DOCSLIB.ORG

Laboratory Chemical Safety Summaries

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Laboratory Chemical Safety Summaries Prudent Practices in the Laboratory: Handling and Disposal of Chemicals http://www.nap.edu/catalog/4911.html APPENDIX B 237 Laboratory Chemical Safety Summaries Acetaldehyde *Dimethylformamide (123) Acetic Acid *Dimethyl sulfate (125) Acetone *Dioxane (126) Acetonitrile *Ethylene dibromide (128) Acetylene *Fluorine (95) Acrolein *Formaldehyde (130) Acrylamide *Hydrazine and salts (132) Acrylonitrile Hydrofluoric acid (43) Aluminum Trichloride Hydrogen bromide (98) Ammonia (Anhydrous) Ammonium Hydroxide Aniline Arsine Benzene Boron Trifluoride Bromine Tert-Butyl Hydroperoxide Butyllithiums Carbon Disulfide Carbon Monoxide Carbon Tetrachloride Chlorine Chloroform Chloromethyl Methyl Ether (and Related Compounds) Chromium Trioxide and Other Chromium(VI) Salts Cyanogen Bromide Diazomethane Diborane Dichloromethane Diethyl Ether Diethylnitrosamine (and Related Nitrosamines) Dimethyl Sulfate Dimethyl Sulfoxide Dimethylformamide Dioxane Ethanol Ethidium Bromide Ethyl Acetate Ethylene Dibromide Ethylene Oxide Fluorides (Inorganic) Fluorine Formaldehyde Hexamethylphosphoramide Hexane (and Related Hydrocarbons) Hydrazine Hydrobromic Acid and Hydrogen Bromide Hydrochloric Acid and Hydrogen Chloride Hydrogen Hydrogen Cyanide Hydrogen Fluoride and Hydrofluoric Acid Hydrogen Peroxide Hydrogen Sulfide Iodine Lead and Its Inorganic Compounds Lithium Aluminum Hydride Mercury Methanol Methyl Ethyl Ketone Methyl Iodide Nickel Carbonyl Nitric Acid Nitrogen Dioxide Osmium Tetroxide About this This PDF newfile: representation digital of original work the has been recomposed from createdXML files the from original paper book, not the from original typesetting breaks files. Page are true use the print version of this publication as the authoritative version for attribution. to the line lengths, word breaks,to original; heading styles,typesetting-specific and other formatting, however, cannot be retained,andtypographic some errors may have been accidentally inserted. Please Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Prudent Practices in the Laboratory: Handling and Disposal of Chemicals http://www.nap.edu/catalog/4911.html APPENDIX B 238 LABORATORY CHEMICAL SAFETY SUMMARY: ACETALDEHYDE Substance Acetaldehyde (Ethanal, acetic aldehyde) CAS 75-07-0 Formula CH3CHO Physical Properties Colorless liquid bp 21 °C, mp -124 °C Miscible with water Odor Pungent, fruity odor detectable at 0.0068 to 1000 ppm (mean = 0.067 ppm) Vapor Density 1.52 (air = 1.0) Vapor Pressure 740 mmHg at 20 °C Flash Point -38 °C Autoignition Temperature 185 °C Toxicity Data LD50 oral (rat) 661 mg/kg 3 LC50 inhal (rat) 20,550 ppm (37,000 mg/m ; 30 min) PEL (OSHA) 200 ppm (360 mg/m3) TLV-TWA (ACGIH) 100 ppm (180 mg/m3) STEL (ACGIH) 150 ppm (270 mg/m3) Major Hazards Highly flammable liquid; irritating to the eyes and respiratory system. Toxicity The acute toxicity of acetaldehyde is low by inhalation and moderate by ingestion. Exposure to acetaldehyde by inhalation is irritating to the respiratory tract and mucous membranes; this substance is a narcotic and can cause central nervous system depression. Ingestion of acetaldehyde may cause severe irritation of the digestive tract leading to nausea, vomiting, headache, and liver damage. Acetaldehyde causes irritation and burning upon skin contact and is a severe eye irritant. Acetaldehyde has caused nasal tumors in rats exposed by inhalation and is listed by IARC in Group 2B ("possible human carcinogen"). It is not classified as a "select carcinogen" according to the criteria of the OSHA Laboratory Standard. Acetaldehyde is mutagenic and has been shown to be a reproductive toxin in animals. Acetaldehyde is formed by metabolism of ethanol, and chronic exposure can produce symptoms similar to alcoholism. Flammability and Explosibility Acetaldehyde is a dangerous fire hazard (NFPA rating = 4) owing to its volatility and low autoignition temperature. Its vapor is explosive in the concentration range 4 to 66% in air and may be ignited by hot surfaces such as hot plates or light bulbs, or by static electricity discharges. The vapor is heavier than air and may travel a considerable distance to an ignition source and "flash back." Carbon dioxide or dry chemical extinguishers should be used to fight acetaldehyde fires. The information in this LCSS