V. ARGYLESHIKE INVADED, BUT NOT SUBDUED, BY UNGUS, KING OF THE PICTS, IN THE YEARS 736 AND 741. BY ARCHIBALD SMITH, M.D. wels i t lI known tha sone th tEiref so , called Lorn, Angus Fergusd an , , were the first Irish settlers and founders of the little kingdom of the Soots in Argyleshire. Of these three brothers, the founder of the tribe of Lorn was " Loaviu Mor." " Aongus " was the founder of the tribe of Angus, who settled in Islay; and the family of " Fergus Mor," separated grandsonso tw s hi n i , Comgal Gabhrand an l houseo e th tw , f inte o s th o sep f Congallo t gavo wh e, nam e sep o Cowalf th Gabhranet o t d an , , who retained the original settlement in Kiutyre arid Knapdale.1 These original tribes becam coursn i e f timeo e divided intrivao otw l 1 See Note Q, entitled " Ongiues Divlviailiuie, n lieeves'i " s Lif f Artomnano e , AliGYLESHIRE INVADED BY UNGUS, KING OF THE 1'ICTS. 413

houses, i.e., that of Lorn and of Fergus; the septs Comgall and Gabhran bein ge Fergusia botth f ho n race, whose united territory embracee th d whole of present Argyleshire, to the south of Loch Awe. The portion of present Argyleshire, lying north, north-east, and north-west of Loch Awe, was inhabitesouth-wese th tribe n th f Lorno e o y d b e territor an th t, f yo this trib boundes presene wa th y db t parishe Kilmartif so Craignislid nan . But the parish of Kilmichael G-lassary did not belong to the rural deanery anciene oth f t Lordshi Lornf rivee po Th Addr t ". o " At , which risen si the hill-land of the parish of Glassary, and sweeps on its course through mose th Crinaf seae so th , o appearsnt plaie th t leastna n i , havo t , e been the frontier line between the Fergusian race, occupying the lands of " Airgealla," or Argyll proper, and the rival tribe of Lorn. This parti- cular distric stils i t l know nativeo nt Araghaels sa , whil name th e e they give the county, as a whole, is Earra-ghael, or the portion of the Gael. The district name, viz., " Ar-a-ghael," is peculiarly expressive, for it literally means battle-fiele "th Gael.e whole th f Th do " e district appears to have been debatable ground between the tribe of Lorn on the one band, and the united tribes of Comgall and Gabhran (under the common .title of the " sept of Argyll") on the other; and all this small central area, only five miles across from Loch Crina o Lochfinet n s strewei , d over wit e monumentahth l cairn d monolithsan s that recor e deatth d h struggles,'not merele Celtith f co f yman o race t ybu , rival chiefsd an , probabl f manyo y nameless invaders from sea-board, throug hseriea f o s prehistoric ages. '' These are the tilings which, even nameless now, eartn o e h Ar forgot." With these preliminary remarks, let us now turn to the Annals of Tighernach d als f Ulsteran ,o , under date 719, where th e find w en o , joint authorit f thesyo e records e followinth , g entry :— " Doc xix battlA . t Finglea e n sono betweef Farquhao tw s e th n r the Long, in which Anfcellach had his throat cut, on Thursday the ides of September."i

n readinI 1 e Iristh g h Annale Scotth f so s in British Dalriada meee w , t with repeated allusions to Duinatt, Dunut, Dunaidh, and Dunad, all of which appear to onle h y different form orthographyf so signifo t , y theyaine nam placea f eo ; an Dio ds - skette enumerates them all as equivalents for the name of the fort called Dunad, on 4 41 PROCEEDING SOCIETYE TH F SO , MARCH 1868.

