19Th Century Travels to China Abbott, Jacob, 1803-1879
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A Case Study of the Chinese Repository
Durham E-Theses Orientalism and Representations of China in the Early 19th Century: A Case Study of The Chinese Repository JIN, CHENG How to cite: JIN, CHENG (2019) Orientalism and Representations of China in the Early 19th Century: A Case Study of The Chinese Repository, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/13227/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk 2 ORIENTALISM AND REPRESENTATIONS OF CHINA IN THE EARLY 19TH CENTURY: A CASE STUDY OF THE CHINESE REPOSITORY Cheng Jin St. Cuthbert’s Society School of Modern Languages and Cultures Durham University This dissertation is submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy 2019 March 2019 DECLARATION This dissertation is the result of my own work and includes nothing, which is the outcome of work done in collaboration except where specifically indicated in the text. -
The Chinese Recorder and Missionary Journal
Journal of Literature and Art Studies, May 2021, Vol. 11, No. 5, 360-367 doi: 10.17265/2159-5836/2021.05.013 D DAVID PUBLISHING A Study on Advertisements in The Chinese Recorder and Missionary Journal WANG Hai, WU Zong-yang Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou, China The Chinese Recorder and Missionary Journal is one of the most valued English literature in China’s history of Christianity and the key publications of missionaries from the second half of the 19th Century to the first half of the 20th Century. The advertisements in it have not been properly stressed by the academic world, most of which are even deleted in the bound volumes. This paper aims to give a preliminary study on the advertisements in Chinese Recorder and Missionary Journal, comparing and analyzing advertisers, slogans and text structures and appeal methods of advertisements of shipping, banking, schools and book introduction in Chinese Recorder and Missionary Journal, thus demonstrating its significance in China’s modern advertising industry and Sino-western commercial trade and cultural exchange. Keywords: Chinese Recorder and Missionary Journal, protestant missionaries in China, mission press, secularization, study on Advertisements in The Chinese Recorder and Missionary Journal In March 1867, The Chinese Recorder and Missionary Journal, under the original name Missionary Recorder, was founded by American missionary Rev. L. N. Wheeler in Fuzhou, China. Its ceased publication in December in the same year. In May 1868, Rev. S. L. Baldwin resumed its publication and changed its title into The Chinese Recorder and Missionary Journal. In May 1872, Due to the department of Rev. -
白話字的起源與在台灣的發展the Origins of Pe̍h-Ōe-Jī and Its
國立台灣師範大學台灣語文學系 博士論文 指導教授：賀安娟（Ann Heylen）博士 白話字的起源與在台灣的發展 The Origins of Pe̍ h-ōe-jī and Its Development in Taiwan 研究生：陳慕真 撰 2015 年 12 月 本論文獲得科技部 104 年度獎勵人文與社會科學 領域博士候選人撰寫博士論文獎勵，謹此誌謝。 摘要 本文以白話字為研究主題，探討白話字從十九世紀至今百餘年來的發展，分 析白話字在麻六甲的起源，在中國廈門的形成，以及在台灣從清末、日治時期， 到戰後的發展。透過白話字於不同時期的歷史梳理與分析，本文指出，白話字在 台灣的發展主要呈現兩條主要的脈絡：一為從 1865 年開始，由英國長老教會的 宣教師所發展的白話字運動 ── 這條主線在教會內穩定的發展，從日治時期延 續到戰後，直到 1969 年國民黨政府全面禁止白話字為止；另一條脈絡源於日治 時期的 1920 年代，白話字運動與台灣文化啟蒙運動相結合，並在戰後 1950 年代 由台灣省議員所接續，此後因為高壓的國語政策而沉寂，直到 1980 年代才在政 治解嚴的風潮下，隨著台語文運動而再次出現於台灣社會。這兩條脈絡顯示出白 話字在台灣的發展轉變為：（一）推動者：從西方宣教師轉變為台灣本地知識份 子，（二）訴求對象：從長老教會的信徒，擴及至台灣社會大眾，（三）推動目 的：從傳揚基督教，達成信仰教育，改變為以普及知識，達成社會教育，（四） 認同取向：從對基督教的信仰認同，發展為對台灣民族的認同。從這些轉變的過 程顯示出白話字一開始作為西方宣教師創制的文字系統在台灣本土化的痕跡。 從 1885 年《台灣府城教會報》創刊開始，台灣基督長老教會就開創了以白 話字閱讀、書寫、出版、傳播的時代，直到戰後的 1969 年為止。在長老教會的 推動下，白話字已經穩固的成為基督徒社群共通的文字。在 1885 年至 1969 年這 段台灣的「白話字時代」中，以白話字出版之書籍、刊物，總數量至少近千冊， 內容涵蓋了文學藝術、宗教信仰、歷史文化、兒童教育、醫學知識等領域。這些 成果顯示，以白話字所構築的知識體系已然健全，並成熟的體現在各領域。白話 字除了是教會信徒領受基督信仰的文字工具外，也是台灣人以台語獲取各種現代 化知識的重要途徑。 本文的另一個重點，在於指出「白話字傳播圈」的概念 ── 從十九世紀白 話字的傳播路線來看，首先是從南洋的麻六甲（1820 年代），繼而到中國廈門 （1850 年代），最後來到台灣（1865 年代）。就歷史的進程而言，台灣居於「白 話字傳播圈」的末端。然而，經過百餘年來歷史的發展，隨著東南亞華人和中國 閩南人的政治情勢、族群結構、語言式微、宗教信仰等主客觀因素，福建話和閩 南話的白話字在當地並未有穩定和長足的發展。相較於此，1980 年代後，隨著 台語文運動的成果，使得台灣在白話字上取得優勢和主導權，逐漸躍居為新加坡、 馬來西亞和中國閩南的白話字輸入中心。換言之，台灣從歷史上「白話字傳播圈」 的末端，逐漸發展成為具有「白話字傳播圈」中心的條件。 關鍵詞：白話字、台語、教會羅馬字、台語文運動、台灣基督長老教會、《台 灣教會公報》、台灣宣道社、白話字時代（1885-1969）、台灣文學 Abstract The purpose of this thesis is to study the development of Pe̍ h-ōe-jī since the nineteenth century and to analyze its origins in Malacca, its formation in Amoy, and its development in Taiwan from the sunset of the Qing dynasty to the post‐war period. The survey results of the development of Pe̍ h-ōe-jī indicate that the development of Pe̍ h-ōe-jī in Taiwan has two major contexts. -
