faculty; students gath If you want to bring your business to the atten ered from ten different states. tion of 150,000 discriminating readers advertise
in THE CRISIS. Advertising rate cards will Strongest Music Department in the West be sent on application.
M. W. DOGAN, President THE CRISIS 70 Fifth Avenue New York
MANY MORE TEACHERS LEARN BY MAIL TO CUT AND MAKE MODEM, HANG-WELL PANTS ARE NEEDED TO SUPPLY THE DEMANDS UPON US. HUNDREDS OF OF ANY STYLE. EXPERIENCED OR WELL-PREPARED TEACHERS CAN JOIN US TO THEIR ADVANTAGE. WE CAN PLACE YOU IF YOU CAN BE PLACED. FULL COURSE - $5 CUTTING ONLY - $3
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OF INTEREST TO VOCAL STUDENTS
TONE-PLACING AND VOICE- DEVELOPMENT
Points explained, viz.: Breath in Singing, Trying the Voice, the Soprano, the Mezzo-Soprano, the Contralto, Tenor Leggiero or High Tenor, the Baritone, the Bass, Parts of the Vocal Apparatus, the Mouth, the Tongue, Position when Practising, Position when Singing, How to Practice, Good Rules for Singing. Comment from the conductor of the Paulist Chor isters, the celebrated choral society which received the first prize awarded at the International Singing Contest held in Paris on May 25, 1912: "Dear Mr. Tinsley: "I take great pleasure in commending your very useful and succinctly written book on 'Tone-Placing and Voice-Development.' Your own appreciation of the psychology of singing and the fundamental prin ciples of the art you have cleverly reduced to a simple system. Cordially yours, "Father WILLIAM J. FINN, C. S. P., Director Paulist Choristers of Chicago." From "Musical Courier," N. Y.: "A very practical little book is 'Tone-Placing and Voice-Development,' by Pedro T. Tinsley. It contains some very excellent material and vocal exercises, and should be in the hands of all vocal students." "A Mother's Love" From "Music News," Chicago, 111.: "Accordingly is the title of one of our five new Negro pictures, just his 'Practical Method of Singing' is a most concise off the press. It portrays a beautiful young colored and practical little manual, containing many valuable mother fondling her sturdy babe. Painted in 12 voeal exercises. It cannot fail to be helpful to all colors, it is rich and elegant, and every home should ambitious vocal students." have a copy hanging on its wall. Write us for free circular reproductions of our new pictures and terms HELPED HIM GREATLY to agents. For 15 cents in stamps we will send "Since I practised your exercises of 'Tone-Placing agent's 50 cent sample copy of "A Joyful Welcome and Voice-Development* my voice is more resonant Into Heaven," the picture which our agents have sold than it has been for years. It seems to me that I 25,000 copies of during the past few months. We am getting a new voice." Prof. John T. Layton, make a specialty of enlarging photographs. Work Director Coleridge-Taylor Musical Society, 1722 10th guaranteed the best and prices reasonable. St., N. W., Washington, D. C. PRICE $1.00 Agents Wanted Everywhere Address the publisher: Pedro T. Tinsley, 6448 Drexel Ave., Chicago, 111.; or Clayton F. Summy, 64 E. Van THE DOUGLAS SPECIALTIES CO. Buren St., or Lyon & Healy, Adams and Wabash DEPARTMENT K, Ave., Chicago, 111. 3548 VERNON AVE., CHICAGO. 111.
MENTION THE CRISIS THE CRISIS Vol. 9 -No. 3 JANUARY, 1915 Whole No. 51
ALONG THE COLOR LINE
MUSIC AND ART lowing sections—"The Way to Aicady," HE reproduction of "The Adoration of "The Ways of Love," "More Matter of T the Kings'' by Jan Gossart which ap Fact," "A Variant Note," and "The Note of peared in the Christmas number of The the World." Mr. Burroughs was assisted by Crisis is one of a number of noted paintings Mr. A. Nathaniel Gross, pianist, Mr. Israel which make the figure of the adoring black Katz, violinist, and Mr. J. Joseph, accom king one of prominence. The Antwerp Mu panist. seum houses the "Adoration of the Magi," fighting a neighboring saloon. This is part *J S. 11. Tingley, of Providence, R. I., has of a bitter fightoagainst the place by the No- contributed $75,000 to the Freedman's Aid License League. Society. A POET Mr. Corrothers is a poet and writer and JAMES DAVID CORROTHERS was born recently has been read in the best periodicals. in Cass County, Mich., July 2, 1869, in To the Century, especially, he has contrib the celebrated "chain lake" section. He is of uted for sixteen years and to numbers of Negro, Scotch, Irish, Irdian and French the leading dailies. He has just completed blood. As the only colored boy in the little a book for which Ray Stannard Baker has town where he was reared he says that he written the introduction. Mr. Corrothers . had actually to whip every white boy in the married Rosina B. Harvey, of Washington, village before he was allowed to go to school a musician of note and composer. There is in peace. At fourteen he began to work in no doubt that Mr. Corrothers ranks with saw mills and on farms and among other Mr. Braithwaite as the greatest of living things blacked boots and gave sparring ex Negro American poets. hibitions. Eventually he attended North western University and Bennett College in North Carolina. He afterward worked in A READER newspaper work on several daily papers and T> ICHARD B. HARRISON, of Chicago, knew well "Mr. Dooley," Frances Willard was born in London, Ontario, Septem and Henry D. Lloyd. Among his colored ber 28th 1864. He began life as a newsboy friends were Frederick Douglass and Paul and then worked on cattle farms and as a Lawrence Dunbar. bellbov in the old Russell House in Detroit. MR. JAMES DAVID CORROTHERS MR. RICHARD B. HARRISON MEN OF THE MONTH 117 gress in 1868 receiving 3,000 voles over his white opponent, Kaleb Hunt. He ran for an unexpired term for the Fortieth Con gress and was declared elected by the said authorities. He was not, however, sealed in Congress although later Senator Sheldon re ceived the same vote and was vouched for by the same authorities and was seated. Thus, Menard broke the ice and was in reality the first colored congressman. Mr. Menard removed to Florida in 1871 and was appointed a clerk in the post office in Jacksonville and later to the state legis lature. He then became Collector of In ternal Revenue and twice Justice of Peace.. In all his public trusts he proved himself a capable and faithful man and his speech be fore Congress in the Congressional Contest was notable. He retired from public life without a stain on his character and died in 1893 at the age of fifty-three. A SUCCESSFUL PHYSICIAN PDWARD G. BOWDEN, of Griffin, Ga., was born in Georgia, November 30th, THE LATE HON. J. WILLIS MENARD 18S0. At the age of fifteen he was sent to St. Augustine's School, Raleigh, N. C, where Here he began to read Shakespeare and to he graduated in 1902 from the College De- take lessons in elocution, studying under the best teachers he could find. He made his first tour of the United States in 1891 and in 1895 married Gertrude J. Washington, the first colored graduate of the Chicago Musical College. Mr. Harrison was a great friend of Paul Lawrence Dunbar and Mr. Dunbar was best man when Mr. Harrison was married. From 1892 to 1896 Mr. Har rison worked under the Great Western Ly ceum Bureau in California. He returned to the East in the latter year and has been working largely among his own people. He is a man of talent and ambition and is desirous now especially of establishing a lyceum bureau to encourage the talent of the Negro race. THE FIRST NEGRO CONGRESSMAN WILLIS MENARD was born in Illi- J• nois in 1840. During the war he came to Washington and was a clerk in the De partment of Immigration. In 1863 he went to British Honduras but returned and went to New Orleans where he was appointed In spector of Customs and afterward Street Commissioner. He was nominated for Con DR. EDWARD D. BOWDEN 118 THE CRISIS partinent. After teaching school he went to Meharry Medical College in Nashville. Tenn.. where he graduated in 1907 and began the practice of medicine in Griffin. He has a large practice, has accumulated real estate and operates the only colored drug store in the county. He was married to Miss Elizabeth Allen in 1000. A JUSTICE OF THE PEACE Mr. A. BTJRRELL, a colored man of Carney Iowa, was born in Virginia as a slave and is about sixty years of age. He came to Iowa in 1SS0 and lives in Crock er Township where there are about two hundred and fifty voting farmers and about two hundred Negro and foreign miners. He has served for two years as Justice of the Peace and has just been re-elected over a white opponent by a good majority to serve until January, 101-3. He is a miner and farmer. He produces eighty bushels of corn to the acre and he has just bought two and one-half acres to add to his four and one- half at $350 per acre. He is a good specimen of the quiet, thrifty, MR. A. BURRELL honest Negro working man. RESIDENCE OF DR. BOWDEN. GRIFFIN. GA. MR. TROTTER AND MR. WILSON the colored clerks, but to avoid friction. "Mr. President, we are Members of the cabinet had assured him that WHAT MR. TROTTERv here to renew our pro the colored clerks would have comfortable SAID. test against the segrega conditions, though separated. He had taken tion of colored employes in the departments their view that the segregation was the best of our National Government. Mr. President, way to meet this situation and that the best one year ago the sixth of this month we thought of the administration has so de came before you as a delegation of this same cided. organization, now the National Independent "The white people of the country," the Equal Rights League, and presented a na President continued, "as well as I, wish to tional petition, signed by colored Americans see the colored people progress, and admire in thirty-eight states, protesting against the the progress they have already made, and segregation of employes of the National want to see them continue nlong independent Government whose ancestry could be traced lines. There is, however, a great prejudice in whole or in part to Africa, as instituted against colored people, but as Mr. Spencer under your administration. We then ap says, we are all colored, but I mean those of pealed to you to undo this race segregation African descent. It will take one hundred in accord with your duty as President and years to eradicate this prejudice, and we with your pre-election pledges to colored must deal with it as practical men. Segre American voters. We stated that such seg gation is not humiliating but a benefit, and regation was a public humiliation and degra ought to be so regarded by you gentlemen. dation, and entirely unmerited and far-reach If your organization goes out and tells the ing in its injurious effects, a gratuitous blow colored people of the country that it is a against ever loyal citizens and against those, humiliation, they will so regard it, but if you many of whom have aided and supported do not tell them so, and regard it rather as a your elevation to the Presidency of our com benefit, they will regard it the same. The mon country." Mr. Trotter named the vari only harm that will come will be if you cause ous departments in which segregation is still them to think it is a humiliation." in force. "Hence we come to you, Mr. President, by "Mr. President, we did not MR. TROTTER'S ^ ; vote of this league, to se't before you this TQ T|)E M TE HOUGE AG definite continuance of race segregation REPLY. delegates of the National Inde against us a year after you heard our pro pendent Equal Rights League protesting the test and seemed to heed our appeal, to renew segregation in the attitude of dependent the protest and appeal to ask you to en wards of the nation, but as full-fledged tirely abolish segregation of Afro-American American citizens, absolutely equal with all employes in the executive departments." others, to demand our equal rights under the Constitution. It is not in accord with the "In reply the President known facts to claim that the segregation WHAT MR. WILSON ^ ^ after Qur j^j was started because of race friction of the SAID- visit he and his cabinet white and colored clerks. The indisputable officers had investigated as he promised, and facts of the situation will not permit of the cabinet officers told him the segregation was claim that the segregation is due to the fric caused by friction between colored and white tion. It is untenable, in view of the estab clerks, and not done to injure or humiliate lished facts, to maintain that the segregation 120 THE CRISIS is simply to avoid race friction, for the sim advance politically, and he dares not do ple reason that for fifty years white and right wheu that party is wrong. colored clerks have been working; together "Twice before he has been tested, and in peace and harmony and friendliness, do twice before he has failed because he dared ing so even through two Democratic admin not dare his party. Twice the women beard istrations. Soon after your inauguration ed him in his den, twice they asked his opin began segregation was drastically introduced ion, the opinion of an honest and an intelli in the Treasury and Postal departments by gent man, what he thought about votes for your appointees." women. And both times he made an undig nified and a cowardly dodge, because he Then I was interrupted and given feared his party. the rebuke when the President "This time he had a greater opportunity OUARREL, SAI(3. „IF TMG 0^,51^^ js ever in that he had a chance to do something far to have another hearing before me it must more unpopular than indorse votes for wom Lave another spokesman. Your manner of en. That cause has millions of active friends. fends me." The cause of the Negro has very few friends. I was thunderstruck. I immediately asked And least of all has it friends among the in what way I was offensive, and the Chief Democratic party, coming as it does mainly Executive replied: from the Bourbon South. "Your tone, with its background of pas "I, who write this, write with feeling. I sion.'' know whereof I speak. For a number of I then said. '.'But I have no passion in me, years I was employed in the government de Mr. President, you are entirely mistaken; partment in Washington, meeting there men you misinterpret my earnestness for pas and women of both colors, of all kinds from sion." North and South. I know the situation in 1 then continued my rebuttal and was in the government offices, and I know the Negro terrupted by the President, especially when officeholder. I know the brutal, the fiendish, I told him that we could not control the the savage persecution of the Negro in the minds of the colored people, and would not South, rivaling as it does the treatment of if we could on the segregation question. I the Jews in Russia. I know it, not having continued saying: "Two years ago you were read of it in a book, but from having seen it. regarded as a second Abraham Lincoln," "Many times did I surrender, with little when he stopped me and said he wanted no enough regret, the friendship of my office personal reference. I told him if he would associates, and of many others, because I allow me to continue he would see my in was naive enough, democratic enough, So tent. He said he "was the one to do the in cialist enough, human enough, to regard the terrupting and not me." Negro as a human, as a brother and often as T then concluded by saying, "Now we a Comrade in our movement. Often enough colored leaders are denounced in the colored did I suffer, together with my wife, because churches as traitors to our race. "What do we did not believe the Constitution to be a you mean by traitors?" inquired the Presi lie, our proud boast nothing but sham, and dent, and I replied, "Because we supported our liberty a jest. • And so we know. And I he Democratic ticket in 1012." we know that nowhere is there such cruelty We have given above Mr. Trot- as there is in the capital city to a perse ters account of the curious in cuted race." cident which brings us comments from all over the nation. First, as to facts, we quote "You cannot beat the civii service rules. a Socialist, Morris Williams, writing in the If Maggie O'Rafferty happens to head a New York Call. stenographers' list you must appoint her, "President Wilson has had an opportunity even if you come from Georgia, and if you to show himself a great man—and lie failed. find out (as one Southern official found out That man of such promise, of so much in of a girl of that name) that she is as black telligence, with an opportunity to write him as ink there is no redress. It is written. It self down as a President a thousand times is the law. greater than the petty party that he came "In the government offices there was a from, fell down. His party is too powerful. technical equality. The Negro clerks had to Without that party he feels that he cannot eat in inferior saloons, they had to herd by OPINION 121 themselves. But they sat in the same rooms tion of the Southern heelers, men almost il as the "superior" whites. It galled the whites literate, men who think that they are still if they