Science Workshop – 2014 NISAR Space Applications Centre
NISAR Mission Overview
Tapan Misra (ISRO) & Paul Rosen (JPL)
Space Applications Centre (SAC)
NASA ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar (NISAR) NISAR Mission Overview Payload / Mission Characteristics Would Enable 1 L-band (24 cm wavelength) Low temporal decorrelation and foliage penetration 2 S-band (12 cm wavelength) Sensitivity to light vegetation 3 SweepSAR technique with Imaging Swath > Global data collection 240 km 4 Polarimetry (Single/Dual/Quad) Surface characterization and biomass estimation 5 12-day exact repeat Rapid Sampling 6 3 – 10 meters mode-dependent SAR resolution Small-scale observations 7 3 years science operations (5 years Time-series analysis consumables) 8 Pointing control < 273 arcseconds Deformation interferometry 9 Orbit control < 500 meters Deformation interferometry 10 > 30% observation duty cycle Complete land/ice coverage 11 Left/Right pointing capability Polar coverage, north and south
th th *Mission Concept – Pre-decisional – for Planning and NISAR Science Workshop, SAC Ahmedabad – 17 & 18 Nov. 2014 2 Discussion Purposes Only Key Capabilities for NISAR
Repeatable orbits and instrument pointing Swath width sufficient to cover ground-track spacing at equator Polarimetric synthetic aperture radar with “industry-standard” performance parameters valid over the full swath All imaging with the instrument boresight pointed 37 degrees off-nadir and +/- 90 degrees off the body-fixed velocity vector Orbit reconstruction to cm-scale accuracy for efficient interferometric processing and calibration Sufficient duty cycle and mission resources to strobe Earth’s land and ice on ascending and descending orbits each repeat cycle 24-hour turnaround on urgent retargeting and 5-hour latency for data designated as urgent
th th *Mission Concept – Pre-decisional – for Planning and NISAR Science Workshop, SAC Ahmedabad – 17 & 18 Nov. 2014 3 Discussion Purposes Only NISAR Swath Coverage
All science disciplines require frequent coverage over global targets NISAR approach would acquire sufficient swath to cover equatorial ground track extent Global access at desired time sampling and imaging characteristics
~236 km Earth-fixed ground track spacing at equator for 12-day repeat orbit
th th *Mission Concept – Pre-decisional – for Planning and NISAR Science Workshop, SAC Ahmedabad – 17 & 18 Nov. 2014 4 Discussion Purposes Only
NISAR S-SAR Operation – Multiple PRF Pulses
Parameter Specification 12m diameter reflector Antenna with active-feed Transmit Gain/ 37dBi / 165Watt/Pol Power No. of Receive Beams/ No. of TR 24H and 24V Elements Receive Gain / 48dBi / 0.50 to 1.30 Beamwidth (elevation) 6-bit, 00 to 3600 , in TRM Phase Control steps of 5.6250 6-bit, 0 to 31.5dB,in TRM Gain Control steps of 0.5dB PRF 1850 – 2500Hz* 10µs to 40µs Variable Pulse Width in Steps Chirp Bandwidth 25/37.5/75MHz
NISAR Science Workshop, SAC Ahmedabad – 17th & 18th Nov. 2014 6 NISAR Imaging and Orbit Geometry
. Wide swath in all modes for global coverage at 12 day repeat (2-5 passes over a site depending upon latitude) . Data acquired ascending and descending 12 m dia. Reflector . Left/Right Pointing Capability (Right nominal) . Yaw flipping once in 6 months
Observation Geometry 747km
33o 47o 6 AM / 6 PM Orbit Earth 98.5o inclination surface Arctic Polar Hole: 87.5R/77.5L Antarctic Polar Hole: 77.5R/87.5L
th th *Mission Concept – Pre-decisional – for Planning and NISAR Science Workshop, SAC Ahmedabad – 17 & 18 Nov. 2014 7 Discussion Purposes Only NASA/ISRO Work Share
