DOCSLIB.ORG

The Chinese Recorder and Missionary Journal

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Chinese Recorder and Missionary Journal Journal of Literature and Art Studies, May 2021, Vol. 11, No. 5, 360-367 doi: 10.17265/2159-5836/2021.05.013 D DAVID PUBLISHING A Study on Advertisements in The Chinese Recorder and Missionary Journal WANG Hai, WU Zong-yang Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou, China The Chinese Recorder and Missionary Journal is one of the most valued English literature in China’s history of Christianity and the key publications of missionaries from the second half of the 19th Century to the first half of the 20th Century. The advertisements in it have not been properly stressed by the academic world, most of which are even deleted in the bound volumes. This paper aims to give a preliminary study on the advertisements in Chinese Recorder and Missionary Journal, comparing and analyzing advertisers, slogans and text structures and appeal methods of advertisements of shipping, banking, schools and book introduction in Chinese Recorder and Missionary Journal, thus demonstrating its significance in China’s modern advertising industry and Sino-western commercial trade and cultural exchange. Keywords: Chinese Recorder and Missionary Journal, protestant missionaries in China, mission press, secularization, study on Advertisements in The Chinese Recorder and Missionary Journal In March 1867, The Chinese Recorder and Missionary Journal, under the original name Missionary Recorder, was founded by American missionary Rev. L. N. Wheeler in Fuzhou, China. Its ceased publication in December in the same year. In May 1868, Rev. S. L. Baldwin resumed its publication and changed its title into The Chinese Recorder and Missionary Journal. In May 1872, Due to the department of Rev. Justus Doolittlefrom Fuzhou, who was the editor of the journal at the time, the journal again suspended its publication (Wylie. 1874, pp. 1-2). In December 1941, owing to the breakout of the Pacific War, the editorial office and the publish house in Shanghai was occupied by the Japanese army. Therefore, The Chinese Recorder and Missionary Journal ceased publication permanently (Cha, 2012, pp. II-III). As the key publication of missionaries in China during the latter half of the 19th Century and the first half of the 20th Century, The Chinese Recorder and Missionary Journal lasted 75 years, keeping a detailed record of the history of modern China’s foreign exchanges and of church (Williams, 2013, pp. 816-823). Having “the largest value… in studying the history of China’s Protestantism” (Cha, 2012, pp. II-III), the existing editions of The Chinese Recorder and Missionary Journal are one of the most valuable documents in China’s church of history. Acknowledgment: This article is an achievement of and is funded by the project “Translation of and Research on Sinology Literature in English newspapers in China (19JDZD04)” by Guangdong University of Foreign Studies. WANG Hai, postgraduate, Doctoral Supervisor, School of Interpreting and Translation Studies, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies. WU Zong-yang, postgraduate student, School of Interpreting and Translation Studies, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies. A STUDY ON ADVERTISEMENTS IN THE CHINESE RECORDER AND MISSIONARY JOURNAL 361 Studying the whole 72 volumes of The Chinese Recorder and Missionary Journal require so much time and effort that researchers often gave up this project, “at most stopping after briefly studying a small topic” (Cha, 2012, pp. II-III). As for the advertisements in The Chinese Recorder and Missionary Journal, no research has been done on this topic; many scholars did not even know about the fact that The Chinese Recorder and Missionary Journal carried advertisements. The remained advertisements in The Chinese Recorder and Missionary Journal can provide support and evidence for researching in the history of modern China, newspaper and periodicals, and advertising. This article aims to classify existing advertisements on republished editions of The Chinese Recorder and Missionary Journal, comparing and analyzing companies, slogans and text structures and appeal methods of advertisements of shipping, banking, schools and book introduction on The Chinese Recorder and Missionary Journal, thus demonstrating its significance in China’s modern advertisement industry and Sino-western commercial trade and cultural exchange. The Editor’s Note mentioned: “Due to the large amount and high repetition rate, many advertisement pages in the original edition are not been published…. And will be compiled and published later” (Ge, 2003, p. 73). The author looks forward to the publishing of the original edition of The Chinese Recorder and Missionary Journal for further analysis and improvement of this article. Ⅰ. The Background and Existing Editions of The Chinese Recorder and Missionary Journal The modern newspaper in China stemmed from all kinds of newspaper in Chinese and foreign languages missionaries founded in China. “Our modern newspaper all come from foreigners” (Ge, 2003, p. 73), with religious and secular newspaper being the mainstream of newspapers in China. Since Western missionaries, represented by Mettheo Ricci, came to China to preach in Ming Dynasty, they realized that books and newspapers were “powerful tools in missionary work”, “while in China, Mettheo Ricci discovered that Chinese people respected reading, therefore, writing was preferred in preaching rather than dictating. Since Chinese people hated public gatherings, news spreading mainly relied on written words” (Lai, 1980, p. 14). In the beginning of the 19th Century, protestants in China, represented by Robert Morrison, learning from “the rites controversy” Catholicism encountered during preaching, adopted different strategies. Instead of Catholic missionaries’ strategy, where they preached from the upper class to common people by getting acquainted with officials and scholars, hence laying much stress on writing books, protestant missionaries chose the opposite strategy and focused on newspapers and periodicals (Cha, 2012, pp. II-III). Protestant missionaries commonly believed that “anyone who understood the laziness inpagans knew that measures to spread truth and wake people will promote missionary work… Adopting such methods to spread religion and practical truth is the most appropriate way to blend in those materialistic ones with pride and prejudice, unlike the view that they was irrelevant to church work” (Lai, 1980, p. 14). By the second half of the 19th Century, newspapers in Chinese and foreign languages run by missionaries in China, foreign businessmen and governments have coexisted with China’s emerging local newspaper, while Chine’s traditional local paper Peking Gazette had disappeared after several booms of newspaper by Chinese people in the turn of 19th-20th Century. During the development from the beginning of 19th Century to the first half of 20th Century, the secularization of Christian newspaper in China has been the turning point for the thriving of newspapers in China. In August 1842, China signed the Treaty of Nanking with the United Kingdom, allowing foreign 362 A STUDY ON ADVERTISEMENTS IN THE CHINESE RECORDER AND MISSIONARY JOURNAL missionaries to evangelize, build churches and start newspaper in treaty ports. In the 1860s, the publication center of foreign newspaper had shifted from Macau, Hong Kong and Guangzhou to Shanghai, followed by the second boom of newspaper. In September 1868, Young John Allenfrom Methodist Episcopal Church, South started The News of Churches in Shanghai, whose name was changed into The Chinese Globe Magazine in issue 301 after 6 years of publication. The Chinese Globe Magazine is the key newspaper of Christian Literature Society for China, which had adopted the secularization strategy. Missionaries adopted the successful experience of The Chinese Globe Magazine, changing the content from evangelization to news, using local languages like dialects and recruiting Chinese local newspaper agents and editors. Christian newspapers in China were gradually accepted by Chinese people. The Chinese Recorder and Missionary Journal (1867-1941) and The China Review,orNotes and Queries on the Far East (1872-1901) were the key publication of missionaries in China after The Chinese Repository (1832-1851), recording in great detail the social reform in the modern China and missionaries’ activities and research in sinology. “The Chinese Repository was edited by Elijah Coleman Bridgman and Samuel Wells Williams, published monthly among 20 years. It had recorded the history of foreign exchange and church during that time. After it ceased publication, The Chinese Recorder and Missionary Journal was in charge of church affairs, while The China Review was in responsible of literature” (Williams, 2005, p. 816). Currently, there are four editions of The Chinese Recorder and Missionary Journal in circulation. Two editions are printed. The first one is the original edition collected by California University, published respectively by Rozario, marcal & Co. (1868-1872, Volume I-Volume IV) and Presbyterian Mission Press (1874-1941, Volume V-Volume LXXII). The second one is the reprinted edition published by National Taiwan University Press in 2012. The other two editions are digitalized ones, one is by Hathitrust as a subscription-based version, which, owing to copyright issues, can only be searched by key words after volume 26, while the other, also due to copyright issues, has only volume 1-45 through Internet Archive and the Berlin State Library. All 4 editions are bound volumes. No original edition published
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Benjamin Elman
    120 EASTM 22 (2004) Michael Lackner, Iwo Amelung, and Joachim Kurtz (eds.), New Terms for New Ideas: Western Knowledge and Lexical Change in Late Imperial China. Lei- den: E. J. Brill, 2001. xiii, 456 pp. Benjamin Elman [Benjamin Elman is Professor of East Asian Studies and History at Princeton University. He specializes in late imperial Chinese intellectual history and in the history of science and education. His forthcoming book is entitled On Their Own Terms: Science in China, 1550-1900 (Harvard University Press, 2005). Previ- ously he has published A Cultural History of Civil Examinations in Late Imperial China, 1600-1900 (University of California Press, 2000).] Traduttore, traditore: Science, Language, and Translation in Nineteenth-Century China Michel Foucault recounted in 1966 his laughter while reading a passage by Jorge Luis Borges that revealed to him “the exotic charm of another system of thought.” Borges quoted from “a certain Chinese encyclopedia” entitled Celestial Emporium of Benevolent Knowledge in which the Chinese had classified animals into a series of bizarre divisions whose order was impossible to fathom, such as “those that have broken a flower vase,” or “those that resemble flies from a dis- tance.” Borges attributed the title and content of the encyclopedia to Dr. Franz Kuhn (1889-1961), a prolific German translator of Chinese novels. Foucault drew the lesson that Chinese exoticisms revealed the limitations in our system of thought. He noted, for instance, that Western use of an alphabetical series sepa- rated all entries from their natural affinities, linking them instead arbitrarily. Borges’s fable about enumerations from China challenges our efforts to estab- lish an unproblematic lexical order among things.
