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Hazardous Laboratory Chemicals Disposal Guide
Third Edition HAZARDOUS LABORATORY CHEMICALS DISPOSAL GUIDE Third Edition HAZARDOUS LABORATORY CHEMICALS DISPOSAL GUIDE Margaret-Ann Armour LEWIS PUBLISHERS A CRC Press Company Boca Raton London New York Washington, D.C. This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2005. To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s collection of thousands of eBooks please go to http://www.ebookstore.tandf.co.uk/. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Armour, M.A. (Margaret-Ann) Hazardous laboratory chemicals disposal guide/Margaret-Ann Armour.—3rd ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 1-56670-567-3 1. Chemical laboratories—Waste disposal. 2. Hazardous substances. I. Title. QD64.A76 2003 542′.89–dc21 2002043358 This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reprinted material is quoted with permission, and sources are indicated. A wide variety of references are listed. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the authors and the publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or for the consequences of their use. Neither this book nor any part may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. The consent of CRC Press LLC does not extend to copying for general distribution, for promotion, for creating new works, or for resale. Specific permission must be obtained in writing from CRC Press LLC for such copying. Direct all inquiries to CRC Press LLC, 2000 N.W. -
Polymorphism, Halogen Bonding, and Chalcogen Bonding in the Diiodine Adducts of 1,3- and 1,4-Dithiane
molecules Article Polymorphism, Halogen Bonding, and Chalcogen Bonding in the Diiodine Adducts of 1,3- and 1,4-Dithiane Andrew J. Peloquin 1, Srikar Alapati 2, Colin D. McMillen 1, Timothy W. Hanks 2 and William T. Pennington 1,* 1 Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA; [email protected] (A.J.P.); [email protected] (C.D.M.) 2 Department of Chemistry, Furman University, Greenville, SC 29613, USA; [email protected] (S.A.); [email protected] (T.W.H.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Through variations in reaction solvent and stoichiometry, a series of S-diiodine adducts of 1,3- and 1,4-dithiane were isolated by direct reaction of the dithianes with molecular diiodine in solution. In the case of 1,3-dithiane, variations in reaction solvent yielded both the equatorial and the axial isomers of S-diiodo-1,3-dithiane, and their solution thermodynamics were further studied via DFT. Additionally, S,S’-bis(diiodo)-1,3-dithiane was also isolated. The 1:1 cocrystal, (1,4-dithiane)·(I2) was further isolated, as well as a new polymorph of S,S’-bis(diiodo)-1,4-dithiane. Each structure showed significant S···I halogen and chalcogen bonding interactions. Further, the product of the diiodine-promoted oxidative addition of acetone to 1,4-dithiane, as well as two new cocrystals of 1,4-dithiane-1,4-dioxide involving hydronium, bromide, and tribromide ions, was isolated. Keywords: crystal engineering; chalcogen bonding; halogen bonding; polymorphism; X-ray diffraction Citation: Peloquin, A.J.; Alapati, S.; McMillen, C.D.; Hanks, T.W.; Pennington, W.T. -
UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 2,680,133 ODNE-CONTAINING AMNO-BENZOY, DERVATIVES of AMNO ACDS Vernon H
Patented June 1, 1954 2,680,133 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 2,680,133 ODNE-CONTAINING AMNO-BENZOY, DERVATIVES OF AMNO ACDS Vernon H. Wallingford, Ferguson, Mo., assignor to Mallinckrodt Chemical Works, St. Louis, Mo, a corporation of Missouri No Drawing. Application August 24, 1951, Serial No. 243,577 8 Claims. (C. 260-518) 2 This invention relates to iodine-containing proposed as X-ray contrast agents; but only a few amino-benzoyl derivatives of amino acids and of these are now recognized as being of any prac more particularly to 3-amino-2,4,6-triiodo deriva tical value. The problem remains of providing tives of benzoyl amino acid compounds and to a high degree of contrast for X-ray diagnosis with methods for their preparation. greater safety and comfort to the patient. This This application is a continuation-in-part of can be achieved, for example, by providing