And under same dat fine et w alsi d o relate Tighernacy b d h a thatse ,a fight took plac t Airdeanesbia e , between Duncan-beg (kin Kintyref go ) tribe heae th f G-abhranth f eo d o t a Selvacd tribe heae an th , th ef dt o h a of Lorn, in which the action turned against Selvach. From these events we learn that, although Anfcellach had lost his life when contending wit s brothehi h r Selvac t Fin-glena h t permitte no e latte s th , wa ro t d reign supreme in Dalriada; for Duncan-beg was powerful enough to have confine territorian d ow Selvac s hi lo t hdominion , withi e divisionth f o n Lorn. Under the year 721, Tighernach records the death of Duncan- beg, in these words " Dunchadh Beg rex Cinntyre, moritur." He was rivee th rmos e Add th Crinan f sn o i , Gaelin I . c this rive names i r pronounced dan d At or Att, probably from the verb "at," to swell, as it is known to be particularly liable to inundations on the plain, when it rains on the uplands of the parish of presene th Glassary n i t dayBu ., when landed propert rapidls yi y changing owners in Argyleshire, and entirely new or corrupted arid much modified names are in process of being given to particular places of residence, historically connected with old Highland traditions, I may take this opportunity to observe that the name thus differently written, and applied to the single spot mentioned, is not a name as regards Argyleshire, whic bees hha n always confine stronghole th o dt e rive th n rdo " Att" alone. I shall also take the liberty of .offering a few remarks on the word " creich, t e Irisoccuri th s a h"n i sAnnal connection i s n with Duna r Dunado t . When under the year 736 (Ul. An.) we read, " Obtinuit Dunat et combussit creich," Tighernach a correspondin n i , g entr f samo y e date, writes, " Obtinnit Dunad et compulsit creich." The learned editor of the Irish Annals, 0.0'Connor, D.D., gives these word Tighernacf so constructionn ow hs glosa hi f so , i.e., " obtinuat muni- ment compulsit ae t praeda. thue W s" learn that, accordin O'Connor'o gt s interpreta- tion wore th , d " creich, hers "a e used, just mean same sth e with wore th d creachr ou n i Scottish Gaelic—that is, spoi r plundero l ; wherea assumee sh s that thn i , e Ulster Annals e verth , y same vocable means "regimes," whicf o e doe hh t eve sno n define the bounds. But I would humbly submit that the word " creich," as used in the original, whether in the combination " combussit creich," or of " compulsit creich," equally indicates the application of compulsory force, whether it be by fire or by sword; and these two forms of expression in languages may very well mean but one and the same event in time and place. On this point I believe that commene th t of Chalmers (" Caledonia," 293. volp quites . i i ). consistens a t with the languag e annalistsd minth an f e learne o s dth thai f s o ta , d editor O'Connor. Chalmers says, in reference to the invasion of Lorn by Ungus, king of the Picts, in 736, " He seized Duna and burnt Creic, two of the strengths of Loarn;" and sub- join notea n followss i a , , " Duna stoo Mid-Loarnn i d , some miles eas Dunollaf o t , chiee th whicf Loarn o e Loarfs seatth p wa h f n Blaeunma o i , dynastye th se Se . Atlas e . als35. Se d StatoNo , " Ol vol . x .Report , paris f Campbeltono h n I . AKGYLESHIKE INVADE UNGUSY DB 5 PICTSE , 41 KINTH F .G O

succeeded by Eochy III., the son of Eochy Eineval, who was descended of Fergus line G-abhranf th eo n ,i . This Eochy III. appear havo st e ably maintaine e independenth d t authorit d dominio an ye sep f th o tf o n Argyle and Kiotyre, in the same spirit with his predecessor Duncan-beg, who was descended from Fergus in the line of Comgall. In the year 727 (An. Ul.) we read of a conflict between Selvach and e trib th r famileo f Eochyyo grandsoe th , f Donal.no 1 Unde e yea(An0 rth 73 r. Ul. e deat)th f "Selvaco h h M'Fercair,f o " the regal house of Lorn, is recorded; and, according to Tighernach, " Eoch M'Each," or Eochy, the son of Eochy, whom this annalist styles

