l Artistic Director’s Note l Welcome to one of our warmest and most popular Christmas Revels, celebrating traditional material from the five Nordic countries: Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden. We cannot wait to introduce you to our little secretive tomtenisse; to the rollicking and intri- cate traditional dances, the exquisitely mesmerizing hardingfele, nyckelharpa, and kantele; to Ilmatar, heaven’s daughter; to wild Louhi, staunch old Väinämöinen, and dashing Ilmarinen. This “journey to the Northlands” beautifully expresses the beating heart of a folk community gathering to share its music, story, dance, and tradition in the deep midwinter darkness.

It is interesting that a Christmas Revels can feel both familiar and entirely fresh. Washing- ton Revels has created the Nordic-themed show twice before. The 1996 version was the first show I had the pleasure to direct. It was truly a “folk” show, featuring a community of people from the Northlands meeting together in an annual celebration.

In 2005, using much of the same script and material, we married the epic elements of the story with the beauty and mystery of the natural world. The stealing of the sun and moon by witch queen Louhi became a rich metaphor for the waning of the year and our hope for the return of warmth and light.

To create this newest telling of our Nordic story, especially in this season when we deeply need the circle of community to bolster us in the darkness, we come back to the town square at a crossroads where families meet at the holiday to sing the old songs, tell the old stories, and step the circling dances to the intricate stringed fiddles. We celebrate family, the broth- erhood of nations and peoples. But we also slip into the liminal natural world—the majestic, mysterious Nordic countryside with northern lights; long, dark days; and hypnotic runo chanting—telling puzzling tales in poetry and song. Come with us and be entranced.

— Roberta Gasbarre OGlædelig JulOPHyvää JouluaOPGleðileg JólOPGod JulP

A note on the Kalevala: Drawing from the John Martin Crawford translation of 1888, the more modern versions of Francis Peabody Magoun (1963), and an excellent transla- tion by Eino Friberg (1989), we have woven together our own retelling of Runos 1 and 49, the creation myth and the stealing (and return) of the sun and moon. These ancient themes are central in the winter solstice “Christmas” Revels, highlighting the cyclical nature of the year, the seasons, and our lives.

It is expressly forbidden to use photographic or sound equipment in the auditorium. Unauthorized persons found using such equipment in the theater will be asked to leave. Revels® and The Christmas Revels® are registered service marks of Revels, Inc. of Watertown, Massachusetts, and are used by permission. l

3 l

4 5 6 p Part I p 1. Brurelåt (Bridal Song) Th is lively tune comes from 25 Norske folkeviser og dandser (Op. 17, No. 24) by Norway’s most celebrated composer, Edvard Grieg (1843–1907). Grieg’s use of Norwegian folk music in his own compositions, like this one, helped to develop a national identity for Norway, much as the works of Jean Sibelius did in Finland. Th e arrangement for brass quintet is by Peter Reeves. NORDIC BRASS SASHA VESENSKY, tomtenisse 2. Nu är det jul igen (Now Yule Has Come Again) “Now yule has come again, and Christmas days will last until Easter!” begins this popular Swedish holiday carol. But the feasting will not last, as the fasting days of Lent are ahead. Each year family and friends join in a dance line, circling the Christmas tree and eventually snaking through the entire house. WASHINGTON REVELS COMPANY NORTHERN LIGHTS BAND v v 3. Now Falls the Snow Th e tune “Domaredansen” (“Judgement Dance”) is a ringdans and va game played by Swedes of all ages at all times of the year, including Yuletide. Th is arrangement is by George Emlen, former Revels Inc. music director, with English words by Susan Cooper. We invite you to join us in the “Noels.” GREG LEWIS, song leader NORDIC BRASS WASHINGTON REVELS COMPANY

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7 4. Runolaulu (Rune Song) Rune singing was the way that the Finnish people passed on their culture from one genera- tion to another. Th e most celebrated singers, such as Larin Paraske, were able to memorize thousands of runes. Transcription of Kalevala rune singing began as early as 1797. Th e unifying aspect of the collected poetry is the Kalevala meter, a typical line of which consists of eight syllables with the following stress pattern: stressed, unstressed, stressed, unstressed, stressed, unstressed, stressed, stressed. Th is is expressed musically in 5/4 time, with fi ve beats per measure. Our singer will chant from the opening lines of Kalevala, accompanied by the national instrument of Finland, the fi ve-stringkantele . MERJA SORIA, singer and kantele 5. Kalevala: The Creation of the World Th is stage adaptation of stories from the great Finnish epic folk poem tells of the birth of the universe from a clutch of eggs and of the long-awaited birth of the fi rst man and musician, Väinämöinen. Legend has it that this mythic hero, born as an old man, was the inventor of the kantele, the traditional Finnish string instrument. Th e epic songs of Kalevala first appeared in print in 1835, as compiled and transcribed by Elias Lönnrot (1802–84). Th is ancient poetic tradition helped to unify Finns as they struggled for a cultural identity and political independence from Sweden. KALEVALA ENSEMBLE

6. Blå tonar fra Lom (Blue Notes from Lom) In the wordless singing style called tralling, the voice imitates the fi ddle. “Blue notes” are what Norwegians call those notes of the ancient folk scale which do not correspond to the notes of Western tempered tuning. Th is tune comes from Lom, a town in the upper Gudbrandsdal valley of eastern Norway. LORETTA KELLEY, fiddle ABBIE DESROSIERS, singer

7. Alla Marcia (In the Style of a March)

Jean Sibelius (1865–1957) is the major musical fi gure in Finnish history. His love of Finnish legends, history, and folk traditions inspired many of his compositions. Th is one comes from his Karelia Suite, composed for the presentation of a historical tableau at Helsinki University in 1893. NORDIC BRASS

8 8. Dejlig er den himmel blå (Lovely Is the Blue Sky) Th e familiar Danish tune “Celestia” is here adapted to the words of hymnist N. F. S. Grundtvig (1783–1872). While a student, Grundtvig became absorbed in poetry and Norse mythology, and was convinced that poetry could speak to the spirit of man more richly than prose. GREG LEWIS, song leader WASHINGTON REVELS COMPANY NORDIC BRASS YULE HANDBELLS

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9. Karjalainen Piiritanssi (Karelian Circle Dance) Th is lively dance uses a series of traditional step patterns from the eastern part of Finland. Th e tune “Kasareikka Salmista” is typical of the type of music used for katrillis, a class of folk dances from the region. SOLSTICE TEENS NORTHERN LIGHTS BAND

