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NISAR Science Workshop – 2014 Science Workshop – 2014 NISAR Space Applications Centre NISAR Mission Overview Tapan Misra (ISRO) & Paul Rosen (JPL) Space Applications Centre (SAC) NASA ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar (NISAR) NISAR Mission Overview Payload / Mission Characteristics Would Enable 1 L-band (24 cm wavelength) Low temporal decorrelation and foliage penetration 2 S-band (12 cm wavelength) Sensitivity to light vegetation 3 SweepSAR technique with Imaging Swath > Global data collection 240 km 4 Polarimetry (Single/Dual/Quad) Surface characterization and biomass estimation 5 12-day exact repeat Rapid Sampling 6 3 – 10 meters mode-dependent SAR resolution Small-scale observations 7 3 years science operations (5 years Time-series analysis consumables) 8 Pointing control < 273 arcseconds Deformation interferometry 9 Orbit control < 500 meters Deformation interferometry 10 > 30% observation duty cycle Complete land/ice coverage 11 Left/Right pointing capability Polar coverage, north and south th th *Mission Concept – Pre-decisional – for Planning and NISAR Science Workshop, SAC Ahmedabad – 17 & 18 Nov. 2014 2 Discussion Purposes Only Key Capabilities for NISAR Repeatable orbits and instrument pointing Swath width sufficient to cover ground-track spacing at equator Polarimetric synthetic aperture radar with “industry-standard” performance parameters valid over the full swath All imaging with the instrument boresight pointed 37 degrees off-nadir and +/- 90 degrees off the body-fixed velocity vector Orbit reconstruction to cm-scale accuracy for efficient interferometric processing and calibration Sufficient duty cycle and mission resources to strobe Earth’s land and ice on ascending and descending orbits each repeat cycle 24-hour turnaround on urgent retargeting and 5-hour latency for data designated as urgent th th *Mission Concept – Pre-decisional – for Planning and NISAR Science Workshop, SAC Ahmedabad – 17 & 18 Nov. 2014 3 Discussion Purposes Only NISAR Swath Coverage All science disciplines require frequent coverage over global targets NISAR approach would acquire sufficient swath to cover equatorial ground track extent Global access at desired time sampling and imaging characteristics ~236 km Earth-fixed ground track spacing at equator for 12-day repeat orbit th th *Mission Concept – Pre-decisional – for Planning and NISAR Science Workshop, SAC Ahmedabad – 17 & 18 Nov. 2014 4 Discussion Purposes Only NISAR S-SAR Operation – Multiple PRF Pulses Parameter Specification 12m diameter reflector Antenna with active-feed Transmit Gain/ 37dBi / 165Watt/Pol Power No. of Receive Beams/ No. of TR 24H and 24V Elements Receive Gain / 48dBi / 0.50 to 1.30 Beamwidth (elevation) 6-bit, 00 to 3600 , in TRM Phase Control steps of 5.6250 6-bit, 0 to 31.5dB,in TRM Gain Control steps of 0.5dB PRF 1850 – 2500Hz* 10µs to 40µs Variable Pulse Width in Steps Chirp Bandwidth 25/37.5/75MHz NISAR Science Workshop, SAC Ahmedabad – 17th & 18th Nov. 2014 6 NISAR Imaging and Orbit Geometry . Wide swath in all modes for global coverage at 12 day repeat (2-5 passes over a site depending upon latitude) . Data acquired ascending and descending 12 m dia. Reflector . Left/Right Pointing Capability (Right nominal) . Yaw flipping once in 6 months Observation Geometry 747km 33o 47o 6 AM / 6 PM Orbit Earth 98.5o inclination surface Arctic Polar Hole: 87.5R/77.5L Antarctic Polar Hole: 77.5R/87.5L th th *Mission Concept – Pre-decisional – for Planning and NISAR Science Workshop, SAC Ahmedabad – 17 & 18 Nov. 2014 7 Discussion Purposes Only NASA/ISRO Work Share ITEM ISRO NASA/JPL Spacecraft Bus System √ Spacecraft Operations √ Launch Vehicle √ Payload √ S-band SAR √ L-band SAR Reflector Boom Assembly √ Structure √ Solid State Data Recorder for √ S-and L-Band Science Data GPS Receiver √ Engineering Downlink √ Using ISRO ground stations Science Downlink √ Subset of S- and L-band science √ All science data to US Ground data to ISRO Ka-band ground station Station System AIT at JPL √ Support (S-band SAR I&T) √ Primary Observatory AIT at ISRO √ Primary √ Support Mission Design and √ Support √ Primary Navigation Science Planning √ Joint planning √ Joint planning Science Data System √ S & L-band algorithm development √ L & S-band algorithm development and distribution of S-band L0B, L1, L2, and delivery of L-band L0B, L1, L2, and and cal/val data to users cal/val data to DAAC Science Data Archive √ All S- and L-band data √ All S- and L-band data NISAR Science Workshop, SAC Ahmedabad – 17th & 18th Nov. 2014 8 NISAR Flight System Spacecraft bus (ISRO) ISRO I3K heritage bus with several modifications (structure, power switches and reaction wheels) L-band SAR (JPL) L-band SAR Electronics L-band Feed RF Aperture Radar Instrument Structure (RIS) Radar Antenna