accordance with this interpretation, the word " creich " retains the same meaning, in both the Irish authorities of Tighernaoh and the Ul. Annals, without any wore discrepancyon d t abouno d t an ; " praeda, s introducea " e learneth y b dd O'Connor. In regard to topography also, Chalmers is supported by the fact, that clos Cillemoiry eb r Kilmoreeo Mid-Lornn i , s Dunati , Dunaidhr o h , about threr eo four miles south-east of Oban and Dunollaigh. Dunollaigh is phonetically written Duuolla Chalmers a , ; andit s , sha i n like manner, Dunat Dunaidhd han Gaelicn i , orthography, become Duna or Dunha, when phonetically written, the final consonant, "th d "dh"an " being quiescent r onlo , y aspirated. This place, unde s latit r e namd ol proprietorss e it modernise d ha s ha , changer do Dunachr Highd dfo ol t - bu ; landers in the district still call it by its old name. I may here notice, that in attempt- o identift g in y Dunmonaidh with Dunad r SkenD , e falls inte mistakth o f o e confoundin e worgth d " Dunmonaidh," which mean hill-forta s , with Dunmoine, e wordth e mossr whicsth r Fo for"Monadho f h.o t n signifieDu d e an th "s " Moine,Gaelie th e c se "Dictionary . 1 Selvach, having burnt Dunolla, it is probable that the residence of the regal family of Lorn would then, for a time at least, be transferred to the stronghold of Dunath, contiguous to Cillemoire, now occupied by the parish church and manse of Kilmore t whicbu , olden hi n time dedicateds swa s namit s ea , imports blessee th o t , d Virgin Mary. Does not the juxtaposition of Dunath and Kilmore suggest the idea that this " Dun," rather tha e Chapee place Virginnth th t th fir, s ef se to e o l ,wa unde e namth r f Cillemoireo e , e residencath s f Unguso f Aedainu o e so ?e th , And, further, does it not appear self-evident that, if in 736, Ungus, king of the Picts, had seized the fort of Dunatt, on the frontier of the Argyll dynasty, in the moss of Crinan, that he must have soon had to abandon it? For why else should his son Aedain, in 749, be found in Cillemoire as his head-quarters, thus leaving the whole nethermost regions of the territory of Lorn, from Kilmore to Kilmartin, open to hostile attack from the side of Argyll proper, Knapdale, Cowal, and Kintyre, with its adjacent Isles, which together form the largest portion of Dalriada, and which t appeadono havo t r etimy beean e t na broke e Pictis upon th ni y nb h invader? 416 IMtOGEEDlNG SOCIETYE TH F O S , MAKCH 1868.

"King of Dalriada," died in 733. By attending chronologically to the entries of the above events, we learn that Eochy Til. had only assumed hi the early part of his reign, which, according to Tighernach, he com- menced in the year 726, the rule over the sept of Argyll and Kintyre; but, on the death of his rival Selvach, who ruled over the tribe of Lorn, this fortunato Eochs s o havperson t ywa s ow e a e th ns unite hi n i d sovereignty of both these lines of provincial kings; and so he became what Tighernach designates him kine th ,f Dalriada go . On the death of this prince, in the year 733, both Tighernach and the Ulster Annals agree in stating that " Muredac MacAinfcellach regnum generis Loairn assumit. n thesI " e words "generis s obviousli " y con- nected wither governe l wit e al man' y "regnum,th t hdb a st no d an " name, whose lineage, without the aid of tautology, is sufficiently indi- cated by the Gaelic word "Mac," as the son of the unfortunate Ainfcellach, brother to Selvach, who perished in the battle of Fin-glen. therefor1 e think thae truth t e meanin thif go s annaliste entrth f yo , sis that Muredach assumed the government not of the undivided nation or kingdo Dalriadaf mo t merel sectioe ,bu th f yterritoro f no y which belonged to the family of Lorn, as previously ruled by Selvach. And that this is righe th t readin worde th f sgo quoted, will further appear whe nI com e shoo t w tha princa t f Fergusiaeo n descent line f th Coeo n i m, gall, held contemporary sway over the sept of Argyll and Kintyre. Inattention thio t s important fact appear o havst e introduced shale w s l a ,see , very unnecessary confusion inte historth o f Muredach'o y s immediate suc- cessors. Under the year 736 (An. Ul.) we read that " Oengus MacFergusa, Pictse kinth f go , waste e countrth d f Dalriadayo d obtainean , d Dunat, and burned Creic, and bound with chains the two sons of Selvach, i.e., Dongal and Feradach." The places named in this entry appear to be territore th trib e n i th f Lornfare f eo y o Dun-athf mTh o . Dun-aidhr o , , which, by dropping the final consonant "h," becomes Dunat or Dunaid, is situated close to Cillemoire or Kilmore, about three miles south or south-east of the town of Oban ; and Creich, which, by dropping the final letter "h," becomes Creic, as in our text, is the name of a place or farm in the Eoss of Mull. (See " New Statistical Eeport.")1 Chalmerse Se 'Annale e "s th Caledonia; hi f n o i , 6 s 8 UltonieiiBes . notp d t an ea " . ARGYLESHIRE INVADED BY UXGUS, KING OF THE PIGTS. 41.7

