I LIGURI APUANI Storiografia, Archeologia, Antropologia E Linguistica
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Politics and Policy: Rome and Liguria, 200-172 B.C
Politics and policy: Rome and Liguria, 200-172 B.C. Eric Brousseau, Department of History McGill University, Montreal June, 2010 A thesis submitted to McGill University in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Master of Arts. ©Eric Brousseau 2010 i Abstract Stephen Dyson’s The Creation of the Roman Frontier employs various anthropological models to explain the development of Rome’s republican frontiers. His treatment of the Ligurian frontier in the second century BC posits a Ligurian ‘policy’ crafted largely by the Senate and Roman ‘frontier tacticians’ (i.e. consuls). Dyson consciously avoids incorporating the pressures of domestic politics and the dynamics of aristocratic competition. But his insistence that these factors obscure policy continuities is incorrect. Politics determined policy. This thesis deals with the Ligurian frontier from 200 to 172 BC, years in which Roman involvement in the region was most intense. It shows that individual magistrates controlled policy to a much greater extent than Dyson and other scholars have allowed. The interplay between the competing forces of aristocratic competition and Senatorial consensus best explains the continuities and shifts in regional policy. Abstrait The Creation of the Roman Frontier, l’œuvre de Stephen Dyson, utilise plusieurs modèles anthropologiques pour illuminer le développement de la frontière républicaine. Son traitement de la frontière Ligurienne durant la deuxième siècle avant J.-C. postule une ‘politique’ envers les Liguriennes déterminer par le Sénat et les ‘tacticiens de la frontière romain’ (les consuls). Dyson fais exprès de ne pas tenir compte des forces de la politique domestique et la compétition aristocratique. Mais son insistance que ces forces cachent les continuités de la politique Ligurienne est incorrecte. -
1 Samnites, Ligurians and Romans Revisited John R. Patterson This
Samnites, Ligurians and Romans revisited John R. Patterson This volume has been peer-reviewed and will also be published by the Associazione Culturale “Cercellus” and GAL Alto Tammaro. 1 For Carlo Tartaglia Polcini 2 Contents/Indice Foreword (by Italo M. Iasiello) 4 Presentazione (di Italo M. Iasiello) 44 Preface 9 Prefazione 49 1. Introduction: problems and methodology 10 1. Introduzione: problemi e metodologia 50 2. The development of Rome and the conquest of Italy 14 2. Lo sviluppo di Roma e la conquista d’Italia 54 3. The expansion of the Roman Empire and the history of Samnium 16 3. L’espansione dell’impero romano e la storia del Sannio 56 4. Colonisation and the fall of the Republic 27 4. La colonizzazzione e le caduta della Repubblica 67 5. Municipal affairs at Ligures Baebiani 28 5. La vita municipale presso i Liguri Bebiani 69 6. Imperial generosity and rural poverty at Ligures Baebiani 32 6. Generosità imperiale e povertà rurale presso i Liguri Bebiani 73 7. The territory of the Ligures Baebiani 35 7. Il territorio dei Liguri Bebiani 75 8. Conclusions 40 8. Conclusione 81 Appendix: texts of inscriptions/Appendice: testi di iscrizioni 82 Abbreviations/Abbreviazioni 92 3 Foreword The publication of the first edition of Samnites, Ligurians and Romans, twenty-five years ago, has undoubtedly had a positive impact on the study of the valley of the Tammaro. The archaeological investigations initiated at Macchia di Circello in 1982 by Werner Johannowsky, an effective and generous Soprintendente, were extended into the territory from 1983 onwards by John Patterson, who was at that time studying at the British School at Rome. -
An Atlas of Antient [I.E. Ancient] Geography
