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Comparing Historical and Modern Methods of Sea Surface Temperature
EGU Journal Logos (RGB) Open Access Open Access Open Access Advances in Annales Nonlinear Processes Geosciences Geophysicae in Geophysics Open Access Open Access Natural Hazards Natural Hazards and Earth System and Earth System Sciences Sciences Discussions Open Access Open Access Atmospheric Atmospheric Chemistry Chemistry and Physics and Physics Discussions Open Access Open Access Atmospheric Atmospheric Measurement Measurement Techniques Techniques Discussions Open Access Open Access Biogeosciences Biogeosciences Discussions Open Access Open Access Climate Climate of the Past of the Past Discussions Open Access Open Access Earth System Earth System Dynamics Dynamics Discussions Open Access Geoscientific Geoscientific Open Access Instrumentation Instrumentation Methods and Methods and Data Systems Data Systems Discussions Open Access Open Access Geoscientific Geoscientific Model Development Model Development Discussions Open Access Open Access Hydrology and Hydrology and Earth System Earth System Sciences Sciences Discussions Open Access Ocean Sci., 9, 683–694, 2013 Open Access www.ocean-sci.net/9/683/2013/ Ocean Science doi:10.5194/os-9-683-2013 Ocean Science Discussions © Author(s) 2013. CC Attribution 3.0 License. Open Access Open Access Solid Earth Solid Earth Discussions Comparing historical and modern methods of sea surface Open Access Open Access The Cryosphere The Cryosphere temperature measurement – Part 1: Review of methods, Discussions field comparisons and dataset adjustments J. B. R. Matthews School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada Correspondence to: J. B. R. Matthews ([email protected]) Received: 3 August 2012 – Published in Ocean Sci. Discuss.: 20 September 2012 Revised: 31 May 2013 – Accepted: 12 June 2013 – Published: 30 July 2013 Abstract. Sea surface temperature (SST) has been obtained 1 Introduction from a variety of different platforms, instruments and depths over the past 150 yr. -
Captain Arthur Rostron
CAPTAIN ARTHUR ROSTRON CARPATHIA Created by: Jonathon Wild Campaign Director – Maelstrom www.maelstromdesign.co.uk CONTENTS 1 CAPTAIN ARTHUR ROSTRON………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………3-6 CUNARD LINE…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………7-8 CAPTAIN ARTHUR ROSTRON CONT…….….……………………………………………………………………………………………………….8-9 RMS CARPATHIA…………………………………………………….…………………………………………………………………………………….9-10 SINKING OF THE RMS TITANIC………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…11-17 CAPTAIN ARTHUR ROSTRON CONT…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….18-23 R.M.S CARPATHIA – Copyright shipwreckworld.com 2 CAPTAIN ARTHUR ROSTRON Sir Arthur Henry Rostron, KBE, RD, RND, was a seafaring officer working for the Cunard Line. Up until 1912, he was an unknown person apart from in nautical circles and was a British sailor that had served in the British Merchant Navy and the Royal Naval Reserve for many years. However, his name is now part of the grand legacy of the Titanic story. The Titanic needs no introduction, it is possibly the most known single word used that can bring up memories of the sinking of the ship for the relatives, it will reveal a story that is still known and discussed to this day. And yet, Captain Rostron had no connections with the ship, or the White Star Line before 1912. On the night of 14th/15th April 1912, because of his selfless actions, he would be best remembered as the Captain of the RMS Carpathia who rescued many hundreds of people from the sinking of the RMS Titanic, after it collided with an iceberg in the middle of the North Atlantic Ocean. Image Copyright 9gag.com Rostron was born in Bolton on the 14th May 1869 in the town of Bolton. His birthplace was at Bank Cottage, Sharples to parents James and Nancy Rostron. -
Clipper Ship Mail
Crimean War’s impact on mail from Australia, 1855-1857 Purpose Background This exhibit illustrates the Crimean War’s effect on Great Britain and France declared war against Russia conveyance of mail from Australia, when contract in March 1854. In November 1854 General Screw steamships commandeered by the Admiralty for war Steamship Co. withdrew from its contract for carrying service were replaced by clipper ships. Covers docu- Australian mails when the Admiralty began comman- ment the resultant reversion to sail and the perform- deering their steamships for use in the Crimean War. ance of the clippers as mail carriers. The P&O followed suit in December, leaving Australia Scope & Organization without scheduled steam service; foreign mails then The exhibit begins with a letter carried by the last reverted to conveyance by sailing ship. steamship to depart Australia during the war, cap- Fortunately, by the 1850s hull and rigging designs ping a year of dwindling steamer availability. It then had greatly improved in the form of clipper ships. First continues through three periods: built in Boston by Donald McKay, these full-rigged • Single-voyage contracts in early 1855, as steam- vessels were the world’s fastest ships, and were sturdy ships became increasingly unavailable; enough to take advantage of the strong prevailing • Continuous contracts from June 1855 through westerlies below 40° S. 1856 with the Black Ball and White Star Lines; Clippers sailed from Liverpool via the two-capes route : • Noncontract clipper sailings in 1856 and 1857. around Cape of Good Hope, a stop at Melbourne, The exhibit concludes with an early 1857 cover that then with few exceptions a return to Liverpool via marks the return of contract steamship service. -