Unde e yea1 (Anth r74 r . Ul. have w ) e intimatio f anotheo n r hostile rai n thes di words w fe e , " Percussio Dalriat y Oengub i s MacFergusa." e vie th f Dw o rn I Skene, these words mea ne complet "Th e conquest and subjectio f Dalriad no e Picts.e kinth th f gy o a b " (See prefaco t e the " Chronicle e Pict Scots,th d f san so e . cxxxi.p " du t wit l Bu al h) respect for the learning and ingenuity of this distinguished archasologist, I must take leav o thinket , that thi s greatlsi overrato yt e reath el sig- nificance of this entry. In much more recent times, and more within reac f circumstantiaho l history e whol th hav e f d Scottisw o ,e eha h Dal- riada, including the district of Breadalbane, wasted by fire and swonl, but yet not vanquished. In the year 1644, Alexander, son of the renowned Coll Macdonald, familiarly know Argyleshirn ni name th f "y eo Collaeb Ciotach," crossed over with a body of Irish followers from Antrim, and, with inexorable ferocity devastatee h , e Campbellse landth dth f so , burn- d destroyinan g in g woods, houses everd an , y kin propertyf do d sparan , - ing no living thing, male or female, young or old, that fell in his way. But what was the ultimate consequence of this savage invasion? After having assisted Montrose at the battle of Inverlochy, in February 1645, and attended this great leader in his previous raid on Inverary, and on many other more warlike exploits, Colla Ciotach's brave stylesonw no , d Sir Alexander Macdonald, again invaded Argyleshire. ' But the latter having retire Irelanddto , followerlefhis t slaughterebe sto Dunavertydat , in Kintyre, by the swords of Argyll and Leslie;1 and the old father, who had been not long before released from confinement by Argyll, left his own adherent o shart s e samth e e har e castld th fat f Duntroin o ei e n (Duntroon) on Loch Crinan, and betook himself to Islay, where, however, he was pursued, taken prisoner, and conducted to Dunstainish or Dun- staffnage Castle, where he suffered for his many outrages on the gallows. And what groun s therdi allego et e tha Pictse th t , under Oengus Mac- Fergusa, who had struck a heavy blow (and this I believe to be the full

r O'Connor'iD n s " Rerum Hibernicarum Scriptores," . 307p tor . i n. Both these learned authors agree in repudiating the theory of Pinkerton as gratuitous, dogmatic, and contrar facte eventd th san o yt tru f so e history alse oSe paris. Gampbeltof ho n in "Old Statistical Report," vol. x. published 1794. This massacr Argyly eb Generad an l l Leslie took place e sprinearlth f n yi go 1 1647, See " Macleod's Gaelic Messenger," vol. ii. p. 92. 8 41 PROCEEDING SOCIETYE TH F SO , MAECH 1868.

