DOCSLIB.ORG

India's Early Satellites – Spin-Stabilized and Bias Momentum

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
India's Early Satellites – Spin-Stabilized and Bias Momentum India’s Early Satellites – Spin-Stabilized and Bias Momentum ISRO Aryabhata – for Space Science (Launch date 19 April 1975) Aryabhata was India's first satellite It was launched by the Soviet Union from Kapustin Yar Mission type Astrophysics Satellite of Earth Aryabhata was built by the ISRO Launch date 19 April 1975 engineers to conduct Carrier rocket Cosmos-3M experiments related to X-ray astronomy, solar physics, and Mass 360.0 kg Power 46 W from solar panels aeronomy. Orbital elements Regime LEO The satellite reentered the Inclination 50.7º Orbital period 96 minutes Earth's atmosphere on 11 Apoapsis 619 km February 1992. Periapsis 563 km *National Space Science Data Center, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Bhaskara (Earth Observation) Satellites (launched in 1979-1981)* Bhaskara-I and II Satellites were built by the ISRO, and they were India's first low orbit Earth Observation Satellite.They collected data on telemetry, oceanography, hydrology. Bhaskara-I, weighing 444 kg at launch, was launched on June 7, 1979 from Kapustin Yar aboard the Intercosmos launch vehicle. It was placed in an orbital Perigee of 394 km and Apogee of 399 km at an inclination of 50.7°. The satellite consisted of- Two television cameras operating in visible (0.6 micrometre) and near-infrared (0.8 micrometre) and collected data related to hydrology, forestry and geology. Satellite microwave radiometer (SAMIR) operating at 19 GHz and 22 GHz for study of ocean-state, water vapor, liquid water content in the atmosphere, etc. The satellite provided ocean and land surface data. Housekeeping telemetry was received until re-entry on 17 February 1989. Bhaskara II, weighing 436 kg, was launched on November 20, 1981 from Kapustin Yar. It was declared operational after receipt of 300 television images of the Indian sub- continent. The housekeeping telemetry was still being received until 1991. It re- entered orbit on 30 November 1991. It was placed in an orbital Perigee and Apogee of 368 km and 372 km at an inclination of 50.7°. * Wikipedia BHASKARA I SPIN STABILIZED, SPIN-AXIS CONTROLLED APPLE (ARIANE PASSENGER PAYLOAD EXPERIMENT) – AN EARLY COMMUNICATION SATELLITE: LAUNCHED IN 1981 An experimental communication satellite with a C-band transponder Launched on June 19, 1981 by Ariane, a launch vehicle of the European Space Agency (ESA) from Centre Spatial Guyanais near Kourou (latitude 5 degrees 3 arcminutes) , French Guiana. It was India's first three-axis experimental Geostationary communication satellite. On July 16, 1981, the satellite was positioned at 102° E longitude. The 350 kg satellite served as testbed of the Indian telecommunications space relay infrastructure despite the failure of one solar panel to deploy. It was used in several communication experiments including relay of TV programmes and radio networking. It was a cylindrical spacecraft measuring 1.2 meters in diameter and 1.2 meter high. Its payload consisted of two 6/4 GHz transponders connected to a 0.9 meter diameter parabolic antenna. Stabilization Three-axis stabilized (biased momentum) with Momentum Wheels, Torquers & Hydrazine based Reaction control system It went out of service on September 19, 1983. "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ariane_Passenger_Payload_Experiment" ROHINI SATELLITE SERIES: EARLY REMOTE SENSING SATELLITES (LAUNCHED IN 1979-1983) A series of four technological / scientific experimental satellites, launched by India's own launch vehicle, SLV- 3. First one was used to measure the performance of SLV-3 (developed under Abdul Kalam), second and third carried landmark sensor payloads. Rohini 1A (Launched on: 10 August 1979) The