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Map 39 Mediolanum Compiled by M Map 39 Mediolanum Compiled by M. Pearce and P. Tozzi, 1997 Introduction The compilation of the map posed a number of problems, many of which also affect Map 40. In both cases we found the maps compiled by P. Fraccaro (in Baratta 1938) an important starting-point. He had produced a map of centuriation in Italy for the 1937 Bimillenary of Augustus exhibition in Rome, and was able to draw on this for northern Italy in particular. Otherwise he followed Kiepert’s FOA closely, although his collaboration with Maratta, an eminent geographer, greatly enriched his compilations. Our debt to him is considerable, since he has been a useful measure against which to test ideas and solutions to many thorny problems. It was also possible to consult his unpublished maps and notes held at Pavia University; these were particularly valuable for the reconstruction of centuriation. As with Map 40, we have retained the modern courses of the rivers in the Po plain except where firm evidence exists for the Roman period. Many of the water-courses in the plain south of the Po–and indeed the Po itself–have frequently migrated, and much important work has been done recently on these problems by Dall’Aglio and others. Similarly, we have not felt sure enough to follow some recent hypotheses about changes in prealpine lake levels, although it should be borne in mind that the level of Lake Como, for example, has certainly oscillated quite dramatically through time. Duality of river names, noted again in the introduction to Map 40, may be found in the two rivers called Duria (A2 and B3), and in the suggestion, derived from Fraccaro (1957, 125-26), that the ancient name Iria refers both to the modern Scrivia and to the Staffora. Modern knowledge of the ancient geography and archaeology of northern Italy is far from being complete, and varies greatly from area to area. Thus while the present-day regions of Lombardy and the Veneto are relatively well known (not least thanks to Fraccaro’s pioneering work), the same cannot be said for the modern regions of Piedmont and Liguria; the many uncertainties will be very clear to users of the map. Lamboglia (1939; 1941) remains the best source for Liguria, and little progress has been made in much of Piedmont since Gribaudi’s seminal work (1928). The route of the Via Aemilia Scauri between Genua and Luna (Map 41) is far from being certain. We have resolved the disagreement between the Roman itineraries by suggesting two alternative routes, one following the ridge to the Bracco Pass, the other the Val Petronio to the Mola Pass; both routes are attested in the Middle Ages. The road network south of Augusta Taurinorum and the trans-Apennine routes between the Po plain and the Tyrrhenian coast are similarly problematic. Although for much of the map our knowledge is surprisingly scant, in two cases the information is so detailed that it cannot all be included at this scale. These are the territory of Veleia, documented by the famous Trajanic Alimentary Table (CIL 11.1147), and the Porcibera river valley above Genua, where the Roman senate intervened in a territorial dispute between the V(e)iturii Langenses and the city of Genua in 117 B.C. (CIL 5.7749). Because of the differing nature of these documents, our criteria for marking their toponyms vary somewhat. For the Veleia Alimentary Table, we have selected the most securely identified place names from the long list mentioned in the inscription. There has been much discussion about some identifications; the most up-to-date treatment of the problems can be found in Criniti (1990), whose solutions we largely follow. In contrast to the large area documented by this Table, the Sententia Minuciorum deals in great detail with the small Porcibera river valley. Much of its detail about the placement of boundary stones is difficult to reconstruct, so here we have marked only the more important toponyms. Pasquinucci (1992) and Pastorino (1995) offer useful discussions and reports of archaeological fieldwork. Although there is clear evidence from thin sections and chemical analysis that various marble and stone quarries were worked in antiquity (Tozzi 1981; Zezza 1982; Buonopane 1987)–for example, at Botticino, Candoglia, Monselice, Musso and Verona–there is a lack of secure evidence for their exact location. In Late Antiquity 574 MAP 39 MEDIOLANUM soapstone from the Alps was also widely used (Mannoni 1987), and Roman quarries are known at modern Chiavenna (in the vicinity of Clavenna, Map 19 B3). Gold was certainly exploited, at Victumulae by the Victimuli (Strabo 5.1.2), and by the Salassi in the Vallanzasca (Del Soldato 1996) and in the Val di Cogne (Strabo 4.6.7; GAL Piemonte 