impor vexee th f do t expression "Percussio Dalriati") tribe th f Lor et o a n in 741, were after that for a whole century allowed to remain the un- disturbed masters of the country? In reply to this question, let us turn to the meagre materials of authentic history on which it is pretended to rest a conclusion so much at variance with the hitherto received opinions of our best historians. Unde e yeath r r 749 (An. TJ1. e finw )d this entry, " Combustio Gill- cinoire Acdain filii Oengusa." From these words it has been inferred that the Acdain here named must have been the son of Ungus, king of the Picts, and therefore the first of a succession of Pictish princes in Lorn. Now, should it be granted without further evidence that the man here named was the son of Ungus, king of the Picts, and the first prince of the race acting as viceroy in Lorn, upon at least equal evidence we may believ entre als s th last,e r oythawa th fo itsel e h t f proves that Cille- moire was soon made too' hot for him. If, indeed, Acdain escaped un- scorched on this memorable occasion, his assailant, probably Aodh-fionn, who two years before this date had entered upon his long reign over Dalriada, the most reasonable inference would seem to be, that he found no rest to his feet until, in full chase by the Dalriadic king of Scottish drives racewa e nh , acros e heightsth f Druimnachdracso h int fathers ohi - lan f Fortrerio d . Following up the same thread of authentic record, we learn that in the year 747 (An. Ul.), " Dunlaing MacDunchon, king of the sept of Arddgail, died." This significant entr e learneth y d e editoth f o r " Chronicle Picte Scotd th f san s o s " (published unde directioe rth n e ofth Lord Clerk-Eegiste f Scotlando r impossibls )i leavet f viewi o t t bu ,sou e not to see that the fact recorded in this .place bears distinct evidence that sepe t bee Argylf th o no t nd subjugatedha l t enjoyebu , independenn da t government under their sovereign of the line of Congall, at the time of Dunlaing MacDunchon's decease d furtheran ; , froe deatmth f thi o h s e deatkinth f Aodh-fiono o hgt n 778i n , there intervene a perios f o d thirty years, during whic lattee hth allowes ri bese th t y authoritiedb o st have reigned over Dalriada lengte s reigth hi s admittedf s nhi o A . d an , as the date of his death cannot be disputed, it is clear that he was the immediate successor of Dunlaing to the sceptre of the sept of Argyll, and according to the "Chronica Begum Scotorum," there is good reason ARGYLESHIRE INVADED BY TJNGUS, KING OF THE PICTS. 419

to believe that so early as the year 739, on the death of Ewen, the son of Muredach, Aodli-fionn (Hug Whitee hth ) assume e sovereigdth n rights sepe of Lorn.th f o t 1 The Albanic Duan styles this Aodh, "Aodh-na-Aodfhlaith,n i d an " the Synchronism of Flann Mainistreach, he is called "Aed-Airlatach," both which appellations imply a noble or lordly character. These two old authorities also agree in placing the same Aodh as the immediate successor, and one Alpin (unknown to Tighernach and the Ulster Annals) as the immediate predecessor of Muredach. In connection with this state- ment, it may be observed that Dr Skene, in constructing his new theory of Dalriadic history, as we find it detailed in his elaborate preface to the " Chronicles of the Picts and Scots," dislocates and inverts the relative favouritw positione s hi e f no Alpin , from that which this monarch holds liste i nth Flanf so n Mainistreac thuy b Duane sd th shiftin An d . han g the place of Alpin, the learned editor ingeniously fits this king to his theory makiny e immediatb , th m ghi e successor f Muredacho assignd an , s hi mreiga n over Dalriad o 741at fro6 . m73 This , however, looks like an arbitrary innovation, or a tampering with old authorities, to which e Iristh h annalists giv o supportn e r thefo , y absolutely ignore this Alpin. But between this monarch and Kenneth MacAlpin, according interveninSkener e toD th l al , g king f Dalriadso ae Pictis werth f eo h race.2 It will be remembered that Eochy, the son of Eochy, who died king of all Dalriada in 733, began his reign over the sept of Argyll yea(accordine 6 inth r72 Tighernach)o g t t attai no sceptre d nth di t e bu , of Lorn until after the death of Selvach (730, An. UL), when he became l Dalriadakinal f go . Here, then precedena s i , dividea f o t d succession, which Aodh-fionn had directly transmitted to him from his father Eochy whad IIIAn t .goo d givee reasothib y n snwh princenca deate th n ho , of Ewen, the son of Muredach (or, as others would have it, directly on the death of Muredach), should not have taken up the fallen sceptre of e lin f Lornth eo , some years befor e deceasth e f Dunlaineo g MacDun- e sepchon th f Argyll o tf o , , unioe whenth botf y no b , h tribes undee on r government 7.4n i 8e h becam, e bona fide kin Dalriadf go a? This mode of divided succession, countenanced by previous example, implies no 1 See the question as to Bwau's reign discussed in Chalmers's " Caledonia." - See Pref. Chron. Piots and Soots, p. cxxxii. 420 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, MARCH 1868.

