IODINE Its Properties and Technical Applications
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Important Structures of AB2 Compounds
Important Structures of AB2 compounds AB2 compounds have many different structures but many of them belong to one of the following 5 types. Fluorite (CaF2) The fluorite structure is very unique in so far as the close-packed ions are the cations and not the anions. In normal cases, the anion is the larger ion but in the case of CaF2, Ca is larger than F hence the structure is based on a cubic close-packing of the Ca2+ ions. There are 8 tetrahedral - holes in the unit cell of CaF2 and they are all occupied by F ions. One can notice that the only difference between fluorite and sphalerite (ZnS) is that in sphalerite only 4 of the tetrahedral holes are filled. Every fluorine anion is surrounded tetrahedrally by 4 calcium cations and every calcium cation is surrounded cubically by 8 flourine ions. In other words in the fluorite structure a (8,4)-coordination is observed. Antifluorite The antifluorite structure gets its name from the fluorite structure because it’s just the opposite i.e. the cations occupy the tetrahedral holes as compared to the anions in the fluorite structure. In this structure a cubic close-packing of the anions is observed. For example in K2O the cubic close-packing is made by oxide and the potassium occupy all 8 tetrahedral holes. The oxygen anions are surrounded by 8 potassium cations in a cubic way and the potassium cations are surrounded tetrahedrally by 4 oxygen ((4,8)-coordination). Cadmium Chloride (CdCl2) - In CdCl2 we have a cubic close-packed array of Cl ions. -
MDA Scientific SPM
MDA Scientific SPM Fast response monitor for the detection of a target gas SPM Advantages • Fast response monitor specific to target gas only • Gas sensitivity to ppb levels with physical evidence • Minimum maintenance and no dynamic calibration • Customized for harsh industrial environments • More than 50 gas calibrations available Applications • Outdoor locations • Corrosive areas • Remote sampling areas • Gas storage areas • Survey work • Perimeter/fencelines • Ventilation and exhaust systems Options • Z-purge system • Duty cycle • ChemKey™ • RS422 • Remote reset • Portable • Extended sample • Heater option (operate from -20°C to ±40°C) Technical Specification Specifications Detection Technique Chemcassette® Detection System Alarm Point Dual level alarms typically set at 1/2 TLV and TLV Response Time As fast as 10 seconds Alarm Indication Local audio/visual alarms; remote capability optional Signal Outputs SPDT concentration alarm relays; SPDT fault relay; 4-20 mA; digital display Relay Rating 120VAC@10amps; 240VAC@5amps; 48VDC@5amps Operating Temperature Range 32° to 104°F; 0° to 40°C (basic unit); heating/cooling optional Power Requirements 115/230 VAC 50/60 Hz, battery operation optional Enclosure NEMA 4X fiberglass (basic unit) Dimensions 12"(H) x 12"(W) x 7”(D) (30.5 x 30.5 x 17.8 cm) (basic unit) Weight Up to 25 pounds, depending on option installed Note: options may vary the specifications Detectable Gases Range Amines Ammonia (NH3) 2.6-75.0 ppm Ammonia (NH3)-II 2.6-75.0 ppm Dimethylamine (DMA) 0.1-6 ppm n-Butylamine (n-BA) 0.4-12 -
Vibrationally Excited Hydrogen Halides : a Bibliography On
VI NBS SPECIAL PUBLICATION 392 J U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE / National Bureau of Standards National Bureau of Standards Bldg. Library, _ E-01 Admin. OCT 1 1981 191023 / oO Vibrationally Excited Hydrogen Halides: A Bibliography on Chemical Kinetics of Chemiexcitation and Energy Transfer Processes (1958 through 1973) QC 100 • 1X57 no. 2te c l !14 c '- — | NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS The National Bureau of Standards' was established by an act of Congress March 3, 1901. The Bureau's overall goal is to strengthen and advance the Nation's science and technology and facilitate their effective application for public benefit. To this end, the Bureau conducts research and provides: (1) a basis for the Nation's physical measurement system, (2) scientific and technological services for industry and government, (3) a technical basis for equity in trade, and (4) technical