'V»V\ 'X/'N^X^fX -V JV^V-V JV or A?/rfn!JyJ &EO&!AElcr K T \ ^JSlS LIBRARY OF WELLES LEY COLLEGE PRESENTED BY Ruth Campbell '27 V Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2011 with funding from Boston Library Consortium Member Libraries http://www.archive.org/details/atlasofantientieOObutl AN ATLAS OP ANTIENT GEOGRAPHY BY SAMUEL BUTLER, D.D. AUTHOR OF MODERN AND ANTJENT GEOGRAPHY FOR THE USE OF SCHOOLS. STEREOTYPED BY J. HOWE. PHILADELPHIA: BLANQHARD AND LEA. 1851. G- PREFATORY NOTE INDEX OF DR. BUTLER'S ANTIENT ATLAS. It is to be observed in this Index, which is made for the sake of complete and easy refer- ence to the Maps, that the Latitude and Longitude of Rivers, and names of Countries, are given from the points where their names happen to be written in the Map, and not from any- remarkable point, such as their source or embouchure. The same River, Mountain, or City &c, occurs in different Maps, but is only mentioned once in the Index, except very large Rivers, the names of which are sometimes repeated in the Maps of the different countries to which they belong. The quantity of the places mentioned has been ascertained, as far as was in the Author's power, with great labor, by reference to the actual authorities, either Greek prose writers, (who often, by the help of a long vowel, a diphthong, or even an accent, afford a clue to this,) or to the Greek and Latin poets, without at all trusting to the attempts at marking the quantity in more recent works, experience having shown that they are extremely erroneous. -
Tauole Della Geografia Antica, Moderna, Ecclesiastica E
. , 7^ / Jf''/ [y T A V OLE D E L L A , CIVILE MODERNA . ECCLESIASTICA E antica , OVERO divisione Stati Prouincie, Nelle fup principali Parti , Regioni, Regni, ^ Città , 6c altri luoghi rigu^rdeuoli Ohristian^ssimo » Opera cominciata da*' Signon SAMsoN Geografi del Re i * auole per t^na» altra ^^fporpAta in Italiano:, accrefciuta 4 gran numero di o volgare de* nomi antichi latini ^ l' enumeratione Geografia , con la fpiegatione in e del fidondo 3 i Gradi di latitudine , de* principali Fiumi 3 Laghi3 fidenti il Catalogo de ILefeouadi e longitudine delle Città principali ì di ciafichedteno Stato 3 Antichi 3 e J\dpderni 3 e IDominip nete del fidondo * e delle Religioni 3 Lingue 3 e fido DA FRAHCESCO DjSHNjt . I GLQ C QM LIC FNZ A VE SFPBR IO RI LE Agl’ Illuflrils."', & Ecceilentifs.'"' Signori * I SIGNORI D* INNOCENZO. D* CAMILLO. E D‘ GIROLAMO P A M P H I L I I* AUENDO l’Eccellcnzc U oftre potuto ritrarre dalla feria applicazione» con cui ogni giorno fi auanzanoneiracquifto delle feienze, quanto fia neceffario ad vn Principe anche quello del- la Geografia , non meno in riguardo delle no- tizie, le quali per fe ftelTa ci communica , che per lo lume , con ' cui ci fà Icona alla perfetta cognitione dell’ Hiftoria, non è da merauigliarfi , che fi fiano poi fEcccllenze Uoftre inuaghitc di 1 aggiongere qucfto à glialrri virtuofi eflcrcizij , con cui animo loronobilifsimocosìgloriofamentecoltiuano; onde bramofo lo di cooperare in qualche parte alla confeguzione del loro in- tento, ardifeo con tutta rhumiltàd offerire, e dedicare all Ec- cellenze -
ATLAS of CLASSICAL HISTORY
ATLAS of CLASSICAL HISTORY EDITED BY RICHARD J.A.TALBERT London and New York First published 1985 by Croom Helm Ltd Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2003. © 1985 Richard J.A.Talbert and contributors All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Atlas of classical history. 1. History, Ancient—Maps I. Talbert, Richard J.A. 911.3 G3201.S2 ISBN 0-203-40535-8 Master e-book ISBN ISBN 0-203-71359-1 (Adobe eReader Format) ISBN 0-415-03463-9 (pbk) Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication Data Also available CONTENTS Preface v Northern Greece, Macedonia and Thrace 32 Contributors vi The Eastern Aegean and the Asia Minor Equivalent Measurements vi Hinterland 33 Attica 34–5, 181 Maps: map and text page reference placed first, Classical Athens 35–6, 181 further reading reference second Roman Athens 35–6, 181 Halicarnassus 36, 181 The Mediterranean World: Physical 1 Miletus 37, 181 The Aegean in the Bronze Age 2–5, 179 Priene 37, 181 Troy 3, 179 Greek Sicily 38–9, 181 Knossos 3, 179 Syracuse 39, 181 Minoan Crete 4–5, 179 Akragas 40, 181 Mycenae 5, 179 Cyrene 40, 182 Mycenaean Greece 4–6, 179 Olympia 41, 182 Mainland Greece in the Homeric Poems 7–8, Greek Dialects c. -
Carrara Marble: a Nomination for 'Global Heritage Stone Resource