    [Show full text]
  • International Security 24:1 66
    China’s Search for a John Wilson Lewis Modern Air Force and Xue Litai For more than forty- eight years, the People’s Republic of China (PRC) has sought to build a combat-ready air force.1 First in the Korean War (1950–53) and then again in 1979, Beijing’s leaders gave precedence to this quest, but it was the Gulf War in 1991 coupled with growing concern over Taiwan that most alerted them to the global revolution in air warfare and prompted an accelerated buildup. This study brieºy reviews the history of China’s recurrent efforts to create a modern air force and addresses two principal questions. Why did those efforts, which repeatedly enjoyed a high priority, fail? What have the Chinese learned from these failures and how do they deªne and justify their current air force programs? The answers to the ªrst question highlight changing defense con- cerns in China’s national planning. Those to the second provide a more nu- anced understanding of current security goals, interservice relations, and the evolution of national defense strategies. With respect to the ªrst question, newly available Chinese military writings and interviews with People’s Liberation Army (PLA) ofªcers on the history of the air force suggest that the reasons for the recurrent failure varied markedly from period to period. That variation itself has prevented the military and political leaderships from forming a consensus about the lessons of the past and the policies that could work. In seeking to answer the second question, the article examines emerging air force and national defense policies and doctrines and sets forth Beijing’s ra- tionale for the air force programs in light of new security challenges, particu- larly those in the Taiwan Strait and the South China Sea.
    [Show full text]
  • American Protestant Missions in Nineteenth-Century China
    Asian Intercultural Contacts American Protestant Missions in Nineteenth-Century China By George B. Pruden background: Religion and Trade European Catholics mounted the first systematic effort to convert Chinese to Christi- anity in the late sixteenth century. Their work was part of the Catholic Counter Refor- mation, but by 1750, the glory days were over. Jesuits such as Matteo Ricci (1552–1610) had not only won converts, but gained the respect of influential Chinese and even some emperors in the latter part of the Ming dynasty (1368–1644) and the early part of the Qing dynasty (1644– 1912). Their success stemmed in part from accommodating the tradition of venerating an- cestors (calling it a civil and not a religious prac- tice) and using Chinese terms to refer to God. A rival monastic order, though, had gained the Pope’s support in condemning those accommodations. This Rites Controversy came to a head during the early eighteenth century. After Pope Clement IX prohibited Chinese Christian converts from taking part in ancestor-veneration ceremonies in 1715, the Kangxi Emperor in 1721 banned all Christian preaching in China. Although Catholic missionaries remained in China, their numbers and influence dwindled. ithin a few decades of the decline of Catholic presence in China, western European merchants arrived in growing numbers, eager for trade. Silk and porcelain—at the time produced only in WChina—fed a growing appetite for chinoiserie among the European elite classes. Tea became a popular beverage, not only for the aristocracy, but also for their affluent, social-climbing imitators among the country gentry and urban merchant class.
    [Show full text]
  • A Case Study of the Chinese Repository
    Durham E-Theses Orientalism and Representations of China in the Early 19th Century: A Case Study of The Chinese Repository JIN, CHENG How to cite: JIN, CHENG (2019) Orientalism and Representations of China in the Early 19th Century: A Case Study of The Chinese Repository, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/13227/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk 2 ORIENTALISM AND REPRESENTATIONS OF CHINA IN THE EARLY 19TH CENTURY: A CASE STUDY OF THE CHINESE REPOSITORY Cheng Jin St. Cuthbert’s Society School of Modern Languages and Cultures Durham University This dissertation is submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy 2019 March 2019 DECLARATION This dissertation is the result of my own work and includes nothing, which is the outcome of work done in collaboration except where specifically indicated in the text.