services to promote public safety. The Bureau consists of the Institute for Basic Standards, the Institute for Materials Research, the Institute for Applied Technology, the Institute for Computer Sciences and Technology, and the Office for Information Programs. THE INSTITUTE FOR BASIC STANDARDS provides the central basis within the United States of a complete and consistent system of physical measurement; coordinates that system with measurement systems of other nations; and furnishes essential services leading to accurate and uniform physical measurements throughout the Nation's scientific community, industry, and commerce. The Institute consists of a Center for Radiation Research, an Office of Meas- urement Services and the following divisions: Applied Mathematics — Electricity — Mechanics — Heat — Optical Physics — Nuclear Sciences" — Applied Radiation 2 — Quantum Electronics 1 — Electromagnetics 3 — Time 3 1 1 and Frequency — Laboratory Astrophysics — Cryogenics . -
Suppression Mechanisms of Alkali Metal Compounds
SUPPRESSION MECHANISMS OF ALKALI METAL COMPOUNDS Bradley A. Williams and James W. Fleming Chemistry Division, Code 61x5 US Naval Research Lnhoratory Washington, DC 20375-5342, USA INTRODUCTION Alkali metal compounds, particularly those of sodium and potassium, are widely used as fire suppressants. Of particular note is that small NuHCOi particles have been found to be 2-4 times more effective by mass than Halon 1301 in extinguishing both eountertlow flames [ I] and cup- burner flames [?]. Furthermore, studies in our laboratory have found that potassium bicarbonate is some 2.5 times more efficient by weight at suppression than sodium bicarhonatc. The primary limitation associated with the use of alkali metal compounds is dispersal. since all known compounds have very low volatility and must he delivered to the fire either as powders or in (usually aqueous) solution. Although powders based on alkali metals have been used for many years, their mode of effective- ness has not generally been agreed upon. Thermal effects [3],namely, the vaporization of the particles as well as radiative energy transfer out of the flame. and both homogeneous (gas phase) and heterogeneous (surface) chemistry have been postulated as mechanisms by which alkali metals suppress fires [4]. Complicating these issues is the fact that for powders, particle size and morphology have been found to affect the suppression properties significantly [I]. In addition to sodium and potassium, other alkali metals have been studied, albeit to a consider- ably lesser extent. The general finding is that the suppression effectiveness increases with atomic weight: potassium is more effective than sodium, which is in turn more effective than lithium [4]. -
Design, Synthesis and Evaluation of Diphenylamines As MEK5 Inhibitors Suravi Chakrabarty
Duquesne University Duquesne Scholarship Collection Electronic Theses and Dissertations Fall 2014 Design, Synthesis and Evaluation of Diphenylamines as MEK5 Inhibitors Suravi Chakrabarty Follow this and additional works at: https://dsc.duq.edu/etd Recommended Citation Chakrabarty, S. (2014). Design, Synthesis and Evaluation of Diphenylamines as MEK5 Inhibitors (Master's thesis, Duquesne University). Retrieved from https://dsc.duq.edu/etd/388 This Immediate Access is brought to you for free and open access by Duquesne Scholarship Collection. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Duquesne Scholarship Collection. For more information, please contact [email protected]. DESIGN, SYNTHESIS AND EVALUATION OF DIPHENYLAMINES AS MEK5 INHIBITORS A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Duquesne University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science (Medicinal Chemistry) By Suravi Chakrabarty December 2014 Copyright by Suravi Chakrabarty 2014 DESIGN, SYNTHESIS AND EVALUATION OF DIPHENYLAMINES AS MEK5 INHIBITORS By Suravi Chakrabarty Approved August 7, 2014 ________________________________ ________________________________ Patrick Flaherty, Ph.D. Aleem Gangjee, Ph.D., Chair, Thesis Committee Professor of Medicinal Chemistry Associate Professor of Medicinal Mylan School of Pharmacy Chemistry Distinguished Professor Graduate School Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate School Pharmaceutical Sciences Duquesne University Duquesne -