Coordination Failure and the Sinking of Titanic
The Sinking of the Unsinkable Titanic: Mental Inertia and Coordination Failures Fu-Lai Tony Yu Department of Economics and Finance Hong Kong Shue Yan University Abstract This study investigates the sinking of the Titanic from the theory of human agency derived from Austrian economics, interpretation sociology and organizational theories. Unlike most arguments in organizational and management sciences, this study offers a subjectivist perspective of mental inertia to understand the Titanic disaster. Specifically, this study will argue that the fall of the Titanic was mainly due to a series of coordination and judgment failures that occurred simultaneously. Such systematic failures were manifested in the misinterpretations of the incoming events, as a result of mental inertia, by all parties concerned in the fatal accident, including lookouts, telegram officers, the Captain, lifeboat crewmen, architects, engineers, senior management people and owners of the ship. This study concludes that no matter how successful the past is, we should not take experience for granted entirely. Given the uncertain future, high alertness to potential dangers and crises will allow us to avoid iceberg mines in the sea and arrived onshore safely. Keywords: The R.M.S. Titanic; Maritime disaster; Coordination failure; Mental inertia; Judgmental error; Austrian and organizational economics 1. The Titanic Disaster So this is the ship they say is unsinkable. It is unsinkable. God himself could not sink this ship. From Butler (1998: 39) [The] Titanic… will stand as a monument and warning to human presumption. The Bishop of Winchester, Southampton, 1912 Although the sinking of the Royal Mail Steamer Titanic (thereafter as the Titanic) is not the largest loss of life in maritime history1, it is the most famous one2. -
Titanic Survivor Violet Jessop Titanic Survivor by Violet Jessop, Ed
Suggested Reading: Titanic Survivor Violet Jessop Titanic Survivor by Violet Jessop, ed. John Maxtone-Graham (1998). Stewardess Violet Jessop shares stories about life on grand ocean liners of the golden era of transatlantic travel, as well as her experiences surviving the sinkings of both the RMS Titanic in 1912 and the HMHS Britannic in 1916. 882½ Amazing Answers to Your Questions about Titanic by Hugh Brewster (1999). A fun book packed with facts about Titanic. A top-seller among Titanic books, aimed at a children’s audience but fascinating for all ages. Down With the Old Canoe: A Cultural History of the Titanic Disaster by Steven Biel (1996). A scholarly yet fun study of myths the disaster inspired, from songs to political speeches to musicals. A Night to Remember by Walter Lord (1955). Walter Lord’s classic minute-by-minute account of the last night of the Titanic remains the most riveting account of the collision and its aftermath. Based on extensive interviews with survivors. My top pick for readers new to the Titanic. Titanic: An Illustrated History by Don Lynch, paintings by Ken Marschall (1992). A magnificent, lavishly illustrated book that tells the full story of the Titanic, from her building and launch to the sinking and the recovery, created by a leading Titanic historian and the foremost Titanic painter. HMHS Britannic: The Last Titan by Simon Mills (1992). A brief history of the Titanic’s forgotten sister ship, which sank after hitting a German mine during World War I. Timeline of Violet Jessop Oct. 1, 1887 Born in Argentina, the oldest child of Irish immigrants 1908 Joins Royal Mail Line as a stewardess. -
Hitler's American Model
Hitler’s American Model The United States and the Making of Nazi Race Law James Q. Whitman Princeton University Press Princeton and Oxford 1 Introduction This jurisprudence would suit us perfectly, with a single exception. Over there they have in mind, practically speaking, only coloreds and half-coloreds, which includes mestizos and mulattoes; but the Jews, who are also of interest to us, are not reckoned among the coloreds. —Roland Freisler, June 5, 1934 On June 5, 1934, about a year and a half after Adolf Hitler became Chancellor of the Reich, the leading lawyers of Nazi Germany gathered at a meeting to plan what would become the Nuremberg Laws, the notorious anti-Jewish legislation of the Nazi race regime. The meeting was chaired by Franz Gürtner, the Reich Minister of Justice, and attended by officials who in the coming years would play central roles in the persecution of Germany’s Jews. Among those present was Bernhard Lösener, one of the principal draftsmen of the Nuremberg Laws; and the terrifying Roland Freisler, later President of the Nazi People’s Court and a man whose name has endured as a byword for twentieth-century judicial savagery. The meeting was an important one, and a stenographer was present to record a verbatim transcript, to be preserved by the ever-diligent Nazi bureaucracy as a record of a crucial moment in the creation of the new race regime. That transcript reveals the startling fact that is my point of departure in this study: the meeting involved detailed and lengthy discussions of the law of the United States. -