    [Show full text]
  • ABSTRACT Liang Fa's Quanshi Liangyan and Its Impact on The
    ABSTRACT Liang Fa’s Quanshi liangyan and Its Impact on the Taiping Movement Sukjoo Kim, Ph.D. Mentor: Rosalie Beck, Ph.D. Scholars of the Taiping Movement have assumed that Liang Fa’s Quanshi liangyan 勸世良言 (Good Words to Admonish the Age, being Nine Miscellaneous Christian Tracts) greatly influenced Hong Xiuquan, but very little has been written on the role of Liang’s work. The main reason is that even though hundreds of copies were distributed in the early nineteenth century, only four survived the destruction which followed the failure of the Taiping Movement. This dissertation therefore explores the extent of the Christian influence of Liang’s nine tracts on Hong and the Taiping Movement. This study begins with an introduction to China in the nineteenth century and the early missions of western countries in China. The second chapter focuses on the life and work of Liang. His religious background was in Confucianism and Buddhism, but when he encountered Robert Morrison and William Milne, he identified with Christianity. The third chapter discusses the story of Hong especially examining Hong’s acquisition of Liang’s Quanshi liangyan and Hong’s revelatory dream, both of which serve as motives for the establishment of the Society of God Worshippers and the Taiping Movement. The fourth chapter develops Liang’s key ideas from his Quanshi liangyan and compares them with Hong’s beliefs, as found in official documents of the Taipings. The fifth chapter describes Hong’s beliefs and the actual practices of the Taiping Movement and compares them with Liang’s key ideas.
    [Show full text]
  • The Legacy of Robert Morrison J
    The Legacy of Robert Morrison J. Barton Starr hen asked in 1807 by an American merchant if he really United States because of the East India Company's prohibition W expected to "make an impression on the idolatry of the on missionaries in China. On April 18 he arrived in the United Great Chinese Empire," Robert Morrison replied, "No, sir, I States, where the famous incident cited in the opening of this expect God will." This well-known exchange, related by Isabella article took place. Morrison enjoyed his time in the United States Graham,epitomizesMorrison'sapproachto his missionto China.' and made acquaintances in New York, Philadelphia, and Boston As the pioneer Protestant missionary to a country closed to who would become lifelong correspondents and supporters of mission work (both by the Chinese government and by the his work. On May 12 he sailed from New York on board the British East India Company), Morrison knew that his work Trident, arriving in Canton on September 6, 1807.6 would be that of a forerunner. He knew that he would have little As it was illegal for him to be in Canton as a missionary, he opportunity to preach the Gospel or to shepherd converts into first lived in the American Factory"where he undertook the task the sheepfold of God's kingdom. But he also clearlybelieved that of learning the Chinese language. Because it was a crime punish­ God had called him to prepare the way for others who would able by death for a Chinese person to teach a foreigner the follow in his footsteps.