9 10. Children’s Songs and Dances Tomtarnas julnatt (The Elves’ Christmas Night) Every Swedish family farm has its tomtenisse, a notoriously grumpy gnome who helps make sure the farm is well maintained and the animals are properly cared for. Quick to mete out punishment for negligence, carelessness, or cruelty, he is a force to be reckoned with and treated with respect. On Christmas night, children leave a bowl of special porridge in the barn to keep him happy. O jul med din glede (O Yule, Season of Delight) At Christmas time in Norway, family and friends circle the tree singing their favorite carols. Th e refrain of this traditional song includes actions: clapping, turning, and bowing and curtsying to each other. Vi äro musikanter (We Are Musicians) “We are musicians from Skaraborg who play violin, bass fi ddle, and fl ute,” goes this children’s song from Sweden. TOMTENISSE CHILDREN NORTHERN LIGHTS BAND 11. Toasts Helan går (The Whole Goes Down) “If you don’t drink this one, you’re not going to get the next one,” says this traditional Swedish toasting song. JEFF ASHFORD and GREG SCHOLTZ, leaders YULE SINGERS Vi skåler for våre venner (We Toast Our Friends) In this popular Norwegian drinking song, “we skål (toast) our friends and even skål those whom we don’t give a darn about.” YULE SINGERS A Finnish Blessing When toasting in Finland, we say kippis (cheers). MERJA SORIA, speaker

10 Ó, mín flaskan fríða! (Oh, My Lovely Bottle!) “Oh, my beautiful bottle! I would suff er most things—frost, pestilence and worry— rather than lose you.” Quint songs (sung in parallel fi ft hs) like this were banned by the Vatican in the year 1230, and Iceland is the only country where this style of sing- ing has been preserved. Th e text is by Eggert Ólafsson, a romantic poet and pioneer of Icelandic scientifi c research. JANE BLOODWORTH and WILL WURZEL, singers 12. Icelandic Yule Lads Th irteen days before Christmas Eve, children in Iceland leave their shoes on the window sill, hoping to be visited by one of thirteen “Yule Lads.” If the children have been good, they may receive a small treat, but if they have been bad, they will be left a raw potato in their shoe (Iceland’s version of a lump of coal). Each Yule Lad has his own special personality; from Pottaskefi ll (Pot Scraper) to Bjúgnakrækir (Sausage Swiper), they are cranky and mischievous. But none is crankier than their mother, the evil troll Grýla (Child Eater) and her Yuletide cat, Jólaköttur. While we are visited by the these characters, the chorus sings “Það á að gefa börnum brauð” (“Give the Hungry Children Bread”), a Christmas song about the Yule Lads and Grýla arranged by Jórunn Viðar (1918–), a popular female composer of arts songs and fi lm music. YULE SINGERS TOMTENISSE CHILDREN 13. Han skal leve (He Shall Live Well) “He shall live well, hurrah, bravo, bravissimo!” is sung at most important occasions in Denmark. Generally, there is a speech fi rst, and this song follows. GREG LEWIS, song leader WASHINGTON REVELS COMPANY 14. Schottis i turer Th eschottis is a very popular Swedish folk dance with various fi gures and variations. Th e collection of fi gures danced here dates rom the end of the 1880s in Värmland and is traditionally danced to the tune “Schottis i turer.” SCANDIA DC DANCERS YULE DANCERS NORTHERN LIGHTS BAND

11 15. Polskor from Dalarna Th esepolskor (dance tunes) come from the heart of Dalarna, Sweden, a province very rich in folklore. “Blågetan” (“Th e Blue Goat”) comes from the Ore parish and uses the old “herding tones” or “blue notes” found in instruments made directly from nature, such as cow horns and willow pipes. Th e tune comes from the playing of nineteenth-century fi ddler Hans Dalfors. Th e second tune is from Rättvik, where the polskor have a unique gravity and dignity. Th e lyrics to this tune, “Långt jässpôd i budom,” speak of young women’s halcyon days on the fäbod (upland summer pasture). NORTHERN LIGHTS BAND 16. Polska Th is dance medley combines a klackpolska (heel polska) from northern Ångermanland, a province in northern Sweden, with a springdans (running dance) from Bohuslän, a province in southwestern Sweden. Th e springdans includes a traditional move where the woman is lift ed by the man and kicks the ceiling with her feet. Th is tune played here is a lively polska aft er Kristian Oskarsson (1910–91), a fourth-generation musician from a distant mountain farm near the small town of Kall. LINDA BROOKS and ROSS SCHIPPER, dancers NORTHERN LIGHTS BAND 17. Three Billy Goats Gruff Th is Norwegian folk tale, a favorite of children around the world, involves three clever goats and a mean old troll. WILLIAM LINDER and GRACE VANDERVEER, speakers JULIA KLAM, NATALIA VILELA, and AVA STEBBINS, three billy goats TOMTENISSE CHILDREN 18. Telespringar An improvisational dance, like American swing, the springar from Telemark has been danced in Norway for nearly 300 years. At its best, it is a three-way interplay between the dancing partners, who craft their dance to fi t the particular tune, and the solo fi ddler, who uses musical variations to inspire the dancers. Th is dance is accompanied by “Springar etter Gregar Kåsin,” a rollicking tune in the tradition of Gregar Kåsin, a well-known nineteenth- century fi ddler from the town of Bø in Telemark. TOM LØVLI, dancer SCANDIA DC DANCERS LORETTA KELLEY, hardingfele

12 19. Kalevala Alkusanat (Prologue of Kalevala) “I am driven by my longing, and my understanding urges that I should commence my singing and begin my recitation. I will sing the people’s legends and the ballads of the nation,” begins the Finnish epic poem Kalevala. Th is choral setting, by Estonian composer Veljo Tormis (1930–), employs the traditional meter and tune of Kalevala chant, sung here by soloists and chorus in antiphonal call and response. His works are strongly connected to the heritage of the Finno-Ugrian peoples, linking the elements of runic song to his own contemporary musical language. TERRANCE JOHNS and ALDEN MICHELS, singers YULE SINGERS 20. Kalevala: Louhi Steals the Sun and Moon Susan Cooper’s adaptation of Runo 47 of Kalevala, in which Louhi, witch of the Northland, steals the sun and the moon, leaving the world in darkness. SARAH OLMSTED THOMAS, Louhi MATTHEW M. NIELSON,Väinämöinen KALEVALA ENSEMBLE 21. Väinämöinen’s Song Accompanying himself on the kantele, old Väinämöinen sings so beautifully that he charms the sun and moon down from the heavens to listen to him. MERJA SORIA, singer and kantele 22. Yallibrui According to legend, Gjallarbrui was the golden bridge of nails and spears spanning the river Gjall, over which passed the damned on their way to hell. Th is folk song comes from the “Vision of Olaf Åsteson,” dating from the thirteenth century. One Christmas Eve, Olaf Åsteson fell into a deep sleep that lasted thirteen days, during which he dreamed that he traveled through heaven and hell. Th e setting is by Ludvig Mathias Lindeman, who traveled through Norway from 1840–67 collecting more than 2,000 folk songs. YULE SINGERS 23. The Winter is Cold

Th ese words are from the longer poem “Tomten” (also known as “Midvinternattens köld är hård”), written by Viktor Rydberg and originally published in Ny Illustrerad Tidning in 1881. ZOE ALEXANDRATOS, speaker