launch of the SLV failed. Rohini 1B (Launched on: 18 July 1980) The launch of SLV was a success. The satellite provided data on the 4th stage of the SLV. Rohini 2 (Launched on: 31 May 1981) The launch of the SLV was a partial success as the satellite did not reach the intended height and thus it only stayed in orbit for 9 days. The satellite carried a solid state camera and performed to specifications. Rohini 3 (Launched on: 17 April 1983) The launch was a success and the satellite was in operation for five months, its main payload was a Smart sensor camera which took over 2500 pictures. The camera had the capability to take pictures both in Visible and infrared bands. .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Indian Satellite Navigation Programme
    UUssee ooff EEqquuaattoorriiaall oorrbbiitt ffoorr IInnddiiaann SSaatteelllliittee NNaavviiggaattiioonn PPrrooggrraammmmee Presentation by D. Radhakrishnan ISRO HQ, India COSPAR & IAF Workshop, 44th Session of S&T, 13th February 2007 INDIAN SPACE PROGRAMME - Achievements TODAY, 2007 Applications driven programme Self reliance in building & launching satellites ONE AMONG E November 21, 1963 L C I 22 THE H LV Missions E SIX V H NATIONS C N PSLV GSLV U 10 4 A A L GSAT-3 4466 P ++ 66 SS//CC MMiissssiioonnss 20.9.04 P L E INSAT-3A GSAT-2 I C T 10.04.03 08.05.03 I KALPANA-1 A L T L INSAT-2E INSAT- 4A 12.09.02 I E 03.04.99 22.12.05 O T N A INSAT-3E S S CARTOSAT-2 ARYABHATA 28.09.03 INSAT-3B INSAT-3C 10.01.07 19.04.75 22.03.00 24.01.02 IRS-P5 IRS-1C 05.05.05 28.12.95 IRS-P3 IRS-P6 21.03.96 TES IRS-P4 17.10.03 IRS-1D 26.05.99 22.10.01 29.09.97 GGGAAAGGGAAANNN IIIRRRNNNSSSSSS Indian Regional Navigational Space Based Augmentation System Satellite System GGlloobbaall NNaavviiggaattiioonn SSaatteelllliittee SSyysstteemm ((GGNNSSSS)) Core Constellations S S P P G GPS – USA G GLONASS – Russia S S S S A A GALIELO - European Union N N O O L L G Augmentation Systems G • Ground Based Augmentation System (GBAS) o o e e l l i i l l a • Aircraft Based Augmentation Systems (ABAS) a G G • Space Based Augmentation System (SBAS) GGAAGGAANN ((GGPPSS AAnndd GGEEOO AAuuggmmeenntteedd SSaatteelllliittee NNaavviiggaattiioonn)) Objective Satellite Based Augmentation System To provide for -- • Satellite-based Communication, Navigation, Surveillance • Air Traffic Management
    [Show full text]
  • Overview of Sensors for Applications
    OVERVIEW OF SENSORS FOR APPLICATIONS Deepak Putrevu Head, MTDD/AMHTDG EM SPECTRUM Visible 0.4-0.7μm Near infrared (NIR) 0.7-1.5μm Optical Infrared Shortwave infrared (SWIR) 1.5-3.0μm Mid-wave infrared (MWIR) 3.0-8.0μm (OIR) Region Longwave IR(LWIR)/Thermal IR(TIR) 8.0-15μm Far infrared (FIR) Beyond15μm Gamma Rays X Rays UV Visible NIR SWIR Thermal IR Microwave P-band: ~0.25 – 1 GHz Microwave Region L-band: 1 -2 GHz S-band: 2-4 GHz •Sensors are 24x365 C-band: 4-8 GHz •Signal data characteristics X-band: 8-12 GHz unique to the microwave region of the EM spectrum Ku-band: 12-18 GHz K-band: 18-26 GHz •Response is primarily governed by geometric Ka-band: 26-40 GHz structures and hence V-band: 40 - 75 GHz complementary to optical W-band: 75-110 GHz imaging mm-wave: 110 – 300GHz Basic Interactions between Electromagnetic Energy and the Earth’s Surface Incident Power reflected, ρP Reflectivity: The fractional part of the radiation, P incident radiation that is reflected by the surface. Power absorbed, αP Absorptivity: the fractional part of the = Power emitted, εP incident radiation that is absorbed by the surface. Power transmitted, τP Emissivity: The ratio of the observed flux emitted by a body or surface to that of a P= Pr + Pt + Pa blackbody under the same condition. 푃 푃 푃 푟 + 푡 + 푎 = 1 푃 푃 푃 Transmissivity: The fractional part of the ρ + τ + α =1 radiation transmitted through the medium. At thermal equilibrium, absorption and emission are the same.
