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1 2 INTRODUCTION I RAJASTHAN AS A STATE Rajasthan, located in the north western part of India, is the largest State with an area of 342,239 square kilometers and a population of 56,507,188 as per the final results of Census 2001. As per Provision Population Totals of Census 2011, the population of Rajasthan is 68,621,012. Geographically it is bounded by Punjab in north, Uttar Pradesh in east, Madhya Pradesh in south and by the border of Pakistan in the west. Topography of Rajasthan presents a natural contrast among the chain of mountains on one side and sandy plains for hundred of miles of Thar desert on the other. The contrast can also be found between the grid Plateaus on one side and a number of natural lakes on the other. It is quite expected that such mixed natural properties may also provide some linguistic diversity. Rajasthan was constituted as a state of the Indian Union on November 1, 1956. At present, it has 33 districts while it had 32 districts as per Census 2001. The district wise population of Rajasthan state along with Rural – Urban distribution as per 2001 Census is presented below. RAJASTHAN Total Rural Urban P 56,507,188 43,292,813 13,214,375 M 29,420,011 22,426,640 6,993,371 F 27,087,177 20,866,173 6,221,004 GANGANAGAR P 1,789,423 1,336,066 453,357 M 955,378 709,710 245,668 F 834,045 626,356 207,689 HANUMANGARH P 1,518,005 1,214,467 303,538 M 801,486 639,921 161,565 F 716,519 574,546 141,973 BIKANER P 1,674,271 1,079,235 595,036 M 886,075 568,904 317,171 F 788,196 510,331 277,865 CHURU P 1,923,878 1,387,682 536,196 M 997,781 710,681 277,100 F 936,097 677,001 259,096 JHUNJHUNUN P 1,913,689 1,518,573 395,116 M 983,526 775,776 207,750 F 930,163 742,797 187,366 ALWAR P 2,992,592 2,557,653 434,939 M 1,586,752 1,349,768 236,984 3 F 1,405,840 1,207,885 197,955 BHARATPUR P 2,101,142 1,692,182 408,960 M 1,133,425 914,034 219,391 F 967,717 778,148 189,569 DHAULPUR P 983,258 806,640 176,618 M 538,103 443,006 95,097 F 445,155 363,634 81,521 KARAULI P 1,209,665 1,037,720 171,945 M 651,998 560,375 91,623 F 557,667 477,345 80,322 SAWAI MADHOPUR P 1,117,057 904,417 212,640 M 591,307 478,716 112,591 F 525,750 425,701 100,049 DAUSA P 1,317,063 1,181,245 135,818 M 693,438 621,591 71,847 F 623,625 559,654 63,971 JAIPUR P 5,251,071 2,659,004 2,592,067 M 2,768,203 1,389,167 1,379,036 F 2,482,868 1,269,837 1,213,031 SIKAR P 2,287,788 1,815,250 472,538 M 1,172,753 927,195 245,558 F 1,115,035 888,055 226,980 NAGAUR P 2,775,058 2,297,721 477,337 M 1,424,967 1,175,976 248,991 F 1,350,091 1,121,745 228,346 JODHPUR P 2,886,505 1,909,423 977,082 M 1,513,890 994,172 519,718 F 1,372,615 915,251 457,364 JAISALMER P 508,247 431,853 76,394 M 279,101 236,309 42,792 F 229,146 195,544 33,602 BARMER P 1,964,835 1,819,431 145,404 M 1,038,247 959,844 78,403 F 926,588 859,587 67,001 JALOR P 1,448,940 1,338,946 109,994 M 737,880 679,673 58,243 F 711,060 659,309 51,751 SIROHI P 851,107 700,217 150,890 M 437,949 357,178 80,771 F 413,158 343,039 70,119 PALI P 1,820,251 1,429,364 390,887 M 918,856 714,698 204,158 F 901,395 714,666 186,729 AJMER P 2,181,670 1,306,994 874,676 4 M 1,129,920 669,903 460,017 F 1,051,750 637,091 414,659 TONK P 1,211,671 958,503 253,168 M 626,436 496,092 130,344 F 585,235 462,411 122,824 BUNDI P 962,620 783,058 179,562 M 504,818 410,483 94.335 F 457,802 372,575 85,227 BHILWARA P 2,013,789 1,598,938 414,851 M 1,026,650 807,979 218,671 F 987,139 790,959 196,180 RAJSAMAND P 987,024 858,301 128,723 M 493,459 426,630 66,829 F 493,565 431,671 61,894 UDAIPUR P 2,633,312 2,142,995 490,317 M 1,366,004 1,078,441 257,563 F 1,297,308 1,064,554 232,754 DUNGARPUR P 1,107,643 1,026,787 80,856 M 547,791 505,664 42,127 F 559,852 521,123 38,729 BANSWARA P 1,501,589 1,394,226 107,363 M 760,686 705,110 55,576 F 740,903 689,116 51,787 CHITTAURGARH P 1,803,524 1,514,255 289,269 M 918,063 767,555 150,508 F 885,461 746,700 138,761 KOTA P 1,568,525 729,948 838,577 M 827,128 382,495 444,633 F 741,397 347,453 393,944 BARAN P 1,021,653 849,638 172,015 M 535,137 445,205 89,932 F 486,526 404,433 82,083 JHALWAR P 1,180,323 1,012,081 168,242 M 612,804 524,425 88,379 F 567,519 487,656 79,863 [Ref: Census of India 2001, Primary Census Abstract, pp 66-82]. 