violent measures, and would leave no gap unfilled between the death of Mureiac accessioe th d han f Aodh-fionnno . Unde yeae (An0 th r 80 r . recordeUl.s i t i ) d that " betwee sepe f nth o t Lorn and the sept of Argyle an action took place, in which Eianghalach MacDunlainge was slain." This entry goes to prove, in as far as these short noticee annalistth y b s e calculatesar o provt d e anything, that down to the close of the eighth century, the tribes of Dalriada had not been prostrate clearld Pictse ha th t yy d, bu b maintaine dvitalita theif yo r own. Whatever advantage Ungus, king of the Picts, may have at any one period of his reign acquired in the regions of Dalriada, and parti- cularly in Lorn, it is evident from the preceding extracts that the entire supremac f theio y r territory coul t havno d e been recovere y theb d m later tha yeae nth r 768. This conclusio s accrediteni e factth ,y b dtha t at that date Aodh-fion powerfus nwa l enoug o havht e assume e offendth - sive and to have penetrated into the Pictish territory (An. Ul.) After the death of Aodh-fionn, he was succeeded by two other kings, whstylee ar o f Dalriadado , i.e., Fergus MacEachach dieo n d781wh i , , and Doncorcai dieo 792,n dwh i ,stil d 1an l posterio theseo t r , mentios i n made unde e yea2 (Anth r 81 r .e deatUl.th f f "Angus)o hf o o n so , Dunlaing, kin Kindref go d Argyll." Withou attempy an t t novelta t r intricatyo e genealogical inferences, I have n drawin i ,e precedingth p gu ' remarks, endeavoure keeo t d n i p the plain track of the Irish annalists referred to, who appear to me to intelligibln giva s eu continuoud ean s accoun regaf o t l successio Daln i - riada. But so far as I can see, they afford no countenance whatever to the Pinkertonian theory of the entire conquest of the Scots in Britain, by " Ungust, son of Vergust;" nor to the conclusion that LV Skene has recently come to, viz,, the complete supremacy of the Picts in Scottish Dalriada, and the extinction of Dalriada as a Scottish nation, from the Scottisw ne a f ho kingdom a yeaer e r th 74 , o 1t founde y Kennetb d h MacAlpin e yeath rn i ,843. 2 Unde e yeath r r ncoxxx. (An. Ul. e fin)w d this entry, " Bellum ittir (inter) Cruitn t Dalriate Murbuilggn i i i Cruitnub , e (Picts) devicti 1 Kitson remarks that here M'Eoohac transcribe e errohn th a seem f e o rb o st r for MacAodh-fionn.—Annals of the Scots, p. 61. Prefe 2Se . Ohron. Pict Scotsd san . clxxivp , . ARGYLLSHIRE INVADED BY UNGUS, KING OF THE PIOTS. 421

