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Folk Music of Norway Front cover photograph: Hardanger fiddle from 1 Fanitullen (The Devil’s Tune) 13 Hamburger-polka fra Hardanger Rauland, Telemark, once owned by the composer Eivind Groven. Knut Buen Hardanger fiddle 14 Springleik fra Jostedalen Back cover photograph: fragment of the Baldishol 2 Kjerringa med staven (The Old Wife with the Staff) Vestlandsgruppa band tapestry from the Oslo Museum of Applied Art Hanne Kjersti Buen singing with 15 Springar fra Hardanger Kunst industrimuseeti Oslo. Knut Buen Hardanger fiddle fiddlers of Vestlandsgruppa Production and notes by L Y Daliot 3 Rotnheimsknut (halling) 16 Slåttestev (dance songs) Recorded in Norway, October and December 1976 and January 1977 4 Gangar etter Myllarguten (walking dance) 17 Haugebonden (ballad) Mastering by Patricius Bryn Knut Buen Hardanger fiddle Agnes Buen Garnås singing Photography by Lavasir Nordrum 5 Møykjaeringsvise (spinster’s song) 18 Fanteladda (dance tune) Sleeve design by Tony Ruxell 6 Threestev about the hulder (cattle songs) 19 I Oletjadden (pastoral melody) First published by TOPIC 1977 A SINAR A/S (OSLO) PRODUCTION 7 So er drengjen i uppvokstre (Boys in Their Youth) Elizabeth Kvaerne langeleik 8 Bånsuller (three lullabies) 20 Når mitt øie, trett av møie Hanne Kjersti Buen singing (When My Eye, Tired of Troubles) (hymn) 9 Katt-Ola-Visa 21 Store Store Gud (Great Great God) (hymn) Edvard Ruud singing Sondre Bratland singing 10 Nordfjordingen (springar) 22 Myllarguten bruremarsj 11 Ramsen (springar) (bridal march by Myllarguten) Hauk Buen Hardanger fiddle 23 Fanitullen (The Devil’s Tune) (second version) 12 Bruremarsj (wedding march) Knut Buen Hardanger fiddle Knut and Hauk Buen Hardanger fiddles Genuine folk music as part of an old and lively national Norwegians of the isolated rural districts are particularly culture is still flourishing in Norway, a country with a wild proud of their folk traditions. Every year in summer-time nature, numerous valleys, snow-covered mountains, lakes, local folk contests called kappleik are held in the various deep forests, glorious fjords, remote communities, dark and districts. Many players, singers and dancers with their long winters and shining summer nights. Norway has a long national costumes participate in these folk festivals. A and rich tradition of musical expression. Norwegian folk kappleik is never arranged for tourists. At rustic weddings music has survived through many generations and historical fiddlers still play the old ceremonial music. Norwegian folk changes. Old folk tunes have kept surprisingly well, better musicians, particularly the fiddlers, are organized in local than in the neighbouring lands and in some of the other groups all over the country and have their committees, industrial countries. The selection on this record represents meetings, publications and common activities. The Folk Music of Norway some of the main types and styles of living folk-playing and Norwegian Broadcasting (NRK) transmits a weekly Sunday singing, with their special sound and moods, from south programme of authentic Norwegian folk music. As a whole, 03 west and central parts of Norway. The players and singers are Norwegian folk music may be characterized as very versatile, some of the most outstanding folk musicians of the younger with old and new things side by side. However, if one wants generation who carry on the folk traditions of their districts. to find the characteristics of genuine Norwegian folk music, it is necessary to look among the old types. Norwegian folk The Hardanger fiddleHardingfele ( ) takes a central place on tunes often have a shape related to the medieval type of this record. This special peasant fiddle, with four melody melody making; the ‘church’ modes are common. Intervals strings and four underlying sympathetic strings, is almost which differ from those used in modern art music very often a national symbol like the bagpipes of the Highlanders. As occur. Theslåtter (old dance tunes) show an audacious and Henrik lbsen describes it in his Peer Gynt, ‘It ripples and ‘irregular’ rhythm. sings like a stream at a waterfall.’ Besides the Hardanger fiddle, the record includes typical folk singing from the farm- life of the farmers and mountaineers, old religious folk songs, ancient echo tunes of the langeleik (a kind of fretted zither) and old-time dances played by a group of country fiddlers. TSDL351 The distinction between the vocal and the instrumental in The strongest foreign influence on West Norwegian folk Norwegian folk music is mainly a practical one. No absolute music has been the Scottish. For centuries there was a close distinction exists. Often we find the same musical motives contact between the Norwegians and the Scots, especially in a vocal melody as in a piece played on folk instruments. from 1500-1800, and it is very likely that Scotsmen brought The tunes and songs included in this record may serve with them songs and instruments with sympathetic strings as