13 24. Lord of the Dance

Sydney Carter’s contemporary lyrics to the Shaker song “Simple Gift s” are here translated into dance, using a compilation of traditional Morris steps. GREG LEWIS, singer NORDIC BRASS WASHINGTON REVELS COMPANY CRYSTAL BAILEY, LIBBY CHAMBERLIN, DAVID ROODMAN, and GUS VOORHEES, dancers (alternating) ALL SING REFRAIN AND DANCE: Dance, then, wherever you may be, I am the Lord of the Dance, said he, And I’ll lead you all , wherever you may be, And I’ll lead you all in the dance, said he.

p Part II p 25. Folketone (Folksong) Th is soulful folk melody was originally arranged for solo piano by the Danish composer Carl Nielsen (1865–1931) as part of 5 Klavierstucke, Op. 3, No. 1. Widely regarded as his country’s most prominent composer, Nielsen taught at the Royal Danish Academy of Music where he became director in 1931, shortly before his death. Th e arrangement for brass quin- tet is by Jacob Vilhelm Larsen. NORDIC BRASS 26. Abbots Bromley Horn Dance Th is dance, based on an ancient ritual for good luck in hunting the stag, is still danced every September in the English village of Abbots Bromley. Six horn dancers (deer-men) are accompanied by four traditional folk characters—the man/woman, hobbyhorse, fool, and boy archer—who link it with the mumming traditions of Christmas. ANDREA HOAG, fiddle CUTTING EDGE SWORD with DANIEL KAHN, TERRY WINSLOW, and CODRUȚ PINTEA WHITE or MALIN THOMAS (alternating)

14 27. Reindeer Lure A charm-poem from the Netsilik Eskimo of Iceland to call the reindeer to the hunter. MATTHEW M. NIELSON, speaker 28. A Woodland Encounter Accompanied by an improvisation on the nyckelharpa, our tomtenisse meets a friend in the Northland night and leaves a gift for another. Th e nyckelharpa (keyed fi ddle) is a traditional Swedish instrument that has been played, in one form or another as it evolved, for more than 600 years. Th is haunting melody was originally transcribed as a polska (dance tune) aft er the playing of fi ddler Per Munkberg from Barsebäck, Skåne, in southern Sweden. Here we’re giving it a new free translation, rather than its usual groovy rhythmic identity. ALEX DAVIS, child SASHA VESENSKY, tomtenisse LYDIA IEVINS, nyckelharpa 29. Ólafur Liljurós Known in Iceland for at least 700 years, this song tells of the young Ólafur happening on a dwelling of the “hidden people,” supernatural beings who live in rocks and cliff s. He is approached by four elf maidens, who ask him to live with them. Not wanting to leave his human world behind, he resists their attempts and is fi nally mortally wounded. Th e circle dance, called vikivaki, traditionally accompanies this song. WILL WURZEL, singer CHARLIE PILZER, drum MEN OF THE YULE SINGERS 30. Folkefrelsar (Savior of the People) Th is Advent hymn, with a melody dating from the twelft h century, was revised by Martin Luther in 1524. Th is Norwegian arrangement was written by Linn Andrea Fuglseth of the popular Norwegian vocal ensemble Trio Mediæval. ELIZABETH SPILSBURY, singer WOMEN OF THE YULE SINGERS 31. Sankta Lucia, the Festival of Light Öje brudmarsch (Bridal March from Öje) Th e traditional Feast of Saint Lucy, celebrated each year on December 13, symbolizes the bringing of light into the darkness of winter. Dressed in a white dress with a red sash around her waist and a wreath of candles on her head, the eldest daughter of the family leads a procession of children who carry special lussekatter (saff ron buns) and hot coff ee to their parents. ANDREA HOAG and LORETTA KELLEY, fiddles LYDIA IEVINS, nickelharpa SASHA KARPOVA, Sankta Lucia

15 Goder morgon (Good Morning) “Good morning both large and small . . . men and women, as we celebrate this joyful day,” begins this traditional song from Malung, Sweden. “Lusselelle [Lucia], eleven days before Christmas, you are now welcome.” WOMEN OF THE YULE SINGERS TOMTENISSE CHILDREN ANDREA HOAG and LORETTA KELLEY, fiddles LYDIA IEVINS, nickelharpa 32. Det kimer nu til julefest (It Rings Now for Christmas) Perhaps Denmark’s most popular Christmas carol, the text comes again from the pen of hymnist N. F. S. Grundtvig and is set to music by Carl C. N. Balle. We play an arrangement for handbells by Elizabeth Anne Fulford. YULE HANDBELLS 33. Silent Night Th is familiar carol is sung throughout the Nordic countries on Christ- mas Eve. We begin with the original 1818 version by Franz Xavier Gru- ber to the words of Joseph Mohr, priest of St. Nicholas in Oberndorf. Mohr had requested “a fi tting melody for two solo voices together with choir and for accompaniment by guitar.” Th e chorus sings verses in Swedish, Norwegian, and Danish. Please join us for the English verse. JAN ELICKER and ELIZABETH FULFORD, Swedish TERRANCE JOHNS and ALDEN MICHELS, Norwegian KATIE JARVIS, PATRICK KEARNEY, HARALD LUNDBERG, ALEXA SILVERMAN, and PAULA THOMAS, Danish NORTHERN LIGHTS BAND NORDIC BRASS ALL SING IN ENGLISH: Silent night, holy night! All is calm, all is bright! ‘Round yon virgin mother and child, Holy infant so tender and mild, Slee p in heavenly peace, Slee p in heavenly peace.

16 34. Kulning In parts of Norway and Sweden, women use high-pitched, intense herd- ing calls to summon animals over long distances. When a call is made in a valley, it rings and echoes against the mountains, much like traditional yodeling. LIZA LESTER, ELIZABETH SPILSBURY, GUENEVERE SPILSBURY, LIBBY TIPSON, and CHRISTINA ZOLA PECK, singers 35. Kalevala: Restoring the Sun and Moon We resolve our winter solstice story with a playful version of the quest of Väinämöinen and Ilmarinen to restore light to the world, with many misadventures and just a little silliness. We fi nish in fi ne mummers’ tradition with a blessing for the hearers of the tale and for the world. MATTHEW M. NIELSON, Väinämöinen WILLIAM LINDER, Ilmarinen SARAH OLMSTED THOMAS, Louhi KALEVALA ENSEMBLE 36. Papa Stour Sword Dance Th is traditional long-sword dance comes to us from the remote, small island of Papa Stour in the Shetlands. CUTTING EDGE SWORD ANDREA HOAG, fiddle 37. Finlandia Hymn In 1899, the Finnish composer Jean Sibelius wrote a musical score for six historical tableaux depicting episodes from Finnish history. A year later, Sibelius developed the music from the fi nal tableau into “Finlandia,” a tone poem for orchestra. Th e chorale-like theme that emerges out of the turbulent beginning of this piece has become one of the most important national songs of Finland. Th e English words were written by Lloyd Stone (1912–93). YULE SINGERS NORDIC BRASS 38. Around the Christmas Tree In many Nordic countries people sing and dance around the brightly lit tree holding hands with family and friends. Th ese popular Christmas tree songs and dances come from Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. Baglæns kontrasejre A traditional kvadrille (quadrille dance) tune from Denmark.