    [Show full text]
  • Indian Payload Capabilities for Space Missions
    INDIAN PAYLOAD CAPABILITIES FOR 13, Bangalore - SPACE MISSIONS July 11 A.S. Kiran Kumar Director Space Applications Centre International ASTROD Symposium, Ahmedabad th 5 Application-specific EO payloads IMS-1(2008) RISAT-1 (2012) MX/ HySI-T C-band SAR CARTOSAT-2/2A/2B RESOURCESAT-2 (2011) (2007/2009/2010) LISS 3/ LISS 4/AWiFS PAN RESOURCESAT-1 (2003) LISS 3/ LISS 4 AWiFS CARTOSAT-1 (2005) (Operational) STEREOPAN Megha-Tropiques (2011) TES(2001) MADRAS/SAPHIR/ScARaB/ Step& Stare ROSA PAN OCEANSAT-2 (2009) OCM/ SCAT/ROSA YOUTHSAT(2011) LiV HySI/RaBIT INSAT-3A (2003) KALPANA-1 (2002) VHRR, CCD VHRR Application-specific EO payloads GISAT MXVNIR/SWIR/TIR/HySI RISAT-3 RESOURCESAT-3A/3B/3C L-band SAR CARTOSAT-3 RESOURCESAT-2A LISS 3/LISS 4/AWiFS PAN LISS3/LISS4/AWiFS RESOURCESAT-3 LISS 3/LISS 4/ CARTOSAT-2C/2D AWiFS (Planned) PAN RISAT-1R C-band SAR SARAL Altimeter/ARGOS OCEANSAT-3 OCM , TIR GISAT MXVNIR/SWIR/ INSAT- 3D TIR/HySI Imager/Sounder EARTH OBSERVATION (LAND AND WATER) RESOURCESAT-1 IMS-1 RESOURCESAT-2 RISAT-1 RESOURCESAT-2A RESOURCESAT-3 RESOURCESAT-3A/3B/3C RISAT-3 GISAT RISAT-1R EARTH OBSERVATION (CARTOGRAPHY) TES CARTOSAT-1 CARTOSAT-2/2A/2B RISAT-1 CARTOSAT-2C/2D CARTOSAT-3 RISAT-3 RISAT-1R EARTH OBSERVATION (ATMOSPHERE & OCEAN) KALPANA-1 INSAT- 3A OCEANSAT-1 INSAT-3D OCEANSAT-2 YOUTHSAT GISAT MEGHA–TROPIQUES OCEANSAT-3 SARAL Current observation capabilities : Optical Payload Sensors in Spatial Res. Swath/ Radiometry Spectral bands Repetivity/ operation Coverage (km) revisit CCD 1 1 Km India & 10 bits 3 (B3, B4, B5) 4 times/ day surround.