    [Show full text]
  • 白話字的起源與在台灣的發展the Origins of Pe̍h-Ōe-Jī and Its
    國立台灣師範大學台灣語文學系 博士論文 指導教授：賀安娟（Ann Heylen）博士 白話字的起源與在台灣的發展 The Origins of Pe̍ h-ōe-jī and Its Development in Taiwan 研究生：陳慕真 撰 2015 年 12 月 本論文獲得科技部 104 年度獎勵人文與社會科學 領域博士候選人撰寫博士論文獎勵，謹此誌謝。 摘要 本文以白話字為研究主題，探討白話字從十九世紀至今百餘年來的發展，分 析白話字在麻六甲的起源，在中國廈門的形成，以及在台灣從清末、日治時期， 到戰後的發展。透過白話字於不同時期的歷史梳理與分析，本文指出，白話字在 台灣的發展主要呈現兩條主要的脈絡：一為從 1865 年開始，由英國長老教會的 宣教師所發展的白話字運動 ── 這條主線在教會內穩定的發展，從日治時期延 續到戰後，直到 1969 年國民黨政府全面禁止白話字為止；另一條脈絡源於日治 時期的 1920 年代，白話字運動與台灣文化啟蒙運動相結合，並在戰後 1950 年代 由台灣省議員所接續，此後因為高壓的國語政策而沉寂，直到 1980 年代才在政 治解嚴的風潮下，隨著台語文運動而再次出現於台灣社會。這兩條脈絡顯示出白 話字在台灣的發展轉變為：（一）推動者：從西方宣教師轉變為台灣本地知識份 子，（二）訴求對象：從長老教會的信徒，擴及至台灣社會大眾，（三）推動目 的：從傳揚基督教，達成信仰教育，改變為以普及知識，達成社會教育，（四） 認同取向：從對基督教的信仰認同，發展為對台灣民族的認同。從這些轉變的過 程顯示出白話字一開始作為西方宣教師創制的文字系統在台灣本土化的痕跡。 從 1885 年《台灣府城教會報》創刊開始，台灣基督長老教會就開創了以白 話字閱讀、書寫、出版、傳播的時代，直到戰後的 1969 年為止。在長老教會的 推動下，白話字已經穩固的成為基督徒社群共通的文字。在 1885 年至 1969 年這 段台灣的「白話字時代」中，以白話字出版之書籍、刊物，總數量至少近千冊， 內容涵蓋了文學藝術、宗教信仰、歷史文化、兒童教育、醫學知識等領域。這些 成果顯示，以白話字所構築的知識體系已然健全，並成熟的體現在各領域。白話 字除了是教會信徒領受基督信仰的文字工具外，也是台灣人以台語獲取各種現代 化知識的重要途徑。 本文的另一個重點，在於指出「白話字傳播圈」的概念 ── 從十九世紀白 話字的傳播路線來看，首先是從南洋的麻六甲（1820 年代），繼而到中國廈門 （1850 年代），最後來到台灣（1865 年代）。就歷史的進程而言，台灣居於「白 話字傳播圈」的末端。然而，經過百餘年來歷史的發展，隨著東南亞華人和中國 閩南人的政治情勢、族群結構、語言式微、宗教信仰等主客觀因素，福建話和閩 南話的白話字在當地並未有穩定和長足的發展。相較於此，1980 年代後，隨著 台語文運動的成果，使得台灣在白話字上取得優勢和主導權，逐漸躍居為新加坡、 馬來西亞和中國閩南的白話字輸入中心。換言之，台灣從歷史上「白話字傳播圈」 的末端，逐漸發展成為具有「白話字傳播圈」中心的條件。 關鍵詞：白話字、台語、教會羅馬字、台語文運動、台灣基督長老教會、《台 灣教會公報》、台灣宣道社、白話字時代（1885-1969）、台灣文學 Abstract The purpose of this thesis is to study the development of Pe̍ h-ōe-jī since the nineteenth century and to analyze its origins in Malacca, its formation in Amoy, and its development in Taiwan from the sunset of the Qing dynasty to the post‐war period. The survey results of the development of Pe̍ h-ōe-jī indicate that the development of Pe̍ h-ōe-jī in Taiwan has two major contexts.
    [Show full text]
  • EARLY ECONOMIC WRITINGS in XIX CENTURY CHINA: the MAOYI TONGZHI 'Ji
    Federica Casalin EARLY ECONOMIC WRITINGS IN XIX CENTURY CHINA: THE MAOYI TONGZHI 'Ji. ~ii~* From the third decade of the XIX century, Protestant missionaries, with the support of European China merchants, prepared and published magazines and books about Western civilization and knowledge, including a number of writings on economic subjects. Among the latter, some are still untraceable, as for instance the Zhiguo zhi yong daliie m1~z.J8:k~. Published in 1831, this short text is, in all probability, the first manual of political economy ever to be written in Chinese, as suggested by one of the earliest surveys of mis­ sionary translations in China.' Another work which eluded sinological studies for long is the Maoyi tOllgzhi ~~jjiit;, a considerable fragment of which was recently found in the Mohai shuguGlz ~~4YcB of Beijing National Library. This short "Trea­ tise on commerce", which was published in 1840 by the Society for the Dif­ fusion of Useful Knowledge based in Canton, attracted the attention of influ­ ential readers of the time, who actively contributed to the spread of its fame in the Qing Empire. After reconstructing the editorial history of the text, this study will focus on its contents, which are compared both to the presumed English source and to a series of articles on economics published in a monthly magazine a few years earlier. Some comments about the reception of the Maoyi tOllgzhi are given in the end. Though extremely interestin~, no in-depth lexical analysis will be made here, except for a few occasional remarks. A separate study on this fascinating topic will hopefully follow soon.