17 På låven sitter nissen (The Nisse in the Barn) Nearly every child in Norway has at one time or another sung and acted out this song while circling the holiday tree with family and friends. Th e nisse is enjoying his Christmas porridge until some rats come to visit and want to share—and they dance around him in a ring! Små grodorna (The Little Frogs) In this favorite play party for Christmas and Midsummer, everyone—adults and children alike—hop around the tree like frogs. Swedish frogs and pigs don’t say “ribbit” and “oink”; they say “ko-ack” and “nöff .” Vevlirepolska (Hurdy-gurdy Dance) A slängpolska (dance) tune from the island of Gotland, Sweden. Th e hurdy-gurdy (a keyed string instrument) is the closest living relative to the nyckelharpa. Julafton (Christmas Eve) Th i svals (waltz) from Sweden bids good evening and a joyful Yule to all. NORTHERN LIGHTS BAND WASHINGTON REVELS COMPANY 39. Et barn er født (A Child Is Born) Th e words, again from hymnist N. F. S. Grundtvig and based on the text of the medieval carol “Puer natus in Bethlehem,” are set to a Danish melody dating from around 1600. GREG LEWIS, song leader WASHINGTON REVELS COMPANY NORDIC BRASS ALL SING:

18 40. Dona nobis pacem A traditional round in Latin: “Give us peace.” GREG LEWIS, song leader WASHINGTON REVELS COMPANY ALL SING:

41. Halling Th e Norwegian hallingdans (halling dance) is one of the world’s most spectacular dances. Young men show their agility and strength in attempt- ing to kick a hat held on the end of a stick high in the air above their heads. Th e world record for a halling kick is nearly ten feet. To encourage the dancer, the fi ddler plays “Sevle’n” (“Sevlid’s Tune”) in the tradition of Kjetil Løndal from Telemark, Norway. Ola Olson Sevlid was a champion halling dancer from Nore in Numedal who was also a notorious bully and trouble- maker. When he was fi nally executed for the murder of a peddler in 1832, it was said that he sang this tune as he walked to the executioner’s block. TOM LØVLI, dancer LORETTA KELLEY, hardingfele TOMTENISSE CHILDREN SOLSTICE TEENS

42. Jul, jul, strålande jul (Yule, Yule, Shining Yule) Organist, composer, and teacher Gustaf Nordqvist (1886–1949) began his training at the Swedish Royal Conservatory of Music in Stockholm at the age of fi ft een. He composed in many genres, but perhaps his most famous composition is this beautiful carol, with text by Edvard Evers (1853–1919). It was originally written for solo voice with keyboard accompa- niment (as were many of Nordqvist’s sacred songs), but the accompaniment was adapted for a cappella choral performance. YULE SINGERS

19 43. The Shortest Day Th is poem written by Susan Cooper has become a traditional part of every Christmas Revels production. 44. Sussex Mummer’s Carol Th is carol was traditionally sung at the end of the mummers’ play in Horsham, Sussex, and has become the parting song in every Christmas Revels across the country. Th e brass transcription is by Brian Holmes; the descant and fi nal verse harmonization are by Ralph Vaughan Williams. GREG LEWIS, song leader WASHINGTON REVELS COMPANY NORDIC BRASS ALL SING:

Glædelig Jul Hyvää Joulua Gleðileg Jól God Jul

20 21 k Performers k Production Staff Merja Soria, ancient songs Abbie Desrosiers Scandia DC Dancers of Finland with kantele Jan Elicker+ Linda Brooks, director Tom Løvli, traditional Eleanore Fox Ross Schipper, director Elizabeth Fulford dance from Norway David Auty Richard Glassco Sheri Auty Kalevala Ensemble Sarah Glassco Lynn Baumeister Matthew M. Nielson Craig Haimson Carol Carnahan William Linder Michael Haycock Ted Hodapp Sarah Olmsted Th omas Matthew Jackson Daniel Kahn Zoe Alexandratos Terrance Johns+ Cathie Springer Susan Hall Lewis Kimberly Keravuori Sonia White Alden Michels Greg LaNave Grace VanderVeer Liza Lester Solstice Teens Sasha Vesensky Susan Hall Lewis Sylvie Ashford Greg Lewis Sarah Brodnax Northern Lights Band Samantha Lint* Ransom Cain Andrea Hoag, fiddle David Meredith* Gabrielle Cole lydia ievins, nyckelharpa, Alden Michels Suzanne Cole 5-string fiddle Andrew Moore Elspeth Dorr** Loretta Kelley, fiddle, Lea Mulder Abby Ehrenstein hardingfele Peter Noone* Katie Jarvis** Charlie Pilzer, string bass, Jackie Owen* Patrick Kearney** pipe organ Maria Posey* Harald Lundberg Greg Scholtz Darrow Sherman** Nordic Brass Elena Stoddard Robert Birch, director, trumpet Alexa Malanos Silverman Bryan Bourne, bass trombone Guenevere Spilsbury* Tomtenisse Children Jeff Gaylord, trombone Elizabeth Spilsbury* Fiona Alexandra Bondarev Andrew Houde, French horn Paula Th omas Eleanor Daken Fred Marcellus, trumpet Libby Tipson Alexandra Davis Don Spinelli, percussion Grace VanderVeer Lila Hutchins** Stewart Wesley Sasha Karpova** Yule Singers Terry Winslow Julia Sigrist Klam Zoe Alexandratos Will Wurzel+ Zanna Paraskevas Amy Appleton Christina Zola Peck Raina Patterson Jeff Ashford* Codruț T. Pintea White** Caroline Birasa Cutting Edge Sword Lynn Baumeister Isa Riva-Clement** Jane Bloodworth+ Ava Marian Stebbins Bethany Bray David Casserly Ted Hodapp Hayden Swetlow Sharon Clark-Napolitano Malin Th omas Will Craig Laura Robertson David Roodman Anya Vedantambe Gwendolyn Cummings Sasha Vesensky John Daken Tom Spilsbury Jerry Stein Natalia Vilela Nasir Yankey**