Missionary Translator Robert Morrison
2020 Conference on Educational Science and Educational Skills (ESES2020) Missionary Translator Robert Morrison Honglu Li1*, Xiao Shi2 1Institute of Foreign Language and Literature, Huaihua University, Huaihua, Hunan 418008, China. 2Institute of Foreign Language and Literature, Huaihua University, Huaihua, Hunan 418008, China. 1E-mail:[email protected], 2E-mail: [email protected] Keywords: Morrison; Translation Achievements; Translation Methods Abstract: Robert Morrison, the first Protestant missionary coming to China in the 19th century, has translated a large number of works in China for 25 years and made remarkable achievements in Sino-west cultural communication. This paper analyzes his specific translation methods adopted in his various translation works, such as literal translation, free translation, literal translation in combination with free translation, and the combination of translation and interpretation, and studies the cultural influence of his translation works .Morrison is indeed a representative figure in the cultural exchange between China and the West. 1. Introduction With the rapid development of science and technology in the 19th century, the cultural exchanges between China and the West had become increasingly active in that period. Europeans came to China for different purposes. Some western works have been translated into Chinese, and some Chinese classics also began to be translated into English. The main translators are missionaries. They have made great contributions to the cultural exchanges between China and the West. Among them, Morrison is the first missionary to spread Protestantism in China in the 19th century. His translation achievements are particularly outstanding, eye-catching and noteworthy, becoming the link between the past and the future between China and the west, which is worthy of in-depth study. -
China Trade Materials in Manhattan Library Collections
Journal of East Asian Libraries Volume 1989 Number 86 Article 4 2-1-1989 Olyphant's Island: China Trade Materials in Manhattan Library Collections: The New-York Historical Society, The Union Theological Seminary, and the Research Division of The New York Public Library Murray A. Rubinstein Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/jeal BYU ScholarsArchive Citation Rubinstein, Murray A. (1989) "Olyphant's Island: China Trade Materials in Manhattan Library Collections: The New-York Historical Society, The Union Theological Seminary, and the Research Division of The New York Public Library," Journal of East Asian Libraries: Vol. 1989 : No. 86 , Article 4. Available at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/jeal/vol1989/iss86/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of East Asian Libraries by an authorized editor of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. OLYPHANTS ISLAND: CHIN A TRADE MATERIALS IN MANHATTAN LIBRARY COLLECTIONS: THE NEW-YORK HISTORICAL SOCIETY, THE UNION THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY, AND THE RESEARCH DIVISION OF THE NEW YORK PUBLIC LIBRARY Murray A. Rubinstein Baruch College, CUNY Introduction The New York of the 1820s and 1830s was a city opening itself to the world. The ships of John Jacob Astor, the merchant prince, with such captains as Samuel Hill at the helm, had opened the way to the south seas and the ports of East Asia in the years from 1780 to 1820. By 1826, the year that pious and practical business man, D. -
白話字的起源與在台灣的發展the Origins of Pe̍h