(030) EXPLANATION Diphenylamine Was Originally Evaluated in 1969
155 DIPHENYLAMINE (030) EXPLANATION Diphenylamine was originally evaluated in 1969 and subsequently in 1976, 1979, 1984 and 1998. It was identified for re-evaluation within the CCPR Periodic Review Programme at the 1996 CCPR (ALINORM 97/24), proposed for consideration by the 2000 JMPR at the 1997 CCPR (ALINORM 97/ 24A) and the evaluation deferred until 2001. An ADI of 0-0.08 mg/kg bw was established by the 1998 JMPR replacing the previous ADI of 0-0.02 mg/kg bw. Because of toxicological concerns, attention was given to the various method of synthesising and purifying diphenylamine to produce a quality acceptable for the treatment of apples and pears. It was proposed that a specification for a pure (food grade) diphenylamine should be drawn up. The manufacturer reported new studies of physical and chemical properties, animal, plant and soil degradation, analytical methods, storage stability, farm animal feeding, supervised residue trials and food processing. The governments of Australia and The Netherlands have reported information on national GAP and/or residue data. IDENTITY ISO common name: none Chemical name IUPAC: diphenylamine CA: N-phenylbenzenamine CAS Registry No.: 122-39-4 Synonyms: DPA Structural formula: NH Molecular formula: C12H11N Molecular weight: 169.22 156 diphenylamine PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES Pure active ingredient Vapour pressure: 6.39 x 10-4 torr. (=8.52 x 10-2 Pa) at 25°C 2.32 x 10-3 torr. (=3.09 x 10-1 Pa) at 35°C 7.09 x 10-3 torr. (=9.46 x 10-1 Pa) at 45°C (gas saturation method) (Douglass, 1993a) Octanol/water partition coefficient: Kow = 3860, log Kow = 3.6 at 25°C (batch method) (Douglass, 1993b) Solubility (99.4% purity): water at 25°C 0.039 mg/ml acetonitrile at 25°C 860 mg/ml methanol at 25°C 474 mg/ml octanol at 25°C 230 mg/ml hexane at 25°C 57 mg/ml (Schetter, 1993) Hydrolysis (sterile solution) half-life at 25°C pH 5: 320 days (Baur, 1993): pH 7: 350 days pH 9: 360 days (Baur, 1993) Baur demonstrated that diphenylamine was substantially stable to hydrolysis under sterile conditions in the dark at 25°C for 30 days. -
United States Patent Office Patented Apr
3,378,337 United States Patent Office Patented Apr. 16, 1968 1. 2 and the hydrogen peroxide. This result is achieved without 3,378,337 contaminating the reaction mixture. The final solution PREPARATHON OF ODEC ACID AND DERVATIVES THEREOF contains substantially pure iodic acid, and can be evap Ricardo O. Bach, Gastonia, N.C., assignor to Lithium orated and dehydrated to obtain the iodic acid, or the Corporation of America, Inc., New York, N.Y., a cor anhydride thereof, or it can be used as a medium for the poration of Minnesota direct production of salts of iodic acid. No Drawing. Fied May 17, 1965, Ser. No. 456,561 In carrying out the method of the present invention, 12 Claims. (CI. 23-85) the iodic acid solution employed in forming the reaction mixture should contain sufficient iodic acid to provide a O hydrogen ion and iodate ion concentration in the reaction ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE mixture which will favor oxidation of iodine to its penta A method of preparing solutions of substantially pure valent state and impede decomposition of hydrogen iodic acid from which salts of the acid, the anhydride peroxide. Generally speaking, the quantity of iodic acid thereof and/or the crystalline form of the acid can be present in the starting solution should not be below about 5 0.5%, with especially good results being attained with directly obtained. The method involves reacting iodine from about 1% to about 10%, usually about 5%, of the with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a relatively quantity of iodic acid to be produced. -
Annexes Table of Content