has been compiled by a committee of the National Research Council from literature sources and Material Safety Data Sheets and is believed to be accurate as of July 1994. This summary is intended for use by trained laboratory personnel in conjunction with the NRC report Prudent Practices in the Laboratory: Handling and Disposal of Chemicals. This LCSS presents a concise summary of safety information that should be adequate for most laboratory uses of the title substance, but in some cases it may be advisable to consult more comprehensive references. This information should not be used as a guide to the nonlaboratory use of this chemical. About this This PDF newfile: representation digital of original work the has been recomposed from createdXML files the from original paper book, not from the original typesetting breaks files. Page are true the line lengths, word breaks,to original; heading styles,typesetting-specific and other formatting, however, cannot be retained,andtypographic some errors may have been accidentally inserted. Please use the print version of this publication as the authoritative version for attribution. Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Prudent Practices in the Laboratory: Handling and Disposal of Chemicals http://www.nap.edu/catalog/4911.html APPENDIX B 239 Reactivity and Incompatibility Acetaldehyde is a reactive substance and on storage in the presence of air may undergo oxidation to form explosive peroxides. It may also polymerize violently when in contact with strong acids or trace metals such as iron. Acetaldehyde may undergo violent reactions with acid chlorides, anhydrides, amines, hydrogen cyanide, and hydrogen sulfide. Storage and Handling Acetaldehyde should be handled in the laboratory using the "basic prudent practices" described in Chapter 5.C, supplemented by the additional precautions for dealing with extremely flammable substances (Chapter 5.F). In particular, acetaldehyde should be used only in areas free of ignition sources, and quantities greater than 1 liter should be stored in tightly sealed metal containers in areas separate from oxidizers. Acetaldehyde should always be stored under an inert atmosphere of nitrogen or argon to prevent autoxidation. Accidents In the event of skin contact, immediately wash with soap and water and remove contaminated clothing. In case of eye contact, promptly wash with copious amounts of water for 15 min (lifting upper and lower lids occasionally) and obtain medical attention. If acetaldehyde is ingested, obtain medical attention immediately. If large amounts of this compound are inhaled, move the person to fresh air and seek medical attention at once. In the event of a spill, remove all ignition sources, soak up the acetaldehyde with a spill pillow or absorbent material, place in an appropriate container, and dispose of properly. Alternatively, acetaldehyde spills may be neutralized with sodium bisulfite solution before cleanup. Respiratory protection may be necessary in the event of a large spill or release in a confined area. Disposal Excess acetaldehyde and waste material containing this substance should be placed in an appropriate container, clearly labeled, and handled according to your institution's waste disposal guidelines. For more information on disposal procedures, see Chapter 7 of this volume. About this This PDF newfile: representation digital of original work the has been recomposed from createdXML files the from original paper book, not from the original typesetting breaks files. Page are true the line lengths, word breaks,to original; heading styles,typesetting-specific and other formatting, however, cannot be retained,andtypographic some errors may have been accidentally inserted. Please use the print version of this publication as the authoritative version for attribution. Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Prudent Practices in the Laboratory: Handling and Disposal of Chemicals http://www.nap.edu/catalog/4911.html APPENDIX B 240 LABORATORY CHEMICAL SAFETY SUMMARY: ACETIC ACID Substance Acetic acid (Ethanoic acid) CAS 64-19-7 Formula CH3COOH Physical Properties Colorless liquid bp 118 °C, mp 17 °C Miscible in water (100 g/100 mL) Odor Strong, pungent, vinegar-like odor detectable at 0.2 to 1.0 ppm Vapor Density 2.1 (air = 1.0) Vapor Pressure 11 mmHg at 20 °C Flash Point 39 °C Autoignition Temperature 426 °C Toxicity Data LD50 oral (rat) 3310 mg/kg LD50 skin (rabbit) 1060 mg/kg LC50 inhal (mice) 5620 ppm (1 h) PEL (OSHA) 10 ppm (25 mg/m3) TLV-TWA (ACGIH) 10 ppm (25 mg/m3) STEL (ACGIH) 15 ppm (37 mg/m3) Major Hazards Corrosive to the skin and eyes; vapor or mist is very irritating and can be destructive to the eyes, mucous membranes, and respiratory system; ingestion causes internal irritation and severe injury. Toxicity The acute toxicity of acetic acid is low. The immediate toxic effects of acetic acid are due to its corrosive action and dehydration of tissues with which it comes in contact. A 10% aqueous solution of acetic acid produced mild or no irritation on guinea pig skin. At 25 to 50%, generally severe irritation results. In the eye, a 4 to 10% solution will produce immediate pain and sometimes injury to the cornea. Acetic acid
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Hazardous Laboratory Chemicals Disposal Guide
    Third Edition HAZARDOUS LABORATORY CHEMICALS DISPOSAL GUIDE Third Edition HAZARDOUS LABORATORY CHEMICALS DISPOSAL GUIDE Margaret-Ann Armour LEWIS PUBLISHERS A CRC Press Company Boca Raton London New York Washington, D.C. This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2005. To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s collection of thousands of eBooks please go to http://www.ebookstore.tandf.co.uk/. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Armour, M.A. (Margaret-Ann) Hazardous laboratory chemicals disposal guide/Margaret-Ann Armour.—3rd ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 1-56670-567-3 1. Chemical laboratories—Waste disposal. 2. Hazardous substances. I. Title. QD64.A76 2003 542′.89–dc21 2002043358 This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reprinted material is quoted with permission, and sources are indicated. A wide variety of references are listed. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the authors and the publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or for the consequences of their use. Neither this book nor any part may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. The consent of CRC Press LLC does not extend to copying for general distribution, for promotion, for creating new works, or for resale. Specific permission must be obtained in writing from CRC Press LLC for such copying. Direct all inquiries to CRC Press LLC, 2000 N.W.
    [Show full text]
  • Microbial Dissolution and Stabilization of Toxic Metals and Radionuclides In
    840 Experientia 46 (1990), Birkh~iuser Verlag, CH-4010 Basel/Switzerland Reviews 34 Trevors, J. T., Stratton, G. W., and Gadd, G. M., Cadmium transport, 38 Tsezos, M., and Volesky, B., The mechanism of uranium biosorption resistance and toxicity in bacteria, algae and fungi. Can. J. Microbiol. by Rhizopus arrhizus. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 24 (1982) 385-401. 32 (1986) 447-464. 39 Wainwright, M., and Grayston, S. J., Accumulation and oxidation of 35 Tsezos, M., Recovery of uranium from biological adsorbents-desorp- metal sulphides by fungi, in: Metal-Microbe Interactions, pp. 119- tion equilibrium. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 26 (1984) 973-981. 130. IRL Press, Oxford 1989. 36 Tsezos, M., Absorption by microbial biomass as a process for removal of ions from process or waste solutions, in: Immobilization of Ions by Bio-sorption, pp. 201-218. Ellis Horwood, Chichester 1986. 37 Tsezos, M., and Volesky, B., Biosorption of uranium and thorium. 0014-4754/90/080834-0751.50 + 0.20/0 Biotechnol. Bioeng. 22 (1981) 583-604. Birkhfiuser Verlag Basel, 1990 Microbial dissolution and stabilization of toxic metals and radionucfides in mixed wastes A. J. Francis Department of Applied Science, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton (New York 11973, USA) Summary. Microbial activity in mixed wastes can have an appreciable effect on the dissolution or precipitation of toxic metals and radionuclides. Fundamental information on microbial dissolution and stabilization (immobilization) of toxic metals and radionuclides, in particular actinides and fission products, in nuclear wastes under various microbial process conditions, e.g., aerobic, denitrifying, iron-reducing, fermentative, sulfate-reducing, and methanogenic conditions is very limited. Microbial transformations of typical waste components such as metal oxides, metal coprecipitates, naturally occurring minerals, and metal organic complexes are reviewed.