came from Georgia or Alabama. I fighting the Civil War, for the cultured have known men from the South to refuse to Negroes who have fought their way up go to work with Negroes—who happened to against such unparalleled odds. be their intellectual and their moral supe "So they went to Wilson. Wilson the riors—in the same room. Until it was im cultured, Wilson the Democrat, Wilson the pressed upon them that they needn't, that pride of America. And Wilson bethought there were thousands of others who were as himself of Tillman and Blease and Bailey willing and as able to do the work as they, and Hefiin and Underwood. Wilson was and who did not have those compunctions. confronted by the choice of rescinding the "Then came the Democratic party into order segregating the races, and bringing power. That party was led by men of the down upon himself a whirlwind, and of sup type of J. Thomas Hefiin, hater of labor, porting hideous wrong, fastening upon the oppressor of Negroes; men Kke the Hon. limbs of virtual slaves still more strongly the Pitchfork Ben Tillman; men like J. K. shackles of degradation and passing it on Vardaman, whose motto it is that 'this is a with a meaningless platitude. white man's country;' men like John Sharp "So Wilson was weighed in the balance. Williams; the finest group of nigger baiters He was faced by the great opportunity. the country has ever produced. They say AND HE FAILED! they speak for the South—and the South "He murmured some fatuous rubbish does not say them nay. They fulminate, about reducing the "friction" between the they wave the bloody shirt, they nulify the races in the offices, that the offices that were Constitution, they beat and degrade and ter assigned to the Negroes were "as good" as rify and enslave 10,000,000 men of our fel those assigned to the whites, and that they low citizens; they make of our great profes had nothing to complain about. And that is sion of liberty and equality a fraud. They what is said of every bit of injustice that is say they are the South. They announce inflicted upon the under dog—that it is good that they speak for that great section of the for them; that they ought to appreciate it. country. And that section does not rise up "So the Southerners were upheld, the gov as one man and deny the hellish insult. ernment is officially on a par with railroads "That is the party of Woodrow Wilson. that have Jim Crow cars, the President That is the party that made him President. either wrote himself down as one of the op Their chief strength came from the South; pressors, or he groveled before them. And without the South—the White South (for real Americans may hang their heads in all elections are white men's elections) — shame before the whole world." Woodrow Wilson would never have become President. Without the aid of the party The northern press has stood up NORTHERN _ of those men, the cultured Wilson would WITH UNUSUAL VI?OR THE NEW never have ascended to the Presidency. And OPINION. Republic says: "it does not seem so there are political debts to pay. obviously appropriate for the President of "The bulk of the party comes from the the United States to complain of the 'intol South. The largest part of the Cabinet erable burden' of his own office to Negroes officers are Southerners. The bureau chiefs who daily suffer burdens more intolerable, are now largely Southerners. Men of the who come to the President with real griev inferior calibre of William J. Harris, the ances due to the President's own inaction in 'original Wilson man of Georgia,' of ab a moral crisis. The President waives aside solutely no ability, supplant geniuses in all references to consideration of political highly technical positions such as the di support by Negroes as 'blackmail,' but the rectorship of the census. President before his election sought that sup "The inevitable followed. Negroes were port, and sought it with explicit promises segregated from the whites in the govern which Negroes and others believe have not ment offices. The Jim Crowism of the gov been kept. 'Should I become President of ernment began. Those who knew saw im the United States,' he said during the cam minent the casting out of all Negro em paign of 1912, 'they (the colored people) ployes. And I, who know, can say that the may count upon me for absolute fair dealing service will suffer immensely by the institu and for everything by which I could assist 122 THE CRISIS in advancing the interest of this race in the unwisely drawn."—Lowell (Mass.) Courier United States.' What the President has as Citizen. yet done in advancing this interest he does "Perhaps the language of the spokesman not state; what he intends to do in the future was not tactful. Perhaps the President's he does not state. But he does express his suave, pleasant words and promises regard unwillingness to interfere with Southern ing fair and equitable treatment proved a members of his Cabinet, who are segregating bit irritating when contrasted with condi colored employes, setting apart Federal tions as they exist and as the President civil servants with Negro blood in them as knows they have existed for years. 'The though they were lepers, a humiliation which systematic denial of manhood rights to is bitterly resented by colored people black men in America is the crying disgrace throughout the country and deplored by of the century.' These are the words of the thousands of high-minded white people, yet editor of THE CRISIS, perhaps the ablest one which the President finds words to con champion of his race."—Boston, (Mass.) done. The President used fair words in 1912 Traveler and Evening Herald. in his appeal to the Negroes for votes. We "The principle seems clear. The people know now that those words meant nothing." of the United States as a whole would op Then conies a number of papers who we pose the adoption by their Government of let speak for themselves. anything resembling the Jim Crow policy. "The Constitution defines the place of the If States, cities, or private corporations see Negro in our citizenship. The Negro clerk- fit to do this, that is their own affair. But in Washington is entitled to precisely the the national Government must keep free same treatment that any other clerk receives. from it, not primarily because the policy is He has had it under Republican government bad for the Negroes, but because it is bad without friction and without any suspicion for the Government."—Indianapolis Xeics that he was being injured by the failure of (Ind.). the government to segregate him. No pre "That is to say, the colored people ask judice lias been shown him by this admini their rights and the President answers that stration in the departments over which Mr. he feels very kindly towards them and while Bryan of Nebraska, Mr. Garrison of New he cannot consider giving them those he is Jersey and Mr. Lane of California preside. favorable to the idea of giving them some It is the Southern secretaries who discovered thing else about as good, if they can only be that Jim Crow regulations were necessary. induced to think it so. They demand equal Does the President of the United States treatment as citizens of the republic. He approve their exhibition of prejudice against says no. we must screen you off, but we the Negro?"—Syracuse (N. Y.) Post Stand will make thing's comfortable for you behind ard. the screen. But you don't do that, they an "The whole thing now laid before us is a swer, for Semitic. Celtic. Slavic or any other typically Southern issue, treated by the gov class of employes. No, replies the Presi ernment in a typically Southern way. Mr. dent, but we do it with you, and I cannot Wilson's attitude toward this race-sesTeea- discuss the matter any further with you."— tion is, without question, perfectly honest, Post Express (Rochester, N. Y.1. just as it is in the case of other gentlemen "At the National capital sits a Congress with Southern traditions bred in the bone. elected by the suppression of nearly a ma The slave-holders were not less honest in jority of the votes of the Southern States. their contention GO years ago. But the It is a dishonestly elected Congress, and grave question presented is whether the every American knows it. This is Haunting President of the United States, in taking a great National scandal constantly before this view, is living up to the constitution of the eyes of every intelligent citizen of the his country, which he is bound by oath to United States. recognize ard uphold. The constitution may "In such fashion, the conscience of the err in its attempt to give all men, of what nation is being tested. For ourselves, we ever race and color, an equal political right have no doubt whatever that, in the end, with every other race. But at least it is the most Americans will demand that this fester law of the land and as such is not to be nul- ing sore of criminality in the National gov ified by any individual who happens to be ernment shall be cured; that the caustic rem lieve that in this respect the constitution is edy demanded by the Constitution of the OPINION 123 United Stales, (the reduction of the repre must have come to the conclusion that the sentation of all States where this dishonesty great mistake made by American Negroes is is open and flagrant) shall be applied. The in not having had themselves born Filipinos only question is, how much longer shall the or Mexican Indians."—New York Herald. scandal be allowed to exist in its rank and "That there was reason for the President's shameless dishonesty?"—Advertiser (Boston, ill temper is quite true, but it was supplied Mass.). by the Cabinet members who were respon ''The President, a man of southern birth sible for the narrow-minded policy of segre and broad principles, should lose no time in gating Negro employes from white job ordering the rescinding of the McAdoo and holders."—New York Mail. Burleson orders. The race-hatred fomenters "It may be as claimed that the spokesman will accept from him action they would of the colored delegates that recently inter blindly oppose if it came from a president viewed President Wilson for the purpose of of northern birth. He has a chance, just as protesting against the segregation of the col the Negro orator declared, to be a second ored clerks in the U. S. departments at Abraham Lincoln by starting and leading a Washington did not treat the President with movement that will emancipate the race from proper respect, and deserved the rebuke he disabilities under which it now labors, even received; but it is a fact, nevertheless, that as it was emancipated fifty years ago from the protest was against a shameful outrage." involuntary servitude. The first and greatest --Express (Penn Yan, N. Y.). of progressive principles is equality before "We had supposed, after the investigations the law."—Evening Globe (New York City). of last winter, that the vicious policy had "However that may be, this delegation was been checked; we understood that it was to within its rights in making its protest. If be abandoned gradually. In numerous in political conditions and consequences were stances the Jim-Crowing had, we know, been introduced into the plea or argument, it was stopped. The more discouraging is it to not 'blackmail,' as the President indignantly find the President apparently upholding termed it, more than was the threat of Rep what the World justly calls the "foolish in resentative Henry in his demand for cotton discretions of members of his Cabinet." legislation, the demand of labor and its re There was no genuine complaint as to the sponsive sop in the Clayton bill, or many conditions in Washington. Colored and another dicker in the routine of the Presi white employes had worked side by side for dential life."—Bulletin (Philadelphia, Pa.). fifty years. Some of them had been appoint "The race affected had a right to be heard ed by Grover Cleveland—one of his ap in their own behalf and showed a proper pointees to high place being the father of spirit in going directly to the President with Mr. Trotter, a veteran of the Fifty-fifth their grievance. We fear that the President Massachusetts. But the Wilson Administra has lost his head. He is certainly not so tion went out of its way to create the issue happy in these extempore statements, made it now deplores, and cannot see its way clear under the irritation that so easily besets to admitting its mistake and reverting to him as in his more studied deliverances which the only defensible position of absolute compel the admiration even of his political equality in the Government service."—Even opponents and often skillfully cover up the ing Post (New York City). fallacies of his reasoning and hide from view "The Negro race in this country is the the mischievous character of the policy he is political equal of the white race, under the commending."—Press (Philadelphia, Pa.). Federal Constitution, and while the 'Jim "The incident recalls the similar vexation Crow' status and 'grandfather' suffrage laws shown by the President when he abruptly of various States have stood the test of ju dismissed an equal suffrage delegation on dicial review, segregation in the Washington June 30 on the ground that he could not departments unquestionably violates the 'submit to cross-examination.' When a man spirit of the Constitution, whatever shift for is right, he usually will listen patiently to the Government the courts may find in its the other side; when he knows he is wrong, letter. That the nation-wide public sentiment he is very likely to fly off the handle."—New outside of Washington itself sustains classifi York Mail. cation of this character in Government de "After their visit to the White House the partments is not susceptible of proof. The members of that anti-segregation deputation southern influence now dominating those de- 124 THE CRISIS partments is simply asserting its power by leaders of their race—such as Booker Wash introducing the crudest southern customs in ington, and those who are most directly con to the Government of the whole people."— cerned with the cause of Negro education in Springfield Republican (111.). the South. White men are freer and more "It is desirable that the nation know the contented when they work by themselves. President, and that some false notions as to Negroes are freer and more contented when his absolute poise and ideal judicial de they work by themselves. Forcing white meanor be removed. He did not keep his and black to mix in employment, where no temper yesterday; he showed not the control real necessity for mixing exists, is hurtful of the school-master, but the pettishness of to the self-respect and efficiency of both."— the schoolboy. He would never have rebuked Daily Eagle (Brooklyn, N. Y.). white callers in the superior way he did his "The President explained to its members black ones. It is evident that Hon. Wood- that the rule was one of convenience and ex row Wilson has yet a good deal to learn of pediency, to avoid friction between the races. the great lesson of the brotherhood of man We can all perceive its wisdom and justifi kind."—Register (New Haven, Conn.). cation, excepting those Negroes who insist "We once knew a southern attorney; one upon thrusting themselves into white com of the finest men who ever lived. In dis pany. The rule involves no political ostra cussing the Negro problem at one time, ref cism. The colored Treasury employes can erence was made to his colored clients. They continue to serve the government and draw entered his office as did white clients, they their salaries. There is nothing in the Con came to him personally, explained their case, stitution or the various Civil Rights' acts he gave advice, accepted their money, be that compels white men to associate with came their attorney and appeared for them Negroes in the civil service, any more than in court. in business or social life. Secretary McAdoo "But when it was hypothetically stated: has doubtless found that detachment of the 'They come to your desk in your office and colored from the white employes of his de sit down,' the reply came instantly and partment would insure the smoother work sharply. 'Not by a sight; no Negro ing and greater efficiency of its official ma sits in my office.' We know of no better chinery."—Herald (Syracuse, N. Y.). illustration of the southern attitude toward "Booker Washington answered the segre the Negro. It is tolerant, helpful, even gation question by saying that the colored kindly and thankful, until some approach is man ought not to wish to associate with a made that savors of social contact or recog white man who did not want him and that nition. Then the bars are clamped."—Du- the colored man ought to insist just as stren luth News Tribune (Minn.). uously that the white man should not be al "President Wilson was not frank when he lowed to associate with him. As long as suggested to the delegation of visiting Negro there is a clash of the races they should be leaders that segregation in the departments kept apart and the keeping apart should not had been resorted to to make the Negro in reflect upon one race any more than it does dependent of the white race. upon the other."