Handbells + Section leader 22 * Schottis Dancer ** Halling Dancer Performers k Production Staff k Artistic Sta Properties Consultant: Mary Gene Myer Artistic Director/Stage Director: Makeup Crew Captains: Linda Smith Nissen, Roberta Gasbarre Lisa Grosh, Kendra Hendren, assistant Music Director: Elizabeth Anne Fulford Makeup Consultant: Kristin Moore Children’s Stage Director: Jenni Voorhees Wednesday Night Work Party Coordinator: Children’s Music Director: H. Katherine Toton Emilie Moore Associate Director: Sam Game Outreach Coordinators: Tickets for Kids: Assistant Director: Eva Louise Martin Chris Anderson, Anita Coates, Carolyn Falk, 2nd Assistant Director: Daniel G. Mori Jackie Young Assistant Music Directors: Terrance Johns, Production Interns: Aryn Geier, Clare Hardin William Wurzel Lighting Intern: Nick Gerakis Set and Lighting Designer: Colin K. Bills Costume Designer: Rosemary Pardee Technical Sta Technical Director: Scott Little Associate Costume Designer: Rachael Feola Scenery: Woolly Mammoth scene shop Children’s Costume Designer: Cecily Pilzer Audio Description: Metropolitan Washington Sound Designer: Kenny Neal Ear Props and Puppet Designer: Alex Vernon Photo Documentation: Erin Sutherland Make-up Designers: Linda Smith Nissen, Video/Audio Production: John Paulson Jenni Voorhees Productions Brass Arrangements: Elizabeth Anne Fulford Program Cover, Poster and Ticket Flyer Design: Nordic Dance Consultants: Linda Brooks, Elizabeth Anne Fulford, Jo Rasi Ross Schipper Program Production: Kristin Dill Lord of the Dance Consultant: James Voorhees Program Coordination: Patti Knapp, Abbots Bromley Dance Consultant: David Elizabeth Anne Fulford Roodman Program Content: Curtis Adamson, Production Sta Elizabeth Anne Fulford, Patti Knapp, Producer: Greg Lewis Greg Lewis, Jo Rasi, Production Manager: Colin K. Bills Program Editor: Greg Scholtz Stage/Floor Managers: Kelsey Jenkins, Ashley Th weatt House Management Children’s Stage Manager: Meredith Cabe Box Offi ce Manager: Debbie Grossman Children’s Consultant: Emilie Moore Box Offi ce Assistant: Naomi Peel Children’s Assistant Stage Managers: Box Offi ce Volunteers: Dana Bymum,Victoria Aryn Geier, Clare Hardin Davis, Leah Delano, Joyce DeVilbiss, Lale Company Manager: Susan Hall Lewis Dorr, Heather Livington, Mike Matheson, Assistant Company Manager: Diane Winslow Pat Matheson, Agatha Munu, Rowyn Peel, Chorus Managers: Grace VanderVeer, Kathryn von Rautenfi eld, Dave Rabinowitz, Jan Elicker Ashwini Tambe, Shankar Vedantam, Costumier/Wardrobe Mistress: Lois Dunlop Leanne Wiberg Costume Manager: Robbie McEwen Front of House Manager: Marta Schley Costume Technicians: Michele Macadaeg, Sydney Moore, Courtney Wood L i s n e r S t a Milliner: Rachael Feola Th eater Manager: Cassandra Lammers Jeweler: Margaret Foley Assistant Th eater Manager: Jeff Kirkman III Hair Consultants/Crew Captains: Manager, Ticketing & Box Offi ce Operations: Barbara Beachler, Victoria Metz Sean Kelly Props Crew Captains: Jay Douglas, Production Manager: Eric Annis Don Names Technical Director: Colin McGee Props Coordinator: Jay Douglas 23 k Production Volunteers k Props Crew Janel Dillard Backstage Food MaMoe Htun Jay Douglas, Captain Judy Ehrenstein & Cast Party Leslie E. S. Jarvis, Don Names, Captain Kathleen Geier Margo M. Cunniff e Knitting Designer Kendra Hendren Chloe Gonzalez Kathleen Geier Eva Jannotta Patrick Hendren Claire Haeberle MaMoe Htun Eva Jannotta Emanuel Joseph-Schilz Sarah Katz Susan Hall Lewis Bev Jenkins Carmine Napolitano Marissa Maley John Pomeranz, Jill Kester Fiona Vicary cast party chef Patti Knapp Merchandise Crew Diane Winslow Elizabeth Leca Jackie Young, Captain Wardrobe & Hair William and Diana Jon Leca Elena Bachman Crew and Stitchers Conway, cast party Karen Schofi eld-Leca Pete Behr Barbara Beachler hosts Jane Legg James Clement Brodie, Anup Mahurkar Marjorie Cole Hair Captain Wednesday Night Kiran Mahurkar Margo M. Cunniff e Victoria Metz, Hair Work Parties, Props, Marissa Maley Leigh Culver Captain Knitters, Schlepping, Tom Martella Victoria Davis Elena Bachman O ce Help Peggy Moll Helen Fields Paige Billin-Frye James Allen Andrew Moore Rollie Frye Jane Bloodworth Scip Barnhart Jeni Jacobs-Moore Ann Gates Jonathan Cagle- Paige Billin-Frye Jen Murnane Dana Jackson Mulberg Jane Bloodworth Mike Murtha Isabella Jackson Ella Caplin Camille Bove Mary Gene Myer Leslie E. S. Jarvis Marjorie Cole Ella Caplin Madeline Nelson Ruth Karafi n-Lanich Laurie Cullen Marjorie Cole December Polli Jill Kester Margo M. Cunniff e Tom Cole Polly Edwards-Seal Jane Legg Kate Curtis Frank Collins Donna Simonton Anastastia MacDonald Susan Eason Laurie Cullen, Juliette Smith Dan Mick Judy Ehrenstein Quilling Designer Meghan Siritzky Joanne Muir Margaret Foley Margo Cunniff e Michaela Spehn Madeline Nelson Meg Glassco J a n e C u n n i ff e Erin Sutherland Cheryl Lynn Olson Rosanne Gochman Kate Curtis Kirsten Wheeler Susan Pettey Judith Harmon Jay Douglas Lisa Wheeler Nicolo Rasi deMatties Eva Jannotta Abi Daken Diane Winslow Loren Riva-Clement Sarah Katz Abby Ehrenstein Christina Zola Joseph Riva-Clement Janice McKenney Judy Ehrenstein Nicolas Zola Charlotte Schoeneman Joanne Muir Helen Fields, Knitting Zoe Schoeneman-Frye Jen Murnane Designer Parent Volunteers Karen Schofi eld-Leca Mari Parker Eleanore Fox Erica Bondarev Rapach Jennifer Stewlow Mike Platt Ann Gates Abi Daken Leslie Tucker Juliette Smith Aryn Geier, Revels Caroline Klam Patrick Tyson Peggy Walker Intern Mary Katherine Marni Von Wilpert Daphne Williams Kathleen Geier Patterson Don Walsh Kerstin Zurbrigg Peg Gianuca Alex Swetlow Lisa Wheeler Meg Glassco Ashwini Tambe Backstage Runners Alan Haeberle Leslie Tucker Makeup Crew Kiah Beachler Cate Hagman Maribel Vilela Linda Smith Nissen, Julian Dean Craig Haimson Peggy Walker Co-Captain Rina Kaye Haimson, Clare Hardin, Revels Autumn Wilson Lisa Grosh, Co-Captain Children’s Runner Intern Anna White, Kendra Hendren, Eva Hutchins Emma Hardin Head Parent Crew Assistant Elizabeth Leca, Julia Hendren Fatima Yankey Lori Ashford Children’s Runner Kendra Hendren Kerstin Zurbrigg Ella Caplin Kirsten Wheeler Cheyenne Cummings Kate Curtis 24 Production Volunteers