evidence of this close connection between vocal and on their trade expeditions to West Norway. We know instrumental folk music. Many of the dance melodies, also that in England, around 1300, there were several wedding marches and other instrumental pieces have instruments which had sympathetic strings. their origin in vocal folk music, and many folk songs have originated in instrumental folk music. Common features Background information and details about Norwegian folk Folk Music of Norway are: musical ornamentation, trills, grace notes and other instruments (Hardanger fiddle and langeleik) the folk music decorations similar to the highly decorated Norwegian rose- and its performers, translations and texts are included here. 04 painting, variations of small basic motives and a rhythm which is always ‘complicated’ and alive. This music, vocal Denne plate inneholder et variert utvalg av norsk vokal og and instrumental, more than any other expresses the basic instrumental folkemusikk i levende tradisjon i dag. Den gir character of the people who produce and make it. et representativt bilde av og utsyn over norsk folkemusikk, slik den lever videre i fortsettelse og utvikling av de gamle Three original tunes (3, 4 and 22) are peasant melodies tradisjoner. Men samtidig er det lagt vekt på den musikalske adapted by Grieg in his famous piano work Slåtter, op. 72. kvalitet, og på at platen skal vaere morsom og interessant å Two compositions for Hardanger fiddle are by the legendary lytte til. fiddler Myllarguten. Fanitullen (track 1) is a piece for Hardanger fiddle used by Johan Halvorsen in his suite for Hardingfela har fått en sentral plass på platen. Denne Hardanger fiddle and orchestra,Fossegrimen . This folk tune, spesielle fiolin, med 4 strenger og 4-5 understrenger, er known in various versions, was a pop hit in Norway and nesten som et nasjonalt symbol. Videre inneholder platen en internationally, a few years ago. The folk singing is generally rekke folkeviser og folkesanger, med emner fra dagliglivet på unaccompanied. Norwegian folk songs (except the hymns) gårder og setre, vakre religiøse folketoner gamle melodier for are usually sung in the various dialects still in everyday use. langeleik, og gammeldans spilt av en gruppe felespillere. These regional dialects have preserved many old forms. The texts of the religious folk songs are usually from old hymn Den norske folkemusikken har en rekke saertrekk, som books (in Danish-Norwegian). atskiller den fra vanlig kunstmusikk, f.eks. brukes ofte andre intervaller, herunder kvarttoner, og skalaer beslektet med gamle kirketonearter. Rytmene, f.eks. i enkelte danser, kan vaere helt spesielle. TSDL351 Melodiene og sangene på denne platen viser den naere 1 Fanitullen (The Devil’s Tune) forbindelse mellom det vokale og instrumentale i norsk This is a very popularslått , similar to a halling (dance), folkemusikk. Ofte finner vi de samme musikalske motiver i which became a hit a few years ago in a pop arrangement. en sang som i et instrumentalstykke. Originally Fanitullen is a traditional tune for Hardanger fiddle. It was used by the Norwegian composer and Rikdommen og omfanget av de gamle tradisjoner i conductor Johan Halvorsen (1864-1935) in his enchanting norsk folkemusikk har gjort den til en uuttømmelig work Fossegrimen (The Elf of the Waterfall), usually heard inspirasjonskilde for norske komponister. På platen høres tre as a suite in which the Hardanger fiddle makes its debut as slåtter som er de samme som ble brukt av Grieg i hans kjente a solo instrument in a modern symphony orchestra. The verk for piano, Slåtter, opus 72. Fanitullen ble også brukt av slått is played in various versions. On this record Fanitullen Folk Music of Norway Johan Halvorsen i hans suite Fossegrimen is performed by Knut Buen in the folk style, full of drive and inspiration, in two versions (at the beginning and end 05 De originale norske tekster til de forskjellige sanger er inkludert i of the record). det illustrerte heftet som følger med platen. 2 Kjerringa med staven (The Old Wife with the Staff) This is a simple folk song with nonsense syllables, known to every child in Norway. Knut and Hanne Kjersti Buen often perform this song in their school concerts with the whole class, pupils and teachers, joining in dancing western springar (a common Norwegian folk-dance). Here, Knut Buen accompanies Hanne Kjersti on the Hardanger fiddle. The song is here combined with another traditional song, Hei, så dansa jenta mi (Hey-ho, my girl danced). Kjerringa med staven høgt oppi Hakkedalen Åtte potter rømme, fire merker smør så kjinna Kari, Ola hadde før Kjerringa med staven høgt oppi Hakkedalen TSDL351 Kjerringa med kjeppen 3 Rotnheimsknut (halling) hoppa over bekken This piece is named after a man called Knut from Hallingdal, Men så dart ho nedi og så blei ho blaut who apparently danced it so well that he became identified Og så drog ho heimatt, og ho koka graut with it. Thehalling is a solo acrobatic dance for men, in 2/4 Kjerringa med kjeppen time.