Science & Technology
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2 INDEX 1. Space Technology ............................................... 6 1.38 Juno Spacecraft ......................................................... 20 1.1 Types of Orbits ............................................................ 6 1.39 OSIRIS-REx ............................................................... 20 1.2 Types of Satellites ........................................................ 7 1.40 Orion Spacecraft ........................................................ 21 1.3 Launch Vehicles .......................................................... 7 1.41 Voyager 1 & Voyager 2 ............................................. 21 1.42 Dawn Mission ............................................................ 21 Indian Missions ........................................................ 10 1.43 Europa Clipper Mission............................................. 22 1.4 PSLV C-44/Kalamsat ................................................ 10 1.44 Lucy and Psyche ........................................................ 22 1.5 PSLV C-43/HysIS ...................................................... 10 1.45 Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) Mission .............. 22 1.6 HySIS ......................................................................... 11 1.46 CubeSat...................................................................... 23 1.7 PSLV C-42................................................................. 11 1.47 NICER ....................................................................... 23 1.8 PSLV C-41/IRNSS-1I................................................. 11 1.48 GOLD & ICON .......................................................... 23 1.9 PSLV-C40/Cartosat-2 ............................................... 11 1.49 IMAP ......................................................................... 23 1.10 Cartosat Series Satellite ............................................ 12 1.50 VISIONS – 2............................................................... 24 1.11 Other Notable missions of PSLV ............................... 12 1.51 Kilopower Project ...................................................... 24 1.12 GSAT – 31 ................................................................. 12 1.52 Asteroid Impact and Deflection Assessment Mission . 24 1.13 GSAT – 11 ................................................................. 12 1.53 TESS .......................................................................... 24 1.14 GSLV MK-III D2 / GSAT 29 ...................................... 13 1.54 TDRS-M ..................................................................... 24 1.15 Other Developmental & Experimental Flights of GSLV MK-III… ................................................................................. 13 1.55 EcAMSat Mission ...................................................... 24 1.16 GSLV F-11/GSAT -7A ............................................... 13 1.56 ICESat-2 and GRACE ................................................ 25 1.17 GSLV-F08/GSAT-6A ................................................. 13 1.57 GRACE FO ................................................................ 25 1.18 GSLV-F09 / GSAT-9.................................................. 13 1.58 OCO-3 Mission .......................................................... 25 1.19 INSAT-3DR ............................................................... 14 1.59 SUBSEA ..................................................................... 25 1.20 ExseedSAT – 1 ........................................................... 14 1.60 Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System .............. 25 Other Notable Missions ........................................... 14 1.61 Joint Polar Satellite System ....................................... 26 1.21 Gaganyaan ................................................................ 14 1.62 Cassini Space Craft ................................................... 26 1.22 Mission Venus ........................................................... 15 1.63 Rosetta ....................................................................... 26 1.23 Aditya-L1 Mission ..................................................... 15 Other Space Agencies .............................................. 26 1.24 AstroSat ..................................................................... 16 1.64 Gaia mission .............................................................. 26 1.25 Mars Orbiter Mission ................................................ 16 1.65 Belle II ....................................................................... 27 1.26 Chandrayaan ............................................................. 16 1.66 Aeolus Satellite .......................................................... 27 1.27 Chandrayaan-2 ......................................................... 17 1.67 Galileo ....................................................................... 27 1.28 NISAR ........................................................................ 17 1.68 BepiColombo mission ................................................ 27 Global Missions ........................................................ 17 1.69 ExoMars .................................................................... 27 NASA ......................................................................... 17 1.70 SENTINEL-5P ........................................................... 28 1.29 NASA Solar Probe ..................................................... 17 1.71 Tiangong-1 ................................................................ 28 1.30 FOXSI Mission .......................................................... 18 1.72 Queqiao ..................................................................... 28 1.31 Insight Mission .......................................................... 18 1.73 Chang’e 4 .................................................................. 29 1.32 Curiosity .................................................................... 18 1.74 HY-1C satellite .......................................................... 29 1.33 Opportunity Rover ..................................................... 19 1.75 Cargo Spacecraft and Lunar Palace ......................... 29 1.34 ASPIRE ..................................................................... 19 1.76 Quasi-Zenith Satellite System .................................... 29 1.35 MAVEN ..................................................................... 19 1.77 MINERVA-II1 ............................................................ 30 1.36 New Frontiers program ............................................. 19 1.78 Ibuki – 2 ..................................................................... 30 1.37 New Horizons ............................................................ 20 1.79 Kirameki -2 ................................................................ 30 1.80 Hope Mission ............................................................. 30 www.shankariasacademy.com || www.iasparliament.com 3 1.81 Israel Spacecraft ....................................................... 30 3.6 James Webb Telescope .............................................. 42 1.82 Venus Satellite ........................................................... 30 3.7 Kepler Telescope ....................................................... 42 1.83 Remove Debris Mission ............................................. 31 3.8 SPHEREx ................................................................... 42 1.84 Falcon Heavy ............................................................ 31 3.9 Giant Magellan Telescope ......................................... 42 2. Planetary Systems ............................................ 31 3.10 SPARCS telescope ..................................................... 42 2.1 Sun’s Atmosphere ...................................................... 31 3.11 Very Large Telescope ................................................ 43 2.2 Solar Cycles and Sun spots ....................................... 32 3.12 Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope ............................ 43 2.3 Presence of Water in the Moon ................................. 32 3.13 ARIES Telescope ........................................................ 43 2.4 Super Blood Wolf Moon ............................................ 32 3.14 X-Calibur Telescope .................................................. 43 2.5 Super Blood Blue Moon ............................................ 33 3.15 INO Project ............................................................... 43 2.6 Pink Moon ................................................................. 33 2.36 Green Propellants ...................................................... 44 2.7 Longest Lunar Eclipse of the Century ....................... 33 2.37 Indo-UN Small Satellites Programme ........................ 45 2.8 Kordylewski Clouds................................................... 33 3.16 Excitonium ................................................................. 45 2.9 Liquid Water Lake in Mars ....................................... 34 4. Defense .............................................................. 45 2.10 Definition of a Planet ................................................ 34 Artillery .................................................................... 45 2.11 Graveyard Orbits ...................................................... 34 4.1 Pinaka Mark I ............................................................ 45 2.12 Rogue Planet ............................................................. 35 4.2 Dhanush