25 k Washington Revels k O  c e S t a Board of Directors John Daniel Sheppard Ferguson Executive Director: Greg William B. Conway, Chair Sarah Holmes Lewis Jim Lazar, Treasurer Tim Carrington Marketing & Programs Candace Davis, Secretary John Clewett Director: Jo Rasi Peter Behr Susan Hall Lewis Business & Development Roland M. Frye, Jr. Michael Matteson Director: Madeline Nelson David B.H. Martin Patricia Knapp Lars Peterson John Pomeranz Education & Volunteer Frances Sharon Manager: Advisory Board Juliette W. Smith Emilie Moore Steering Committee Cindy Speas Finance & Development Jennifer Swanson Voorhees, Nancy Lindsten Taylor Assistant: Co-Chair Shelia Weiss Curtis Adamson Terry Winslow, Co-Chair Diane Behrens Winslow Marketing & Programs David H. Langstaff George W. Ziener Coordinator: Mary Eugenia Myer Liesl Chapin Mary Swope, Founder IT Director: Will Wurzel Artistic Associates Webmaster: Elizabeth Anne Advisory Board Colin K. Bills Fulford Members Mary Combs Web Content Manager: Cynthia McCune Allen Judith L. Harrison Jo Rasi Jill S. Bixler Emilie Long Company Manager: Susan Roderic V.O. Boggs Rosemary Pardee Lewis James H. Breed Charlie Pilzer Bookkeeper: Christine McElroy Artistic Sta Artistic Director: Roberta Gasbarre Music Director: Elizabeth Anne Fulford Ensemble Directors: Gallery Voices Director: Elizabeth Anne Fulford Heritage Voices Co-Directors: Andrea Jones Blackford and Elizabeth Anne Fulford Maritime Voices Director: Michael Matheson Voices of History Director: Roberta Gasbarre

26 Washington Revels

27 m Special Thanks m Special thanks: to William L. Ritchie, Jr. for his longstanding support and for helping make possible our 2009 relocation to a new home in Silver Spring; to the late John Langstaff, creator and Master of the Revels; and to Washington Revels founder Mary Swope, for planting and nurturing the Revels tradition in Washington, D.C.

Will Wurzel for his extraordinary devotion and untold volunteer hours in the offi ce, including his IT and sound reinforcement expertise, database management, assistance with transcribing and preparing music, artistic and editorial contributions to video and audio recording, contributions to the ticketing process, and on and on (and on).

Elizabeth Anne Fulford for web and design Lars Hanslin for helping track and confi rm all support, and for music direction of all our donations made over the past year. ensembles and programs. Ted Hodapp and Lynn Baumeister for teaching Roberta Gasbarre for direction, insights and and rehearsing our children and teens for the contributions to our education programs, halling dance. ensembles, actors and more. Houston Revels, and especially to Paul Woldy, James Fields for contributing his vast profes- Ella Forel, and Mike Schmidt for their sional survey expertise and over 200 hours extraordinary eff orts in providing us with of time in constructing a major survey for Nordic costumes. distribution to Washington Revels donors and ticket buyers. Bill and Diana Conway for graciously hosting the cast party at their home, and Andrea Blackford for her invaluable work, John Pomeranz for once again serving as inspiration and direction of our Jubilee Voices chef de barbecue extraordinaire. and Heritage Voices. The House of Finland (San Diego) for their Mike Matheson for his yeoman (nautically grant of $400 to Merja Soria to help make it speaking) eff orts in organizing and directing possible for her to come from San Diego to our Maritime Voices. be our Finnish tradition-bearer in this year’s show. Colin K. Bills for his time, expertise, wisdom and experience, far exceeding his contracted Susan Hall Lewis for over 1,000 volunteer hours, role with our show. but above all for her continuing role as com- munity nurturer. Carrie Kovar Boris for handling early priority seating for 10+ years, and to her husband Paul Clare Hardin and Aryn Geier for their excellent Boris for developing the ticket schematic. work and assistance managing many diff erent aspects of Revels business, particularly with Jay Douglas for, in addition to his general props/ the Children’s rehearsals. production coordination, going above and beyond in handling our trucking logistics. Katie Jarvis and Anna Hosh for their research and time spent updating the Revels Education Erin Sutherland for serving as the offi cial Cultural Research site, massive inventory of photographer for our Nordic Christmas Revels props, and general offi ce tasks. Revels at Lisner Auditorium.

28 Christine McElroy – In addition to usual book- Kathleen Geier and Scip BarnHart for applying keeping duties, for her generous and creative their artisian skills to many special projects Special Thanks contribution of crocheted items for merchan- involving the set and props, and MaMoe Htun dise. for her work on constructing the tree platform. Andrew Moore for serving as our faithful truck driver and carting props, set materials and so The Potomac School, Washington Waldorf much more throughout the year. School, and Washington Episcopal School for providing rehearsal space for this year’s Maria Posey for her assistance with Swedish Christmas Revels. pronunciation and sharing dances and other Swedish traditions with our cast. Laurie Cullen, Helen Fields, Leslie Jarvis, Jill Kester, Jane Legg, Susan Lewis, Robbie McE- Marja Snyder for assisting with Finnish wen, Emilie Moore and Christina Zola Peck for pronunciation in this and our two prior lending their expertise and leading Revel Year Nordic shows. Round Workshops.

Paula Thomas for her assistance with Danish El Golfo, Moorenkos Ice Cream, Pacci’s pronunciation and her unexpected assistance Neapolitan Pizzeria, and Sergio Ristorante with embassies and fl yers. Italiano for donating refreshments to our Community Sings. Jim Voorhees for serving as band leader for May Revels and our July 4th and Labor Day parade Drink More Water for providing discounted performances. water for this production.

Woolly Mammoth for use of their scene shop in The multitude of volunteers – performers and building this year’s set. production personnel – who made our 2016 May Revels at the Washington National Cathe- Community Sings: Elizabeth Anne Fulford, Busy dral’s Flower Mart a wonderful success, with Graham, Molly Hickman, Michelle Mosher, particular thanks to Colin Bills, Jay Douglas, Anna Pintea White, Peggy Walker, Kerstin Elizabeth Anne Fulford, Roberta Gasbarre, Zurbrigg, Grace VanderVeer, Cate Hagman, Cheryl Lane, Susan Lewis, Danny Pushkin, Nicolo Rasi-deMatties, and all our fabulous Rowyn Peel, Gus Voorhees, Jenni Voorhees, regulars. and Terry Winslow.