Annexes Table of content Annexes ................................................................................................................... 1 Table of content ........................................................................................................ 1 List of tables ............................................................................................................. 6 List of figures ............................................................................................................ 8 Annex A: Manufacture and uses ................................................................................. 10 A.1. Manufacture, import and export ........................................................................... 10 A.1.1. Manufacture, import and export of textiles and leather ........................................ 10 A.1.2. Estimated volumes on of the chemicals used in textile and leather articles ............. 12 A.2. Uses ................................................................................................................. 13 A.2.1. The use of chemicals in textile and leather processing ......................................... 13 A.2.1.1. Textile processing ................................................................................... 13 A.2.1.2. Leather processing ................................................................................. 19 A.2.1.3. Textile and leather formulations ............................................................... 20 A.2.1.4. Chemicals used in -
Chemical Behavior of Iodine-131 During the SRE Fuel Element
Chemical Behavior of Iodine- 13 1 during SRE Fuel Element Damage in July 1959 Response to Plaintiffs Expert Witness Arjun Makhijani by Jerry D. Christian, Ph.D. Prepared for in re Boeing Litigation May 26,2005 Background of Jerry D. Christian Education: B. S. Chemistry, University of Oregon, 1959. Ph. D. Physical Chemistry, University of Washington, 1965 - Specialty in Chemical Thermodynamics and Vaporization Processes of Halogen Salts. (Iodine is a halogen.) Postdoctoral: National Research Council Senior Research Associate, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CAY1972-1974. Career Summary: Scientific Fellow, Retired from Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL), September 2001. Scientific Fellow is highest achievable technical ladder position at INEEL; charter member, appointed in January 1987. Consultant and President of Electrode Specialties Company since retirement. Affiliate Professor of Chemistry, University of Idaho; I teach a course in nuclear fuel reprocessing. Referee for Nuclear Technology and Talanta journals; I review submitted technical manuscripts for the editors for scientific and technical validity and accuracy.* I have thirty nine years experience in nuclear waste and fuel processing research and development. Included in my achievements is development of the highly successful classified Fluorine1 Dissolution Process for advanced naval fuels that was implemented in a new $250 million facility at the ICPP in the mid-1980s. Career interests and accomplishments have been in the areas of nuclear -
10102-68-8 SDS Document Number: 000041 1.2: Recommended Uses and Restrictions Recommended Uses Manufacture of Substances Restrictions Not for Food Or Drug Use
Safety Data Sheet 1: Identification 1.1: Product Identifier Product Name: CaI2 Product Number(s): 1CAI2-0019F CAS Number: 10102-68-8 SDS Document Number: 000041 1.2: Recommended Uses and Restrictions Recommended Uses Manufacture of substances Restrictions Not for food or drug use. 1.3: Supplier Contact Information APL Engineered Materials, Inc. 2401 N. Willow Rd. Urbana, IL 61802 Phone: 217-367-1340 Fax: 217-367-9084 1.4: Emergency Phone Number United States: 800-255-3924 International: +01-813-248-0585 2: Hazards Identification 2.1: Classifications Not a hazardous substance or mixture - . 2.2: GHS Label Elements Pictograms Signal Word: Hazard Statements Not a hazardous substance. Precautionary Statements Not a hazardous substance. 2.3: Hazards Not Otherwise Classified or Not Covered by GHS Thursday, July 16, 2015 Page 1 of 9 None. 2.4: Amount(s) of substances with unknown toxicity None 3: Composition/Information on Ingredients 3.1: .Ingredient .Weight% .Formula .CAS Number .Mol Wt .EC Number CaI2 100 CaI2 10102-68-8 293.89 233-276-8 3.2: Other Hazardous components none 3.3: Trade Secret Disclaimer none 3.4: Synonyms Calcium Iodide 4: First Aid Measures 4.1: First Aid General Remove person from area of exposure and remove any contaminated clothing Consult with physician and provide this Safety Data Sheet In contact with eyes Flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, occasionally lifting the upper and lower eyelids. Seek medical attention if irritation develops or persists In contact with skin Wash thoroughly with soap and plenty of water. -