con my copending application Serial No. 94,253, filed trast agents that are (1) less toxic, so that larger May 19, 1949, now abandoned. amounts can be given to the patient; (2) more Briefly the invention comprises methods of soluble, so that greater concentrations of the con making certain compounds of a group having the O trast agent are possible; or (3) more opaque to formula: X-rays because of a greater proportion of iodine CO-N-R-COOH but without a corresponding increase in toxicity. ly Iodinated derivatives of benzoic acid are among I- I those compounds that have been proposed as 15 X-ray contrast agents. Although they appear to NE be promising X-ray contrast agents because of the large amount of iodine that they contain, the toxicity or the in Solubility of the known deriva tives of these compounds have generally been where R is selected from the group consisting of 20 found to be too great for this purpose. -
Nuclear Substitution Reactions of Dibenzo-P-Dioxin Joseph Jacob Dietrich Iowa State College
Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 1957 Nuclear substitution reactions of dibenzo-p-dioxin Joseph Jacob Dietrich Iowa State College Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Organic Chemistry Commons Recommended Citation Dietrich, Joseph Jacob, "Nuclear substitution reactions of dibenzo-p-dioxin " (1957). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 1336. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/1336 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. NUCLEAR SUBSTITUTION REACTIONS OF DI3ENZC-£-BIOXIN by- Joseph Jacob Dietrich A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Partial Fulfillment of The Requirements for the Degree of 'DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Major Subject : Organic Chemistry Approved: Signature was redacted for privacy. in Charge of I-'*ajor *.7ork Signature was redacted for privacy. Head of Ma nartment Signature was redacted for privacy. Dean of Graduate College Io?;a State College 1957 11 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION 1 -ISTJRICAL 5 Dibenzo-n-dioxin 5 Alkyl Derivatives Ô Carbonyl Derivatives 8 Carbozyl Derivatives 9 Dithiocarboxylate Derivatives 10 Halogen Derivatives 10 Hydroxy Derivatives 12 Methoxy Derivatives -
IODINE Its Properties and Technical Applications
IODINE Its Properties and Technical Applications CHILEAN IODINE EDUCATIONAL BUREAU, INC. 120 Broadway, New York 5, New York IODINE Its Properties and Technical Applications ¡¡iiHiüíiüüiütitittüHiiUitítHiiiittiíU CHILEAN IODINE EDUCATIONAL BUREAU, INC. 120 Broadway, New York 5, New York 1951 Copyright, 1951, by Chilean Iodine Educational Bureau, Inc. Printed in U.S.A. Contents Page Foreword v I—Chemistry of Iodine and Its Compounds 1 A Short History of Iodine 1 The Occurrence and Production of Iodine ....... 3 The Properties of Iodine 4 Solid Iodine 4 Liquid Iodine 5 Iodine Vapor and Gas 6 Chemical Properties 6 Inorganic Compounds of Iodine 8 Compounds of Electropositive Iodine 8 Compounds with Other Halogens 8 The Polyhalides 9 Hydrogen Iodide 1,0 Inorganic Iodides 10 Physical Properties 10 Chemical Properties 12 Complex Iodides .13 The Oxides of Iodine . 14 Iodic Acid and the Iodates 15 Periodic Acid and the Periodates 15 Reactions of Iodine and Its Inorganic Compounds With Organic Compounds 17 Iodine . 17 Iodine Halides 18 Hydrogen Iodide 19 Inorganic Iodides 19 Periodic and Iodic Acids 21 The Organic Iodo Compounds 22 Organic Compounds of Polyvalent Iodine 25 The lodoso Compounds 25 The Iodoxy Compounds 26 The Iodyl Compounds 26 The Iodonium Salts 27 Heterocyclic Iodine Compounds 30 Bibliography 31 II—Applications of Iodine and Its Compounds 35 Iodine in Organic Chemistry 35 Iodine and Its Compounds at Catalysts 35 Exchange Catalysis 35 Halogenation 38 Isomerization 38 Dehydration 39 III Page Acylation 41 Carbón Monoxide (and Nitric Oxide) Additions ... 42 Reactions with Oxygen 42 Homogeneous Pyrolysis 43 Iodine as an Inhibitor 44 Other Applications 44 Iodine and Its Compounds as Process Reagents ... -
Microbial Dissolution and Stabilization of Toxic Metals and Radionuclides In