Linda Brooks and Loretta Kelley for loaning us All Hallows Guild of the Washington National their authentic Nordic Costumes. Cathedral and Cynthia Schollard, chair of the Flower Mart’s Entertainment Committee, for Charlie Pilzer for being his wife Cecily’s rock allowing us to present our May Revels as the during the ups and downs of Revels. culminating event of the 2016 Flower Mart. Merchandise: Laurie Cullen, Helen Fields, Leslie Jarvis, Robbie McEwen, Madeline Nel- Cate Hagman for her can-do spirit, her do-it-all son, and Diane Winslow for serving on energy, and her extraordinary creativity and the Merchandise Committee. tireless eff orts in social media, photography and more. Bev Jenkins for once again designing, making and donating over 100 beautiful cross-stitch Gerry and Margaret Schueman for once again ornaments, and to Shane and Leah Odom for (ten years later) helping to promote the show donating their beautiful handmade ornaments. within the 5 Nordic communities in the DC area.

29 l Donorsl Washington Revels is deeply grateful to the following individual, foundation, government, and corporate supporters for their generous donations received from October 1, 2015 through November 18, 2016. If your name has been omitted or misspelled, please accept our apologies and call 301-587-3835 to let us know.

Benefactor James Clement and Annette Canby and Peter Daniel and Melissa ($25,000 and above) Jo Rasi Bresnan Ryman Arts & Humanities Laura and Douglas Cox Eugene Carlson & Mimi Liz Sczudlo Council of Mr. and Mrs. Sven-Eric Th o m p s on Arthur Shaw Montgomery County Cronquist Christine Carrico David and Eleni Estate of Douglas Dancis Linda and John Daniel Jann and Joe Cassady Silverman Maryland State Arts Jean Esswein Tom and Marjorie Cole Betty Ansin Smallwood Council Roland Frye and Susan Philip Angell and Jane John M. Smallwood Pettey Cooper Ilse Stauff er Grantor Elizabeth Anne Fulford Michael and Ellen Cronin Bill Swedish and Linda ($10,000–24,999) Kathryn Greenspan Roxana Oppenheimer Griggs Bill and Diana Conway Hendren Family Day Sharon Tiebert-Maddox Mary Eugenia and Knight and Ann Susan Dentzer and Th eodore Myer Kiplinger Chuck Alston Supporters Terry and Diane Winslow Th e Kiplinger Foundation Th e DePrest Family ($250–499) in memory of Frida Richard and Carolyn James Jay Douglas Donald Adams and Ellen Burling Kovar Carolyn and William Maland Pardee Lowe Doying Amazon Smile Guardians Kathy Maher Claudia and Dennis Dora and Bruce ($5,000–9,999) Sandy Northrop Dulmage Anderson Ithaka Foundation B. Th omas and Raymond and Colleen James Baker Carolyn Leep and Jim Jo Anne Peele Filbey Douglas and Helen Lazar Geraldine Pilzer Gary E. Foster Baumgardt Hildegard B. Lewis Th orn and Sharis Pozen Peg Gianuca Bob and Betsy Bein David and Martha Tracy G. Savage Gordon and Velva Jharry and Alice Breed Martin Peter Schult Groover Ann Bushmiller and Al William L. Ritchie, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Th omas J. Vicki R. Herrmann Cacozza Scott, Jr. Pete Johnson Michael Caplin Patrons Joseph Serene Th omas and Ann Gary and Ann Carpenter ($2,500–4,999) Edward and Patricia Johnston Hugh and Barbara Barry Galef and Shaff er Helen and David Kenney Cassidy Ellen Post Vivien and Norman Bobbie and Bill Kilberg Joan Challinor Mark and Ann Kington Silber Caroline Klam M a r y C l i ff Mike and Patricia Juliette W. Smith Pru and David Lake Kenneth and Lynn Cline Matheson Robert & Meg Stillman Angela Lancaster and Jim and Sandy Cooper Madeline Nelson Joanna Sturm C.F. Muckenfuss Marcia and George de John and Gail Nields Marsha Lee Ward Maureen Lewis and Garmo Mary and Gerry Swope Sam Wyman Danny Leipziger Deidre Donahue and Richard David Taylor Warren and Diane Jamie Dahlberg Donors ($500–999) Marton Kevin and Sharon Dooley Sustainers Carole Ann Barth and Don Names & Lisa Grosh Sarah Ellis ($1,000–2,499) James Zepp Len Newman & Lisa ExxonMobil Foundation Amy Appleton Jane Bloodworth Shochat Susan Fahrbach Peter and Martha Behr Robert Brent Lars Peterson Marcia Flournoy Trish and Tim Carrico Terrence Brown and Craig Pettibone Antonia Fondaras Merrill and Tim Linda Whitlock-Brown Jan Paul Richter and Gudrun Foster Carrington Morgan Buckli and Dan Ellen von Seggern- David Gogol and Gloria Fiore Richter White

30 John and Lillian Grady Liddy Baker Father Francis J. Early Clarence Hoop Norman and Ann Marie Barbara and Maynard Allen M. Earman Susan Hougen Hicks Ball Mr. and Mrs. Charles F. Sherrill Houghton Donors William Hunt Mary Barber and Curtis Eason, Jr. Th omas Howell & Shelley Steve and Debby Jencks von Kann Th e Ehrenstein Family Rockwell Neele Johnston Lynn Baumeister Diane and Ronald MaMoe Htun Maryann, Sian and Danielle M. Beauchamp Eichner Fran and Will Irwin Rawles Jones Susan Beff el Chris Estes Gabriel Johnson Stephen and Katharine Barbara Bell Doris and Lee Evens Ronald Jones Kovarcik Teresa C. Bennett Fred and Catherine Charlotte Jones-Carroll Diane Kresh Mary Lou Berres Fagerstrom Jane C. Karpick William and Lindsey Jacqueline R. Berry, MD Jim and Gwyn Fields Joseph W. Kastl Leighty Steve and Joyce Bilanow Karen Finn Kathleen Keenan Greg and Susan Lewis Jill S. Bixler Margaret and Peter Lisa Kelly Louise McIlhenny and Andrea Blackburn and Fisher Kimberly Keravuori Hugh Riddleberger Gregg Rubinstein Nancy Ford-Kohne Ingrid Keune Janice E. McKenney Andrea & Harold Mary E. Fraker Suzanne King Daniel Mick and Blackford Jr. Beebe Frazer Lee Ann and Bob Kinzer Maureen Jais-Mick Nancy and Donald Bliss Charles Fromm Robert Knautz Family Annilee & Martin David Bradley Sylvia Garcia and Mark and Cathy Knepper Oppenheimer Elizabeth and Howard Mauricio Villafuerte Gary and Melinda Benny and Mary Parker Bradley Norma Garibaldi Kramer Mary K. Parker Darryl Branting Matthew Gaziano Diane Kresh, in honor of Judith G. Perry David W. Briggs Ed Gertler Betsy Fulford David & Sandy Robinson David and Hannah Mr. & Mrs. David M. Glenn Lange Deborah Roudebush and Burling, in honor of Goetz Jamie Langlie David Larch Frida Burling Mr. and Mrs. Gregg H.S. Linda and Oscar Larson Barney Rush and Joan and Stephen Burns Golden Michael Lewallen and Marjorie Shaw J e ff B u r t o n Barbara Goldhammer Mike Platt Albert and Mary Salter Bill Busis and Leslie Hall Katherine Gordon Faith and John Lewis Marjorie and Matthew Leigh Culver and Eric Peter Gosselin John Longstreth Schneider Brodnax Lynn Gowen Tom Luminello, Jr. James and Judith T. Lynne Caldwell Bobby Gravitz Barbara Lynch and Smith Amanda Cannell-Boone Nelse L. Greenway Michael Pumple John and Roberta Stewart Paul Centenari Jane Griffi ths Christine and Bill and Susan Sweeney Ban Cheah Debbie Grossman and Christopher Magee Merrielou and Ned Vincent Chiappinelli and Alan Peel Bertha M. Martin Symes Suzanne Bakshian Diane Growitz Luella Mast Taylor Household Hope Childs Th e Guinnessy William and Pamela Jennifer and Jim Jack and Ann Clough Household Mattes Voorhees Pia and James Connell Denny and Frances Susan Maurizi Scott and Christy Cooper Household Gulick Jane McAllister Wallace Deborah K. Cooper Kathleen Guthrie and Anne and Jim Murphy Virginia and Chris White Elizabeth J. Cooper Tim Barner Th omas and Kathy Evelyn and Charles Marcia Crandall Judith Halsey and McGarril Winkels Betsy Cromwell Stephen Vanze Mary-Margaret McGrail Jim and Marca Laura Davis Norman Hammer Dorothy McGowan Woodhams Peter and Charlotte Dean Sheila Harrington and Tom and Joan McIntyre William Wurzel Phyllis Derrick James Symons Patricia McKee-Kastl Mac and Harriett Destler Caroline and George Lee G. McKnight Special Friends Jan Dommerholt and Harris Susan McLaughlin and ($100–249) Mona Mendelson Mary and Ted Hartz John McMahon Anonymous (2) Kenneth and Carol Lars Hanslin and Becky Kevin McLean Julia and David Alfaro Doran Klein Laird Selby and Roemer Sara and Ray Anderson Marshall Duer-Balkind Elaine Hawes McPhee Susan Armbruster Susan Dunham and Sara and John Hebeler Nancy Melito Gretchen Asmuth Daniel Schember Jim and Cathy Higgins Daniel and Claire Wendy and Nigel Astell Jacqueline H. Dunlavey Sarah Holmes & John Messing John Milns Baker and Morris