    [Show full text]
  • Physical and Chemical Properties of Platinum Group Metals 2 Chapter 2 | Physical and Chemical Properties of Platinum Group Metals Contents
    PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF PLATINUM GROUP METALS 2 CHAPTER 2 | PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF PLATINUM GROUP METALS CONTENTS 2.1 OVERVIEW OF PGMS 04 2.2 METALLIC PGMS 05 2.3 COMPOUNDS OF PLATINUM GROUP METALS 06 SIMPLE COMPOUNDS 06 COMPLEX COMPOUNDS 07 REFERENCES 13 2 CHAPTER 2 | PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF PLATINUM GROUP METALS SUMMARY • Six elements of Groups 8, 9, and 10 in the periodic table constitute the platinum group metals (PGMs): platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), rhodium (Rh), ruthenium (Ru), iridium (Ir), and osmium (Os). • The physical and mechanical properties of the PGMs and their compounds indicate a wide range of properties with widely varying densities and solubilities (see Table 2-1). • Metallic forms of PGMs are generally considered to be ‘inert’, i.e., not chemically reactive. However, this is dependent in part on dimensional characteristics. Thus, while massive metal forms have low chemical reactivity, fi nely-divided metal powders with high surface area show greater reactivity. • Simple binary compounds exist for each of the PGMs. They also form a vast array of complex coordination compounds in which the central metal atom is bound to a variety of ligands by coordinate bonding, including halides, sulphur, amines, and other atoms and groups. • This unique coordination chemistry has made PGM compounds of great industrial value, but also can have implications for the health of workers exposed to certain of these compounds due to the linkages with biological behaviour and toxicity (see Chapter 6). • The complex halogenated platinum compounds (CHPS) are among those which are industrially and toxicologically important.
    [Show full text]
  • SYNTHESES Volume XIV Editors AARON WOLD JOHN K
    INORGANIC SYNTHESES Volume XIV Editors AARON WOLD JOHN K. RUFF Professor of Engineering Associate Professor of Chemistry and Chemistry University of Georgia Brown University, Providence, R.I. Athens, Ca. INORGANIC SYNTHESES Volume XIV McCRAW-HILL BOOK COMPANY New York St. Louis San Francisco Diisseldorf Johannesburg Kualo Lumpur London Mexico Montreal New Delhi Panama Rio de Janeiro Singapore Sydney Toronto INORGANIC SYNTHESES, VOLUME XIV Copyright 0 1973 by McGraw-Hill, Inc. All Rights Rewved. Printed in the United States of America. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise. without the prior written permission of the publisher. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 39-23015 07-07 1320-0 1234567890 KPKP 76543 To RONALD NYHOLM and DAVID WADSLEY CONTENTS Reface ........................................... xi Notice to Contributors ................................... xiii Chapter One PHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS ............... 1 1 . Phosphine ....................................... 1 2 . tert-Butyldichlorophosphineand Di-tert-butylchlorophosphinc......... 4 A . tert-Butyldichlorophosphinc ......................... 5 B . Di-tert-butylchlorophosphinc ......................... 6 3. 1.2-Bis(phosphino)ethane ............................. 10 4 . Tctramcthyldiphosphineand Flexible Aliphatic (Dimethylphosphino) Ligands ........................... 14 A . TetramethyldiphosFhine............................. 15 B .