—Journal (Meriden, "Segregation has been resorted to because Conn.). the southern leaders in Congress are bound to have the Negro eliminated from the public THE "The incident developed out of the service in any but a menial capacity."—Reg SOUTH undertaking of the present admini ister Leader (Des Moines, Iowa). stration to rectify the evils existing "The reason given for segregation is noth in various departments at Washington aris ing but an excuse of the hollowest kind, ing out of the employment of both whites which ignores notorious facts."—Oregonian and blacks in the same rooms and bureaus. I Portland, Ore.). During the early days of this administration, Mrs. Wilson was reported to have observed THE COPPER "Tllc No^Toes called to pro- with her own eyes some of the hardships HEADS test against the segregation of of white women in having to work beside colored employes in some of Negro men. Naturally, with her refined the Federal departments. In presenting breeding and Southern rearing, she per such a protest, they asked for a consideration ceived the dangers of that situation. It had that has not been asked for by recognized grown more and more aggravated during OPINION various Republican administrations, when do Negroes even act on a plane of equals, that Party's leadership was so abject in its but as superiors. submission to Negro dictation arising out of "Do we not every day truckle to our in political conditions in the East and West. feriors, and the Negroes see it? Farmers This was thoroughly illustrated by Mr. needing labor truckle to him, the storekeep Roosevelt's conspicuous knocking under to er does the same, the politicians pat him on a delegation of Negro leaders, who pro the back, so that the Negro's attitude has tested against his original attempt to rid been changed towards the whites. No out the Southern Republican organization of the ward signs of deference; they are studiously incubus of Negro influence."—News (Birm omitted. The evident intent is to assert not ingham, Ala.). equality, but superiority."—Telegraph (Ma "There is no injustice in the separation con, Ga.). of the races in the federal departments so "While agitators of the Trotter stripe and long as it does not carry with it unequal certain of their political inciters will doubt accommodations or unequal official privilege. less strive to make capital of it, the episode It involves no more hardship on one race will react to the sole injury of the Trotter than the other. The white people do not cause. Race instinct has quickened wonder complain of this separation; why do the fully throughout the white North in recent Negroes? Social equality they will never years. Insistent and offensive demands for gain in the South, and never generally in racial social equality by self-styled Negro the North, and the sooner they have the good leaders, and the attempts at offensive asser sense to realize this, and the race pride to tion of their imagined "rights" are largely make them regard the question with indif responsible for the race clashes recorded in ference, the sooner they will command pub more than a few Northern states."—Times lic respect. William Monroe Trotter, of Picayune (New Orleans, La.). Boston, and others of his kind are rendering "The 'Lexington, Ky., Herald' thinks that their people a notably bad service by such the President's treatment of the Trotter, insolent performances as that at the White colored, visiting committee, was 'peculiarly House Thursday."—Baltimore (Md.) Sun. unfortunate,' but the 'El Paso, Texas, Times' "We should really like to know just how says Trotter is a 'Jamaica coon,' who would many Negro reporters are on the staff of be made to demonstrate that he was truly The Evening Post and The World. We a 'trotter,' if he should visit 'any representa should like to know how many Negro edito tive'southern community.' "—Courant (Hart rial writers are on the staff of each of these ford, Conn.). papers. If there are no Negro employes in "The little bunch of Boston niggers that either of these important departments of made the 'protest' against the attitude of our contemporaries, we should like to know President Wilson in refusing to be called why it is so? Why are not half of their down by them, do not represent the respect reporters and editors Negroes? Why don't able, self-respecting, law abiding colored they give their theories a real test? people of the United States, who are not "But they will not do this. They are worrying about 'race equality.' The Tucker hyprocrites, steeped in prejudice, and in the darkey who tried to 'sass' the President is single matter of real knowledge- of the races not a Booker T. Washington type of colored and their true relations to each other, are man. He is merely a nigger."—Beaumont little less than ignoramuses, for all of their (Tex.) Enterprise. splendid ability and talents in other re spects."—Advertiser (Montgomery, Ala.). "At what point will the govern- "Trotter has been trained to regard him THE NEW men(. as government stop the se- self as an equal. Visit Florida in the winter. SOUTH. gTegalion of different races? As You will see the 'Yankees' address a white we conceive the purpose of this government, laborer as an inferior, and yet in inter it is to treat every individual as equal before course with the commonest blacks address the eyes of the law—black, or white, red or them very deferentially as 'Mister' and yellow, Jew or Gentile, Protestant or Cath •Mrs.' The Negro will always grab an 'ell' olic—whatever the breed, whatever the creed, if you grant him an inch. The people have matters not, at least should matter not to the yielded to Negro assumption so far that he public official charged with the duty of serv feels he has won a victory over the superior ing all the people. race. Nowhere on the cars, on the streets, "The humblest American citizens of full 126 THE CRISIS Negro blood is in the eyes of the law the THE COLORED "T*°tter , WS,S "ndoLlbtedl.y full equal of the most powerful citizen of PRESS rash, and entered upon his the purest Anglo-Saxon descent. The pub duty without any diplomacy lic servant elected by the people, paid by the whatever, but the President can not escape people, owes to the humblest citizen the same the suspicion that he seized the opportunity protection and the same treatment accord to evade the issue by hiding behind Trotter's ed to the most powerful. Neither breed nor ultra-zealous attitude; that he purposely creed, neither culture nor vocation, should subordinated the interests of ten million determine the treatment accorded to a citi American citizens to his own established zen by a servant. code of White House formalities, and mag "We are distressed that the President has nified the latter as a justification of his eva allied himself with those who believe in the sion of his plain duty toward the former,— perpetuation of race prejudice and justify all under the guise of an imaginary offense race passion. As a private citizen, every to the dignity of his office."—Pittsburgh man has the right to determine his own (Pa.) Courier. course; as a public official, the higher the "The unfortunate part of the situation is office the greater the obligation to act with that the President was insulted and stated justice and treat with patience those who that no man had spoken to him since he had must look to the public officer for the pro been elected as had this Boston Negro and, tection the law. therefore, whenever the Negroes came to the "It is but a step in descent from the posi White House again during his occupancy, tion taken by those public officials in Wash they must have another spokesman. The at ington who segregate one race to the public titude of this leader, in itself, seemed to be official in a southern state who advocates a good argument for segregation."—Louis lynch law. The example of the higher offi ville (Ky.) News. cial will be cited by the lower official as "While the whole incident is a regretable justification for his course. The mob of the one from some angles we are of the opinion South that lynches in the night is but a step that good to the race at large, will come out further than the official order that segre of it by causing influential journals through gates because of color in the day."—Lex out the country to condemn the un-American ington (Ky.) Herald. policy now endorsed by the Administration." "The Courier-Journal agrees with the —The Messenger (Charlottesville, Va.). New York World that the 'segregation' busi "We recall with a degree of disgust that ness over in Washington spells rather small. under circumstances when Trotter and his During fifty years, including two Demo gang were in the position of hosts, they cratic Presidential terms, there was no played the role of bullies and Bowery toughs thought of separating the white and black nearly breaking up a meeting at which Dr. official sheep. Why should the suggestion Rooker T. Washington was the chief speak meet the assent of anybody now? er, the leading Mr. Trotter spent 30 days' "The President acted with entire pro time in jail for his offense. We are tempted priety in calling down the impudent Negro to give expression to the wish that Trotter who acted as spokesman for the committee and his Northern zealots would let Negro of colored protestants. It seems that he is affairs alone if they can do no more than a well-known professional agitator from bungle them up. Boston who was once imprisoned for break "There is not another Negro in the whole ing up a Booker Washington meeting. The race who would have committed such a per lesson he received may not do him any good. formance."—Birmingham (Ala.) Reporter. But it ought to impress itself upon all who "But we have never known Mr. Trotter fail to recognize the sanctity of the White to lose his head in any controversy, or to House and the dignity of its occupant. forget his duty as a cultured Christian gen "The segregation order should be revoked. tleman. Tt may be true that his earnestness It has no real cause or interest to back it. was mistaken for temper, or perhaps for an The issue should not have been raised. Hav inexcusable failure to properly realize his ing rebuked Trotter, let Mr. Wilson take 'place' when speaking in the presence of or matters further into his own hands, and re to a 'white man.' The horrible image of a store the status quo,"—Courier Journal 'sassy nigger' may have been focussed in a (Louisville, Ky.). greatly magnified and chromatic field, but OPINION 127 we are sure that it was the result of some policy of the South, which is being encour form of aberration we know not what."— aged by the President and more and more The Bee (Washington, D. C). rigorously applied than at any time since "One has only to be at the national capi Emancipation, lending lo discourage and tal and see what is going on to be convinced repress every manifestation of aspiration of this. It is not a party fight, and partisan for political and civil equality, becomes man lines should be ignored. The danger is ifestly illogical, it' not preposterous in the through the federal government and we are light of the true significance of 'economic all citizens of it and should all exert a pres success and comfort.' " sure upon the federal government, both di rect and through others. We appeal to the m race to realize the danger and to exert their OUR QUESTIONNAIRE powers as citizens at once and as never be "In order to secure informa- THE BOURBON ^ . fore. We can win if we will work."—The FOJ NEGR0 THE Guardian (Boston, Mass.). SOUTH. 'National Association for the "When the same Wm. Monroe Trotter and Advancement of Colored People' has sent a a few of his associates who supported Wil 'questionnaire' to every congressional nomi son, called upon the Governor in 1912 at nee, according to the New York Evening Trenton, they were received with open arms Post, which publishes the queries and re and the glad, grasping hand so fraternally ports on the responses of the nineteen New extended. Promises, many promises, sweet York candidates heard from. . . . promises, made to the ear, but to be broken "This report is highly interesting, both to the heart, were eagerly made, not alone as a revelation of the purposes and threat with the tongue, but with the pen. The ening attitude of the 'National Association Christian Governor of New Jersey, pledged for the Advancement of Colored People' and himself as a Christian man that the NegTO as proof of the yielding to the pressure of had nothing to fear, for should he be elected the Negro vote in the doubtful States on the president, they would receive Christian treat part of a considerable number of politicians ment and should hold under his administra who, if left free, would undoubtedly respond tion, all the offices or as many offices as they to their normal instincts in opposition to the were holding under the then Taft administra abnormal intermarriage of distinct races. tion."—Si. Luke Herald (Richmond, Va.). "The most important means of 'advancing The Washington Bee thus comments on colored people,' in the view of the 'National the Hampton defense of President Wilson: Association' for the purpose, is to marry "The milk of the quotation consists in the them to the whites, it would appear, and, in following: 'I think one of the happiest cir order to secure the Negro vote, a consider cumstances of recent times is this co-opera able number of New York candidates are tion between the white people and the Ne willing to be advertised as favoring such a groes in the South in intelligent efforts to policy. And yet the idea is monstrous, con advance the economic success and comfort trary to nature, and opposed to every nor of the Negroes and put them in a position mal instinct implanted in the several distinct where they can work out their own fortunes varieties of mankind. vvith success and self-respect.' That the "There must be very good reasons why President's attitude is clearly stated in the there are some half dozen grand divisions above quotation there is small reason to of the human race, set apart by color and doubt, and to that extent we certainly agree other distinctive racial characteristics, and with Mr. Aery. But as to whether the Pres there are equally good reasons why it is un ident's attitude is the correct one, or whether desirable for all these distinct races to be it comports with the actual conditions ob come merged into one mongrel type; other taining, in the main, at the South, or whether wise all mankind from the outset would have it is in harmony with the social' forces cal been of one color and of a general likeness culated to produce the ultimate results he varying only in individuals. Nature itself seems to desire, are questions upon which has set up a barrier opposed to such a mon- there is large room for differences of opin grelization and inevitable deterioration, and ion. The supposition that the 'economic suc this barrier is what we call racial aversion cess and comfort' of the colored people can or race prejudice, which, when it does not be reasonably expected under the general lead to wrong or crime, is in itself a per- 128 THE CRISIS fectly normal, innocent and desirable thing." eating, calculus-workers of Boston condemn, Macon (Ga.) Daily Telegraph. and no resolution can stop our song."— Montgomery (Ala.) Advertiser. THE BOSTON SONGS "In eliminating the objec A BOURBON AT BAY NORTHERN AND tionable song books from SOUTHERN The New York World has the following the institutions under their OPINION. report of the last dinner of the Southern control the Boston school Society in New York: committee have affirmed a principle and made a contribution to social peace. The "John Skelton Williams, Comptroller of meanest kind of disparagement is that of the Currency, brought up the race question epithets aimed at race, nationality or creed, by declaring in his address: and the subjection of children to it on the " 'All other issues have appeared to us ground of their color would have been a flat light and negligible when white supremacy negation of everything there is of humane was threatened. Happily such fears are now in our educational system. And the suc no more to be regarded than as a frightful cessful protest just registered is by no means dream. Our constitutional conventions in the the end of the good work. The colored peo different States have so limited and safe ple are especially sensitive, and have a right guarded the right of suffrage in an effort to to be. They are not the only sufferers."