Polymorphism, Halogen Bonding, and Chalcogen Bonding in the Diiodine Adducts of 1,3- and 1,4-Dithiane
molecules Article Polymorphism, Halogen Bonding, and Chalcogen Bonding in the Diiodine Adducts of 1,3- and 1,4-Dithiane Andrew J. Peloquin 1, Srikar Alapati 2, Colin D. McMillen 1, Timothy W. Hanks 2 and William T. Pennington 1,* 1 Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA; [email protected] (A.J.P.); [email protected] (C.D.M.) 2 Department of Chemistry, Furman University, Greenville, SC 29613, USA; [email protected] (S.A.); [email protected] (T.W.H.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Through variations in reaction solvent and stoichiometry, a series of S-diiodine adducts of 1,3- and 1,4-dithiane were isolated by direct reaction of the dithianes with molecular diiodine in solution. In the case of 1,3-dithiane, variations in reaction solvent yielded both the equatorial and the axial isomers of S-diiodo-1,3-dithiane, and their solution thermodynamics were further studied via DFT. Additionally, S,S’-bis(diiodo)-1,3-dithiane was also isolated. The 1:1 cocrystal, (1,4-dithiane)·(I2) was further isolated, as well as a new polymorph of S,S’-bis(diiodo)-1,4-dithiane. Each structure showed significant S···I halogen and chalcogen bonding interactions. Further, the product of the diiodine-promoted oxidative addition of acetone to 1,4-dithiane, as well as two new cocrystals of 1,4-dithiane-1,4-dioxide involving hydronium, bromide, and tribromide ions, was isolated. Keywords: crystal engineering; chalcogen bonding; halogen bonding; polymorphism; X-ray diffraction Citation: Peloquin, A.J.; Alapati, S.; McMillen, C.D.; Hanks, T.W.; Pennington, W.T. -
Potassium Iodide. the Solution to Silver Diamine Fluoride Discoloration?
Research Article Adv Dent Oral Health Volume 5 Issue 1 - June 2017 Copyright © All rights are reserved by Carolyn Primus DOI: 10.19080/ADOH.2017.05.5555655 Potassium Iodide. The Solution to Silver Diamine Fluoride Discoloration? Vinh Nguyen1, Cody Neill1, Joel Felsenfeld DDS 2 and Carolyn Primus PhD 3* 1 Third year students LECOM School of Dental Medicine in Bradenton, Florida 2 Assistant Professor of Restorative Dentistry LECOM School of Dental Medicine in Bradenton, Florida 3 Former Associate Professor of Dental Materials LECOM School of Dental Medicine Submission: June 01, 2017; Published: June 15, 2017 *Corresponding author: Primus Consulting, Sarasota, FL, Email: Abstract Introduction : Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is increasingly recognized as a cost-effective, easy-to-use alternative to reduce sensitivity cariousand arrest and caries. sound However, tooth structure. SDF causes black staining of caries. Potassium iodide (KI) treatment with SDF may decrease or lessen the staining. However, the effectiveness of KI on staining has not been investigated. This study examined SDF/KI with various restorative materials, on Methods were used to evaluate color changes among the groups. : Ten groups of teeth were treated to evaluate the effect of KI and SDF treatment. Visual examination and color measurements Results: All groups with KI treatment showed minimal to no staining after four weeks. Groups that underwent SDF treatment alone were noticeably darker (ΔL) compared with groups that had KI treatment. The staining varied among the groups of restorative materials; however, all ofConclusion: the teeth that received the KI treatment were lighter than teeth that only received the SDF treatment. Treatment with SDF followed by KI had little to no darkening, compared to SDF treatment, when used with glass ionomer (self-cure),Practical resin implications: modified glass ionomer, composite, or no restorative on carious and sound teeth.