    [Show full text]
  • The Preparation and Characterization of Some Alkanethiolatoosmium Compounds Harold Harris Schobert Iowa State University
    Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 1970 The preparation and characterization of some alkanethiolatoosmium compounds Harold Harris Schobert Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Inorganic Chemistry Commons Recommended Citation Schobert, Harold Harris, "The preparation and characterization of some alkanethiolatoosmium compounds " (1970). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 4357. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/4357 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 71-14,258 SCHOBERT, Harold Harris, 1943- THE PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SOME ALKANETHIOLATOOSMIUM COMPOUNDS. Iowa State University, Ph.D., 1970 Chemistry, inorganic University Microfilms, A XEROX Company, Ann Arbor, Michigan THIS DISSERTATION HAS BEEH MICROFILMED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED THE PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SOME ALKANETHIOLATOOSMIUM COMPOUNDS by Harold Harris Schobert A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Partial Fulfillment of The Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Major Subject: Inorganic Chemistry Approved: Signature was redacted for privacy. Signature was redacted for
    [Show full text]
  • Hazardous Laboratory Chemicals Disposal Guide
    Third Edition HAZARDOUS LABORATORY CHEMICALS DISPOSAL GUIDE Third Edition HAZARDOUS LABORATORY CHEMICALS DISPOSAL GUIDE Margaret-Ann Armour LEWIS PUBLISHERS A CRC Press Company Boca Raton London New York Washington, D.C. This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2005. To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s collection of thousands of eBooks please go to http://www.ebookstore.tandf.co.uk/. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Armour, M.A. (Margaret-Ann) Hazardous laboratory chemicals disposal guide/Margaret-Ann Armour.—3rd ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 1-56670-567-3 1. Chemical laboratories—Waste disposal. 2. Hazardous substances. I. Title. QD64.A76 2003 542′.89–dc21 2002043358 This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reprinted material is quoted with permission, and sources are indicated. A wide variety of references are listed. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the authors and the publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or for the consequences of their use. Neither this book nor any part may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. The consent of CRC Press LLC does not extend to copying for general distribution, for promotion, for creating new works, or for resale. Specific permission must be obtained in writing from CRC Press LLC for such copying. Direct all inquiries to CRC Press LLC, 2000 N.W.
    [Show full text]
  • Insights Into the Electronic Structure of $ {\Rm Oso} 2$ Using Soft and Hard
    PHYSICAL REVIEW MATERIALS 3, 025001 (2019) Insights into the electronic structure of OsO2 using soft and hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy in combination with density functional theory Anna Regoutz,1,* Alex M. Ganose,2,3,4 Lars Blumenthal,1,5 Christoph Schlueter,3,† Tien-Lin Lee,3 Gregor Kieslich,6 Anthony K. Cheetham,7 Gwilherm Kerherve,1 Ying-Sheng Huang,8,‡ Ruei-San Chen,9 Giovanni Vinai,10 Tommaso Pincelli,10 Giancarlo Panaccione,10 Kelvin H. L. Zhang,11 Russell G. Egdell,12 Johannes Lischner,1,5 David O. Scanlon,2,3,4 and David J. Payne1,§ 1Department of Materials, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom 2Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom 3Diamond Light Source Ltd., Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom 4Thomas Young Centre, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom 5Thomas Young Centre for Theory and Simulation of Materials, United Kingdom 6Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, Garching, Germany 7Functional Inorganic and Hybrid Materials Group, Department of Materials Science & Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom 8Department of Electric Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 6, Taiwan 9Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan 10Laboratorio
    [Show full text]
  • Increase in Osmiophilia of Axonal Membranes of Crayfish As a Result of Electrical Stimulation, Asphyxia, Or Treatment with Reducing Agents