— secure an enlightened electorate, that Negro Boston (Mass.) Herald. rule has ceased to be a menace. "Boston culture is getting to be a nui " 'Long ago we determined that the Negro sance, due largely to the fact that as Bos- should never be our master; that we would tonians become 'cultured' they do not lose work with him and help him and let him any of their stupidity. help and work with us, but that, as a social "If the point raised by the Boston Ne and political equal, the best interests of both groes and whites were submitted to a refer races and of the country demanded stern, endum of Southern Negroes and their best final and definite prohibition. The dignity, friends, the Southern people, there would welfare and prosperity of the two races and be about six votes in each State cast in line of the entire country are and will be pro with the Boston demand. moted by the policy of strict segregation.' "Take out of the hearts of men 'My Old "Former Attorney-General George W. Kentucky Home,' 'Massa's in De Cold, Cold Wiekersham took suave but pointed issue Ground,' 'Suwanee River,' and a few others, with this declaration. and some of the sweetest, fondest, recollec " 'I do not believe,' he said, 'that this tions of the Southern plantation Negro problem will ever be solved by the total dis would be wiped away. franchisement for all time of 10,000,000 of "The folklore songs of the South, the best our citizens. No people can thrive and ad of which were written by a sympathetic vance if, side by side and working with them, Northerner, the plantation melodies, the de are 10,000,000 who are disfranchised from licious Negro dialect, picturing as they do all voice in government. the simple emotions, strange superstitions, " 'God knows that this is a difficult prob the melancholy and the gladness of the Ne lem and God knows how it will be solved, gro heart—these must stand. They will but it cannot be solved by denying to any, be stand. Any literature in which the Negro he black or yellow or red, the right of a is portrayed must give place to these 'in voice in making the laws by which he shall sults,' if the truth be told. Tf the Negro be be governed and in the choice of the men who not forgotten he must be pictured as he is shall govern him.' and he has always been, for, if we abolish "Then turning toward the Comptroller, folklore songs with their comedy, their Mr. Wiekersham concluded earnestly: pathos, their abiding sentimentality, there is " 'Believe me, this problem is not solved no charm in any part of any study of the by the method you offer.' Negro race. "It was notable that while Mr. Williams had "The Negroes of the South and the white been heard through without applause, Mr. people of the South have decided that they Wiekersham was twice interrupted by hand- love the melodies and stories which the bean- clapping." 1 EDITORIAL CORRESPONDENCE powers of government, while the real rulers RESIDENT Wood row hide in the background so effectually that Wilson. their very existence often is not sensed. Since the Civil War we have driven these My dear Sir: rulers into the open, and frankly acknowl Enclosed are three edged, weighed and studied their power. editorials from the New From this knowledge we have started York World, the Trib well on the way toward dethroning the ward une and the Post, bearing on the recent heeler and the petty boss, and are hammering interview of a representative of the Na at the strongholds of the greater bosses. Our tional Independent Political League at real difficulty comes in settling in our own the White House. minds a proper, permanent repository for This Association does not for a mo the power thus regained. In other words, ment excuse any rudeness or lack of we are facing to-day still the elementary courtesy to you who above all others are problem of democracy: How far do we dare trust the mass of the people, not with sham entitled to respect, but wishes to place power and sounding phrases, but with real itself on record as agreeing with Mr. power? Trotter that the slightest discrimination Those on the one hand who call for com against colored people in the federal mission government, and those on the other service is a grave injustice. hand who ask for the initiative and the recall Respectfully yours, represent the two different answers to this (Signed) J. E. SPINGABN, problem. True it is, that there are those far- Chairman of the Board of Directors. sighted ones who combine both demands. For the most part, however, we may dis- m finguish those who would deposit the power FROM THE BOSTON "GLOBE." won from the bosses with one or more strong men for safekeeping; and those who would [HE following editorial on try and place that power just as far as pos '' The Alleged Failure sible in the hands of the masses. of Democracy'' was writ There can be no doubt that the former type ten by the editor of THE of thinkers gains great strength and support CRISIS and printed in the from the supposed failure of certain demo Boston Sunday Globe: cratic experiments in the past, particularly We are becoming more democratic, but not in the case of the foreign vote in our cities easily, not without struggle and misgivings. and of the Negro vote during reconstruction Our progress seems even slower than it is times. The alleged failure of democracy in because we have really experienced so little reconstruction times especially has been used real democracy in the past. We founded a in the past and is still used as a tremendous republic in 1787 which was in reality an argument against democracy in the nation aristocracy of the most pronounced tenden and in the world. The argument runs some cies. The democracy ushered in by Andrew thing like this: "Ignorant freedmen failed Jackson was the beginning of that system of as voters. This proves that democratic government by deception where "the people" government cannot rest on ignorance." But are congratulated on the possession of all how much learning is necessary to a share Drawn by Paul Thiriat THE DESPERATE ATTEMPT OF GENERAL VON This picture drawn by the special artist for THE CRISIS, the New York Herald, and the H found themselves hemmed in by the Allies at Germigny l'Eveque, near Varreddes, during the bat* way through the town black Colonial troops armed with long French bayonets charged them. After many had been slain on both sides the Germans retreated. Copyrighted by The Crisis and the .\. Y. Herald break the allied line of the marne shows an incident of the fighting on the Marne. When German forces under General von Kluck lost desperate hand to hand encounters of the war occurred. As the Germans were making their time the Germans withstood the onslaught, the fighting taking place between blazing houses. 132 THE CRISIS in the government? Immediately our ideas the argument in the twentieth century that enlarge: "Government is for the educated the democratic ideals of the nineteenth cen and the expert. It is a reward, not a right. tury were in vain. Democracy is an evolution that may come to To the help of this program comes the fruition in a thousand years. To-day we wholesale exploitation and despising of need the strength and efficiency found only colored races and the suicidal career of in a few." In the face of such argument it universal conquest to which.Europe stands is high time that the people of this country committed. asked themselves seriously two questions: But the march of real democracy goes on. What is democracy? Did democracy fail in Slowly but surely the masses of men will reconstruction ? become the great depositors of the bulk of Democracy is not a gift of power, but a both political and economical power, for reservoir of knowledge. Only the soul that their own good. Only democratic govern suffers knows its suffering. Only the one who ment can be both enlightened and selfish, needs knows what need means. Ignorance both bond and free. may vitiate the expression of needs and vice may deceive, but it remains true that des LOGIC potism and aristocracy have displayed far 1 more ignorance of the real needs of the NE of the interesting ways people than the most ignorant of democracies. of settling the race prob The people alone are the sources of that real lem comes to the fore in knowledge which enables a State to be ruled this period of unemploy for the best good of its inhabitants. And ment among the poor. In only by putting power in the hands of each Waterloo, Ivy., the enter inhabitant can we hope to approximate in prising chief of police is arresting all the ultimate use of that power the greatest unemployed Negroes and putting them good to the greatest number. in jail, thus securing their labor for the Seldom in the history of the world has state at the cheapest possible figure. this great truth been so well proved as in the experience of the American Negro. This bright idea did not originate in Without civil or political rights, and admit Kentucky-. It is used all through the ting every claim of benevolence on the part South and strong sermons and editorials of his master, he became a slave, whose very are written against "lazy'' Negroes. existence threatened the industrial and Despite this there are people in this spiritual life of the nation. Emancipated country who wonder at the increase of and given a vote, despite his ignorance and "crime" among colored people. inexperience, he gave the South three gifts, so valuable that no one to-day would dream of giving them up : BOURBONS 1. The public-school system. 2. The enfranchisement of the poor ' HE Charlotte Observer vhites. notes that a Philadelphia 3. The beginning of modern social legis- paper has been asked why ation in land reform, eleemosynary in- the intelligent, rich and ;titutions and social uplift. thickly populated North The Negro was not disfranchised because and West are divided into le had failed in democratic government, but nearly equal political parties while the oeeause there was every reason to believe South votes simply the Democratic that he would succeed, and it was his success ticket. The Observer explains ponder which the beaten masters feared more than ously. It says that the reason is because his failure. the Negro was enfranchised fifty years Having disfranchised him with this fiction ago. "This colored majority were Re of failure, that same fiction is being used to-day to discredit democracy throughout the publican and as a perfectly logical con nation, to stop the just enfranchisement of sequence they forced practically all women, to curtail the power of the foreign white voters" into the Democratic party. born and their descendants, and to support This is all clear and logical, but why EDITORIAL 133 in the name of reason are they still vot attract the tens of thousands of black ing like one unthinking herd instead of voters who are going to cast their ballots like intelligent beings? The Negroes in certain states this fall where the suf have been disfranchised. In the south frage question will come up. They will ern South the black vote is quite negli not be satisfied in having their black gible. Caddo Parish, La., with a major sisters of the South disfranchised like ity of colored inhabitants has forty-nine their black brothers and they will hold Negro voters and over four thousand in frank and logical suspicion a party white voters. Why, then, are these four that is working for that kind of demo thousand white voters voting without cracy. rule or reason? Are they so afraid of Moreover, there are thousands of white forty-nine votes? Certainly not. The people in this country whom this kind real reason is that there is no demo of quibbling disgusts. Everybody cratic government in the South. There knows what desperate effort has been is simply an oligarchy kept in power by made by certain elements among the skillful stirring up of hatred in the suffragists to dodge the Negro problem, breasts of men against persons of Negro to try and work for democracy for white descent. In this way a vast rotten bor people while being dumb before slavery ough has been built up, and democratic for blacks. This element has been government in the United States cannot squelched several times in the counsels triumph until this is destroyed root and of the party but it continually bobs up. branch and the franchise based upon in Let the suffrage movement beware! In telligence regardless of race or sex. the turnings of time Mrs. Belmont may not be as adroit as she at present con ceives herself. AGILITY iRS. 0. H. P. BELMONT IN COURT is coming in for consider able praise on account of T has happened time after her facile answer to a dis time, in case after case. turbing question while The American Negro has she was campaigning for taken his cause before the suffrage in the South. At Chattanooga courts half prepared. He she was asked if her movement meant has been warned of this. the giving of votes to colored women. He ought to have learned by bitter ex Mrs. Belmont was most adroit. The ex perience but he has not yet learned. pectant hush fell on the audience and Law is not simply a matter of right and instead of standing up like a frank wrong—it is a matter of learning, ex woman and saying "Yes," Mrs. Belmont perience and precedents. A colored quibbled and twisted after the most ap lawyer may go before a court with a proved southern fashion. "We want," just case. He may bring learning to she said, "the same voting privileges for his case. In nine cases out of ten he colored women as are given colored cannot bring experience because the color line in the legal profession gives men." And there the adroitness stands him little chance for experience. With naked and unashamed. out this experience his knowledge of It will undoubtedly attract the sup precedents must be limited. port of those southerners who want aristocratic white women to vote and to Attorney Harrison, who brought the vote their narrow-headed prejudices in recent Oklahoma case before the Su to a new southern oligarchy. But there preme Court, is a man of intelligence are people whom such dishonesty will and devotion to his cause. He was not attract. It will not, for instance, warned, however, frankly by lawyers of 134 THE CRISIS wide experience to associate with him vastly set up by a contemplation of his self the best legal talent of the country own perfections. He is white, handsome so that his case might be adequately pre and masterful and of goodly physical sented. He refused this aid. He suc proportions. Here, then, is a starting cumbed to the temptation of trying to point. Persons who haven't his style of bear the whole burden himself, under beauty and whose parents haven't been circumstances where it was no dishonor able to send them to college and above but ordinary carefulness to call to his all, persons whose faces do not reflect aid other and more experienced attor the same amount of light as his open neys. The result was that his case was countenance are being damned by Mr. half lost. The strong statement which Ross for time and eternity. was elicited from the court is of great "The black Portuguese," says the dis value, hut the real decision which will tinguished gentleman, ''are obviously stop the Oklahoma experiment is yet to Negroid, lack foresight and are so stu come, and all the laborious work must be pid they cannot follow a straight line." done over again. How many times are After this it would hardly be necessary we going to repeat this foolish mistake? to quote things that Mr. Ross would say about Negroes. In fact, if Mr. Ross had his way he would clean most human ROSS beings off the earth. He has his firm R. EDWARD A L S - opinions concerning Jews, "dagos" and WORTH ROSS has the unspeakable East. The only diffi found a new road to fame culty about this new crusader is that he and seems scarcely to takes himself seriously and that current recognize that the new magazines are sufficiently in want of road is quite old and ideas to print what he says. Of such is worn by many bloody feet. Mr. Ross is the kingdom of prejudice ! To Keep the Memory of Charlotte Forten Grimke BY ANGELINA W. GRIMKE Still are there wonders of the dark and day: The wild flowers that she loved down green The muted shrilling' of shy things at night, ways stray; So small beneath the stars and moon; Her roses lift their wistful buds at dawn, The peace, dream-frail, but perfect while But not for eyes that loved them best; the light Only her little pansies are all gone, Lies softly on the leaves at noon. Some lying softly on her breast. These are, and these will be And flowers will bud and be Until eternity; Until eternity; But she who loved them well has gone away. But she who loved them well has gone away. Where has she gone? And who is there to Each dawn, while yet the east is veiled grey, say? The birds about her window wake and But this we know: her gentle spirit moves sing; And is where beauty never wanes, And far away, each day, some lark Perchance by other streams, mid other 1 know is singing where the grasses swing; groves; Some robin calls and calls at dark. And to us here, ah! she remains These are. and these will be A lovely memory Until eternity; Until eternity; But she who loved them well has gone away. She came, she loved, and then she went away. NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE A A N m m m