ITEM ISRO NASA/JPL Spacecraft Bus System √ Spacecraft Operations √ Launch Vehicle √ Payload √ S-band SAR √ L-band SAR Reflector Boom Assembly √ Structure √ Solid State Data Recorder for √ S-and L-Band Science Data GPS Receiver √ Engineering Downlink √ Using ISRO ground stations Science Downlink √ Subset of S- and L-band science √ All science data to US Ground data to ISRO Ka-band ground station Station System AIT at JPL √ Support (S-band SAR I&T) √ Primary Observatory AIT at ISRO √ Primary √ Support Mission Design and √ Support √ Primary Navigation Science Planning √ Joint planning √ Joint planning Science Data System √ S & L-band algorithm development √ L & S-band algorithm development and distribution of S-band L0B, L1, L2, and delivery of L-band L0B, L1, L2, and and cal/val data to users cal/val data to DAAC Science Data Archive √ All S- and L-band data √ All S- and L-band data NISAR Science Workshop, SAC Ahmedabad – 17th & 18th Nov. 2014 8 NISAR Flight System
Spacecraft bus (ISRO) ISRO I3K heritage bus with several modifications (structure, power switches and reaction wheels) L-band SAR (JPL) L-band SAR Electronics L-band Feed RF Aperture Radar Instrument Structure (RIS) Radar Antenna Boom (RAB) Radar Antenna Reflector (RAR) S-band SAR (ISRO) S-band SAR Electronics S-band Feed RF Aperture
ISRO JPL
th th *Mission Concept – Pre-decisional – for Planning and NISAR Science Workshop, SAC Ahmedabad – 17 & 18 Nov. 2014 9 Discussion Purposes Only NISAR Flight System
Engineering Payload (JPL) Payload Communication Subsystem (PCS) ○ Ka-band high rate transmitter GPS Payload (GPSP) ○ GPS receiver Solid State Recorder (SSR) Payload Data Subsystem (PDS) Power Distribution Unit (PDU) Launch Vehicle (ISRO) Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) Mark-II
ISRO JPL
th th *Mission Concept – Pre-decisional – for Planning and NISAR Science Workshop, SAC Ahmedabad – 17 & 18 Nov. 2014 10 Discussion Purposes Only NISAR Configuration (Stowed)
Radar Antenna Boom -JPL
L-band Electronics - JPL Radar Instrument Structure
S-band Electronics: ISRO
Radar Antenna Reflector
th th *Mission Concept – Pre-decisional – for Planning and NISAR Science Workshop, SAC Ahmedabad – 17 & 18 Nov. 2014 11 Discussion Purposes Only NISAR Mission Architecture (Uplink/commanding Process)
ISRO NASA/JPL
Joint
Maneuver Design Maneuver Implementation JPL Flight System Operation Spacecraft Operations Ka Band Telecom Sequence .Navigation (ISAC/ISTRAC) ISRO Ka band Contact Schedule .Telecom etc
S-SAR Commands L-SAR Commands Coordinate Observation Plan Instrument / Science / Operation JPL Instrument / Science (ISAC/ISTRAC) Observation Operation Joint Science Team Requirement
th th *Mission Concept – Pre-decisional – for Planning and NISAR Science Workshop, SAC Ahmedabad – 17 & 18 Nov. 2014 12 Discussion Purposes Only NISAR Mission Architecture (Downlink Process)
ISRO NASA/JPL
Joint
ISRO Ka-Band Ground Station S/C Engineering ISRO S-band Ground (NRSC-ISRO) Telemetry & Station (ISTRAC) Ancillary Data S/C Telemetry Spacecraft Operations ISAC Telemetry Display JPL HK Telemetry (ISAC/ISTRAC) JPL Flight System Operation Partial L&S Ephemeris GPS Data Files .POD & Navigation band Data Instrument / Science Operations Predicts JPL HK Telemetry .Telecom etc. (ISAC/ISTRAC) Precision Orbit JPL Instrument / Science L-SAR HK Science Data Processing (S- Products Operations Telemetry Band) – NRSC-ISRO JPL Science data Processing All L&S SAR Data All L&S SAR Data (L-Band) ISRO Science Data Archiving and S/C Ancillary Data Distribution– NRSC-ISRO NASA Science Data Archiving and Distribution th th *Mission Concept – Pre-decisional – for Planning and NISAR Science Workshop, SAC Ahmedabad – 17 & 18 Nov. 2014 13 Discussion Purposes Only NISAR Observation Concept