Boom (RAB) Radar Antenna Reflector (RAR) S-band SAR (ISRO) S-band SAR Electronics S-band Feed RF Aperture ISRO JPL th th *Mission Concept – Pre-decisional – for Planning and NISAR Science Workshop, SAC Ahmedabad – 17 & 18 Nov. 2014 9 Discussion Purposes Only NISAR Flight System Engineering Payload (JPL) Payload Communication Subsystem (PCS) ○ Ka-band high rate transmitter GPS Payload (GPSP) ○ GPS receiver Solid State Recorder (SSR) Payload Data Subsystem (PDS) Power Distribution Unit (PDU) Launch Vehicle (ISRO) Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) Mark-II ISRO JPL th th *Mission Concept – Pre-decisional – for Planning and NISAR Science Workshop, SAC Ahmedabad – 17 & 18 Nov. 2014 10 Discussion Purposes Only NISAR Configuration (Stowed) Radar Antenna Boom -JPL L-band Electronics - JPL Radar Instrument Structure S-band Electronics: ISRO Radar Antenna Reflector th th *Mission Concept – Pre-decisional – for Planning and NISAR Science Workshop, SAC Ahmedabad – 17 & 18 Nov. 2014 11 Discussion Purposes Only NISAR Mission Architecture (Uplink/commanding Process) ISRO NASA/JPL Joint Maneuver Design Maneuver Implementation JPL Flight System Operation Spacecraft Operations Ka Band Telecom Sequence .Navigation (ISAC/ISTRAC) ISRO Ka band Contact Schedule .Telecom etc S-SAR Commands L-SAR Commands Coordinate Observation Plan Instrument / Science / Operation JPL Instrument / Science (ISAC/ISTRAC) Observation Operation Joint Science Team Requirement th th *Mission Concept – Pre-decisional – for Planning and NISAR Science Workshop, SAC Ahmedabad – 17 & 18 Nov. 2014 12 Discussion Purposes Only NISAR Mission Architecture (Downlink Process) ISRO NASA/JPL Joint ISRO Ka-Band Ground Station S/C Engineering ISRO S-band Ground (NRSC-ISRO) Telemetry & Station (ISTRAC) Ancillary Data S/C Telemetry Spacecraft Operations ISAC Telemetry Display JPL HK Telemetry (ISAC/ISTRAC) JPL Flight System Operation Partial L&S Ephemeris GPS Data Files .POD & Navigation band Data Instrument / Science Operations Predicts JPL HK Telemetry .Telecom etc. (ISAC/ISTRAC) Precision Orbit JPL Instrument / Science L-SAR HK Science Data Processing (S- Products Operations Telemetry Band) – NRSC-ISRO JPL Science data Processing All L&S SAR Data All L&S SAR Data (L-Band) ISRO Science Data Archiving and S/C Ancillary Data Distribution– NRSC-ISRO NASA Science Data Archiving and Distribution th th *Mission Concept – Pre-decisional – for Planning and NISAR Science Workshop, SAC Ahmedabad – 17 & 18 Nov. 2014 13 Discussion Purposes Only NISAR Observation Concept Science targets are observed in specific fixed modes, with culling at high latitudes to reduce overlapped data takes “Background Land” satisfies deformation and biomass objectives Observation Strategy L-band S-band 1 Science Target Mode+ Mode 2 Background Land DP HH/HV 3 Land Ice SP HH 4 Sea Ice Dynamics SP VV 5 Urban Areas 6 QP HH/HV US Agriculture VV/VH 7 Himalayas CP RH/RV 8 India Agriculture 9 India Coastal Ocean QQP HH/VV 10 Sea Ice Types DP VV/VH th th *Mission Concept – Pre-decisional – for Planning and NISAR Science Workshop, SAC Ahmedabad – 17 & 18 Nov. 2014 14 Discussion Purposes Only NISAR Radar Mode Bandwidth Options 1215 – 1300 MHz L-band modes used for land and land-ice imaging include 5 MHz sideband “5 MHz” Useful for ionospheric correction “20+5 MHz” Used for all L-band polarization modes “40+5 MHz” Ensures interferometric compatibility independent of “80 MHz” bandwidth and polarization f 3162.5 – 3237.5 MHz “25 MHz” S-Band Modes have three “37.5 MHz” available Bandwidths “75 MHz” f th th *Mission Concept – Pre-decisional – for Planning and NISAR Science Workshop, SAC Ahmedabad – 17 & 18 Nov. 2014 15 Discussion Purposes Only NISAR Data Products S.No. Data Product Description Raw radar data and associated metadata, reformatted 1 Level 0B telemetry 2 Calibration Data Calibration parameters for high level data processing Precision Orbit 3 Precision orbit data derived from GPS Determination Data 4 Level 1 Full resolution images Reduced resolution images, interferogram and 5 Level 2 correlation, polarimetric backscatter, all in engineering and geocoded coordinates Level 3 Science Biomass, disturbance, ice and land displacements, in 6 Products for geocoded coordinates Cal/Val areas th th *Mission Concept – Pre-decisional – for Planning and NISAR Science Workshop, SAC Ahmedabad – 17 & 18 Nov. 2014 16 Discussion Purposes Only GSLV Launch Profile for NISAR Mission NISAR Science Workshop, SAC Ahmedabad – 17th & 18th Nov. 2014 17 Science Utilization Workshop Goals Inform and energize larger Indian community of NISAR Encourage scientific partnerships for data utilization Identify leveraging opportunities arising among interagency science programs Encourage new ways to use NISAR for new science NISAR Science
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