The Role of Transatlantic Shipping Companies in Euro-American Relations
Ports as tools of european expansion The Role of Transatlantic Shipping Companies in Euro-American Relations Antoine RESCHE ABSTRACT Between the arrival of transatlantic steamships in the 1830s and the popularization of air transport in the 1950s, shipping companies provided the only means of crossing the Atlantic, for both people as well as goods and mail. Often linked to governments by agreements, notably postal ones, they also had the important mission of representing national prestige, particularly in the United Kingdom, but also in France, Germany, and the United States. Their study thus makes it possible to determine what the promising migratory flows were during different periods, and how they were shared between the different companies. Ownership of these companies also became an issue that transcended borders, as in the case of the trust belonging to the financier John Pierpont Morgan, the International Mercantile Marine Company, which included British and American companies. A major concern from the viewpoint of states, their most prestigious ships became veritable ambassadors tasked with exporting the know-how and culture of their part of the world. Advertising poster for the Norddeutscher Lloyd company, around 1903. Source : Wikipédia Immigrant children in Ellis Island. Photograph by Brown Brothers, around 1908. Records of the Public Health Service, (90-G-125-29). Source : National Archives and Records Administration. Transatlantic Shipping Companies, Essential Actors in Euro-American Relations? Beginning with the first crossing in 1838 made exclusively with steam power, transatlantic lines were the centre of attention: until the coming of the airplane as a means of mass transportation in the 1950s, the sea was the only way to go from Europe to the United States. -
A Century at Sea Jul
Guernsey's A Century at Sea (Day 1) Newport, RI Friday - July 19, 2019 A Century at Sea (Day 1) Newport, RI 1: NS Savannah Set of China (31 pieces) USD 800 - 1,200 A collection of thirty-one (31) pieces of china from the NS Savannah. This set of china includes the following pieces: two (2) 10" round plates, three (3) 9 1/2" round plates, one (1) 10" novelty plate, one (1) 9 1/4" x 7" oval plate, one (1) 7 1/4" round plate, four (4) 6" round plates, one (1) ceramic drinking pitcher, one (1) cappachino cup and saucer (diameter of 4 1/2"), two (2) coffee cups and saucers (diameter 4"), one (1) 3 1/2" round cup, one (1) 3" x 3" round cup, one (1) 2 1/2" x 3" drinking glass, one (1) mini cognac glass, two (2) 2" x 4 1/2" shot glasses, three (3) drinking glasses, one (1) 3" x 5" wine glass, two (2) 4 1/2" x 8 3/4" silver dishes. The ship was remarkable in that it was the first nuclear-powered merchant ship. It was constructed with funding from United States government agencies with the mission to prove that the US was committed to the proposition of using atomic power for peace and part of President Eisenhower's larger "Atoms for Peace" project. The sleek and modern design of the ship led to some maritime historians believing it was the prettiest merchant ship ever built. This china embodies both the mission of using nuclear power for peace while incorporating the design inclinations of the ship. -
Arbon, Anthony Lyle PRG 1190/11 Special List ______
___________________________________________________________________ Arbon, Anthony Lyle PRG 1190/11 Special List ___________________________________________________________________ Outsize illustrations of ships 750 illustrations from published sources. These illustrations are not duplicated in the Arbon-Le Maiste collection. Sources include newspaper cuttings and centre-spreads from periodicals, brochures, calendar pages, posters, sketches, plans, prints, and other reproductions of artworks. Most are in colour. Please note the estimated date ranges relate to the ships illustrated, not year of publication. See Series 11/14 for Combined select index to Series 11 arranged alphabetically by ships name. REQUESTING ITEMS: Please provide both ships name and full location details. Unnumbered illustrations are filed in alphabetical order under the name of the first ship mentioned in the caption. ___________________________________________________________________ 1. Illustrations of sailing ships. c1780-. 230 illustrations. Arranged alphabetically by name of ship. 2. Illustrations mainly of ocean going motor powered ships. Excludes navy vessels (see Series 3,4 & 5) c1852- 150 illustrations. Merchant shipping, including steamships, passenger liners, cargo vessels, tankers, container ships etc. Includes a few river steamers and paddleboats. Arranged alphabetically by name of ship. 3. Illustrations of Australian warships. c1928- 21 illustrations Arranged alphabetically by name of ship. 4. Australian general naval illustrations, including warship badges, -
Carrying Canadian Troops