    [Show full text]
  • Oih Government of India Department of Space Rajya
    OIH GOVERNMENT OF INDIA DEPARTMENT OF SPACE RAJYA SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 874 TO BE ANSWERED ON THURSDAY, APRIL 30, 2015 SATELLITE LAUNCHED BY ISRO 874. SHRI RAMDAS ATHAWALE: Will the PRIME MINISTER be pleased to state: (a) the details of the satellites successfully launched so far by ISRO along with those satellites ISRO failed to launch; (b) whether there is any proposal to launch more satellites in near future, if so, the details thereof; and (c) whether Government proposes to enter the global market for images and statistics? ANSWER MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF PERSONNEL, PG & PENSIONS AND IN THE PRIME MINISTER’S OFFICE (DR. JITENDRA SINGH): (a) As on April 2015, Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has launched 74 satellites. Out of these, 7 satellites failed to reach the orbit due to launch failure and 3 satellites failed in orbit. In addition, ISRO has successfully launched 40 foreign satellites from 19 countries and 4 micro & nano satellites built by students of Indian Universities using Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV). The details are enclosed in Annexure-1 (b) Yes, Sir. 6 more satellites are planned to be launched during 2015-16. These are two Communication satellites GSAT-6 & GSAT-15; three Navigation satellites IRNSS-1E, IRNSS-1F & IRNSS-1G; and one Space science satellite ASTROSAT. In addition, it is also planned to launch 13 more satellites from four countries using Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle. The details are enclosed in Annexure-2. …2/- -2- (c) Antrix Corporation Ltd., the commercial arm of Department of Space is already marketing remote sensing data (images) from Indian Remote Sensing satellites in the global market through establishment of International Ground Stations and reseller network.
    [Show full text]
  • 25 Years of Indian Remote Sensing Satellite (IRS)
    2525 YearsYears ofof IndianIndian RemoteRemote SensingSensing SatelliteSatellite (IRS)(IRS) SeriesSeries Vinay K Dadhwal Director National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC), ISRO Hyderabad, INDIA 50 th Session of Scientific & Technical Subcommittee of COPUOS, 11-22 Feb., 2013, Vienna The Beginning • 1962 : Indian National Committee on Space Research (INCOSPAR), at PRL, Ahmedabad • 1963 : First Sounding Rocket launch from Thumba (Nov 21, 1963) • 1967 : Experimental Satellite Communication Earth Station (ESCES) established at Ahmedabad • 1969 : Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) established (15 August) PrePre IRSIRS --1A1A SatellitesSatellites • ARYABHATTA, first Indian satellite launched in April 1975 • Ten satellites before IRS-1A (7 for EO; 2 Met) • 5 Procured & 5 SLV / ASLV launch SAMIR : 3 band MW Radiometer SROSS : Stretched Rohini Series Satellite IndianIndian RemoteRemote SensingSensing SatelliteSatellite (IRS)(IRS) –– 1A1A • First Operational EO Application satellite, built in India, launch USSR • Carried 4-band multispectral camera (3 nos), 72m & 36m resolution Satellite Launch: March 17, 1988 Baikanur Cosmodrome Kazakhstan SinceSince IRSIRS --1A1A • Established of operational EO activities for – EO data acquisition, processing & archival – Applications & institutionalization – Public services in resource & disaster management – PSLV Launch Program to support EO missions – International partnership, cooperation & global data sets EarlyEarly IRSIRS MultispectralMultispectral SensorsSensors • 1st Generation : IRS-1A, IRS-1B •
    [Show full text]
  • History of the Indian Remote Sensing Programme