國立台灣師範大學台灣語文學系 博士論文 指導教授：賀安娟（Ann Heylen）博士 白話字的起源與在台灣的發展 The Origins of Pe̍ h-ōe-jī and Its Development in Taiwan 研究生：陳慕真 撰 2015 年 12 月 本論文獲得科技部 104 年度獎勵人文與社會科學 領域博士候選人撰寫博士論文獎勵，謹此誌謝。 摘要 本文以白話字為研究主題，探討白話字從十九世紀至今百餘年來的發展，分 析白話字在麻六甲的起源，在中國廈門的形成，以及在台灣從清末、日治時期， 到戰後的發展。透過白話字於不同時期的歷史梳理與分析，本文指出，白話字在 台灣的發展主要呈現兩條主要的脈絡：一為從 1865 年開始，由英國長老教會的 宣教師所發展的白話字運動 ── 這條主線在教會內穩定的發展，從日治時期延 續到戰後，直到 1969 年國民黨政府全面禁止白話字為止；另一條脈絡源於日治 時期的 1920 年代，白話字運動與台灣文化啟蒙運動相結合，並在戰後 1950 年代 由台灣省議員所接續，此後因為高壓的國語政策而沉寂，直到 1980 年代才在政 治解嚴的風潮下，隨著台語文運動而再次出現於台灣社會。這兩條脈絡顯示出白 話字在台灣的發展轉變為：（一）推動者：從西方宣教師轉變為台灣本地知識份 子，（二）訴求對象：從長老教會的信徒，擴及至台灣社會大眾，（三）推動目 的：從傳揚基督教，達成信仰教育，改變為以普及知識，達成社會教育，（四） 認同取向：從對基督教的信仰認同，發展為對台灣民族的認同。從這些轉變的過 程顯示出白話字一開始作為西方宣教師創制的文字系統在台灣本土化的痕跡。 從 1885 年《台灣府城教會報》創刊開始，台灣基督長老教會就開創了以白 話字閱讀、書寫、出版、傳播的時代，直到戰後的 1969 年為止。在長老教會的 推動下，白話字已經穩固的成為基督徒社群共通的文字。在 1885 年至 1969 年這 段台灣的「白話字時代」中，以白話字出版之書籍、刊物，總數量至少近千冊， 內容涵蓋了文學藝術、宗教信仰、歷史文化、兒童教育、醫學知識等領域。這些 成果顯示，以白話字所構築的知識體系已然健全，並成熟的體現在各領域。白話 字除了是教會信徒領受基督信仰的文字工具外，也是台灣人以台語獲取各種現代 化知識的重要途徑。 本文的另一個重點，在於指出「白話字傳播圈」的概念 ── 從十九世紀白 話字的傳播路線來看，首先是從南洋的麻六甲（1820 年代），繼而到中國廈門 （1850 年代），最後來到台灣（1865 年代）。就歷史的進程而言，台灣居於「白 話字傳播圈」的末端。然而，經過百餘年來歷史的發展，隨著東南亞華人和中國 閩南人的政治情勢、族群結構、語言式微、宗教信仰等主客觀因素，福建話和閩 南話的白話字在當地並未有穩定和長足的發展。相較於此，1980 年代後，隨著 台語文運動的成果，使得台灣在白話字上取得優勢和主導權，逐漸躍居為新加坡、 馬來西亞和中國閩南的白話字輸入中心。換言之，台灣從歷史上「白話字傳播圈」 的末端，逐漸發展成為具有「白話字傳播圈」中心的條件。 關鍵詞：白話字、台語、教會羅馬字、台語文運動、台灣基督長老教會、《台 灣教會公報》、台灣宣道社、白話字時代（1885-1969）、台灣文學 Abstract The purpose of this thesis is to study the development of Pe̍ h-ōe-jī since the nineteenth century and to analyze its origins in Malacca, its formation in Amoy, and its development in Taiwan from the sunset of the Qing dynasty to the post‐war period. The survey results of the development of Pe̍ h-ōe-jī indicate that the development of Pe̍ h-ōe-jī in Taiwan has two major contexts. -
Robert Morrison's Influence on Translation, Printing, And
Robert Morrison’s Influence on Translation, Printing, and Publishing in Asia Hyun-Guk Ryu Tsukuba University of Technology (NTUT) [email protected] This study examines the influence on translation, printing and publishing in Asia of a mission press established by the Protestant missionary Robert Morrison, by reexamining precedent studies of the history of type printing in Asia. Morrison initially translated the Old and New Testaments into Chinese before compiling the 4,595-page Dictionary of the Chinese Language, in Three Parts. This dictionary subsequently served as the base for publications of multilingual dictionaries in Japan and Korea. Morrison also participated in the printing business, actively publishing evangelical works. In addition, he published and disseminated the Old and New Testaments in Hangul, the Wenli Bible, which became the base for Korean Bible translations. The new finding of this research is that both direct and indirect influences, including Robert Morrison’s research and introduction to Hangul, followed by Hangul Bible translations by Karl F. A. Gützlaff and John Ross, helped new cultures to blossom in Korea. Keywords: Robert Morrison, Bible, Translation, Printing, Publishing, China, Korean language was to have a major influence on translation, plate 1. Introduction making, printing and publishing in Asia, as evidenced At the end of the eighteenth century, Christian by, for example, the 1837 Japanese edition of the missionaries still had great difficulty entering China. Gospel According to St. John and the first Hangul To gain a foothold for their missionary work, they edition of The Gospel of Luke and John ( stayed in other East Asian countries, waiting for an ; Yesu Seonggyo Nuga Bogeum opportunity to enter China and endeavoring to learn Jeonseo) published in 1882. -
The Strange Voyage of the Chinese Junk Keying