    INCREASE IN OSMIOPHILIA OF AXONAL MEMBRANES OF CRAYFISH AS A RESULT OF ELECTRICAL STIMULATION, ASPHYXIA, OR TREATMENT WITH REDUCING AGENTS CAMILLO PERACCHIA and J . DAVID ROBERTSON From the Department of Anatomy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27706. Dr. Peracchia's present address is the Department of Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642 ABSTRACT Certain axonal membranes of crayfish abdominal nerve cord display ultrastructural changes if the axons are fixed, during electrical stimulation, by aldehydes followed by osmium . Such changes are characterized by an increase in electron opacity and thickness of the unit membranes' dense strata in the axon surface, endoplasmic reticulum, and outer mitochon- drial membranes . The electron opacity completely disappears if the sections are treated with hydrogen peroxide solutions . This suggests that the changes represent an increase in the membranes' reactivity for osmium . An unmasking of SH groups could explain such increased osmiophilia, since SH groups are very reactive with osmium, while disulfide bonds are considerably less reactive . This hypothesis was tested by treating control, glutaraldehyde- fixed nerve cords with disulfide reducing agents . In these preparations an increase in electron opacity and thickness was observed to be localized in the same axonal membranes which reacted as a result of electrical stimulation . The phenomenon did not appear if the SH groups were blocked by maleimide or N-ethylmaleimide before treatment with osmium . These findings seem to suggest that certain axonal membranes of crayfish contain proteins rich in sulfur whose SH groups are unmasked as a result of electrical stimulation. In pre- liminary experiments an increase in osmiophilia localized in the same membranes with the same characteristics and distribution was observed also in axons from nerve cords asphyxi- ated either in vitro or in the living animal .
    [Show full text]
  • A Mehtod for the Seperation and Gravimetric Determination of Osmium
    . 1 RP286 A METHOD FOR THE SEPARATION AND GRAVIMETRIC DETERMINATION OF OSMIUM By Raleigh Gilchrist ABSTRACT A procedure for the separation and gravimetric determination of osmium is described. This procedure involves the separation of osmium from other metais by distillation as the volatile tetroxide and its recovery from solution by hydro- lytic precipitation. A very suitable reagent for the quantitative absorption of the distilled tetroxide was found to be 6 normal hydrochloric acid saturated with sulphur dioxide. The recovery of osmium was accomplished by precipitating the hydrated dioxide from a boiling solution at acidities ranging from pH 1.5 to 6.3, after sulphite compounds had been decomposed by repeated evaporation with hydrochloric acid. The hydrated dioxide was impregnated with ammonium chloride to prevent mechanical loss when ignited to metal under hydrogen. The thiourea test devised b}' Chugaev for the detection of small quantities of osmium was modified so that it could be applied to solutions containing nitric acid. The test was found to be sensitive to 1 part in 5,000,000 parts of solution, which is 50 times as sensitive as stated by Chugaev, CONTENTS Page I. Introduction 422 1. Method of Ruff and Bornemann 425 2. Method of Ogburn and Miller 426 II. Object of the investigation 427 III. Preparation of osmium compounds for use in the experiments 428 IV. Precipitation of hydrated osmium dioxide by hydrolysis 430 V. Effect of exposure of osmium sponge to the air 430 VI. Qualitative experiments to determine the completeness of pre- cipitation of hydrated osmium dioxide 43 VII. Detection of minute quantities of osmium by reaction with thiourea 43 VIII.
    [Show full text]
  • Fingerprint Source Book Chapter 5 Alternative Finger Mark
    Fingerprint Source Book – Chapter 5: Alternative finger mark development techniques Chapter 5: Alternative finger mark development techniques 5.1 Alternative blood enhancement techniques 1. History 1.1 The history of the development of blood dyes has been outlined in Chapter 3.1, Acid dyes, of this Fingerprint Source Book. 2. Theory 2.1 General theory 2.1.1 The theory associated with the action of protein stains (in particular the acid dyes), in enhancing traces of blood is described in Chapter 3.1, Acid dyes (acid black 1, acid violet 17, acid yellow 7). 2.1.2 There are other reagents that react with the amines present in blood to give coloured or fluorescent products, the most well known of these being ninhydrin and 1,8-diazafluoren-9-one (DFO). They both react similarly with amino acids to form products that contain two deoxygenated molecules of the starting product bridged by a nitrogen atom, which is donated from the amine [1,2]. O O N N - N - N O O N N The reaction products with ninhydrin (left) and 1,8-diazafluoren-9-one (right) and amines. 2.1.3 While the reaction mechanisms and products have similarities, the method of their visualisation is entirely different. Ninhydrin, under the right conditions, produces an intensely coloured product called ‘Ruhemann’s purple’ after the discoverer and DFO a pale pink, extremely fluorescent product. Ruhemann’s purple can be made to fluoresce by complexing it with metal salts but this additional process is still not as sensitive as DFO [3]. DFO requires heat for the reaction to proceed [4] while ninhydrin will react at room temperature provided moisture is available, although the process proceeds much faster at elevated temperatures and humidities.