    History of the Indian Remote Sensing Programme Ranganath Navalgund Vikram Sarabhai Distinguished Professor Indian Space Research Organisation Bangalore, India Workshop on Small Satellites & Sensor Technology for Disaster Management, Indo-US S&T Forum CANEUSMarch SSTDM 31, 2014 2014 BEGINNING Stared with the pioneering experiment of detecting Coconut Root Wilt Disease using Color Infrared Film in 1970s by Prof. P. R. Pisharoty. Jun 07,1979 Bhaskara-I (1979) and Bhaskara-II (1981) – Experimental Remote Sensing Satellites provided the Aerial view of Grove Area foundation for the operational Indian Remote Sensing Programme. Nov 20, 1981 (Coconut Root Wilt Disease Study) The Result is operational Indian Remote Sensing Programme with the launch of IRS-1A on March 17, 1988 CANEUS SSTDM 2014 DURING 1980s NRSA established Earth Station Complex at Annaram Village, Shadnagar, 59 km from Balanagar in 1979 to receive Landsat Data TERMINAL-1 (10M DIA) L & S Band 15 Mbps 1980-83: Landsat 2,3 & NOAA- 2, 3 1983-88: Landsat 5, ERS, SPOT & NOAA Today: Multimission ScenarioCANEUS - 4 SSTDMTerminals 2014 (7.5m) - upto 960Mbps EVOLUTION OF (Microwave RISAT-1 (2012) Capability) INDIAN EO SYSTEMS C Band SAR (5.35 GHz) IMS-1 (2008) (Hyperspectral HySI Sensor (64 bands, 506 m) Capability) TWSAT-MX (4 bands, 37 m) TES, Cartosat-1, 2/2A/2B (1999, (High Spatial Resolution 2005, 2007, 2008, 2010) & Stereo Capability) PAN : 2.5 m, 1m Fore +26o Aft: -5o Resourcesat-1/2 (2003, 2011) (Multi resolution, Frequent LISS-3: 23 m, 4 XS, observations, Better LISS-4: 5.8
    [Show full text]
  • India and China Space Programs: from Genesis of Space Technologies to Major Space Programs and What That Means for the Internati
    University of Central Florida STARS Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 2009 India And China Space Programs: From Genesis Of Space Technologies To Major Space Programs And What That Means For The Internati Gaurav Bhola University of Central Florida Part of the Political Science Commons Find similar works at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd University of Central Florida Libraries http://library.ucf.edu This Masters Thesis (Open Access) is brought to you for free and open access by STARS. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 by an authorized administrator of STARS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STARS Citation Bhola, Gaurav, "India And China Space Programs: From Genesis Of Space Technologies To Major Space Programs And What That Means For The Internati" (2009). Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019. 4109. https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd/4109 INDIA AND CHINA SPACE PROGRAMS: FROM GENESIS OF SPACE TECHNOLOGIES TO MAJOR SPACE PROGRAMS AND WHAT THAT MEANS FOR THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY by GAURAV BHOLA B.S. University of Central Florida, 1998 A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Political Science in the College of Arts and Humanities at the University of Central Florida Orlando, Florida Summer Term 2009 Major Professor: Roger Handberg © 2009 Gaurav Bhola ii ABSTRACT The Indian and Chinese space programs have evolved into technologically advanced vehicles of national prestige and international competition for developed nations. The programs continue to evolve with impetus that India and China will have the same space capabilities as the United States with in the coming years.
    [Show full text]
  • Glimpses of Indian Space Programme
    Presentation at the M. V. DHEKANE, International Symposium Associate Director (R&D) in Tokyo, on Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Stable use of Outer Space Indian Space Research Organisation 1 during March 3-4, 2016 Trivandrum, India “There are some who question the relevance of space activities in a developing nation. To us, there is no ambiguity of purpose. We are convinced that if we are to play a meaningful role in the comity of nations we should be second to none in the applications of advanced technologies to the real problems of man and Society.” Dr. Vikram A Sarabhai 2 The First Indian Rockets…. Rohini-75 (RH-75) The First rocket made by India and launched from Thumba 20-Nov-1967 Nike-Apache The First sounding rocket launched from Thumba 21-Nov-1963 3 Sounding Rockets 4 ISRO Launch vehicles SLV-3 to GSLV MkIII • GTO Mission • Cryogenics • Maraging Steel, Large Booster • Strap-on Technology • Liquid Propulsion • Closed loop Guidance • Gimbal Control, Flex Nozzle • Onboard RTD • Multiple Satellites injection • Bulbous Heat Shield • Vertical Integration • Solid propulsion • Inertial Systems • Open loop guidance • Orbital Mission GSLV Mk III • Heavy Cryogenics GSLV • Large solid & liquid (2000) Boosters 10000 4500 SLV-3 ASLV PSLV (1994) (1980) (1988) 3000 LEO PAYLOADS (KG) GSLV Mk III Launch Vehicle SLV ASLV PSLV GSLV (Under development) Lift-off weight 17 40 295 450 635 (Tonnes) Payload (kg) 40 (LEO) 150 (LEO) 1600 (SSO) 2000 (GTO) 4000 (GTO) 5 Indian Space programme VISION: Harness space technology for national development, while pursuing