840 Experientia 46 (1990), Birkh~iuser Verlag, CH-4010 Basel/Switzerland Reviews 34 Trevors, J. T., Stratton, G. W., and Gadd, G. M., Cadmium transport, 38 Tsezos, M., and Volesky, B., The mechanism of uranium biosorption resistance and toxicity in bacteria, algae and fungi. Can. J. Microbiol. by Rhizopus arrhizus. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 24 (1982) 385-401. 32 (1986) 447-464. 39 Wainwright, M., and Grayston, S. J., Accumulation and oxidation of 35 Tsezos, M., Recovery of uranium from biological adsorbents-desorp- metal sulphides by fungi, in: Metal-Microbe Interactions, pp. 119- tion equilibrium. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 26 (1984) 973-981. 130. IRL Press, Oxford 1989. 36 Tsezos, M., Absorption by microbial biomass as a process for removal of ions from process or waste solutions, in: Immobilization of Ions by Bio-sorption, pp. 201-218. Ellis Horwood, Chichester 1986. 37 Tsezos, M., and Volesky, B., Biosorption of uranium and thorium. 0014-4754/90/080834-0751.50 + 0.20/0 Biotechnol. Bioeng. 22 (1981) 583-604. Birkhfiuser Verlag Basel, 1990 Microbial dissolution and stabilization of toxic metals and radionucfides in mixed wastes A. J. Francis Department of Applied Science, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton (New York 11973, USA) Summary. Microbial activity in mixed wastes can have an appreciable effect on the dissolution or precipitation of toxic metals and radionuclides. Fundamental information on microbial dissolution and stabilization (immobilization) of toxic metals and radionuclides, in particular actinides and fission products, in nuclear wastes under various microbial process conditions, e.g., aerobic, denitrifying, iron-reducing, fermentative, sulfate-reducing, and methanogenic conditions is very limited. Microbial transformations of typical waste components such as metal oxides, metal coprecipitates, naturally occurring minerals, and metal organic complexes are reviewed. -
Step-By-Step Guide to Better Laboratory Management Practices
Step-by-Step Guide to Better Laboratory Management Practices Prepared by The Washington State Department of Ecology Hazardous Waste and Toxics Reduction Program Publication No. 97- 431 Revised January 2003 Printed on recycled paper For additional copies of this document, contact: Department of Ecology Publications Distribution Center PO Box 47600 Olympia, WA 98504-7600 (360) 407-7472 or 1 (800) 633-7585 or contact your regional office: Department of Ecology’s Regional Offices (425) 649-7000 (509) 575-2490 (509) 329-3400 (360) 407-6300 The Department of Ecology is an equal opportunity agency and does not discriminate on the basis of race, creed, color, disability, age, religion, national origin, sex, marital status, disabled veteran’s status, Vietnam Era veteran’s status or sexual orientation. If you have special accommodation needs, or require this document in an alternate format, contact the Hazardous Waste and Toxics Reduction Program at (360)407-6700 (voice) or 711 or (800) 833-6388 (TTY). Table of Contents Introduction ....................................................................................................................................iii Section 1 Laboratory Hazardous Waste Management ...........................................................1 Designating Dangerous Waste................................................................................................1 Counting Wastes .......................................................................................................................8 Treatment by Generator...........................................................................................................12 -
Physical and Chemical Properties of Platinum Group Metals 2 Chapter 2 | Physical and Chemical Properties of Platinum Group Metals Contents
