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Diplomová Práce Univerzita Hradec Králové Pedagogická fakulta Diplomová práce 2020 Michal Hroch Univerzita Hradec Králové Pedagogická fakulta Hudební katedra Skladby E. H. Griega v kontextu norských reálií a jejich využití ve výuce hudební výchovy na středních školách Diplomová práce Autor: Bc. Michal Hroch Studijní program: B7507 Specializace v pedagogice Studijní obor: Učitelství pro střední školy – ruský jazyk a literatura Učitelství pro střední školy – hudební výchova Vedoucí práce: PhDr. Dana Soušková, Ph.D. Oponent práce: PhDr. Helena Karnetová Hradec Králové 2020 Prohlášení Prohlašuji, že jsem tuto diplomovou práci vypracoval (pod vedením vedoucí diplomové práce) samostatně a uvedl jsem všechny použité zdroje informací. V Hradci Králové dne Poděkování Děkuji PhDr. Daně Souškové, Ph.D. za odborné vedení práce, za ochotu, pomoc, poskytování rad a trpělivost. Také chci poděkovat rodině za psychickou podporu během psaní práce. Anotace HROCH, Michal. Skladby E. H. Griega v kontextu norských reálií a jejich využití ve výuce hudební výchovy na středních školách. Hradec Králové: Pedagogická fakulta Univerzity Hradec Králové, 2020. 119 s. Diplomová práce. Diplomová práce je koncipována jako doplňující materiál pro střední školy. Teoretická část zpracovává kulturu a reálie Norska, biografii a tvorbu Edvarda Hagerupa Griega a drama Peer Gynt Henrika Ibsena. Praktická část předkládá několik příkladů využití díla Peer Gynt ve výuce hudební výchovy a nabízí uplatnění teoretických informací prostřednictvím návrhu projektové výuky. Klíčová slova: Norsko, Skandinávie, norská kultura, Edvard Hagerup Grieg, Henrik Ibsen, Peer Gynt, hudební výchova, projektová výuka Annotation HROCH, Michal. Compositions by E. H. Grieg in the context of Norwegian realities and their use in the teaching of music education at secondary schools. Hradec Králové: Faculty of Education, University of Hradec Králové, 2020. 119 pp. Diploma Thesis. The Diploma Thesis is conceived as supplementary material for secondary schools. The teoratical part processing norwegian life and institutions, the biography and work of Edvard Hagerup Grieg and the drama Peer Gynt by Henrik Ibsen. The practical part presents several examples of the use of Peer Gynt’s work in teaching music education and offers the application of theoretical information through project- based learning. Keywords: Norway, Scandinavia, norwegian culture, Edvard Hagerup Grieg, Henrik Ibsen, Peer Gynt, Music, project teaching Obsah Úvod ........................................................................................................................... 10 1 Reálie Norska ......................................................................................................... 12 1.1 Geografie Norska ......................................................................................................... 12 1.1.1 Fyzická geografie Norska ..................................................................................... 12 1.1.2 Socio-ekonomická geografie Norska .................................................................... 13 1.1.3 Místa propojená s norskou kulturou ...................................................................... 15 1.1.3.1 Oslo ............................................................................................................... 15 1.1.3.2 Bergen ........................................................................................................... 16 1.1.3.3 Ostatní místa ................................................................................................. 17 1.2 Dějiny Norska .............................................................................................................. 18 1.2.1 Vikingové .............................................................................................................. 18 1.2.2 Středověk .............................................................................................................. 18 1.2.3 Kalmarská unie a dějiny do 20. století .................................................................. 19 1.2.4 Světové války ........................................................................................................ 20 1.2.5 Poválečné dějiny ................................................................................................... 21 1.3 Severská mytologie ...................................................................................................... 21 1.3.1 Hlavní bohové ....................................................................................................... 21 1.3.2 Další postavy severské mytologie ......................................................................... 22 1.4 Významní Norové ........................................................................................................ 23 1.4.1 Norští sportovci ..................................................................................................... 23 1.4.2 Norští mořeplavci .................................................................................................. 24 1.4.3 Norští výtvarníci.................................................................................................... 24 1.4.4 Norští spisovatelé .................................................................................................. 26 1.4.4.1 Spisovatelé Velké čtyřky .............................................................................. 26 1.4.4.2 Současní spisovatelé ..................................................................................... 27 1.4.5 Norští skladatelé .................................................................................................... 27 1.4.5.1 Skladatelé romantismu .................................................................................. 28 1.5 Norská lidová hudba .................................................................................................... 29 2 Biografie Edvarda Hagerupa Griega ................................................................... 31 2.1 Griegův vztah k Čechám .............................................................................................. 34 3 Tvorba Edvarda Griega ........................................................................................ 37 3.1 Klavírní tvorba ............................................................................................................. 37 3.1.1 Lyrické kusy .......................................................................................................... 41 3.2 Komorní tvorba ............................................................................................................ 42 3.3 Orchestrální tvorba ....................................................................................................... 44 3.4 Písňová a sborová tvorba ............................................................................................. 48 4 Peer Gynt ................................................................................................................ 51 4.1 Hlavní myšlenky díla, charakteristika Peera Gynta ..................................................... 51 4.2 Postavy a děj ................................................................................................................ 52 4.3 Scénická hudba ke hře Peer Gynt ................................................................................. 55 5 Osobnost E. H. Griega a scénická hudba Peer Gynt ve výuce hudební výchovy ...................................................................................................................... 57 5.1 Hudební portrét skladatele ........................................................................................... 57 5.2 Peer Gynt v hudebních činnostech ............................................................................... 62 5.2.1 Hra na tělo prostřednictvím rytmického partu ...................................................... 62 5.2.2 Přiřazování hudebních ukázek k textům ............................................................... 63 5.2.3 Analýza prvků nonartificiální hudby..................................................................... 66 5.2.4 Elementární analýza skladby ................................................................................. 69 5.2.5 Vokálně instrumentální činnost ............................................................................. 71 5.2.6 Pohybová etuda (Gangar) ...................................................................................... 73 5.3 Ověření aktivit v praxi .............................................................................................. 75 6 Návrh projektové výuky ........................................................................................ 77 Závěr .......................................................................................................................... 81 Seznam zdrojů ........................................................................................................... 82 Seznam příloh ............................................................................................................ 85 Přílohy .......................................................................................................................... 1 Úvod Diplomová práce je zaměřena především na mého nejoblíbenějšího skladatele – Edvarda Hagerupa Griega. Během studia na vysoké škole mě fascinovala jeho hudební řeč a zároveň jsem shledával analogii vlastenectví ve vztazích Smetana a Čechy, Grieg a
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