    [Show full text]
  • The Chinese People's Liberation Army at 75
    THE LESSONS OF HISTORY: THE CHINESE PEOPLE’S LIBERATION ARMY AT 75 Edited by Laurie Burkitt Andrew Scobell Larry M. Wortzel July 2003 ***** The views expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Army, the Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. This report is cleared for public release; distribution is unlimited. ***** Comments pertaining to this report are invited and should be forwarded to: Director, Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College, 122 Forbes Ave., Carlisle, PA 17013-5244. Copies of this report may be obtained from the Publications Office by calling (717) 245-4133, FAX (717) 245-3820, or via the Internet at [email protected] ***** Most 1993, 1994, and all later Strategic Studies Institute (SSI) monographs are available on the SSI Homepage for electronic dissemination. SSI’s Homepage address is: http:// www.carlisle.army.mil/ssi/index.html ***** The Strategic Studies Institute publishes a monthly e-mail news- letter to update the national security community on the research of our analysts, recent and forthcoming publications, and upcoming conferences sponsored by the Institute. Each newsletter also pro- vides a strategic commentary by one of our research analysts. If you are interested in receiving this newsletter, please let us know by e-mail at [email protected] or by calling (717) 245-3133. ISBN 1-58487-126-1 ii CONTENTS Foreword Ambassador James R. Lilley . v Part I: Overview. 1 1. Introduction: The Lesson Learned by China’s Soldiers Laurie Burkitt, Andrew Scobell, and Larry M.
    [Show full text]
  • Missionary Translator Robert Morrison
    2020 Conference on Educational Science and Educational Skills (ESES2020) Missionary Translator Robert Morrison Honglu Li1*, Xiao Shi2 1Institute of Foreign Language and Literature, Huaihua University, Huaihua, Hunan 418008, China. 2Institute of Foreign Language and Literature, Huaihua University, Huaihua, Hunan 418008, China. 1E-mail:[email protected], 2E-mail: [email protected] Keywords: Morrison; Translation Achievements; Translation Methods Abstract: Robert Morrison, the first Protestant missionary coming to China in the 19th century, has translated a large number of works in China for 25 years and made remarkable achievements in Sino-west cultural communication. This paper analyzes his specific translation methods adopted in his various translation works, such as literal translation, free translation, literal translation in combination with free translation, and the combination of translation and interpretation, and studies the cultural influence of his translation works .Morrison is indeed a representative figure in the cultural exchange between China and the West. 1. Introduction With the rapid development of science and technology in the 19th century, the cultural exchanges between China and the West had become increasingly active in that period. Europeans came to China for different purposes. Some western works have been translated into Chinese, and some Chinese classics also began to be translated into English. The main translators are missionaries. They have made great contributions to the cultural exchanges between China and the West. Among them, Morrison is the first missionary to spread Protestantism in China in the 19th century. His translation achievements are particularly outstanding, eye-catching and noteworthy, becoming the link between the past and the future between China and the west, which is worthy of in-depth study.
    [Show full text]
  • China Trade Materials in Manhattan Library Collections
    Journal of East Asian Libraries Volume 1989 Number 86 Article 4 2-1-1989 Olyphant's Island: China Trade Materials in Manhattan Library Collections: The New-York Historical Society, The Union Theological Seminary, and the Research Division of The New York Public Library Murray A. Rubinstein Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/jeal BYU ScholarsArchive Citation Rubinstein, Murray A. (1989) "Olyphant's Island: China Trade Materials in Manhattan Library Collections: The New-York Historical Society, The Union Theological Seminary, and the Research Division of The New York Public Library," Journal of East Asian Libraries: Vol. 1989 : No. 86 , Article 4. Available at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/jeal/vol1989/iss86/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of East Asian Libraries by an authorized editor of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. OLYPHANTS ISLAND: CHIN A TRADE MATERIALS IN MANHATTAN LIBRARY COLLECTIONS: THE NEW-YORK HISTORICAL SOCIETY, THE UNION THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY, AND THE RESEARCH DIVISION OF THE NEW YORK PUBLIC LIBRARY Murray A. Rubinstein Baruch College, CUNY Introduction The New York of the 1820s and 1830s was a city opening itself to the world. The ships of John Jacob Astor, the merchant prince, with such captains as Samuel Hill at the helm, had opened the way to the south seas and the ports of East Asia in the years from 1780 to 1820. By 1826, the year that pious and practical business man, D.