5 The population of Rajasthan state as per latest Census result of 2011 is as follows . Population of Rajasthan State - 2011 Census Sl.No. State / District Population 1 2 3 Rajasthan 68,621,012 1 Jaipur 6,663,971 2 Jodhpur 3,685,681 3 Alwar 3,671,999 4 Nagaur 3,309,234 5 Udaipur 3,067,549 6 Sikar 2,677,737 7 Barmer 2,604,453 8 Ajmer 2,584,913 9 Bharatpur 2,549,121 10 Bhilwara 2,410,459 11 Bikaner 2,367,745 12 Jhunjhunun 2,139,658 13 Churu 2,041,172 14 Pali 2,038,533 15 Ganganagar 1,969,520 16 Kota 1,950,491 17 Jalor 1,830,151 18 Banswara 1,798,194 19 Hanumangarh 1,779,650 20 Dausa 1,637,226 21 Chittaurgarh 1,544,392 22 Karauli 1,458,459 23 Tonk 1,421,711 24 Jhalawar 1,411,327 25 Dungarpur 1,388,906 26 Sawai Madhopur 1,338,114 27 Baran 1,223,921 28 Dhaulpur 1,207,293 29 Rajsamand 1,158,283 30 Bundi 1,113,725 31 Sirohi 1,037,185 32 Pratapgarh* 868,231 33 Jaisalmer 672,008 *A new District in 2011 [Ref. CENSUS OF INDIA 2011 Provisional Population Totals Paper 1 of 2011. RAJASTHAN] 6 II BRIEF HISTORY OF RAJASTHAN The present Rajasthan, as one of the States of Indian Union, has been constituted on 1st November, 1956 under the State Reorganisation Act, 1956. It came into being through the several stages of the merger of erstwhile princely states of old Rajasthan, former state of Ajmer- Marwar, and two khudmukhtair thikanas as well as through transfer of small enclaves from Rajasthan to the neighbouring states. (People of India, Rajasthan, Singh, 1998. p-12). Accordingly, the history of Rajasthan in the form of United Rajasthan state dates back from 28th February/ 18th March, 1948 to 1st November, 1956. In the historic past, the constituent regions of the present Rajasthan were known by various names. The northern of the regions was known as ‘Jangal’ , the eastern as ‘Matsya’, the southern as Medpaāt, Vāgad, Prāgvāt, Mālaw and Gurjratrā, the western as Maru, Mād, Vall, Travanī, the south-eastern as Śivi and the Central region known as Arbud and Sapādalaksa. The above regions were termed as Rajpūtānā by George Thomas in his ‘Military Memoirs’ or the consideration that the regions were ruled by Rājput chiefs. The word ‘Rajasthan’ was first used by Colonel Tod in his book “Annals and Antiquities of Rajasthan” (1877). Though both the names namely Rajputana and Rajasthan were used simultaneously to denote the region, the name ‘Rajasthan’ gained much popularity and the same was accepted by the Indian National Congress in pre-Independence as well as by the Government of Independent Indian Union. The present state of Rajasthan is a combination of 21 big and small princely states and the areas of the formerly centrally administered part ‘C’ State of Ajmer. The names of these princely states are: (1) Alwar, (2) Bharatpur, (3) Dholpur, (4) Karoli, (5) Banswara,(6) Bundi, (7) Dungarpur, (8) Jhalawar, (9) Kota, (10) Kushalgarh, (11) Kishangarh, (12) Lawa, (13) Pratapgarh, (14) Shahpura, (15) Tonk, (16) Udaipur, (17) Jaipur, (18) Jodhpur, (19) Bikaner, (20) Jaisalmer, and (21) Sirohi. The process of the integration of these states into united Rajasthan state has been completed in following seven stages. i) On 28th February 1948, the ‘Matsya’ Union was formed by uniting the first four states out of these 21.