Downloaded from http://sp.lyellcollection.org/ at Books Editorial Committee on May 19, 2017 Carrara Marble: a nomination for ‘Global Heritage Stone Resource’ from Italy P. PRIMAVORI Dimension Stone International Consultant; Teacher in the Master ‘Architecture and Construction: contemporary design with natural stone’, Department of Architecture & Urban Studies, Politecnico of Milan, Italy (e-mail: [email protected]) Abstract: Carrara Marble, from Italy, probably one of the most famous dimension stones in the collective memory and in ordinary people, is here nominated as a suitable ‘Global Heritage Stone Resource’. Quarried since pre-Roman times, the Carrara marble is the testimonial of an area/industry that was able – for a variety of reasons not easily repeatable in future stone history – from the dawn of the stone sector, to trigger a flywheel effect on a global scale. Suitable for any environment and cultural context, this versatile marble has been appreciated in almost any field of application – from building to architecture, from fine arts to urban landscape, from funerary art to modern 3D design – probably reaching its highest point in the eternal works of famous sculpturers, artists and architects such as Michelangelo, Donatello, Jacopo Della Quercia, Canova, Bernini, and many others. It is currently excavated in more than 100 quarries, processed almost everywhere and sold all over the world. Carrara Marble takes its name from the Italian city erroneously used for a long time to define a multi- of Carrara where it has been quarried for more tude of different marbles (more than one hundred than 2000 years and is still being quarried to this commercial varieties) extracted in the whole Apuan day at a rate of about 1 500 000 tons per year. -
Military Defeats, Casualties of War and the Success of Rome
MILITARY DEFEATS, CASUALTIES OF WAR AND THE SUCCESS OF ROME Brian David Turner A dissertation submitted to the faculty of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of History. Chapel Hill 2010 Approved By: Advisor: Prof. R. J. A. Talbert Prof. F. Naiden Prof. D. M. Reid Prof. J. Rives Prof. W. Riess Prof. M. T. Boatwright © 2010 Brian David Turner ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT BRIAN DAVID TURNER: Military Defeats, Casualties of War and the Success of Rome (Under the direction of Richard J. A. Talbert) This dissertation examines how ancient Romans dealt with the innumerable military losses that the expansion and maintenance of their empire demanded. It considers the prose writers from Polybius (c. 150 B.C.E.) through Dio Cassius (c. 230 C.E.), as well as many items from the material record, including triumphal arches, the columns of Trajan and Marcus, and other epigraphic and material evidence from Rome and throughout the empire. By analyzing just how much (or how little) the Romans focused on their military defeats and casualties of war in their cultural record, I argue that the various and specific ways that the Romans dealt with these losses form a necessary part of any attempt to explain the military success of Rome. The discussion is organized into five chapters. The first chapter describes the treatment and burial of the war dead. Chapter two considers the effect war losses had on the morale of Roman soldiers and generals. -
Imp Plur N. 14
•Imp plur n. 14 9-01-2009 10:08 Pagina 1 14 •Imp plur n. 14 9-01-2009 10:08 Pagina 2 Pubblicazione periodica del Centro Internazionale sul Plurilinguismo dell’Università di Udine Direzione scientifica Roberto Gusmani - Vincenzo Orioles Direttore responsabile Vincenzo Orioles Redazione Raffaella Bombi Fabiana Fusco Gian Paolo Gri Carla Marcato Direttore del Centro Internazionale sul Plurilinguismo Carla Marcato Registrazione del Tribunale di Udine n. 19/93 del 27/12/93 •Imp plur n. 14 9-01-2009 10:08 Pagina 3 UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DI UDINE Centro Internazionale sul Plurilinguismo Numero monografico di 14 La legislazione nazionale sulle minoranze linguistiche IL MEDITERRANEO PLURILINGUE Atti del Convegno di Studi Genova, 13-15 maggio 