The Romance of China: Chapter 5 http://www.gutenberg-e.org/haj01/haj06.html Email this citation 5. A Floating Ethnology: The Strange Voyage of the ChineseJunk Introduction Keying 1. Xanadu 1 2. Romantic If the Cantonese crew members on board the Chinese junk Keying felt cooped up, they had good Domesticity reason. Since departing Hong Kong in December 1846 and sailing all the way to New York via the 3. The China Cape of Good Hope, they had worked, eaten, and slept on this 160-foot-long boat. When they Effect initially signed on, the British captain had assured them that the junk was headed only as far as 4. China in the island of Java. And after they discovered the deception, he exercised brute force to keep Miniature them with the craft. But whereas the surrounding ocean and a coercive captain had once kept them from leaving the junk, now crowds of New Yorkers did. As one of the top attractions of the 5. Floating summer, the Keying drew droves of curious people who were eager to board it and meet the Ethnology crew. For the latter, these visitors could be exhausting as well as annoying—especially the China to New children who repeatedly tugged on their dangling queues. York Early Reception Tired of being an exhibit, several members of the crew decided to stretch their legs and see the China sights of Gotham. On August 2, 1847, they disembarked and headed into the city. Of course, Downgraded being Chinese in a predominantly white city, they were unable to blend into the crowds and so Barnumization continued to be an exhibit even while taking time off. -
The Nestorian Monument of Hsî-An Fû in Shen-Hsî, China, Relating to The
mm CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY THE CHARLES WILLIAM WASON COLLECTION ON CHINA AND THE CHINESE Cornell University Library The original of tiiis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924023155785 THE NESTORIAN MONUMENT OF HSl-AN FtJ IN SHEN-HSi, CHINA RELATING TO THE DIFFUSION OF CHRISTIANITY IN CHINA IN THE SEVENTH AND EIGHTH CENTURIES THE CHINESE TEXT OF THE INSCRIPTION, A TRANSLATION, AND NOTES AND A LECTURE ON THE MONUMENT With a Sketch of subsequent Christian Missions in China and their present state JAMES LEGGE PROFESSOR OF THE CHINESE LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE IN THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD TRUBNER & CO., 57 AND 59, LUDGATE HILL 1888 Reprinted by PARAGON BOOK REPRINT CORP. NEW YORK 1966 Library of Congress Catalogue Card No. 66-18959 All Rights Reserved An unaltered and unabridged reprint of the work published in London 1 888 Reprinted by Paragon Book Reprint Corp. " 1 Printed in the United States of America PREFACE. I HAD long recognised the importance of the Hsi-an FA monument, and the inscription on it had often engaged my attention. Towards the end of last year two rubbings or facsimiles of it were submitted to me, one of them more complete than I had ever seen before, showing not only the writing on the face, but also the long lists of names, mostly in Syriac but partly in Chinese, on the two sides. I made a fresh study of the inscription, in the course of which it occurred to me that there were some things to be said on it which had not been said already,—things not unimportant for the general public, and specially im- portant for parties interested, like myself, in the prosecution and conduct of Missions in China. -
The Legacy of Karl Friedrich August Giitzlaff Jessie G
The Legacy of Karl Friedrich August Giitzlaff Jessie G. Lutz ew missionaries are more controversial than Karl and came under the influence of a pietist, evangelical interpreta F Giitzlaff, German missionary to China during the sec tion of Protestantism. In this nonsectarian Christocentric ver ond quarter of the nineteenth century. Extravagantly praised for sion, the essential doctrine was God's sacrifice of his Son, which his dedication to bringing the Gospel to all China, he was offered hope to all willing to become servants of the Savior. censured with equal immoderation when his attempt to convert Paramountwas the experienceof rebirth in Christ. Romanticism, the whole nation through Chinese evangelists proved a fiasco. with its celebration of individualism, exoticism, and excess, was For a hundred years after his death in 1851, negative images of also pervasive in early nineteenth-century Germany. Contradic Giitzlaff prevailed. Recently, Herman Schlyter, A. J. Broomhall, tory though romanticism, Pietism, and rationalism might be, and I have attempted more balanced assessments. Giitzlaff responded to each. Above all, Giitzlaff was ambitious Understanding this conflicted, complex individual is not and