    [Show full text]
  • BCA Schedule
    C Chemistry C38E C Chemistry Chemistry C * Chemical phenomena and the associated human activities Science of science of chemistry C29 X focused upon them, treated at the most general level. C2A * For applied chemistry, see Process industrial technology . Philosophy of chemistry (in Class U/V). An alternative location (not C2L X . Scientific method in chemistry * recommended) for applied chemistry is provided at CY Methodology in the most abstract sense. * for libraries wishing to collocate the technology with For practical methods and procedures, see C36. chemistry in Class C. C2M . Mathematics in chemistry C2 . Common subdivisions C2V J .. Topology in chemistry * Add to C2 numbers 2/9 in Auxiliary Schedule 1 with C2X . Statistics & probability in chemistry the same additions & modifications as in AY2 2/9; eg General operations & agents in chemistry C22 .. Forms of presentation * Add to C numbers & letters 2YM/82D following AY, C23 G ... Serials with the modifications indicated at C33/34. P ... Technical data C2Y Q . Organization & management of work in chemistry .. Persons in the subject QS .. Operational research C24 ... Chemists * See also Biography C29 2 C33 Common properties C .... Profession of chemistry D . Distribution * For education & training, see C26 A. W . Continuity C25 .. Organizations in chemistry X . Conditions L .. Communication & information in chemistry Y5 .. Electric field LO ... Terminology YG .. Systems characteristics * For nomenclature, see compounds CGH 25L O. C34 . Theoretical chemistry P ... Documentation in chemistry * As distinct from practical chemistry. Classify more VA .... Information services in chemistry specifically if possible. The term is sometimes used VB ..... Computerized information services as synonymous with quantum chemistry (see C26 A .
    [Show full text]
  • Material Safety Data Sheet
    Material Safety Data Sheet bis(tert-Butylimido)osmium dioxide ACC# 09726 Section 1 - Chemical Product and Company Identification MSDS Name: bis(tert-Butylimido)osmium dioxide Catalog Numbers: AC375710000, AC375710100, AC375710500 Synonyms: Company Identification: Acros Organics N.V. One Reagent Lane Fair Lawn, NJ 07410 For information in North America, call: 800-ACROS-01 For emergencies in the US, call CHEMTREC: 800-424-9300 Section 2 - Composition, Information on Ingredients CAS# Chemical Name Percent EINECS/ELINCS 63174-13-0 Bis(tert-butylimido)osmium dioxide unlisted Section 3 - Hazards Identification EMERGENCY OVERVIEW Not available. Appearance: orange solid. Not available. Target Organs: None known. Potential Health Effects Eye: May cause eye irritation. Skin: May cause skin irritation. Toxic in contact with skin. Ingestion: May cause irritation of the digestive tract. Toxic if swallowed. Inhalation: May cause respiratory tract irritation. Toxic if inhaled. Chronic: Not available. Section 4 - First Aid Measures Eyes: Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, occasionally lifting the upper and lower eyelids. Get medical aid imme diately. Skin: Get medical aid immediately. Immediately flush skin with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothing and shoes. Ingestion: Get medical aid immediately. Wash mouth out with water. Inhalation: Get medical aid immediately. Remove from exposure and move to fresh air immediately. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Notes to Physician: Treat symptomatically and supportively. Section 5 - Fire Fighting Measures General Information: As in any fire, wear a self-contained breathing apparatus in pressure-demand, MSHA/NIOSH (approved or equivalent), and full protective gear.
    [Show full text]