    [Show full text]
  • 白話字的起源與在台灣的發展the Origins of Pe̍h
    國立台灣師範大學台灣語文學系 博士論文 指導教授：賀安娟（Ann Heylen）博士 白話字的起源與在台灣的發展 The Origins of Pe̍ h-ōe-jī and Its Development in Taiwan 研究生：陳慕真 撰 2015 年 12 月 本論文獲得科技部 104 年度獎勵人文與社會科學 領域博士候選人撰寫博士論文獎勵，謹此誌謝。 摘要 本文以白話字為研究主題，探討白話字從十九世紀至今百餘年來的發展，分 析白話字在麻六甲的起源，在中國廈門的形成，以及在台灣從清末、日治時期， 到戰後的發展。透過白話字於不同時期的歷史梳理與分析，本文指出，白話字在 台灣的發展主要呈現兩條主要的脈絡：一為從 1865 年開始，由英國長老教會的 宣教師所發展的白話字運動 ── 這條主線在教會內穩定的發展，從日治時期延 續到戰後，直到 1969 年國民黨政府全面禁止白話字為止；另一條脈絡源於日治 時期的 1920 年代，白話字運動與台灣文化啟蒙運動相結合，並在戰後 1950 年代 由台灣省議員所接續，此後因為高壓的國語政策而沉寂，直到 1980 年代才在政 治解嚴的風潮下，隨著台語文運動而再次出現於台灣社會。這兩條脈絡顯示出白 話字在台灣的發展轉變為：（一）推動者：從西方宣教師轉變為台灣本地知識份 子，（二）訴求對象：從長老教會的信徒，擴及至台灣社會大眾，（三）推動目 的：從傳揚基督教，達成信仰教育，改變為以普及知識，達成社會教育，（四） 認同取向：從對基督教的信仰認同，發展為對台灣民族的認同。從這些轉變的過 程顯示出白話字一開始作為西方宣教師創制的文字系統在台灣本土化的痕跡。 從 1885 年《台灣府城教會報》創刊開始，台灣基督長老教會就開創了以白 話字閱讀、書寫、出版、傳播的時代，直到戰後的 1969 年為止。在長老教會的 推動下，白話字已經穩固的成為基督徒社群共通的文字。在 1885 年至 1969 年這 段台灣的「白話字時代」中，以白話字出版之書籍、刊物，總數量至少近千冊， 內容涵蓋了文學藝術、宗教信仰、歷史文化、兒童教育、醫學知識等領域。這些 成果顯示，以白話字所構築的知識體系已然健全，並成熟的體現在各領域。白話 字除了是教會信徒領受基督信仰的文字工具外，也是台灣人以台語獲取各種現代 化知識的重要途徑。 本文的另一個重點，在於指出「白話字傳播圈」的概念 ── 從十九世紀白 話字的傳播路線來看，首先是從南洋的麻六甲（1820 年代），繼而到中國廈門 （1850 年代），最後來到台灣（1865 年代）。就歷史的進程而言，台灣居於「白 話字傳播圈」的末端。然而，經過百餘年來歷史的發展，隨著東南亞華人和中國 閩南人的政治情勢、族群結構、語言式微、宗教信仰等主客觀因素，福建話和閩 南話的白話字在當地並未有穩定和長足的發展。相較於此，1980 年代後，隨著 台語文運動的成果，使得台灣在白話字上取得優勢和主導權，逐漸躍居為新加坡、 馬來西亞和中國閩南的白話字輸入中心。換言之，台灣從歷史上「白話字傳播圈」 的末端，逐漸發展成為具有「白話字傳播圈」中心的條件。 關鍵詞：白話字、台語、教會羅馬字、台語文運動、台灣基督長老教會、《台 灣教會公報》、台灣宣道社、白話字時代（1885-1969）、台灣文學 Abstract The purpose of this thesis is to study the development of Pe̍ h-ōe-jī since the nineteenth century and to analyze its origins in Malacca, its formation in Amoy, and its development in Taiwan from the sunset of the Qing dynasty to the post‐war period. The survey results of the development of Pe̍ h-ōe-jī indicate that the development of Pe̍ h-ōe-jī in Taiwan has two major contexts.
    [Show full text]