Carrying Canadian Troops The Story of RMS Olympic as a First World War Troopship David R. Gray Introduction sources provide interesting details of n the long adventurous life of Royal the experiences of sailing on the vessel IMail Ship (RMS) Olympic, the older and of life on board, including the sister of the ill-fated RMS Titanic, the difficulties of embarkation and disembarkation, the danger from time she spent as a troopship ferrying Canadian troops during the First World submarines, and the general supply and handling of this large ship in frequently War is a notable but frequently overlooked part of her career. Olympic hazardous circumstances. was cheered enthusiastically by Canadian troops who sailed aboard her, Prewar History respected as the “Old Reliable,” praised for ie first of three similar sister-ships, that services rendered to other ships, and honoured T included the Titanic an d the Britannic, the for her own success in attacking an enemy Olympic was built by Harland & Wolff in Belfast submarine. Carrying more Canadian soldiers and launched as RMS Olympic in 1910, a year than any other troopship, O lympic w as an earlier than Titanic, with her maiden voyage important part of Canada’s war effort. taking place in 1911. As the newest and largest of the trans-Atlantic liners, O lym pic w as Able to accommodate close to 6000 troops described with all the superlatives later applied at a time, Olympic made ten round trips from to Titanic: “Ocean Greyhound,” “Finest Steamer Liverpool to Halifax between March and Afloat,” “Largest vessel in the World,” and “Queen December 1916. -
DSO Listing Printed 18/6/11
WW1 DSO Listing printed 18/6/11 HMS CONWAY - WORLD WAR ONE Companions of the Distinguished Service Order Major Sydney Vere Appleyard (1897/99), Australian Army Medical Corps LG 30389 dated 19/11/1917 Awards the DSO: “He established a forward dressing station immediately at the rear of the front line during an attack, and attended continuously to the wounded, frequently going out and dressing cases in the open under heavy shell fire … his fearlessness under fire was an inspiration to all”. The Conway Honours board records the award of a Bar to the DSO; however, the Australian War Memorial Records show that he was recommended twice for the DSO, once on 7 October 1917 and then again on 21 October 1917. On the 28th December he was Mentioned in Dispatches; the only award of the DSO was gazetted in London on 19th November 1917. Nothing further is known about this Old Conway who “swallowed the anchor” and became a doctor - and dedicated himself to his patients in the carnage on the Western Front. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Lieutenant Geoffrey Howard Barnish (1900/02?) RNR LG 30900 dated 13/09/1918 Awards the DSO: “For services in action with enemy submarines” A terse citation which hides a remarkable story. HMS Fairy was an elderly Torpedo Boat Destroyer built in 1898 operating as an anti-submarine escort under the command of Geoffrey Barnish which tangled with a German submarine UC 75 off Flamborough Head on the night of 31 May 1918. A merchant ship that was being attacked by the submarine managed to ram her and force her to the surface; Fairy arrived on the scene and rammed the submarine; she was in turn herself rammed, but then finally rammed and sank the U-Boat before she herself sank. -
Seacity Map 05.19.28679.Indd
COLLECTION HIGHLIGHTS USEFUL AT SEACITY MUSEUM INFORMATION Opening times: CAPTAIN SMITH’S Open 7 days a week, 10am – 5pm including SWORD Bank Holidays. The museum will be closed Christmas Day, Boxing Day and New Year’s Day. Captain Smith perished with Please check the website for changes to the Titanic. His Royal Naval opening times.* Reserve sword, donated by his family in 1912 now features in SeaCity Museum Telephone: 023 8083 3007 in the Southampton’s Titanic Story exhibition. Email: [email protected] MAP POCKET EXPLORE WATCH Group tours: Pre-booked guided tours are available for groups of adults and children; please contact the THE MUSEUM The pocket watch of Titanic Admin Team on 023 8083 4536 for more details Steward Sidney Sedunary of prices. is also featured in SeaCity Museum. It stopped at 10 minutes to 2, shortly before the Titanic sank. A few days later, the watch and other of Sidney’s possessions were recovered To keep up-to-date with developments at the from his body by the crew of the ship Mackay Bennett. museum please visit our website, or join us on Twitter or Facebook: QUEEN MARY MODEL Visit: www.seacitymuseum.co.uk www.facebook.com/seacitymuseum This large-scale model of the @seacitymuseum Queen Mary ship weighs over one tonne and is seven metres in length. It was the fi rst object to arrive at SeaCity Enjoyed your visit? Museum when it moved from Southampton’s former Please review us on Tripadvisor! Maritime Museum to its new permanent home. MORE TO DO All children under the age of 12 must be AND SEE accompanied by an adult.