    [Show full text]
  • Indian Remote Sensing Missions
    ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This book, “Indian Remote Sensing Missions and Payloads - A Glance” is an attempt to provide in one place the information about all Indian Remote Sensing and scientific missions from Aryabhata to RISAT-1 including some of the satellites that are in the realization phase. This document is compiled by IRS Program Management Engineers from the data available at various sources viz., configuration data books, and other archives. These missions are culmination of the efforts put by all scientists, Engineers, and supporting staff across various centres of ISRO. All their works are duly acknowledged Indian Remote Sensing Missions & Payloads A Glance IRS Programme Management Office Prepared By P. Murugan P.V.Ganesh PRKV Raghavamma Reviewed By C.A.Prabhakar D.L.Shirolikar Approved By Dr.M. Annadurai Program Director, IRS & SSS ISRO Satellite Centre Indian Space Research Organisation Bangalore – 560 017 Table of Contents Sl.No Chapter Name Page No Introduction 1 1 Aryabhata 1.1 2 Bhaskara 1 , 2 2.1 3. Rohini Satellites 3.1 4 IRS 1A & 1B 4.1 5 IRS-1E 5.1 6 IRS-P2 6.1 7 IRS-P3 7.1 8 IRS 1C & 1D 8.1 9 IRS-P4 (Oceansat-1) 9.1 10 Technology Experiment Satellite (TES) 10.1 11 IRS-P6 (ResourceSat-1) 11.1 12 IRS-P5 (Cartosat-1) 12.1 13 Cartosat 2,2A,2B 13.1 14 IMS-1(TWSAT) 14.1 15 Chandrayaan-1 15.1 16 Oceansat-2 16.1 17 Resourcesat-2 17.1 18 Youthsat 18.1 19 Megha-Tropiques 19.1 20 RISAT-1 20.1 Glossary References INTRODUCTION The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) planned a long term Satellite Remote Sensing programme in seventies, and started related activities like conducting field & aerial surveys, design of various types of sensors for aircraft surveys and development of number of application/utilization approaches.
    [Show full text]
  • Access to Space Through Isro Launch Vehicles
    Volume -2, Issue-4, October 2012 ACCESS TO SPACE THROUGH ISRO subsystems of a complex launch vehicle but also the maturity attained in conceiving, designing and realizing LAUNCH VEHICLES other vital elements viz., control, guidance, navigation Introduction : and staging systems. The nation’s capability to plan, integrate and carry out a satellite launch mission which is Climbing out of the Earth’s gravity well and transcending truly a multi-disciplinary technological challenge was the dense atmospheric shield is the most energy intensive proved on July 18, 1980 when India successfully orbited crucial first step in the journey into space and the Launch Rohini-1 satellite on SLV-3 E02 flight. Vehicles are the primary viable means of accomplishing this task. India acquired the capability to orbit a satellite While the sub-orbital sounding rockets which just carry in 1980, when SLV-3 the indigenously developed all the payload instruments upto a height of 100 to 200 solid launcher deployed the 40 kg Rohini satellite around kilometers have very few sub-systems apart from the earth. Tremendous progress has been made in this area propulsive device, a Satellite Launcher which has to in the last three decades and today, India is one among import a velocity of around 8 km/sec and precisely the leading space-faring nations with assured access to deliver the payload into a pre targeted injection vector in space through the work-horse operational launcher space has far more complex systems all of which have to PSLV, the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle. function flawlessly for a successful orbital mission.