ADVANCEMENT OF COLORED PEOPLE ANNUAL MEETING MEETINGS ' I \HE annual meeting will be held in New A PARLOR meeting was held at the New York City on Monday afternoon, Janu York home of Mrs. Henry Villard on ary 4, in Room 521, 70 Fifth Avenue, at .'i Saturday afternoon, November 21. Mrs. Vil P. M. This meeting is purely formal and lard, who presided, made an eloquent plea will, without transacting any business, ad for justice to the Negro and dwelt on the journ until February 12. On that date there menace of race prejudice as illustrated in will be two sessions: an evening public ses the present war. Mr. Harry T. Burleigh, sion, over which Mr. Oswald Garrison Vil- the baritone and composer, captivated his lard will preside, at Ethical Culture Hall, 2 audience by his characteristically artistic in W. 64th Street. The chief address will be terpretation of selections from Negro spir made by the Hon. Charles S. Whitman, the itual songs and lullabies. The attention Governor-elect, who will present the Spin- which Mrs. Butler R. Wilson's address re garn Medal. ceived, was a significant tribute to its effec There will be other distinguished speakers tiveness. on the program including Prof. William The Trenton Branch held a successful Pickens. The subject of the address of meeting with Mr. Studin and Miss Kathryn Prof. Pickens will be Frederick Douglass. M. Johnson as speakers. A number of new Prof. Pickens, formerly of Talladega College members was secured. and now at Wiley University, has devoted As a result of the meeting held by the himself to teaching since his graduation Branch of the Oranges at which Mr. Arthur from Yale where he was one of the honor B. Spingarn, Chairman of the Legal Com men of his class, having been elected to the mittee, and Mrs. Wilson spoke, fresh inter Phi Beta Kappa and class orator. He is est was aroused in the work of the N. A. A. becoming increasingly known as a lecturer C. P. and a series of meetings in the Or and is the author of "The Heir of Slaves." anges is now being planned. The business session of the annual meet At the meeting which was held at Howard ing will be held in the Parish House of St. University in the interest of the Association Mark's Methodist Episcopal Church at 2.30 by College Chapter No. 1 a prize was offered in the afternoon of February 12, and will for the best essay on the work of the N. A. be open to members only. The Nominating A. C. P. This was donated by Mrs. Henry Committee of the Board of Directors, con Villard and is a fine portrait of William sisting of Mr. Archibald H. Grimke, Chair Lloyd Garrison. Stirring addresses were man, Dr. F. N. Cardozo and Dr. C. E. made by Dr. Spingarn, Mrs. Wilson and Bentley, announce as their unanimous choice Mr. Thomas of the District of Columbia the nomination of the following directors to Branch. The assembly hall was crowded to succeed themselves as members of the Board, its doors by enthusiastic students. their terms to expire in January, 1918: Dr. Spingarn and Mrs. Wilson also spoke Rev. John Haynes Holmes, New York; Dr. to large audiences in Wilmington and Har- V. Morton Jones, Brooklyn; Mr. John E. risburg. Many new members and subscrip Milholland, New York; Prof. George Wil tions to THE CRISIS were secured and in liam Cook, Washington; Dr. J. E. Spingarn, Wilmington a branch was organized by Miss New York; Mr. Moorfield Storey, Boston; Kathryn M. Johnson. Mrs. Wilson also ad Mr. Oswald Garrison Villard, New York; dressed a series of meetings in Pittsburgh Dr.' O. M. Waller, Brooklyn; Mr. William which will be the starting point in the lec English Walling, New York; Mr. Archibald ture trip now being arranged for Dr. Spin H. Grimke, Washington. These are to be garn in January, and which will include the voted upon by the Association at its busi following cities: Columbus, Springfield, ness session, at which time a new constitu Dayton and Cincinnati, Ohio; Springfield, tion and by-laws recommended for adop 111.; St. Joseph, Mo.; Des Moines, Iowa; tion by the Board of Directors will be pre Omaha, Neb.; Minneapolis, St. Paul, Toledo sented to the Association for approval. and Buffalo. A few additional engagements 136 THE CRISIS might be made for Dr. Spingarn if applica doin School, said that the songs had caused tion is made to the National Office immedi trouble in his school. The vote of the com ately. Dr. Spingarn pays all his own ex mittee to discard the books was unamious. penses. District of Columbia: Another victory BRANCHES over segregation was won by the District of Baltimore: The ambitious program of Columbia Branch in the case of one of the the Baltimore Branch for the next few department stores in Washington which had months indicates the activity of its members discriminated against two colored teachers in the work of the N. A. A. C. P. A con by requesting them to sit in a particular cert is announced for Friday, December 18, part of their restaurant. Both the ladies at Albaugh's Theatre. Miss Lucy D. Slowe who are members of the District of Colum has entire management of this affair. Miss bia Branch are college graduates and prom Slowe, who is a teacher of English in the inent in the Washington schools. The mat Baltimore High School, is distinguished for ter was taken up by the Branch and the her executive ability. She was Secretary of owner of the store has given assurance that the Branch at the time of the annual con no discrimination would be tolerated in the ference in Baltimore and too high praise future. cannot be given her work. On February El Paso: This southern outpost an 12, a mass meeting to celebrate the anniver nounces that they have planned a co-opera sary of Frederick Douglass will be held, and tive Emancipation celebration with the local on March 11, a second concert will be given churches, lodges and schools for Friday, for the benefit of the Association when the January 1, for the benefit of the Association. Williams Colored Singers will be heard. Kansas City: The Association desires Boston: The Boston Branch has won a through the columns of THE CRISIS to ex victory in persuading the Boston School press its appreciation of the generosity of Committee to withdraw from the schools a the Kansas City Branch for the substantial book entitled "Forty Best Songs" compiled contribution recently sent in response to the for school use by James M. McLaughlin. appeal to branches. This action was taken after a public hearing The ordinance introduced to prevent the lasting over an hour and attended by erection of the Baptist College on the Massie a crowd which overflowed the corridors of property is now in the Public Improvement the School Committee Chambers. The Na Committee of the Upper House of the Leg tional Association was represented by some islature. Dr. H. M. Smith, a member of the of its most distinguished officers and mem Branch, has been most active in his efforts bers including Miss Elizabeth C. Putnam, to kill this ordinance. who led the campaign by securing the sig Considerable space has been devoted in the natures of many of Boston's leading citizens local press to President Jacob's reply to the to the petition to eliminate the books from attack of Silas Harris on the questionnaire the school system; Mr. Moorfield Story, which was sent by the Association to deter President of the National Association; Mr. mine the attitude of the next Congress on Francis J. Garrison, the last surviving son the race question. of William Lloyd Garrison, and Dr. Horace The Branch announces that during the Bumstead. Mr. Butler R. Wilson, Secre winter it will conduct an oratorical and tary of the Boston Branch, who presented musical contest open to the high schools and the case, summed up the matter as follows: colleges in Kansas City and vicinity. Two "The objectionable words used in these cups will be offered as prizes, one going to songs are all such terms as are always used the school which presents the best oration, in the sense of epithets and our children and the other to the school which has the have returned from school heart-broken over best glee club. the facts that these songs are sung in school Topeka: The National Association is to and that the white children had jeered at be congratulated upon having as the Presi them as a result." dent of one of its branches the Governor- Mr. Wilson was earnestly supported by elect of a great western state, the Hon. the Rev. Monlrose William Thornton, the Arthur Capper, who has been President of Rev. Benjamin W. Swain, the Rev. Samuel the Topeka Branch since its organization. W. Brown, and the Rev. Powhattan Bag- Mr. Capper is the owner of the Capper nall. Mr. Alonzo Meserve, Master of Bow- Building. He came to Topeka in 1884 and THE N. A. A. C. P. 137 secured work as a typesetter on the Daily Judge Storey, writing to the Association's Capital. He became successively reporter, attorney under date of November 19, 191.1, city editor, Washington correspondent, own says: er and publisher of this paper, and in addi "The plaintiffs in this case do not allege tion now also publishes several other papers that either of thorn has any cause of action, and magazines known as the Capper publi they do not state that they have been denied cations. He is director in several banks and proper accommodations on request, nor do trust companies, is President of the Kansas they allege that they or either of them pro State Historical Society and of the Board pose to travel. Reduced to its lowest terms of Regents of the Kansas Agricultural Col their case is this,—that the state of Okla lege, and prominent in several clubs. homa has passed a statute which permits fg the railroad companies to provide dining and sleeping car accommodations for only LEGAL BUREAU one race, excepting accommodations of this An illustration of a difficulty the sort from the general rule that the accom Association sometimes meets in its legal modations for all passengers should be work is the Jim-Crow case from Okla equally good, that the railroad companies homa, McCabe et al vs. Atchison, Topeka will, under the provisions of this law, refuse and Santa Fe Railroad Company, recently to provide equal sleeping and dining car argued before the Supreme Court of the accommodations and they ask that they be United States by Mr. William Harrison. enjoined from obeying the law. In the ab The Association has been interested in sence of any allegation that they or either this case since it first came up several years of the plaintiffs have suffered any injury, 1 ago but as letters and telegrams addressed to do not see how- either of them alone could plaintiffs' counsel generally received no re maintain a suit at law, or all of them to ply it was impossible for a long time to gether a suit in equity. ascertain anything definite. Finally the As "If the question could be fairly presented, sociation got in communication with Mr. I think the Court might be persuaded to hold Harrison and after a personal interview de that the railroad company was bound to cided to comply with his request for co furnish equal accommodations in sleeping and operation by advancing $180 to pay the cost dining cars to whites and Negroes alike, but of printing the record of the case. We quote it seems to me that the way to raise the from Mr. Harrison's letter to Mr. Storey question is, for some colored man to ask for dated August 23, 1913: such accommodations and be refused, and "Acting in the name of and for the Asso then bring suit for damages. I am unwilling ciation, Miss Nerney said that as a condi to go to the Supreme Court with a case tion precedent to furnishing costs in said which I think cannot be maintained, for I case it must be understood and expressly believe that would probably weaken my in agreed that counsel for the Association must fluence with the Court in other cases, and it be invited to assist in the case and must co is very certain that cases of great impor operate and fully understand all procedure tance to the colored race will arise in which, hereafter. To all of which I hereby and now perhaps, I may be able to help." expressly agree and take pleasure in extend Another typical case is that of the bom ing this invitation and request to Your bardment of the house of a colored man in Honor to assist me in all things hereafter one of our large eastern cities. He had pertaining to said case." purchased a home in a white neighborhood After examining the record of the case, into which he moved with his wife and however, the attorneys for the Association mother. In his absence a mob of boys decided that it was not drawn so as to bring stoned the house breaking windows and do the question at issue squarely before the ing other serious damage. It was some time Court and that, therefore, the Association before the police reached the scene and in could not further co-operate. The wisdom the meantime the two women were in great of this decision is indicated by the statement danger. Th local press devoted columns to of Chief Justice Hughes to the effect that if condemnation of the outrage. The Associa the case has come before the court in a dif tion sent a representative to the spot at once ferent form it would have had a chance of and arranged to engage the best legal coun being decided on its merits. sel in the country. The man and his family 138 THE CRISIS were interviewed and then it developed that suggested that the Association reimburse he had been advised by a city official by him for his investment in the house and move whom he was employed as a chauffeur to a colored family into it. drop the ease. Assurance was given him In encouraging contrast to this is the case that the city would reimburse him for all of a courageous colored woman in the same damages to his property. The Association city who had had a similar experience when could readily understand that no man would she moved into a white neighborhood re willingly risk his position in these hard times cently but who stayed on the ground. The and also sympathized with him in his deci guard placed about her home has been with sion to move his family as far as possible drawn and no further difficulty has been from the scene of the riot; but the disheart anticipated. This case was conducted by ening part of the incident was his unwilling the local Branch of the N. A. A. C. P. ness to sell his house to a colored family, which would have probably meant a loss to The following have recently been elected him on his original investment, or to even members of the Board of Directors: Dr. F. rent it to a colored family, alternatives N. Cardozo, Baltimore; Mr. Butler R. Wil urged by the Association in order that a test son. Boston; Prof. George William Cook, case might be made. On the other hand, he Washington. In the Matter of Two Men By JAMES D. CORROTHERS One does such work as one will not. The white man rides in a palace car, And well each knows the right; And the Negro rides ''Jim Crow." Though the white storm howls, or the sun is To damn the other with bolt and bar, hot, One creepeth so low; so low! The black must serve the white. And it's, oh. for a master's nose in the mire, And it's, oh, for the white man's softening While the humbled hearts o'erflow! flesh, Well, I know whose soul grows big at this, While the black man's muscles grow! And whose grows small; I know! Well, I know which grows the mightier, I know; full well I know. The white man leases out his land, The white man seeks the soft, fat place, And the Negro tills the same. And he moves and he works by rule. One works; one loafs and takes command; Ingenious grows the humbler race But I know who wins the game! In Oppression's prodding school. And it's, oh, for the white man's shrinking And it's, oh, for a white man gone to seed, soil, While the Negro struggles so! As the black's rich acres grow! And I know which race develops most, Well, I know how the signs point out at last, I know; yes, well I know. I know; ah, well I know. The white man votes for his color's sake, While the black, for his is barred; (Though ''ignorance' is the charge they make). But the black man studies hard. And it's, oh, for the white man's sad neglect, For the power of his light let go! So, I know which man must win at last, I know ! Ah, Friend, I know ! THE STORY OF THE AMISTAD By SUSAN E. W. JOCELYN MORE than seventy years ago, a slave- ship that flew the flag of Portugal, brought from Mendi, near Sierra Leone, on the west coast of Africa, a party of fifty men, and two or three children, who had all been kidnapped for sale as slaves in the United States. In consequence of cruel treatment during the voyage to Havana, a number of them died. At this place they were placed on an other ship, the Amistad, along with their owners, and were started for southern plan tations. On shipboard they received such inhuman treatment that their ire was aroused, and finally broke forth in an uprising under Cinque, the forceful leader of the band. They overpowered the captain, and the crew escaped in boats. Then they assumed con trol of the vessel and ordered the Spaniards, Montez and Ruiz, who had purchased them from the kidnappers, to steer them back to Africa. In the day time, the sun assured them that they were sailing eastward, but at night, the cunning Spaniards turned the helm in an opposite direction, resulting in a northwestern course, that finally brought them to Long Island near Montauk Point, when after much maneuvering, and many misunderstandings with the residents, they were taken across the sound under the ar rest of a United States survey brig, to the port of New London. From there they were taken to New Haven, and locked up in jail, biding the time when a decision by the government should send them back to Africa, or deliver them to the Spanish government that claimed them. In 1839, a time when the boasted "Land of the free was also the land of the slave," there was only one opinion on slav ery that could be expressed with safety to life. However, these Africans were not without friends who were determined that these kidnapped men should be allowed to go free. To this end, Mr. Joshua Leavett and Mr. Lewis Tappen, of New York, and the brothers Nathaniel and Simeon S. Jocelyn, of New Haven, were appointed a committee to procure funds for the protec tion of these friendless ones. The best legal CINQUE Engraved by Sartain after the original painting advice was secured by these philanthropic from life by N. Jocelyn; now in possession of the men, so that the case should be well pre- Historical Society of New Haven. 