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF PLATINUM GROUP METALS 2 CHAPTER 2 | PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF PLATINUM GROUP METALS CONTENTS 2.1 OVERVIEW OF PGMS 04 2.2 METALLIC PGMS 05 2.3 COMPOUNDS OF PLATINUM GROUP METALS 06 SIMPLE COMPOUNDS 06 COMPLEX COMPOUNDS 07 REFERENCES 13 2 CHAPTER 2 | PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF PLATINUM GROUP METALS SUMMARY • Six elements of Groups 8, 9, and 10 in the periodic table constitute the platinum group metals (PGMs): platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), rhodium (Rh), ruthenium (Ru), iridium (Ir), and osmium (Os). • The physical and mechanical properties of the PGMs and their compounds indicate a wide range of properties with widely varying densities and solubilities (see Table 2-1). • Metallic forms of PGMs are generally considered to be ‘inert’, i.e., not chemically reactive. However, this is dependent in part on dimensional characteristics. Thus, while massive metal forms have low chemical reactivity, fi nely-divided metal powders with high surface area show greater reactivity. • Simple binary compounds exist for each of the PGMs. They also form a vast array of complex coordination compounds in which the central metal atom is bound to a variety of ligands by coordinate bonding, including halides, sulphur, amines, and other atoms and groups. • This unique coordination chemistry has made PGM compounds of great industrial value, but also can have implications for the health of workers exposed to certain of these compounds due to the linkages with biological behaviour and toxicity (see Chapter 6). • The complex halogenated platinum compounds (CHPS) are among those which are industrially and toxicologically important. -
And Iodolactonization, and Cycloetherification
Lewis base catalysis of bromo- and iodolactonization, SPECIAL FEATURE and cycloetherification Scott E. Denmark1 and Matthew T. Burk Department of Chemistry, Roger Adams Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 Edited by Eric N. Jacobsen, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, and approved July 13, 2010 (received for review April 17, 2010) Lewis base catalyzed bromo- and iodolactonization reactions have been developed and the effects of catalyst structure on rate and cyclization selectivity have been systematically explored. The effects of substrate structure on halolactonization reactions and the interaction of those effects with the effects of catalyst Fig. 1. General scheme of halocyclization reactions. structure have been investigated, leading to synthetically useful improvements in cyclization selectivity. The knowledge acquired was applied to the development of Lewis base catalyzed bromo- properties of chiral Lewis base catalysts from those of readily and iodocycloetherification reactions. The ability of some of the available achiral analogs is highly desirable. surveyed catalysts to influence the cyclization selectivity of Halolactonization and cycloetherification reactions can pro- halolactonization reactions demonstrates their presence in the duce either of two constitutional isomers, arising from cyclization transition structure of the product-determining cyclization step. in an exo or endo fashion (24). The ratio of the two isomers is This observation implies that chiral derivatives of these catalysts influenced largely by the substrate, the identity of the halogen, have the potential to provide enantioenriched products regardless and the choice of reaction conditions. Under conditions wherein of the rates or mechanisms of halonium ion racemization. the halonium ion is undergoing rapid exchange, the product- determining step must also be the stereochemistry-determining CHEMISTRY halocyclofunctionalization ∣ halogenation step. -
The Effect of Solvents on the Formation of Complexes of Benzene with Iodine and with Iodine Monochloride* ,**
Daehan rlwahak Hwoejee Valume 9, Number 4, 1965 Printed in Republic of Korea. The Effect of Solvents on the Formation of Complexes of Benzene with Iodine and with Iodine Monochloride* ,** by Sang Up Choi and Bu Yong Lee Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University (Received September 17, 1965) 벤젠과 요오드 또는 일염화요오드 사이의 錯物에 대한 용매의 영 향 漢陽大學校化學科 崔相案 •李富永 (1965. 9. 17 受理 ) 要 約 C6H6-I2 및 C6HEC1 의 두 錯物의 安定度에 미치는 용매의 영향을 자외선 分光光度法으로 硏究하였 다 . 클로로포름 , 시크로헥산 및 헥산 용액에서 (京 压・12생성에 대한 실온에서의 평형상수가 各各 0.090, 0.216 및 0. 328 Z moleT 이고 CgH^ICI 생성에 대한 실온에서의 평형상수가 各各 0.125, 0.67& 및 0.639/moleT 임 을 알았다 . 이 結果로부터 이들 두 錯物의 安定度가 용매의 誘電常數의 減少와 더 불어 增加함을 볼 수 있고 . 增加率이 CsHblz에서 보다 C6HEC1 에서 더 큼을 알 수 있다 . 이 事實로 보아 C6H>-I2- 또는 (C6H6I)+-C1- 型의 이온 構造가 이들 錯物의 共鳴安定化에 참여하는 정도가 크머 또 그 참여도가 C&H6-I2 에서 보다 CgH^ICI 에서 더 크다고 생각된다 . Abstract The effect of solvents on the stabilities of the C사扁 J? complex and the C6H6«IC1 complex has been investigated through ultraviolet spectrophotometric measurements. The equilibrium constants obtained at room temperature for the formation of C6H6-l2 complex are 0.090, 0. 216 and 0. 328 I mole-1 in chloroform, cyclohexane and n-hexane, respectively. The corresponding equilibrium constants at room temperature for C6H6-IC1 complex are 0-125, 0. 676 and 0. 689 I mole"1. These results indicate that the stabilities of the two complexes increase with decreasing dielectric constants of the solvents used, the increase in stability being more rapid in the CgHg-lCl complex than in the complex. -