adventurous, even considering the possibility of becoming easy, however. At one moment he gloried in his exploits,braving a missionary in some foreign land. an ice storm or outbluffing a mandarin in order to make known Once when Emperor Frederick William III visited Stettin, the Christianmessage; in the next, he could refer to himselfas the Giitzlaff and a friend boldly threw a welcoming poem into the insignificant instrument of God. He chafed under the strictures emperor's carriage. Frederick William was pleased and offered of his Dutch missionary society and quicklybecame an indepen to educate the two, designating Giitzlaff for the Berlin Mission dent missionary, beholden to none but God. -
Chinese Migrations, with Special Reference to Labor Conditions
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR JAMES J. DAVIS, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS ETHELBERT STEWART, Commissioner BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES \ BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS / .........{No. 340 MISCELLANEOUS SERIES CHINESE MIGRATIONS, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO LABOR CONDITIONS By TA CHEN, A. M. Sometime Fellow of Columbia University JULY, 1923 WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1923 Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis ADDITIONAL COPIES OF THIS PUBLICATION M A Y BE PROCURED FROM THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE W ASHINGTON, D . C . AT 35 CENTS PER COPY PURCHASER AGREES NOT TO RESELL OR DISTRIBUTE THIS COPY FOR PROFIT.— PUB. RES. 57, APPROVED M AY 11, 1922 Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis CONTENTS. Page. I ntroduction..................................................................................................................... 1-3 Chapter I.—A survey of Chinese migrations.............................................................. 4-21 History and scope of Chinese emigration.......................................................... 4, 5 Causes of emigration................................................................................................ 5-12 Methods of emigration............................................................................................. 12-16 The junk............................................................................................................ 12,13 Emigration -
The First Opium War in 1842
Opium clipper “Water Witch”(1831) National Maritime Museum, London [1831_WaterWitch_PW7719_nmm] THE OPIUM TRADE Introduction The Opium Wars of 1839 to 1842 and 1856 to 1860 marked a new stage in China’s relations with the West. China’s military defeats in these wars forced its rulers to sign treaties opening many ports to foreign trade. The restrictions imposed under the Canton system were abolished. Opium, despite imperial prohibitions, now became a regular item of trade. As opium flooded into China, its price dropped, local consumption increased rapidly, and the drug penetrated all levels of society. In the new treaty ports, foreign traders collaborated with a greater variety of Chinese merchants than under the Canton system, and they ventured deeply into the Chinese interior. Missionaries brought Christian teachings to villagers, protected by the diplomatic rights obtained under the treaties. Popular hostility to the new foreigners began to rise. Not surprisingly, Chinese historians have regarded the two Opium Wars as unjust impositions of foreign power on the weakened Qing empire. In the 20th century, the Republic of China made strenuous efforts to abolish what it called “unequal treaties.” It succeeded in removing most of them in World War II, but this phase of foreign imperialism only ended completely with the reversion of Hong Kong to China in 1997. Conventional textbooks even date the beginning of modern Chinese history from the end of the first Opium War in 1842. 1 Although the wars, opium trade, and treaties did reflect superior Western military force, focusing only on Western impositions on China gives us too narrow a picture of this period.