31 Victoria E. Metz Steve and Deb Schmal Cheryl Williams Adrianne Knapp Constance Miner Diane M. Schmit Beth & John Willis Catherine Lee Richard Moncure Th e S c h o fi e l d - L e ca Cathy Wiss and Chris Chris and Sara Lewis Blanche Moore Family Schumann Lucy Lowenthal Christine Morgan & Mitzi Schroeder Jim and Marietta Witt Ryck Lydecker Patrick Sidwell Richard and Joyce Fatima Yankey Beth Lynch Marilyn Morrison Schwartz Graham Yearley Lisa Martin Patricia and Eric Most Robert and Linda Sears Carol Yoder Judson McIntire Suzanne L. Munson Frances Sharon Christopher Zeilinger Jennifer Messersmith Ray and Jennifer Murphy Marlene Shaul and Ann Baker Sondra Mills Pam and Tom Nelson Jerilyn Ray Shelley Mavis Milne Katherine S. Nevius Elizabeth Shumate Friends ($25-99) Martin Misakian Bill and Louisa Newlin Vivien Siber Vivian Adle Kieran Mitchell Michael Niebling Cristina Silber Jeff and Lori Ashford Susan Mitchell Laura Norman Matthew Smith Meropi Athanasiou Andrew Moore Michael Noska Robert Snashall Ellen D. Badgley Rebecca Morehouse Larry Palmer Julia Snow Th omas H. Bethards Evan and Rosemary John Parisi and Jeff rey Solar Patricia Brown Mortimer Anne Broker Nikolai and Kathleen Phillip Brown and Cherie Mulder Elizabeth and Bill Sorokin Barbara Wolanin Tom Nardone and Edith Paulson Th omas Spilsbury Gary and Kay Burgunder Lam Rodney and Linda Jeff rey Sprowls Stevens Carol and David Natella Pendleton Dr. and Mrs. Laszlo Rives Carroll Susan Noon Sheila Peters Steingaszner Diane Carsten-Pelak Helen Panitt Mark Petry Janie Stirling Robert Cassady Ron and Mari Parker Johanna H. Pleijsier Janet and Fred Stollnitz Maria Castillo-Cadena Carla Peterson Roger Pollak and William Strang James P. Cole Lillian Pintea and Anna Whitney Pinger Katherina Sullivan Linda Cornelius and White John Pomeranz and Richard and Marty Russell Damtoft Colleen and Clark Reed Kathi Overton Summerour Tad Czyzewski Joanna Robin Robert Posner Susan Swope and Shirley Judith Davis Ruth and Peter Salinger Eleanor K. Pourron Tannenbaum Tamara de la Camp Jenny Sammis Lee Pushkin Sheila Harrington and Margaret Dennis In honor of Oran Sandel David and Shirley James Symons Aimee Doyle J e ff r e y S e a m a n Putnam Andrew Teter Hugh Eckert and Stacia Carol Ann Sicilano Jim Quinn Ann and William Schwartz Meghan Siritzky Steve and Marie Reed Tierney Sarah Farmer Dr. Kerric St. Clair Lois Reynolds Ruthanne Topping Ashley Flory Harvey Ian Roberts and Kathy Leslie Tucker Caroline Furlow William and Katharine Seikel Elizabeth Ussery Ruth Gaumond Stewart Michaela Spehn and Andras P. Varadi Roberta Geier Rebecca Stone Craig Haimson Penny & Al Veerhoff Laurence Gingold Mary Hall Surface and Judith Robison John Veilleux Carol Goter Robinson Kevin Reese Albert Rogers Kelly Vielmo Jennifer Greene Paul Tilles Ignacio Rojas David Vossler Lila Guterman Elizabeth Tipson Kathy Rones Kathleen East Walker Alan Haeberle Julia Tossell Kathy Rosenbaum Kathy Wallman Nancy and Keith Virginia J. Vitucci Nancy Rowe John D. Ward Harrington Tzvety and Bryndyn Suzanne and Stephen Michal W. Warshow Lawrence P. Hayes Weiner Rudzinski Jeanne Warth Ximena Hernandez-Cata Andrew White Rosemary and Sylvester Julia Washburn and Bill Donald Hinman Nadine M. White Ryan Kules Eric Holdsworth Th omas H. Wolfe In honor of Oran Sandel Margaret Weekes-Allen Tim Holland Martha A. Young- In memory of Oran Diana Wells Joanne and Powell Freedberg Sandel Mr. and Mrs. Porter Hutton S u s a n Z w e i g h a ft Jeff and Ellen Sandel Wheeler Paulette and Tom Irwin Sarah Sandel Th omas Wilkens Barry Johnson Sharon and William Ann Williams Andrew Kaelin Schaefer Maja Keech

32