Eg, Sampling and A
Method 101 8/4/2017 While we have taken steps to ensure the accuracy of this Internet version of the document, it is not the official version. To see a complete version including any recent edits, visit: https://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/ECFR?page=browse and search under Title 40, Protection of Environment. METHOD 101—DETERMINATION OF PARTICULATE AND GASEOUS MERCURY EMISSIONS FROM CHLOR-ALKALI PLANTS (AIR STREAMS) NOTE: This method does not include all of the specifications (e.g., equipment and supplies) and procedures (e.g., sampling and analytical) essential to its performance. Some material is incorporated by reference from methods in appendix A to 40 CFR part 60. Therefore, to obtain reliable results, persons using this method should have a thorough knowledge of at least the following additional test methods: Method 1, Method 2, Method 3, and Method 5. 1.0 Scope and Application 1.1 Analytes. Analyte CAS No. Sensitivity Mercury (Hg) 7439-97-6 Dependent upon recorder and spectrophotometer. 1.2 Applicability. This method is applicable for the determination of Hg emissions, including both particulate and gaseous Hg, from chlor-alkali plants and other sources (as specified in the regulations) where the carrier-gas stream in the duct or stack is principally air. 1.3 Data Quality Objectives. Adherence to the requirements of this method will enhance the quality of the data obtained from air pollutant sampling methods. 2.0 Summary of Method Particulate and gaseous Hg emissions are withdrawn isokinetically from the source and collected in acidic iodine monochloride (ICl) solution. The Hg collected (in the mercuric form) is reduced to elemental Hg, which is then aerated from the solution into an optical cell and measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. -
Iodine, Iodine Monochloride and Bromine Interaction with 1,3,5-Triazine in Chloroform Solution
IODINE, IODINE MONOCHLORIDE AND BROMINE INTERACTION WITH 1,3,5-TRIAZINE IN CHLOROFORM SOLUTION 'H. R. Pouretedal*,2 A. Semnani, 'Μ. H. Keshavarz and 2A. Firooz 1. Faculty of Science, Malek-ashtar University of Technology, Shahin-shahr, Iran 2. Faculty of Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran e-mail: [email protected] Abstract: The interaction between 1,3,5-triazine as n-donor, with I2, IC1 and Br2 as σ-acceptor have been studied spectrophotometrically in chloroform at 25 °C. The results obtained for iodine indicate that of the complex [triazinel5+-l5"] is formed through an equilibrium step which is followed by slow conversion to [triazineI"T] and a fast reaction with iodine to produce [triazineri3"], through nonequilibrium steps. The equilibrium and rate constants of the recent reactions were measured. In the case of IC1 the formation of + [(triazine)2I ICl2"] by an equilibrium step is confirmed. The stability constant of the resulting complex was evaluated from the computer fitting of the absorbance vs. mole ratio data. The interaction with bromine involves only partial charge transfer which results in a blue-shift and an increase in the molar absorptivity (ε) of Br2. Based on the comparison of the results, it has been concluded that the interactions vary in the order IC1» I2 > Br2. Key Words: Spectrophotometry, Iodine monochloride, Iodine, Bromine, Charge-transfer Introduction The iodine molecular complexes with a wide variety of n-donors have been extensively studied [1-5], Some of the resulting charge transfer complexes have shown interesting physical properties [2-5]. Moreover, some attentions have been attributed to halogens and interhalogens [6-8].