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  • Mapping India's Language and Mother Tongue Diversity and Its

    Mapping India's Language and Mother Tongue Diversity and Its

    Mapping India’s Language and Mother Tongue Diversity and its Exclusion in the Indian Census Dr. Shivakumar Jolad1 and Aayush Agarwal2 1FLAME University, Lavale, Pune, India 2Centre for Social and Behavioural Change, Ashoka University, New Delhi, India Abstract In this article, we critique the process of linguistic data enumeration and classification by the Census of India. We map out inclusion and exclusion under Scheduled and non-Scheduled languages and their mother tongues and their representation in state bureaucracies, the judiciary, and education. We highlight that Census classification leads to delegitimization of ‘mother tongues’ that deserve the status of language and official recognition by the state. We argue that the blanket exclusion of languages and mother tongues based on numerical thresholds disregards the languages of about 18.7 million speakers in India. We compute and map the Linguistic Diversity Index of India at the national and state levels and show that the exclusion of mother tongues undermines the linguistic diversity of states. We show that the Hindi belt shows the maximum divergence in Language and Mother Tongue Diversity. We stress the need for India to officially acknowledge the linguistic diversity of states and make the Census classification and enumeration to reflect the true Linguistic diversity. Introduction India and the Indian subcontinent have long been known for their rich diversity in languages and cultures which had baffled travelers, invaders, and colonizers. Amir Khusru, Sufi poet and scholar of the 13th century, wrote about the diversity of languages in Northern India from Sindhi, Punjabi, and Gujarati to Telugu and Bengali (Grierson, 1903-27, vol.
  • The Total Population of the Present Mahendragarh District , with an Area of 2,983 Square Kilometres , Worked out on the Basis of 1971 Cen Sus , Is :7,34,143

    The Total Population of the Present Mahendragarh District , with an Area of 2,983 Square Kilometres , Worked out on the Basis of 1971 Cen Sus , Is :7,34,143

    , The total population of the present Mahendragarh district , with an area of 2,983 square kilometres , worked out on the basis of 1971 Cen sus , is :7,34,143. The details are given as under : .Population Persons Females per sq . km . per 1000 Female --- -- ' Males The district r~nked eighth according to population in the state. The district had 7.3 per cent of the total population of the state and the ratio of females per thousand males was 916, the highest in the state . The ratio of female population per thousand males for whole of the state was 867. The ~cheduled Castes formed 16 .42 per cent of the total population in the dis- trict in 1971, comprising 1,20,549 persons with 62 ,109 males and 58 ,440 females . The tahsil-wise area with population of the district worked out on 1971 Census js .:giveJl below : Tahsil-wise Population in 1971 Area Population Population (sq. km.) per sq. km. 1013 .36 2,77,863 274 247 .40 57,309 232 957.30 2,42,961 254 Mahendragarh 764 .94 1,56,010 204 The district ha4 a density of 246 persons per square kilometre in 1971 which made Mahendragarh the 6th most densely populated district in the state. The density of Haryana (in 1971) was 227 persons per square kilometre. Among the tahsils of .the district, Rewari and Narnaul had the highest density. _. Due to frequent territorial changes in the district boundaries , the figures .of population in the district as such are not available . However, the popu- ·lation variation in 6.