140 THE CRISIS seuted. and there was a sharp fight for their several days, that the captives might be hur freedom, conducted most efficiently by Mr. ried away as soon as a decision favorable to Seth Staples and Mr. Thomas Sedgwick, of the Spaniards was made, so that there would New York, and Mr. Roger S. Baldwin, of be no time for an appeal on the captives' New Haven, afterwards governor of Con part, but there was another vessel not a necticut, and father of the present governor great way off in those same waters, prepared of Connecticut. by the philanthropists, to frustrate this plan, At first it was difficult to get the facts of and give time for more argument. The cap the kidnapping, as the Negroes' language tives were free-born, and merely kidnapped was an unknown tongue. Finally, Professor into slavery. Josiah Gibbs, of Yale, interested himself to The court commenced February 20, 1848, the extent of catching a few of their words, and after many delays, on March 25th, a and then watching along the wharves in New despatch was sent to Mr. Baldwin in New York, till he found an African sailor who Haven. "The captives are free. Yours in seemed familiar with the strange language. great haste and great joy, J. Q. Adams." This achievement was of great assistance to The friends of these men immediately set the able lawyers who conducted the ease in about raising funds for their return to their court. So also was the portrait of the native land. In the meantime they were leader Cinque, painted by one of the cham taught to read and write, and the principles pions of their cause. Nathaniel Jocelyn, of of Christianity were instilled into their New Haven. The painting is preserved in minds by those who had helped them in the Historical building in that city, and at their trouble. tracts much attention there. It represents a Finally a vessel was found in New York man of magnificent physique, who was also harbor bound for Sierra Leone, and passage described as the personification of agility was secured for them. Rev. James W. C. and grace, with a face of marked character. Pennington, pastor of a colored Congrega The trial of the ease which was held in tional church in Hartford, Conn., made an New Haven was decided in favor of the Ne effort at this time to send the gospel to groes, or the "Amistads" as they were then Africa, and this was said to be the origin of designated, but an appeal was immediately the Mendi Mission which was in 1846 com taken from District Court to the Circuit bined with other societies, and became the Court, with the same result, and afterwards American Misisonary Association. it was carried still higher to the Supreme Of the five teachers who went out, two Court at Washington. Excitement became were "colored: Mr. and Mrs. Wilson, mem intense. President Van Buren leaned to the bers of Mr. Pennington's church in Hart Spanish, the southern side. Mr. Baldwin ford. Mr. Wilson was once a slave, and renewed his efforts, and ex-President John Mrs. Wilson a Connecticut woman. Quincy Adams, to whose name every colored In their native land some of these men, person should give honor, entered into the it is said, fell back for a while into their case with keenest interest. His diary at that savage ways, but eventually the influence of time testified how near to his heart this the religious teaching in this country assert struggle for freedom lay. ed itself, and they interested themselves in Just outside the New Haven harbor a the spread of Christianity among then- schooner called the Grampus lay in waiting people. M Senator Tillman to the Editor of the Maryland Suffrage News My dear madam: I am sending you under separate cover Your note of July 26th received along copies of my speech on woman suffrage in with the clipping you sent. The same cru the Senate, and Dr. Bledece's article on sade that is now going on to force woman "The Mission of Woman." both of which are suffrage on the South has its origin among commended to your careful reading. the same type of sentimentalists who There are two sides to this question as brought about the Civil War and hounded everyone familiar with the South must know. the southern people because of slavery. We have in South Carolina, a preponder- SENATOR TILLMAN 141 ance of Negro population,—100,000 more Now, enough on that phase of the sub Negroes than white people. A moment's ject. I turn my attention to the clipping thought will show you that if women were you enclosed about the per cent, of girls be given the ballot, the Negro women would tween 10 and 15 as breadwinners in Alabama vote as well as white women. Experience and South Carolina, as well as the "age of has taught us that Negro women are much consent" being 14 in the above states. more aggressive in asserting the "rights of If you know anything about the Negroes, that race" than the Negro men are. In other you know that very few of the women of words, they have always urged the Negro that race have any idea of virtue at all, and men on in the conflicts we have had in the that must be the reason why the "age of past between the two races for supremacy. consent" is so low. It is well understood We found it hard enough to maintain good that when the puberty arouses the passions government under such conditions without in the sexes— and those passions are most adding to our perplexities by giving the bal virulent—Negro girls would take advantage lot to women. You do not realize or under inevitably of white men and boys who had stand,—you cannot in Maryland,—because sexual intercourse with them. If there was that state has always had a white majority, a severe punishment, it would involve very and a large one at that,—what it is to have serious consequences. Mind you, now, when a Negro legislature, or a majority of Ne I was in the South Carolina Constitutional groes in the legislature to make laws and to Convention in 1895, I did my very best and levy taxes, as we of the South have had. urged with all the eloquence I had at com With a "free vote and fair count," which we mand, that the "age of consent" be increased have never been willing to give the Negroes, to 16. But my arguments were unavailing and the age was fixed at 14 for the reason and never will, in my judgment, South Car given above. olina and Mississippi would inevitably be dominated by Negroes; and the States of To judge of South Carolina on a basis of Georgia, Florida, Alabama and Louisiana per cent, you must remember that where there would have a large Negro vote in their law are so many Negroes, there is obliged to making and tax levying bodies. Consider be lots of ignorance. It is very misleading the results. The debasement of the ballot and unjust to urge against the South the dis has always produced corruption, and bad parity which statistics show to exist in the government follows inevitably. educational work. Then, too, all the accum I am also sending you under separate cover ulated wealth which enables rich Northern a photograph taken many years ago of the communities to levy heavy taxes to run their first Reconstruction Legislature of South schools many more months in the year than Carolina in 1868. This will give you a we do, is much of it owing to the poverty of hint, and only a hint, of what our people the South and their inability to bear heavier suffered until civilization seemed to be per taxation. The southern states were not only ishing from the face of the earth; but with devastated by the war, but they lost all the determination to throw off the yoke of their property; most of the finest houses were burned and in every way poverty seized on carpet-baggers, scalawags and Negroes, re our land. To follow this up and increase the gardless of law and the army, South Caro difficulties we have had to labor under, re lina was redeemed in 1876 by its own true construction came and the ballot was given sons by the aid of the shot gun and pistol, to the Negroes. Ignorant, semi-barbarous as well as by the superior intelligence of the savages, many of them only one generation white managers, who cheated the Negroes removed and none of them more than three mercilessly, because it was necessary. generations removed, from the barbarians . As you seem to want to study this sub in Africa, were given the ballot. ject some, I will send you along with the rest of the literature I am enclosing^ two or My dear madam, think of all these things three speeches on the race question, in which and then write me what conclusions you I boldly told the Republicans to their teeth reach about my present attitude in regard on the floor of the Senate, that we "shot the to woman suffrage. Negroes," "cheated them" and "stuffed the Very sincerely yours, ballot boxes." (Signed) B. R. TILLMAN. SEGREGATION iEADERS of THE CRISIS wants to get rid of him altogether. For know that within the past instance, by segregating Negroes in the three years there have been Printing and Engraving Department the repeated efforts to legalize government may decide that a certain num the segregation of Negroes ber shall always work in that department, in the cities of the United and thus assure the Negro of definite em States. These efforts have ployment. And in the passing of a seg taken the form of ordinances prescribing regation ordinance by a city, the white the limits in which the Negroes shall live, people may determine to do better by the and forbidding residence outside the pre colored section than they have done by the scribed limits. A second segregation has legally unrecognized present colored quar taken place since the incoming of the ters. And lastly, segregation decreases Democratic administration; a segregation race friction and thus is right and best. in government departments, not sporadic, The white man does not want to associate at the whim of an individual foreman, but with any Negro but the servant, and if the by order of the departmental head. Negro be self-respecting he will keep out of The National Association and The Crisis the white man's way. As the Baltimore Sun have fought this segregation, but while it has puts it: "Most white men have too much been reduced much of it still exists. self-respect to thrust themselves into company There is, of course, nothing new in seg where they are not wanted. It would be well if regation. Negroes have been and are dis the Negro could cultivate the same spirit. criminated against throughout the country, It would do far more to elevate him than and they are often segregated as they rent the moving into white blocks.'' their dwellings and practice their trades. That segregation brings a momentary re But it is one thing for an individual or a lief from race friction and secures a definite group of individuals to dictate a Negro place for the colored man is sometimes the policy, and it is a different and more case. It did so when the Negro left the serious thing when this policy becomes a white church and started his own, when he law. In the first case, the oppressed race taught in his own school and doctored the has a fighting chance; but when the dis patients of his own race. But the segre crimination is legalized, to combat it be gation with which we are concerned deals comes a crime. with large bodies of colored men, employees The policy of segregation is vigorously in one trade or industry, and with hundreds defended, not only by the Negrophobist, of families seeking places in which to live. but by many kindly and intelligent people How does it work out with these groups? who believe that they have the colored To turn to Washington. Segregation in man's welfare at heart. The arguments the government departments establishes a that the latter put forth are of importance precedent for treating white workers and and should be understood and met. colored workers as two sets of employees Legalized segregation, these people say, At present all come under the same civil- is necessary for the preservation of the service rules and are admitted on the same white race. "It is a racial instinct that examinations. But the placing of Negroes causes the Negro to he repulsive to the in separate rooms, the assigning them to white man when associating with him on jobs by themselves, may easily break down the same social plane." (Query: Is the their impersonal status as civil servants. instinct racial that causes the Negro to be They may be placed in such positions as repulsive to the white man when he wears the white men in power choose for them, the uniform of a mail clerk, but disap and may be paid such a wage as the same pears when the same man dons the apron powerful white men deem suitable for a of a waiter?) Secondly, segregation gives Negro. This has happened so often in the the Negro a definite position in the city South as to be entirely familiar to every and government, instead of leaving him southern colored laborer. The Southern entirely to the mercy of the white man who Kailwav, for instance, has two scales of SEGREGATION 143 wages—one for its white and one for its the various races have their own attractive colored workers; the latter, when doing the quarters. But these cities are under im same work, receive only two-thirds of the perial rule. Wo must remember that amount received by the white employes, America is a democracy, and is therefore Colored waiters are a segregated group and particularly unsuccessful with benevolent receive a smaller wage than white. feudalism. A benevolent despot might take Antagonism arises when you place your control of Richmond or Atlanta and divide laborers in segregated groups. The fric the city into pleasant sections, taxing heav tion may be lessened between individual ily and impartially for the upkeep of the employes, but it becomes more bitter be whole. Such a despot would make equally tween the groups. The employer of col attractive the white and the colored quar ored and white labor in the South knows ters. But in a democracy, of white voters this, and when he wants to break a strike, only, the city would not be ruled with im to prevent concerted action on the part of partiality. Colored people would be forced his workingmen, he raises the cry of race to remain in such localities as the white solidarity and forces the white laborer back people did not like. And if by chance the to his pitiable wage by an appeal to his colored should succeed in beautifying their still more pitiable race hatred. This is quarter, they would have no assurance that perhaps an unimportant argument regard their white neighbors might not any day ing our wretchedly paid government work steal it from them. Why not, indeed? The ers, but it is of vast importance in con white have the power to say where the col nection with the efforts of southern whites ored shall live; it is they who segregate, to better their condition. The Negro is used and it is they who can give and take away. against them as a strike breaker, and con One can imagine this policy creeping from fusion is secured among a class that needs the city into the country, and one can see to be united to secure any adequate return the ordinances changing as the white citi for its toil. The official recognition of race zens change their minds regarding the most lines at Washington will strengthen those desirable land. If anyone doubts the prob employers who reduce wages by pitting ability of this thing's happening, let him race against race. read the story of the white man's treatment of the North American Indian. The advocates of segregation believe that though the Negro be separated from the And yet