    [Show full text]
  • The Aryabhata Project
    THE ARYABHATA PROJECT Edited by U. R, RAO, K. KASTURIRANGAN - ! - .’ j: ||)| if ijj} ' ' fpfjf- INDIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Bangalore 660 006 Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2018 with funding from Public.Resource.Org https://archive.org/details/aryabhataprojectOOunse THE ARYABHATA PROJECT Edited by U. R. RAO, K. KASTURIRANGAN ISRO Satellite Centre, Bangalore INDIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Bangalore 560 006 © 1979 by the Indian Academy of Sciences Reprinted from the Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences, Section C: Engineering Sciences, Volume 1, pp. 117-343, 1978 Edited by U R Rao, K Kasturirangan and printed for the Indian Academy of Sciences by Macmillan India Press, Madras 600 002, India Foreword Space exploration and space travel have been the dream of mankind since early ages. When the first sputnik was launched into space in 1957 by USSR, the entire world was dramatically ushered into the space age. With the remarkable develop¬ ments that have taken place in space sciences and technology during the last two decades, some of mankind’s wildest dreams and visions—such as men walking on the moon, close-up pictures of Venus, Mars and Jupiter, in-situ exploration of planets, space docking near earth, space shuttle transportation—have all come true. The space era has opened up new windows into the skies, enabling scientists to obtain a view of the universe in X-rays and in ultraviolet, infrared and gamma rays, which had been inaccessible earlier. Developments in space technology now offer unique plat¬ forms to carry out remote sensing of our natural resources and unearth new ones in agriculture, forestry, mineralogy, hydrology, oceanography, geography and even cartography.
    [Show full text]
  • PT-365-Science-And-Tech-2020.Pdf
    SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Table of Contents 1. BIOTECHNOLOGY ___________________ 3 3.11. RFID ___________________________ 29 1.1. DNA Technology (Use & Application) 3.12. Miscellaneous ___________________ 29 Regulation Bill ________________________ 3 4. DEFENCE TECHNOLOGY _____________ 32 1.2. National Guidelines for Gene Therapy __ 3 4.1. Missiles _________________________ 32 1.3. MANAV: Human Atlas Initiative _______ 5 4.2. Submarine and Ships _______________ 33 1.4. Genome India Project _______________ 6 4.3. Aircrafts and Helicopters ____________ 34 1.5. GM Crops _________________________ 6 4.4. Other weapons system _____________ 35 1.5.1. Golden Rice ________________________ 7 4.5. Space Weaponisation ______________ 36 2. SPACE TECHNOLOGY ________________ 8 4.6. Drone Regulation __________________ 37 2.1. ISRO _____________________________ 8 2.1.1. Gaganyaan _________________________ 8 4.7. Other important news ______________ 38 2.1.2. Chandrayaan 2 _____________________ 9 2.1.3. Geotail ___________________________ 10 5. HEALTH _________________________ 39 2.1.4. NaVIC ____________________________ 11 5.1. Viral diseases _____________________ 39 2.1.5. GSAT-30 __________________________ 12 5.1.1. Polio _____________________________ 39 2.1.6. GEMINI __________________________ 12 5.1.2. New HIV Subtype Found by Genetic 2.1.7. Indian Data Relay Satellite System (IDRSS) Sequencing _____________________________ 40 ______________________________________ 13 5.1.3. Other viral Diseases _________________ 40 2.1.8. Cartosat-3 ________________________ 13 2.1.9. RISAT-2BR1 _______________________ 14 5.2. Bacterial Diseases _________________ 40 2.1.10. Newspace India ___________________ 14 5.2.1. Tuberculosis _______________________ 40 2.1.11. Other ISRO Missions _______________ 14 5.2.1.1. Global Fund for AIDS, TB and Malaria42 5.2.2.
    [Show full text]