2004 a cura di Vincenzo Orioles e Fiorenzo Toso 2007 •Imp plur n. 14 9-01-2009 10:08 Pagina 4 Gli articoli inviati alla redazione saranno sottoposti all’esame preliminare di almeno due referees. Il loro parere motivato verrà comunicato agli autori, che si impegnano ad apportare le correzioni eventualmente richieste. I testi non accettati per la pubblicazione non saranno restituiti. Centro Internazionale sul Plurilinguismo Università degli Studi di Udine via Mazzini, 3 33100 Udine Tel. 0039 0432 556460 - Fax 0039 0432 556469 e-mail: [email protected] internet: http://www.uniud.it/cip/ Plurilinguismo è un periodico annuale distribuito da Forum, Società Editrice Universitaria Udinese srl. Il prezzo dell’abbonamento per il volume 14 (2007) è di € 26,00 per i privati e di € 22,00 per i dipartimenti e le biblioteche. Le sottoscrizioni e le richieste di arretrati potranno essere inviate a Forum, via Larga 38, 33100 Udine, Italia. -
Dossier of the Apuan Alps Regional Park for Membership in the European and Global Geoparks Network Under the Auspices of Unesco
Apuane Geopark Application Dossier of the Apuan Alps Regional Park for Membership in the European and Global Geoparks Network under the auspices of Unesco Massa (Italy) 26th November 2010 A – DEFINITION OF THE EUROPEAN GEOPARK TERRITORY A.1 – NAME OF SITE APPLYING TO BECOME A EUROPEAN GEOPARK “Apuane Geopark” is the short name of the area proposed for membership in the European and Global Unesco Geoparks Network. In particular, the term “Apuane” named after the local mountain range which, in turn, is named after the Ligurian tribe that inhabited the area until the 3rd century B.C. The area proposed as Geopark comprises the whole ‘Apuan Alps Regional Park’ and its surrounding areas including adjacent quarries, as enshrined in Tuscany Regional Act No 65 of 11 August 1997 and subsequent amendments and supplements. A.2 – LOCATION The territory proposed as Geopark is situated in the Apuan Alps mountain subregion. It is located in central Italy or, more precisely, in north-west Tuscany, on the northern limits of the Italian peninsula, where the transition between the Middle-European and Mediterranean biogeographical regions occurs. The mountain range of the Apuan Alps rises in this transition area. It stretches from north-west to south-east separating from the Apennines to the west, which makes it geographically isolated. As a matter of fact, the Apuan subregion is well-defined and delimited by the river Serchio (to the north-east, east and south), torrent Aulella, tributary of river Magra (to the north and north-west) and the borders of the Apuan-Versilian plain (to the south-west) which briefly divides the mountain range from the Ligurian Sea. -
3. La Situazione Del Territorio Ligure Fino Alla Conquista Romana
Luigi Gambaro 37 3. LA SITUAZIONE DEL TERRITORIO LIGURE FINO ALLA CONQUISTA ROMANA 3.1. INQUADRAMENTO STORICO ra contro Cartagine, questo intervento militare, ci sarebbe stata la minaccia che il presumibile pros- 1. Il territorio alto-tirrenico prima della simo intervento cartaginese nell’isola, volto a conquista - la situazione tra le due guerre sedare la ribellione dei mercenari, avrebbe potuto puniche (240-220 a.C.) portare anche a Roma89. Altre fonti attribuiscono ai Cartaginesi la responsabilità di aver fomentato Il primo intervento militare romano contro i insurrezioni contro Roma ad opera di Sardi, Corsi Liguri si inserisce nel più vasto scenario dell’azio- e Liguri90. Oltre che in funzione apertamente anti- ne di Roma nel mar Tirreno, subito dopo la fine cartaginese un’altra motivazione dell’intervento della prima guerra punica, e si collega con le vicen- di Roma nel mar Tirreno e in quello Ligure sareb- de che riguardano la Sardegna e la Corsica8 5. Le be stata la pirateria praticata da Sardi, Corsi e fonti attribuiscono al console del 238 a.C., Ti. Sem- Liguri, forse col beneplacito di Cartagine, a danno pronio Gracco, una prima spedizione vittoriosa di commercianti romani ed italici e dell’alleata contro popolazioni liguri86, proprio mentre i Carta- Marsiglia91. ginesi venivano obbligati, sulla base di clausole Anche se è stato ipotizzato che la decisione di aggiuntive al trattato di Catulo del 241 a.C., a agire contro la pirateria non soddisfacesse generi- sgomberare la Sardegna e la Corsica, dove suben- ci interessi commerciali ma potesse essere ispirata trarono le truppe romane87. da una precisa strategia del Senato, al cui interno Una parte della storiografia moderna ha giu- almeno dal 236 a.C. -