the Negro should submit to dis white workman, and though he receive a crimination because the white man wants smaller wage, he will be more likely to keep him to, and, as the Baltimore Sun says, his job than if he be daily in the presence because it is rude to push yourself where of the white man. But facts do not seem you are not wanted. Here we have the to justify this hope. The Southern Rail second argument of those who favor way, of which we have spoken, expresses a segregation. liking for colored employees, and would This argument, we may at once note, is allow them to work wherever they were fitted. for "colored consumption only." That is, But the labor unions of the South, which the Baltimore Sun, or any other paper, have now adopted a policy of complete would not presume to write in this fashion segregation, say otherwise; and a long and regarding a white nationality. First, be bitter strike was called to prevent the cause it does not want to offend the whites, Negroes from acting as firemen. And so it and, secondly, because it knows that it is goes on all along the labor line. As the just because the white man has pushed him two races are segregated, by their unions or self where he was not wanted that he has by their employers, friction increases and attained to success. We have a democratic the Negro usually goes to the wall. form of government because the working- The legalizing of segregation in the cities, men of the early part of the nineteenth it is claimed, will provide attractive spots century forced themselves upon the unwill where Negroes may dwell. But what pre ing legislatures and demanded representa cedent have we for thinking that this will tion in the council chamber. The story of be the case? Perhaps those who honestly the growth of our cities is the story of one uphold segregation ordinances as conducive despised group after another pushing its to the Negro's welfare are familiar with way where it was not wanted and maintain the Oriental cities under British rule where ing its foothold. American progress, the 144 THE CRISIS good and the bad of it, has been achieved And as I see practically no intermarriage by ambitious, aggressive, pushing men. in those States where it is permitted, I am And this is not only the history of not concerned with the parlor. The South America; it is the history of England when ern girls whom I know are quite capable of America was but the dream of a Genoese. taking care of that situation without segre Probably when the first baker took off his gation ordinances. apron and set himself up as a gentleman he But what about the alley? For the sake was informed that he was not wanted, and of our Christianity let us put aside our that he would be far more gentlemanly if hypocrisy and recognize that it is not the he went back to his oven. But the Bakers white woman who needs to be protected and the Cooks, the Tailors and the Drapers, but the colored. The country to-day has the Shepards and the multitudinous smiths learned that women are sold by thousands refused to cultivate the spirit recommended into the most horrible form of slavery. by the Baltimore iSwn. They took up other Prostitution, the white-slave traffic, these are professions, they moved into new neighbor facts that we have learned to face. Let us hoods, and their descendants figure in the learn also that the colored women, all of telephone books in pretty much every re (hem, are subjected to insult. The white munerative occupation but that to which man, if he desires to do wrong, knows that their names assign them. the world will take his word against the No, when we tell people that they should word of the colored woman. He may do not push themselves forward, but should his worst without danger to himself. So he stay contentedly where the ruling class puts brings amalgamation into the alley and them, it means that we want to use these walks awiay leaving it bear the burden alone. people for our selfish ends. The labor The outcry for segregation continually world, that world that pulsates now on tends to make the segregated race appear every continent with a common spirit, as all of one kind, as all of one class. knows this, and strives hourly to wrest Washington has its thousands of attractive privilege from the wealthy few. The world colored girls, young women who have been of women is awakening to a realization of carefully reared and who are modest and the same truth, and is refusing to take the refined. And yet these young people are place so long assigned to it by the master frequently exposed to petty insult and per class. And every advance made by this secution. The white men refuse to believe world of women has been made against the in their virtue and they are molested in policy of self-effacement preached by the many little nasty ways. They learn to Baltimore Suyi. Sex segregation has been despise the ranting Negrophobist, who is nearly as bad as race segregation. Educa always first to approach them, with a bit tion, professional and business work, free terness that only a virtuous woman who dom of thought, these belonged to the has suffered insult can understand. sphere in which men revolved; and it was I would propose another policy for the only as women used pushing and aggressive administration and the good friends of the methods that they forced an entrance. Negro in Washington. Drop segregation But, says the believer in segregation, and preserve the purity of both races by patiently or impatiently, according to his respecting colored womanhood. Encourage temperament: "Don't you understand that the young women of color who are going the arguments that apply to the white race quietly on their way and are annoyed by do not apply to the black? It may be true white men to bring their cases into court. that, white men have been aggressive and I know a colored woman in New York who. pushing, but we cannot permit this in the when she was spoken to by a white man, colored man. If we do he will push his had him arrested by a policeman and ap way into our parlor and marry our daugh peared against him. He gave as his excuse ter. Amalgamation is unthinkable and we that he came from Virginia, but it proved must be adamant in preventing it." of no avail with the judge, who fined him $10 Here is our last and omnipresent argu and made him apologize. Impress the white ment. To which I for one make answer; men of Washington that they will receive that 1 do not, at least just now, desire to treatment similar to this. Try this policy see amalgamation. But I oppose it, whether for a time and see if it does not reduce it takes place in the parlor or in the alley. friction between the two races, always re- THE BURDEN 145 membering that friction is felt by both question together; and it will be hard if parties. they cannot produce something more con Imagine such a policy in a man-governed ducive to justice and good feeling than capital! But there are women in Washing segregation ordinances and the platitudinous ton, white and colored, and the time may orations on the superiority of the white come when they will grapple with the race Americans. THE BURDEN COLORED MEN AND WOMEN to me and advised me not to speak any more LYNCHED WITHOUT TRIAL as the whites didn't like my speech. 'What did I say to offend them?' I asked. The fol 1885 7S 1900 107 lowing is a full list: 1886 71 1901 107 1. I read a quotation from Mrs. L. H. 1887 80 1902 86 Hammond's book in which a white woman is 1888 95 1903 86 described as having entertained her beau in 1889 95 1904 83 the kitchen. 1890 90 1905 61 1891 121 1906 64 2. I had mentioned a colored man who 1892 155 1907 60 owned an automobile. 1893 154 1908 93 3. Said I had attended a northern univer 1894 134 1909 73 sity and traveled in Europe. 1895 112 1910 65 4. Said some white people came to the 1896 80 1911 63 United States as indentured servants. 1897 122 1912 63 5. Said Anglo-Saxon is not the greatest 1898 102 1913 79 race in the world in point of numbers. 1899 84 1914, 11 months 52 6. Said I wanted to send my daughter to Paris. Total .2,715 It was claimed that No. 1 reflected upon white women! Numbers 2, 3 and 6 showed MISSISSIPPIGRAMS I believed in social equality and number 4 and 5 reflected on the white people in gen A T G . "My son graduated from a eral. For saying these things in the course law school in the North and came home of a speech an hour long, I was advised to to practice. Old Judge , a good friend be quiet and get out of town as soon as pos of ours for many years, advised that he leave sible. here as these people would not tolerate a colored lawyer." At Greenioood, Miss. At G . "Since Vardaman's time the Vardaman's home. Reported Verbatim. good white people are afraid to say any Negro—"Is there any mail for ?" thing to protect colored people. And the Lady Clerk—(after looking over a num others who get into office seem to do all the ber of letters for me)—"Is your name —?" meanness they can to Negroes, especially to Negro—"Yes." those who have property and education. Clerk—"What did you say?" They have ran several away from here. They Negro—"Yes, my name is ." let the lowest type of Negro do anything Clerk—"Where did you come from?" they want to us, and get off with it. It Negro—"I came from ." seems that they don't want to have decent Clerk—"I thought you did not belong and respectable negroes any more. around here, for folks around here's got At C . "I spoke at this place on 'The manners, and know how to speak to ladies. Progress and Education of the Negro.' My Why didn't you say 'Yes ma'am?'" (giving speech was an hour long and was applauded mail to me). by some of the whites present. Next day I Negro--"I beg your pardon madam, I received this anonymous note: 'You have meant no discourtesy. They only say 'Yes' done us great harm.' Several Negroes came where I came from." 146 THE CRISIS A Man's Voice—"If you aint got no man Negroes say: 'Don't write anything about ners you better learn some, and that quick." conditions down here for it will make them I went to my stopping place and told the worse, and whatever you say don't mention incident as a great joke. The man of the my name, for in this country a Negro is ab house grew grave, his wife looked pale, and solutely without protection.' " got up and walked out to hide her emotion. "I have carefully inquired at a dozen '•You may congratulate yourself that there newstands for THE CRISIS but did not find was only one white man who heard you. it, so I venture to write."—From a Traveler. Don't you go to that post office any more, but you get out of this town as soon as pos sible," said the man of the house, "for a mob "In America 'before the war,' I do not may come after you any moment." remember this contagion of luck phenome non. But this summer I have had evidence At Ackerman, Miss. of the imperviousness of our social atmos (Negro to ticket agent on other side of phere to manners thought reasonable in Eu office.)—"Please give me a ticket to Reform, rope. At one of the chief hotels of Con- Miss." trexeville, whose waters are in great repute, Agent—"Did you say Reform?" an American arriving just for dinner was Negro—(Having forgotten the experience ushered at once to an empty place at the of a few days before in Greenwood) — 'table d'hote.' He attacked his soup and "Yes." then gave his first glance to his neighbors. Agent—"Did you say 'Yes' to me?" At his right was seated a well-dressed, well- Negro—"Yes." mannered colored gentleman. Agent—"Don't you know I am a white "The American jumped to his feet, threw man? You say 'Yes sir' to me or you won't his napkin at his unwelcome neighbor's head, get any ticket here." and stalked haughtily from the room. He Negro—(calmly)—"I thought you sold had made a scene, which a gentleman never tickets for money. I didn't know there was does without necessity. The colored man, any special way of asking for them." to whose presence none of the half-dozen Agent—"Yon damn black nigger, you,— nationalities at table had dreamed of object you get out of here or I'll teach you how to ing, sat silent and hurt. He happened to be talk to a white man." an American citizen also. An aged Freneh- So 1 paid my fare on the train. mau, distinguished-looking and decorated, At Waterford, Miss. rose from his seat and complimented the colored gentleman for keeping his temper, At U. S. Post Office ke] t in a small store. and expressed the general indignation at Negro—(opening door)—"Please tell me what had happened. Meanwhile the white where I mail these letters?" American was heard outside wrangling with White Man—(It was a legal holiday but the proprietor, who informed him promptly the store was open. Several young men had that he was free to eat by himself at a sepa been drinking.)—"Take your head out of rate table in the restaurant!"—Evening that door, nigger." Post (New York City). Negro—"I merely want to mail these let ters." White Man—"If you do not get out of there I'll fill your guts full of lead." ^ Dr. Johann Kunst is trying to organize So I moved away without mailing my let an association to furnish to the German ters, and well I did, for a half hour later I press and people biographical sketches of met another Negro who had blood all over colored men of the less advanced races who his face and shirt, his mouth and head hav have distinguished themselves as scholars ing been cut, and he told me that those white or inventors. In his travels in German men at the store did it. I asked my host Southwest Africa Doctor Kunst found that what could he done. lie replied: "You had the only colonist disposed to regard the better say nothing' about it if you want to native as other than a beast of burden get away alive." created for the white man's benefit was an old man who had fought in the American "These are a few of the experiences of a Civil War "and had seen the penalty of trip through Mississippi. Everywhere the evildoing." THE CRISIS ADVERTISER 147 The Time to Take Life Insurance Out of every nine people who applj for life insurance one of them can never secure a policy. That means that one person in every nine cannot secure life insurance at any cost, under any form of policy from any company. This has been demonstrated just as truthfully as any fact in life insurance. Last year over 100,000 applications for life insurance were declined. Think of what a shock it must have been to some of these folks who for the first time realized that they must carry alone a risk too great for even the strongest life insurance companies. We, ourselves, declined 10% of the applications submitted to us last year for a total of nearly Two Hundred Thousand Dollars. Some rejected applicants may hide their alarm under the cloak of indifference or anger, but there is the secret knowledge that comes with stunning force: "I am so near to death that a life insurance company does not feel able to assume a risk on my life. I am the one life in nine ! I am impaired !" The whole trouble was, these people waited too late to apply! If they had applied sooner, they might have been accepted as would fully one-half of all the people who are declined. There is one time, at least, in every man's life when he can secure life insurance. There is also a time in every man's life when he cannot secure life insurance. Are you waiting for that time when you cannot? Maybe you are waiting to take out a policy when you are able. But have you thought when you get able your health may be gone ? You may be impaired ! You may be the one life in nine that is bad! Maybe once in your life you had a policy and let it lapse. Maybe once in your life you applied for a policy and didn't take it. Do you know whether you could get that policy today? Nothing stands still. Decay is inevitable. Today you may be impaired, whereas you were as sound as a new dollar last year. Don't you know men among your friends who have suddenly sickened and died? Strong robust men they were, who said that you couldn't kill them with an axe, but under neath there was a secret disease, unknown maybe to them, until it burst forth in its deadly climax. They went into had health before they were able to take their insurance. The time to take life insurance is now. The time to take life insurance is when you can get it. You can get it today. But tomorrow you may be impaired. And once you get it, bold on to it. You may never get it again. Let us protect you. no matter where you live. Fill in the coupon and write today while your are alive, sound and well, to STANDARD LIFE INSURANCE CO. 200 Auburn Avenue ATLANTA, GEORGIA Please send me particulars about Capital Fully-Paid - - $100,000.00 insurance. Over One Million in Insurance in force Amount $ Issues Policies from $250.00 to $5,000.00 Sex Occupation HEM AN E. PERRY, President Name HARRY H. PACE, Secretary Address (C. Jan., 1915.) Mention THE CRISIS 148 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER The 1915 Summer Session at WILBERFORCE UNIVERSITY will be better than any previous session Courses offered: Normal Vocational Business Manual Training Accommodations excellent. Expenses low. Climate healthful. Instruction the best. Write for particulars. Address: W. A. JOINER, Supt. Normal Department, Box 36 WILBERFORCE, OHIO A Life of NORRIS WRIGHT CUNEY By MAUD CUNEY HARE (His Daughter) Would you like to read about a red-blooded man who was one of the great leaders of Negro Americans? Would you like to inspire your children with the life of this "Tribune of the Black People"? 