fuerunt;" that is, "war between the Picts and Dalriads at Murbuilgg, wher Piote eth s were vanquished. e thuW "s lear commencene thath n i t - ment of the reign of Ungus, king of the Picts, the Scots of Dalriada, knew how to keep their own. From the beginning to the close of his reign this potentate appears to have had his hands constantly steeped bloodn i . Considerin numbee gs th antagonist countrn bi f ow o r s yhi n si of Pictavia, and then again his contests with the Northumbrians, with e Britonth f Strathclydeso e Dalriads feey th ld ma assuree an , w , d that whatever temporary advantag s invasionhi e e Lorth nf s o districtt a , different periods may have given him, could not, in the ordinary course of events, be of long duration. It was not in sheep's clothing, but like the ravenous wolves, that Ungus with his armed hordes entered the regions of Dalriada, and it was not by superiority in the arts of civilisa- tion that he was ever likely to win to his side the people whom he had outraged. On the other hand, Bodh-fionn was no mean rival. He possessed worldly wisdo superiod man r sagacity lawe th ss a ,tha lefe h t t behinm dhi sufficiently attest. This Scottish monarch e lin f th Gabhran eo f ,o , hav- ing once establishe n Argyldi l prope centra r unityf eo , would naturally strive to support and to reanimate the oppressed province of Lorn. bene Witretributionn ey o t n ha t woul,i d surel o hart o n m de y b hi tas r kfo re-awaken the patriotism and kindle the courage of the veteran conquerors of " Murbuilgg,unitee on y db effor s compaca a f o o t"s homogeneou d an t s peopl cleao et r theiterritorian row l inheritanc l Pictisal f eo h intruders. The few known facts of the case support this plain inference. And if, in the view of any unbiassed person, the text, " Percussio Dalriati by Oengus MacFergusa, e logicallb n ca " y construe meado t n abject subjec- tion of the Dalriads to'the Picts, on at least equally valid authority it must be admitted that this other entry, DCCLXVII (An. Ul.), " Battle of Fortren between Aodh and Kenneth," is sufficient proof (and one that neutralise previoue sth s entry carrieo ) thawh e dh t successfu r inte wa olth oppressor's capital of Pictaria, could not have been a subjugated prince, e nos leadertriumph e th timhi r th f o prostratea t a ,f o , e peoplef o r o , crouching slaves under a foreign yoke. Wherefore I would respectfully conclude this paper, the subject of which may, I hope, be hereafter taken up and treated by more able hands, VOL. VII. PART II. 2 E 422 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, MARCH 1868. by submitting such factI hav s a s e cursoril e cony du unfolde -e th o t d sideration and impartial judgment of this learned Society. From all the attentio nI hav e been abl devoto et e questio th o et t issuena t remaini , s my honest conviction that Aodh-fionn was the illustrious restorer of its full liberty to tho crushed section of Lorn, and that he was at the close of his career, in 778, the independent ruler of Dalriada as a Scottish nation.

MONDAY, IMi April 1868.

DAVID LAING, ESQ., Vice-President Chaire th n i ,.

balloA t having been taken e followinth , g Gentlema s electenwa a d Fellow of the Society :—

DAVID GILLESPIE, Esq., of Mountqnhanie.

The following Gentleman was elected a Corresponding Member:—

WILLIAM TKAILL. M.D. t Andrews,S .

The following Donations to the Museum and Library were laid on the table thankd an , s were Donors:e voteth o dt —

(1.) By WILLIAM WATT, Esq., Skaill, Orkney. A collection of Bone Beads from the " Pict's house," Skaill, consisting of a large number of the teeth of various animals, cut and polished and bore r suspensiofo d a necklace n i n . e teetSomth f ho e thus treated appea humane b o t r .

(2.) By D. D. BLACK, Esq., F.S.A. Scot. An Iron Cruse or Oil Lamp, such as was commonly used for burning whale oil. An Iron Candle-holder.