Science targets are observed in specific fixed modes, with culling at high latitudes to reduce overlapped data takes
“Background Land” satisfies deformation and biomass objectives
Observation Strategy L-band S-band 1 Science Target Mode+ Mode 2 Background Land DP HH/HV 3 Land Ice SP HH 4 Sea Ice Dynamics SP VV 5 Urban Areas 6 QP HH/HV US Agriculture VV/VH 7 Himalayas CP RH/RV 8 India Agriculture 9 India Coastal Ocean QQP HH/VV 10 Sea Ice Types DP VV/VH
th th *Mission Concept – Pre-decisional – for Planning and NISAR Science Workshop, SAC Ahmedabad – 17 & 18 Nov. 2014 14 Discussion Purposes Only NISAR Radar Mode Bandwidth Options
1215 – 1300 MHz L-band modes used for land and land-ice imaging include 5 MHz sideband “5 MHz” Useful for ionospheric correction “20+5 MHz” Used for all L-band polarization modes “40+5 MHz” Ensures interferometric compatibility independent of “80 MHz” bandwidth and polarization f 3162.5 – 3237.5 MHz
“25 MHz”
S-Band Modes have three “37.5 MHz” available Bandwidths
“75 MHz”
f
th th *Mission Concept – Pre-decisional – for Planning and NISAR Science Workshop, SAC Ahmedabad – 17 & 18 Nov. 2014 15 Discussion Purposes Only NISAR Data Products
S.No. Data Product Description Raw radar data and associated metadata, reformatted 1 Level 0B telemetry
2 Calibration Data Calibration parameters for high level data processing
Precision Orbit 3 Precision orbit data derived from GPS Determination Data
4 Level 1 Full resolution images
Reduced resolution images, interferogram and 5 Level 2 correlation, polarimetric backscatter, all in engineering and geocoded coordinates
Level 3 Science Biomass, disturbance, ice and land displacements, in 6 Products for geocoded coordinates Cal/Val areas
th th *Mission Concept – Pre-decisional – for Planning and NISAR Science Workshop, SAC Ahmedabad – 17 & 18 Nov. 2014 16 Discussion Purposes Only GSLV Launch Profile for NISAR Mission
NISAR Science Workshop, SAC Ahmedabad – 17th & 18th Nov. 2014 17 Science Utilization Workshop Goals
Inform and energize larger Indian community of NISAR Encourage scientific partnerships for data utilization Identify leveraging opportunities arising among interagency science programs Encourage new ways to use NISAR for new science
NISAR Science Workshop, SAC Ahmedabad – 17th & 18th Nov. 2014 18 NI-SAR Science Workshop (Organisational Participation: Spatial Distribution)
375 Participants from 50 Cities (83 Institutes/Organisations/Universities) NISAR Science Workshop, SAC Ahmedabad – 17th & 18th Nov. 2014 19 NI-SAR Science Workshop (Organisational Participation: Spatial Distribution) Percent Organisations/Institutes Per cent Participants
375 Participants from 83 Institutes/Organisations/Universities
NISAR Science Workshop, SAC Ahmedabad – 17th & 18th Nov. 2014 20 Summary NISAR Workshop : Organisational Participation ORIGIN PARTICIPANTS 1 US Participants 10 2 Academic Institutes/Engg. Colleges 14 3 Govt. Orgn/Institutes/Departments 38 4 ISRO/DOS 232 5 IITs/IISc/IIM 20 6 NITs 9 7 Private Sector 11 8 Universities 51 TOTAL 385
NISAR Science Workshop, SAC Ahmedabad – 17th & 18th Nov. 2014 21 US Participants for NISAR Science Workshop
1 Paul A. Rosen Project Scientist Jet Propulsion Laboratory
2 Scott Hensley Radar Scientist Jet Propulsion Laboratory
3 Benjamin M. Holt Research Scientist Jet Propulsion Laboratory
4 Alok Chatterjee Mission Interface Manager Jet Propulsion Laboratory Massachussets Institute of 5 Bradford H. Hager Professor of Geophysics Technology
6 Gerald W. Bawden Senior Research Scientist NASA Headquarters
7 Sanghamitra Dutta Program Executive NASA Headquarters
8 Ian R. Joughin Senior Research Scientist University of Washington
