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Table 1; W. Stevens and N. Turner k1970, Fox Chapel Publishing USDA Forest Products Laboratory Minimum Radius for Best 25 Species in Steam Bending; Without End Pressure Agricultural Handbook #125; Edward C. Peck, 1957 air-dried material 25.4mm square, steamed, 5% maximum failed bends Author's Note Uniform Bending Test Without End Pressure Author's Note Radius Radius/ Macro Macro Standard Name Botanical Name Standard Name Botanical Name (mm) Thickness Anatomy Anatomy Elm, Dutch (home-grown) Ulmus hollandica 240 9.4 ring porous Hackberry Celtis occidentalis ring porous Walnut, European (home-grown) Juglans regia 280 11.0 ring porous White Oak Quercus alba ring porous Robinia (home-grown) Robinia pseudoacacia 280 11.0 ring porous Red Oak Quercus rubra ring porous Oak, Turkey (home-grown) Quercus cerris 280 11.0 ring porous Chestnut Oak Quercus prinus ring porous Oak, Red (home-grown) Quercus rubra 290 11.4 ring porous Magnolia Magnolia grandiflora diffuse porous Ash, European (home-grown) Fraxinus excelsior 300 11.8 ring porous Pecan Carya illinoinensis ring porous Oak, Japanese Quercus spp. 320 12.6 ring porous Black Walnut Juglans nigra ring porous Elm, Wych Ulmus glabra 320 12.6 ring porous Hickory Carya sp ring porous Karri (South African) Eucalyptus diversicolor 320 12.6 Beech Fagus sp diffuse porous Oak, American White Quercus alba. 330 13.0 ring porous American Elm Ulmus americana ring porous Oak, European (home-grown) Quercus robur 330 13.0 ring porous Willow Salix sp diffuse porous Beech, European (home-grown) Fagus sylvatica 330 13.0 diffuse porous Birch Betula sp diffuse porous Ash, American Fraxinus sp. 330 13.0 ring porous Ash Fraxinus sp. ring porous Pillarwood Cassipourea malosana 330 13.0 Sweetgum Liquidambar styraciflua diffuse porous Elm, English Ulmus procera 340 13.4 ring porous Soft Maple Acer spp. diffuse porous Elm, White Ulmus americana 340 13.4 ring porous Yellow Poplar Liriodendron tulipifera diffuse porous Ash, European (French) Fraxinus sp. 340 13.4 ring porous Hard Maple Acer spp. diffuse porous Elm, Rock Ulmus thomasii 360 14.2 ring porous Chestnut Castanea sp ring porous Afzelia (mbembakoti) Afzelia quanzensis 360 14.2 Water Tupelo Nyssa aquatica diffuse porous Sterculia, Brown Sterculia rhinopetala 360 14.2 Cottonwood Populus deltoides diffuse porous Sycamore (home-grown) Acer pseudoplatanus 370 14.6 diffuse porous Black Tupelo Nyssa sylvatica diffuse porous Beech, European (Danish) Fagus sylvatica 370 14.6 diffuse porous Mahagany Swietenia mahagoni diffuse porous Hickory Carya sp. 380 15.0 ring porous American Sycamore Platinus occidentalis diffuse porous Chestnut, Sweet Castanea sativa 380 15.0 ring porous Buckeye Aesculus sp diffuse porous Ebony, African Diospyros crassiflora 380 15.0 diffuse porous Basswood Tilia americana diffuse porous /HIWWDEOHVHFWLRQIURPಯ:RRG%HQGLQJ+DQGERRNರ7DEOH LQSDUW 6WHYHQVDQG7XUQHU k )R[&KDSHO3XEOLVKLQJ %URDG6W(DVW3HWHUVEXUJ3$XVHGZLWK SHUPLVVLRQ KWWS ZZZIR[FKDSHOSXEOLVKLQJFRPGHIDXOWDVS[ 5LJKWWDEOHVHFWLRQIURP86'$)RUHVW3URGXFWV/DERUDWRU\ 86*RYHUQPHQWODERUDWRU\ 6XSHUILFLDOJDVSHUPHDELOLW\RIZRRGLVDIIHFWHGE\ZRRGDQDWRP\ 6LDX 7KH 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Information from its description page there is shown below. Commons is a freely licensed media file repository. You can help. [edit] Summary Description English: Tombstone of the shoemaker Xanthippos. Marble, Greek artwork, ca. 430-420 BC. From Athens. Français : Stèle funéraire du cordonnier Xanthippos. Marbre, art grec, vers 430-420 av. J.-C. Provenance : Athènes. Date Dimensions 4H. 83.75 cm (32 ¾ in.), W. 50.75 cm (19 ¾ in.) Current location [show]British Museum Main floor, room 19: Greece: Athens Accession number GR 1805.7-3.183 (Cat. Sculptures 628) Credit line Townley Collection Source/Photographer Marie-Lan Nguyen (2007) Permission See below. (Reusing this file) [edit] Licensing I, the copyright holder of this work, hereby publish it under the following license: This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 Generic license. You are free: x to share – to copy, distribute and transmit the work x to remix – to adapt the work Under the following conditions: x attribution – You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author or licensor (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). You are free to use this picture for any purpose as long as you credit its author, Marie-Lan Nguyen (user:Jastrow). Example: © Marie-Lan Nguyen / Wikimedia Commons If you use this image outside of the Wikimedia projects, I would be happy to hear from you ( jastrow pip-pip DOT org). Deutsch – Français File history Click on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. Date/Time Thumbnail Dimensions User Comment (== Summary == {{Information British Museum |artist=Unknown |description= {{en|Tombstone of the 2,400×3,636 shoemaker Xanthippos. Marble, current 17:41, 7 August 2007 Jastrow (3.55 MB) Greek artwork, ca. 430-420 BC. From Athens.}} {{fr|Stèle funéraire du cordonnier Xanthippos. Marbre, art grec, vers 430-420) File links The following pages on the English Wi kipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): x History of the chair x Klismos x Wikipedia:Did you know/Statistics/Archive 2008 Global file usage The following other wikis use this file: x Usage on es.wikipedia.org o Artesanía de la Antigua Grecia x Usage on fr.wikipedia.org o Artisanat en Grèce antique Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used to create or digitize it. If the file has been modified from its original state, some details may not fully reflect the modified file. 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