Colonisation As Domestic Displacement in the Roman Republic
humanities Article (Re)moving the Masses: Colonisation as Domestic Displacement in the Roman Republic Evan Jewell Classical Studies Graduate Program, 826 Schermerhorn Hall, Columbia University, 1190 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10027, USA; [email protected] Received: 6 November 2018; Accepted: 20 March 2019; Published: 28 March 2019 Abstract: Metaphors move—and displace—people. This paper starts from this premise, focusing on how elites have deployed metaphors of water and waste to form a rhetorical consensus around the displacement of non-elite citizens in ancient Roman contexts, with reference to similar discourses in the contemporary Global North and Brazil. The notion of ‘domestic displacement’—the forced movement of citizens within their own sovereign territory—elucidates how these metaphors were used by elite citizens, such as Cicero, to mark out non-elite citizens for removal from the city of Rome through colonisation programmes. In the elite discourse of the late Republican and early Augustan periods, physical proximity to and figurative equation with the refuse of the city repeatedly signals the low social and legal status of potential colonists, while a corresponding metaphor of ‘draining’ expresses the elite desire to displace these groups to colonial sites. The material outcome of these metaphors emerges in the non-elite demographic texture of Julius Caesar’s colonists, many of whom were drawn from the plebs urbana and freedmen. An elite rationale, detectable in the writings of Cicero, Livy, Dionysius of Halicarnassus, and others, underpins the notion of Roman colonisation as a mechanism of displacement. On this view, the colony served to alleviate the founding city—Rome—of its surplus population, politically volatile elements, and socially marginalised citizens, and in so doing, populate the margins of its empire too. -
LA CAMPAGNA CONTRO I FRINIATES 179 A.C
LA CAMPAGNA CONTRO I FRINIATES 179 a.C. - 175 a.C. di Lanfranco Sanna Tutta la costa ligure da Pisa a Monaco è sotto il controllo di Roma, rimangono autonome le popolazioni del Piemonte meridionale ad ovest di Tortona (Bagienni, Statielli) e molte altre a nord dell'Appennino tosco-emiliano che si incuneano tra l'Etruria e l'Emilia: sono, queste ultime, riunite nella forte confederazione dei Friniates. Contro questi ultimi marcia nel 179 a.C. il console Quinto Fulvio Flacco, dopo aver attraversato «montagne senza sentieri e i gioghi del Ballista», forse il monte Valestra, riesce a impegnare il nemico in campo aperto, dove ancora una volta i legionari si dimostrano imbattibili: sono catturati 3.200 Liguri che sono subito trasferiti in pianura. Solo due anni dopo però ( 177 ) la rivolta riprende vigore proprio quando volge al termine la guerra contro gli Istri. Il Senato informa il console Caio Claudio Pulcro della situazione e gli lascia la facoltà di portarsi nel territorio dei Liguri. Il console porta le sue legioni contro i Friniates che si sono accampati nella spianata del fiume Scultenna (l’attuale torrente Scoltenna che, nato tra il monte Giovo e il passo dell’Abetone, va a formare il Panaro); affrontati in battaglia, i Liguri perdono 15.000 uomini tra morti e feriti, 700 prigionieri e 51 insegne, mentre i superstiti si rifugiano sui monti. In quello stesso anno è dedotta a Luna una colonia di 2.000 cittadini romani (Triumviri Publio Elio, Marco Emilio Lepido, Gneo Sicinio ). Ad ogni colono sono assegnati 51 iugeri e mezzo di terreno: una così cospicua assegnazione aveva un solo precedente e recentissimo, quello di Aquileia, a significare l'urgenza dei Romani di presidiare la zona.