250 pages. Postpaid, $1.50. Best terms to agents. THE CRISIS 70 Fifth Avenue New York City Mention THE CRISIS THE CRISIS ADVERTISER 149 At Last A CALENDAR! The 1915 CRISIS CALENDAR: In print—clear and readable. In matter—interesting and informing. In appearance—beautiful and dignified 13 large leaves, 12 1-2 by 9 inches. 52 selections (one for each week in the year) from leading Negro authors. 300 historic dates relating to the Negro Race in America. 1 cover—worth the price of the calen dar—adorned with the picture of a "Little Brown Baby with Sparkling Eyes.'' All on fine paper in well-known CRISIS style and all for 25 Cents Order now for they will soon be gone. For Sale at THE CRISIS Office AND BY CRISIS AGENTS Mention THE CRISIS 150 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER |b I WILL START YOU IN THE MAIL-ORDER AGENCY BUSINESS My father and I .started on S-10 worth of merchandise. We placed a few ads in the papers. Got a few agents started. In 2 years our agents were selling over $100,000.00 worth of goods for us a year. We had just a few dollars capital; no experience. Soon our agents were selling goods all over the U. S. and in many foreign countries. We &at in our office and had people everywhere sending us orders and money by mail. We didn't have to do any canvassing or peddling. Agents sold our goods. We started at home; worked evenings at -Ilrst. Soon we quit our jobs and put all our time to the Mall-Order Agency Business. We made an amazing success selling by mail. Whv can't you do as well? I will help you. WE HAVE TAKEN IN OVER $1,000.00 A DAY!! Think of a business like that by mail. Listen! The sales from just one general agent made us over £10,000 a year profit. Suppose you started in your own home witli a few good selling articles, placed a few ads in the papers, and got agents setting your goods all over the country. Why couldn't you take in $100 a dnyf 1 will start you: will give ymi a;t;o Instruction Course FREE to study; supply you with circulars advertising 15 meritorious specialties, printed with your name and address on. I will tell you how and where to advertise; I will place an ad for you FREE. I will help you all I can. I need just a few hustling energetic co-operators, men with ambition, enthusiasm and back-bone. You don't need big capital; less than S-30 required. I supply you with com plete equipment. If you want to 6tart in a fascinating, profitable business, write me, giving the names of three references and I will write you a long letter, telling you all. 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The new efficiency era calls TEACHERS for the modern way of Your Next Suit •electing teachers, through a live agency that furnishes the connecting medium in a business way, saves time of school officials, relieves teachers of the embarrass ment of job hunting and covers the whole country. We have had calls for teachers from Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Maryland. Mis FREE sissippi, Missouri, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia Made to Your Measure and West Virginia. $30 to $40 would not buy a better one, but you Our list of teachers covers even a wider territory. get it for nothing. Not a cent to pay. Simply wear THE MUTUAL TEACHERS' AGENCY it, tell your friends wheio you got it, and make 1335 T Street, N. W. Washington, D. C. $10to$15aDay taking their orders. It if Only No. 24 Southern Buggy dead ensy. 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Others are making $20 to $500 Send for a week. Why can't you? By our method you can start with $5 and up. We offer you thirty live, "WHY MEN SUCCEED" money-making mail order plans. You can make 95 It's Free cents profit of every dollar order. We furnish cir culars, printed matter and place your advertising at T. MARSDEN OTTO, 57 East Vanburen St., CHICAGO lowest rates. Send 10 cents for complete outfit. Do it today—Nowl MAIL DEALERS WHOLESALE HOUSE 517 Dearborn Street Chicago, 111. $25.00 PER WEEK may be made in commissions by parties handling "History of Negro Soldiers in Spanish-American PROFITABLE SPARE TIME WORK War" combined with "History of the Negro Race." 400 pages, 50 illustrations. Price $1.25 net. Colored agents wanted to take orders for our high grade calling cards. Big demand everywhere. Ex Address: E. A. JOHNSON clusive territory. Write now for samples and terms. 154 Nassau Street NEW YORK THE HOUSE OF CHOWNING, Indianapolis. Ind REGALIA COLORED MEN A Race Enterprise WANTED TO PREPARE AS Manufacturing Badges, SLEEPING-CAR AND TRAIN Banners and Supplies PORTERS. for all Fraternal and No experience necessary. Positions pay $65 to $100 a month. Steady Church Societies. Cat work. Standard roads. Passes and alog upon request. uniforms furnished when necessary. Write now. CENTRAL REGALIA CO. Jos. L. Jones, Pres. I. RY. C. I., Dept. 28, Indianapolis, Ind. i E. N. CORNER 8th AND Plum Streets, Cincinnati, Ohi. Mention THE CRISIS 152 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER $3000 FOR YOU HAT'S the money you should get this year. I mean it. I want T County Sales Managers quick, men or women who believe in the square deal, who will go into partnership with me. No experience needed. My folding Bath Tub has taken the country by storm. Solves the bathing problem. No plumbing, no water works required. Full length bath in anv room. Folds in small roll, handy as an umbrella. I tell you it's great! GREAT! Rivals $100 bath room. Now listen! 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WEBB School of Practical Photography Made-to-Measure Express $A75 Prepaid Pants cut in the latest style. Made-to-your in dividual measure. Fit, workmanship and wear guaranteed. No Extra Charge for peg tops, no matter how extreme you order them. Agents Wanted A good live hustler in every town to take orders for our celebrated made-to-meas ure clothes. Samples of all the latest materials FREE. We Pay Big Money All branches of photography taught. to our agents every where. Turn your spare time into Terms reasonable. Service efficient. cash by taking orders for our stylish clothes. Write today Three courses: Amateur, intermediate, for beautiful FREE outfit. professional. REGISTER NOW. THE PROGRESS TAILORING CO. 3519 So. STATE STREET CHICAGO, III. Department 803 CHICAGO Telephone Douglass 6688 Mention TH E CRISIS THE CRISIS ADVERTISER 153 THE FACTS OF RECONSTRUCTION By MAJOR JOHN R. LYNCH What some of the readers of this wonderful book say about it "I am prepared to say with all candor that our National history that I shall recommend its your book contains the clearest, most unbiased, adoption here as a book to be especially reported comprehensive and satisfactory narrative of the on by our classes in American history."—Prof. Reconstruction period and its happenings that I T, G. Steward, Professor of History, Wilber- have ever read."—Bishop George W. Clinton, force University. Charlotte, N. C. "The value of this book lies in its careful "It certainly embodies a plain and unbiased statements and verified facts; an unusual phe statement of the facts of Reconstruction."— nomenon when dealing with subjects pertaining Bishop C. S. Smith, Detroit. to the Reconstruction. I read it and immediately re-read it, which is the highest compliment I can "To the charm of a singularly lucid and vigor pay any book."—Dr. Charles E. Bently, Chicago. ous style you have unconsciously added the lit erary beauty that comes from an intimate per "I have read with great pleasure your well sonal acquaintance with the facts narrated, timed and valuable presentation of The Facts of viewed with unprejudiced eye and with the Reconstruction. * * * In judicial temper and wide sweeping vision that notes their correla accurate statement, you have justified the high tion to the evolution of our National life."— esteem with which you were regarded during the Rev. John Albert Williams, Omaha. eventful period by both parties."—Prof. Richard T. Greener, Chicago. "The author sweepingly refutes the claim that "In The Facts of Reconstruction by Major the party in power at that time blundered by John R. Lynch, we find that rare combination of making the Negro a fellow citizen of the Re memories verified by facts and impressions, sup public with the same measure of rights, priv ported by both logic and history. An up-to-date ileges and prerogatives enjoyed by all others."— book written by a scholar and a patriot."—Dr. Rev. J. C. Anderson, D. D., Chicago. George C. Hall, Chicago. "I regard your book on Reconstruction as the "Your book gives me information I have been best I have seen upon that subject. I consider searching for over twenty-five years."—Dr. A. it so important a contribution to that period of Wilberforce Williams, Chicago. This book ought to be in every home. It is suitable for a Christmas, New Year, birthday or wedding present. Price $1.50. By mail $1.65 Address: Major John R. Lynch, 4321 Forestville Ave., Chicago, 111, ATLANTA UNIVERSITY THE BOOK OF THE CENTURY Studies of the A PULLMAN PORTER S MEMOIRS Negro Problems By 17 Monographs Sold Separately JACK THORNE Address A collection of original Short Stories of ATLANTA UNIVERSITY CONFERENCE Travel, written in an entertaining and attract ive style, covering a period of ten years in the ATLANTA UNIVERSITY ATLANTA. GA. Pullman Service. Cloth Bound $1.00 The Curse of Race Prejudice Good Commission to Agents By James F. Morton, Jr., A. M. Address: ARTHUR A. SCHOMBURG, 63 West 140th St., New York City, or JOHN E. An aggressive exposure by an Anglo-Saxon cham BRUCE (Grit), 146 Warburton Ave., Yonkers, pion of equal rights. Startling facts and crushing arguments. Fascinating reading. A necessity for N. Y. clear understanding and up-to-date propaganda. Be longs in the library of every friend of social justice. Price 2S cents. Send orders to The Poems of Phillis Wheatley JAMES F. MORTON, JR. the early Negro poetess collected by 211 West 138th Street -:- New York, N. Y. RICHARD R. WRIGHT, JR., and CHARLOTTE CROGMAN WRIGHT Price, One Dollar WANTED Agents (or THE CRISIS. Dignified work. THE CRISIS 70 Fifth Avenue, New York. 70 Fifth Avenue :: :: New York Mention THE Cmsn 154 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER LEGAL DIRECTORY PERSONAL CARDS Telephone 5277 Morningside I Central 104-W Telephones: DR. GERTRUDE E. CURTIS [Main 61 SURGEON DENTIST HARRY E. DAVIS 188 W. 135th Street New York City ATTORNEY-AT-LAW NOTARY PUBLIC 1607 Williamson Building Cleveland, Ohio WILLIAM L. BELL ARCHITECT 13854 Auburn Avenue Atlanta, Ga.. Office L. D. Telephone 3297 Market Kesidence L. D. Telephone 5277-M Market E. ALDAMA JACKSON GEORGE A. DOUGLAS Graduate Institute of Musical Art, Organist and Director COUNSELOR-AT-LAW of Music St. Mark's M. E. Church Rooms 613-614, Metropolitan Building Teacher of Theory and Piano 113 Market St., Cor. Washington, Newark, N. J. Theory course embraces elementary and advanced Harmony or Counterpoint. Private or Class Work General Practice Notary Public Studio: 30 W. 132d STREET, NEW YORK CITY WILLIAM R. MORRIS ATTORNEY AND COUNSELOR-AT-LAW J. E. ORMES 1020 Metropolitan Life Building Minneapolis Minn. ACCOUNTANT Audits Systems Business information by mail. Open for engagements July and August BROWN S. SMITH Box 25, Wilberforce University Wilberforce, O. ATTORNEY-AT-LAW Offices: Suite 802 Sykes Block Near Third and Hennepin AGENTS WANTED FOR Minneapolis Mil W. T. McKissick & Co's. FAMOUS 90 DAYS TREATMENTS GEORGE W. MITCHELL No. 1, No. 2 and No. 3 ATTORNEY-AT-LAW For Scalp, Hair and Skin 908 Walnut Street P. O. Box 102, WILMINGTON, DEL. Philadelphia Pa. Tel. 5437 Fort Hill Cable Address, Epben WANTED EDGAR P. BENJAMIN Agents for THE CRISIS. Dignified work. ATTORNEY AND COUNSELOR-AT-LAW 70 Fifth Avenue, New York. 34 School Street Boston, Mass. ADVANCE STYLES Wear Next Season's Telephone Connection Style W. Ashbie Hawkins George W. F. McMechen FREE NOW HAWKINS & McMECHEN ATTORN EYS-AT-LAW Suits 21 East Saratoga Street Baltimore, Md. To Introduce Here we g:o a^ain , break ing all records for new nobby, ahead-of -the-time TstyleO weas rB ae suiTHEt first thot INIS YOUah.-aRd tow ,.fn IJ„ . Phones: Office, Bell 4059; New 420-M time. You can do IT FREE. To Residence, New 733-A introduce these stylos quickly Treewe wil, anld giv bye youyour awearin completg iet yoBUIuT THOS. E. GREENE, JR. can make ATTORNEY AND COUNSELOR-AT-LAW $50 to $100 a Week NOTARY PUBLIC bookDro,p selec nsn tposta the stylel forouxadvancs you wunet Maloney Block Youngstown, Ohio and the cloth, and get Your Suit FREE righDon't awayt wait. .A Don' postat ldelav w 1. do.Writ Wee requessend everythint ID receivedg th. eW daey pa youy exr B. F. BOOTH PRESS on everything. Get busy, dimply BEND-US a postal with ATTORN EY-AT-LAW your name and address on ft. 57 N. Second Street Paragon Tailoring Co. Memphis Tenn. PePt. 151 CHICAGO Mention THE CRISIS A Selected List of Books These prices do not include postage. Postage extra. THE QUEST OF THE SILVER FLEECE. (W. E. B. DU Bois) $1.35 HOUSE BEHIND THE CEDARS. (Charles W. Chesnutt) 1.50 HAZEL. (Mary White Ovington) 1.00 THE AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF AN EX-COLORED MAN. (Anonymous) 1.20 LYRICS OF LOWLY LIFE. (Paul Laurence Dunbar) 1.25 THE MARROW OF TRADITION. (Charles W. Chesnutt) 1.50 THE SPORT OF THE GODS. (Paul Laurence Dunbar) 1.50 NORRIS WRIGHT CUNEY. (Maud Cuney Hare) 1.50 A NARRATIVE OF THE XEGRO. (Leila Amos Pendleton) 1.50 SOULS OF BLACK FOLK. (W. E. B. Du Bois) 1.25 RACE .ADJUSTMENT. (Kelly Miller) 2.00 HISTORY OF THE XEGRO. (B. G. Brawley) 1.25 HALF A MAN. (Mary White Ovington) 1.00 MIND OF PRIMITIVE MAN. (Franz Boas) 1.50 AFTERMATH OF SLAVERY. (William Sinclair) 1.50 JOHN BROWN. (W. E. E. Du Bois) 1.25 NEGRO IN AMI-KIT *V HISTORY. (J. W. Cromwell) 1.25 PRINCE HALL AND HIS FOLLOWERS. (George W. Crawford) 1.00 LIBERIA. (Frederick Starr) 1.00 FACTS OF RECONSTRUCTION. (John R. Lynch) 1.50 STORY OF THE XEGRO. 2 Volumes. (Booker T. Washington) 3.00 MASTERPIECES OF XEGRO ELOQUENCE. (Alice Moore Dunbar, Editor) 2.50 POEMS OF PAUL LAURENCE DUNBAR 2.00 THE AFRICAN ABROAD. 2 Volumes. (William H. Ferris) 5.00 AFRO-AMERICAN FOLKSONGS. (H. E. Krehbiel) 2.00 OUT OF THE HOUSE OF BONDAGE. (Kelly Miller) 1.50 THE'COI JRED INVENTOR. (Henry E. Baker) 15 A CHILD'S STORY OF DUNBAR. (Julia L. Henderson) 25 Address THE CRISIS 70 Fifth Avenue :: :: New York City Mention THE C»I»H Attention, Masons! A New Book of Interest to You Prince Hall and His Followers A carefully argued defense of the legitimacy of Negro Masonry in the United States, with notes and documents, by GEORGE W. CRAWFORD, 32° A graduate of Tuskegee, Talladega and Yale, formerly clerk of the Probate Court of New Haven and now a practicing lawyer there. Mr. Crawford is one of the best informed Masons in the country. COMMENTS From James F. Rikards, 33°, Most Puissant Sovereign Grand Commander, A. & A. Scottish RUe : " Trince Hall and His Followers.' written by a scholarly Afro-American, pre sents to the Masonic world a treatise on the legitimacy of Negro Masonry that should be in the hands of every Mason seeking for Truth. The information contained in the chapter devoted to Prince Hall is alone worth to the young Masi m the price of the book. Brother Crawford's easy and pleasing style creates in the reader a desire to complete the volume before putting the book out of his hands." From Henry A. Spencer, 33°, Grand Master and Grand Commander of Knights Templar of New York : "The look fills a long-felt want among intelligent Masons of our Race. To know that we are right, and to substantiate that fact by intelligent research and logical statements, is worth more to us than what the other fellow may say. This is what Brother Crawford's book does; and it should be in the hands of every Mason of our Race." From Jose H. Sherwood, 33°, Past Grand Master of Minnesota and Deputy Imperial Potentate of Shriners : "A very strong brief, setting forth plainly the legitimacy of Prince Hall Masonry, and, as well, a stern call to all Negroes to assume full pride in the happy possession of a Rite which can show such clear proofs of its contentions." From William H. Grimshaw, 33°, Past Grand Master of the District of Columbia and author of "A History of Colored Freemasonry" : "I have read with great pleasure 'Prince Hall and His Followers.' The book is well written, containing clear and convincing diction. The impartial accuracy with which the facts are marshalled makes the book a verv valuable asset to Masons." Price One Dollar. Postage Extra. ORDER NOW AGENTS WANTED THE CRISIS 70 Fifth Avenue :: :: New York Mention THE CRISIS