9 Josef M. Kelindorfer Senior Research Scientist Woods Hole Research Center
NISAR Science Workshop, SAC Ahmedabad – 17th & 18th Nov. 2014 22 Next Slide is a Video NISAR Mission Overview
Courtesy Dr. Rosen Paul (JPL)
NISAR Science Workshop, SAC Ahmedabad – 17th & 18th Nov. 2014 23 NISAR Science Workshop, SAC Ahmedabad – 17th & 18th Nov. 2014 24 Thank You
NISAR Science Workshop, SAC Ahmedabad – 17th & 18th Nov. 2014 25 NISAR Science Modes
Mode # Primary Science Target Freq POL BW [MHz] L1 Background Land L DP HH/HV 20+5 L2 Land Ice L SP HH 80 L3 Sea Ice Dynamics L SP VV 5 L4 Sea Ice Types L DP VV/VH 20+5 L5 Urban Areas, Himalayas L DP HH/HV 40+5 L6 US & India Agriculture L QP HH/HV/VH/VV 40+5 L7 Quasi-Quad Split Spectrum L DP HH/HV 20+ VV/VH 5 20 L8 Compact -POL L CP RH/RV 20 S1 Solid Earth /Ice/Veg/Coast/Bathymetry S Quasi-Quad 37.5 S2 Ecosystem/ Coastal Ocean/ Cryosphere S QDT HH/VV? 25 S3 Agriculture /Sea Ice S CP RH/RV 25 S4 Glacial Ice – High Resolution S CP RH/RV 37.5 S5 Deformation S SP HH (or SP VV) 25 S6 Deformation – Max Resolution S SP HH (or SP VV) 75 L: DP HH/HV 40+5 L5+S4 Glacial Ice – Himalayas L+S S: CP RH/RV 37.5 L: DP VV/VH 20+5 L4+S3 Sea Ice Types L+S S: CP RH/RV 25 L: QP HH/HV/VH/VV 40+5 L6+S3 India Agriculture L+S S: CP RH/RV 25 High-Res Deformation L: DP HH/HV 40+5 L5+S6 L+S (Disaster / Urgent Response) S: SP HH (or SPVV) 75
NISAR Science Workshop, SAC Ahmedabad – 17th & 18th Nov. 2014 26 S-SAR Development Schedule As per 2019 (Sept) Projected Launch Date
1st Year 2nd Year 3rd Year 4th Year 5th Year 6th Year 7th Year (2014) (2015) (2016) (2017) (2018) (2019) (2020) Quarters 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 B P C P Project Review Meetings D D D S R R R R ETM Development i TRiM Development ii Baseband H/W* iii Integration iv Checkout v Interface Testing at JPL Selective QM Development FM Hardware Development/Delivery i FM Procurement ii TRiM Development iii Baseband H/W iv Integration v Checkout and Delivery to JPL # JPL Integration and Delivery to ISAC ISAC Integration and Delivery to Launch Site Launch and Post Launch CAL/VAL Data Availability to Users** **Nominal mission life is 5 years from first operation in space
NISAR Science Workshop, SAC Ahmedabad – 17th & 18th Nov. 2014 27 Microwave Remote Sensing – Heritage/Future Mission Land Ocean Atmosphere Planetary Synthetic Aperture Radar RADIOMETERS MILLI-METER Dual (SAR) WAVE Frequency (L (Imaging Sensor For Land- DELIVERED SOUNDER & S-BAND) mapping With Civilian & Strategic Applications) 1. SAMIR On Bhaskara- SAR On 1(1978) Temperature Chandrayaan- SPACEBORNE: 2. SAMIR On Bhaskara- Sounding 2 DELIVERED: 2(1981) Unit (TSU) C-BAND SAR on Radar 3. Microwave Scanning Imaging Satellite (RISAT-1) Microwave Radiometer (2002-2009) (MSMR) On Oceansat- ONGOING: 1(1999) L-BAND SAR (RISAT-3) RISAT-1A (Repeat of RISAT- SCATTEROMETERS(Ku 1) band) NI-SAR (S-Band SAR) ( (2009) AIRBORNE: FLOWN: MADRAS On Airborne SAR (ASAR) (1992) Meghatrophiques (2011) Disaster Management SAR (DMSAR) – C-BAND (2005) ONGOING: Ku-BAND Scatterometer ONGOING: DMSAR – C-BAND (ScatSAT,OS-3) DMSAR - X-BAND MiniSAR – X Band GB Scatt Ground Penetration Radar
NISAR Science Workshop, SAC Ahmedabad – 17th & 18th Nov. 2014 28 SAC-ISRO SAR Projects – Heritage/Future Mission
Freq. Project 2011 Band 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 SLAR* X ASAR* C DMSAR* C RISAT-1 C Ch-II L&S MiniSAR* X RISAT-1A C L&S Band SAR* L&S NISAR S&L
Development Phase Spaceborne Missions
Launch Phase *Airborne Missions
Operational Phase Completed/Operational
Future Missions
NISAR Science Workshop, SAC Ahmedabad – 17th & 18th Nov. 2014 29