119) south of Augusta Praetoria. It is very likely, too, that the copper and rich iron resources of the Alps were widely tapped. Because of the difficulty of locating ancient workings, however, only those sites for which there is a good measure of certainty are marked. Directory All place names are in Italy unless otherwise noted Abbreviations L’Antica Via Regina L’Antica Via Regina. Tra gli Itinerari stradali e le Vie d’Acqua del Comasco. Raccolta di Studi, Como, 1995 Brescia romana Brescia romana. Materiali per un museo. II. Catalogo della mostra: prima parte. Studi sulle testimonianze romane a Brescia, Brescia, 1979 CA Bergamo R. Poggiani Keller (ed.), Carta archeologica della Lombardia. La Provincia di Bergamo. II. La Carta archeologica del territorio di Bergamo, Modena, 1992 CA Brescia F. Rossi (ed.), Carta archeologica della Lombardia. I. La Provincia di Brescia, Modena, 1991 CA Lecco S. Casini (ed.), Carta archeologica della Lombardia. IV. La Provincia di Lecco, Modena, 1994 CAV II L. Capuis, G. Leonardi, S. Pesavento Mattioli and G. Rosada (eds.), Carta archeologica del Veneto II, Modena, 1990 DizEp E. De Ruggiero (ed.), Dizionario epigrafico di antichità romane, Rome, 1895- EA Bologna E. Andreoli and A. Negrioli, Edizione archeologica della Carta d’Italia al 100.000, Foglio 87 Bologna, Florence, 1938 EA Ivrea P. Barocelli, Edizione archeologica della Carta d’Italia al 100.000, Foglio 42 Ivrea, Florence, 1959 EA Reggio Emilia M. Degani, Edizione archeologica della Carta d’Italia al 100.000, Foglio 74 (Città e provincia di Reggio Emilia), Florence, 1974 EA Vergato N. Nieri, Edizione archeologica della Carta d’Italia al 100.000, Foglio 98 Vergato, Florence, 1930 EncVirg Enciclopedia Virgiliana, Rome, 1984-1991 GAL Piemonte G. Cavalieri Manasse, G. Massari and M.P. Rossignani (eds.), Guide archeologiche Laterza. Piemonte, Valle d’Aosta, Liguria, Lombardia, Bari and Rome, 1982 Misurare 1984 Misurare la terra: centuriazione e coloni nel mondo romano. il caso mantovano, Modena, [1984] Milano capitale Milano capitale dell' Impero romano 286-402 d.c., Milan, 1990 Milano in età imperiale Milano in età imperiale, I-III secolo. Atti del Convegno di studi, 7 novembre 1992, Milan, 1996 Museo Archeologico Museo archeologico di Chieri. Contributi alla conoscenza del territorio in età romana,Turin, 1987 Novum Comum Novum Comum 2050. Atti del convegno celebrativo della fondazione di Como romana, Como, 1993 Römer Schweiz W. Drack and R. Fellmann, Die Römer in der Schweiz, Stuttgart, 1988 Storia di Milano Storia di Milano, I, Le origini e l’età romana, Milan, 1953 Storia di Piacenza Storia di Piacenza, I, Dalle origini all’anno Mille, Piacenza, 1990 TIR Mediolanum Tabula Imperii Romani L 32, Mediolanum–Aventicum–Brigantium, Rome, 1966 MAP 39 MEDIOLANUM 575 Names Grid Name Period Modern Name / Location Reference F3 Acerrae HRL Pizzighettone RE 2 E2 Addua fl. RL Adda Nissen I, 180, 188; II, 188-89 D5 Ad Figlinas R?L Fegino, Genoa? TIR Mediolanum 18 § Falinis A3 Ad Fines RL Drubiaglio di Avigliana TIR Mediolanum 18 H3 Ad Flexum/ R?L Colombare di Sirmione Tozzi 1972, 117 (n. 301); Sermione Mansio Bosio 1991, 102-103 F4 Ad Fonteclos R?L Fontanafredda? Marchetti 1990, 614 E3 Ad IX R?L Melegnano Tozzi 1990, 369 Ad Medias = Carbantia E5 Ad Monilia R?L Moneglia? TIR Mediolanum 19 §AdMunilia § Ammonilia D5 Ad Navalia R?L Cogoleto TIR Mediolanum 19 F3 Ad Padum R?L near Calendasco? Tozzi 1990, 370 I2 Ad Palatium See Map 40 F3 Ad Rota(s) R?L near Ospitaletto Tozzi 1990, 369 Lodigiano? E5 Ad Solaria L Chiavari? TIR Mediolanum 20 G4 Ad Tarum R?L Ponte Taro Dall’Aglio 1990, 71-72; Tozzi 1990, 369 B3 Ad VIII R?L Rivoli TIR Mediolanum 19 B3 Ad X R?L Brandizzo? ItBurd 556.10 E3 Ad X R?L Cascina Decima di Fraccaro 1957, 61 Lacchiarella A3 Ad XII See Map 17 G4 Aemilia See Map 40 D3 Agunia fl. R?L Agogna GeogRav 4.36 D5 Alba Docilia RL Albisola GAL Piemonte 175-77 C4 Alba Pompeia RL Alba GAL Piemonte 25-27 D3 Aliana RL? region of Alagna Pliny, NH 19.9 A2 Alpes Graiae See Map 17 A5 Alpes Maritimae FRA / ITL See Map 16 B3 Amalune fl. R?L Malone GeogRav 4.36 E3 Anamares HR? W Placentia, in Oltrepò RE §Anamari Pavese §Anares H3 Andes RL near Pietole EncVirg F2 Anesiates RL around Nese, Alzano CIL 5.5203; RE Lombardo F5 Antion C Anzo di Framura? TIR Mediolanum 25 F4 Ap(p)enninus M. See Map 1 C4 Aquae Statiellae RL Acqui Terme Antico Gallina 1986, 98-124 E2 Argentea R?L near Gorgonzola TIR Mediolanum 26 Argentia H3 Ari(o)lica RL Peschiera? CAV II, 78 § Arelica I2 At(h)esis fl. See Map 40 B4 Augusta Bagiennorum RL near Roncaglia, Bene GAL Piemonte 31-34 § Bagienni HR Vagienna RE A2 Augusta Praetoria RL Aosta GAL Piemonte 96-115 B3 Augusta Taurinorum RL Turin GAL Piemonte 43-51 G5 Auser fl.
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