Insidephysics
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
insidephysics There has been much Our undergraduate program is also strong, with excitement in the Physics De- nearly 200 students (in both the College of Letters partment over the last year, and Science and the College of Creative Studies) starting with the announcement who have chosen to major in Physics. Last year, last October of a Nobel Prize to we were able to set aside some space for an David Gross, the Frederick W. undergraduate student lounge, “The End of the Gluck Professor of Theoretical Universe”. To complement this facility, we have Physics and Director of the Kavli relocated and completely refurbished the Physics Institute for Theoretical Physics. Study Room, where our undergraduates can get This is the third Nobel awarded together for cooperative work, and where our to a Department faculty member graduate Teaching Assistants hold office hours. in the past seven years. Overall, We struggle to find space to accommodate the awards and outside recogni- many research and teaching programs in our ven- tion for our faculty continue at a gratifying pace. erable building, Broida Hall. Last year, Broida re- Among them is the election of Joe Polchinski to ceived its first new coat of paint in its forty year the National Academy of Sciences, bringing the existence, and we recently completed a renova- number of NAS members in the Department to tion of the main lobby with some new paint and nine. More are highlighted within these pages. flooring (replacing the mismatched bits of lino- Recent Physics faculty arrivals are Tommaso Treu, leum that had accumulated over the decades) an observational astrophysicist who works on un- and new display cases where we will showcase derstanding the formation and evolution of galax- posters depicting some of our most exciting re- ies, and Wim van Dam, a member of the Computer search areas. Looking forward, we hope to move Science Department who also holds a partial ap- towards construction of a state-of-the-art facility pointment in Physics. Wim studies quantum com- to supplement Broida in the not-too-distant fu- puting and quantum information theory. We also ture, but this will again pose significant challenges welcome back Mike Witherell, who left the De- in the current UC and California fiscal climate. From the Chair From partment in 1999 to become Director of Fermilab, Finally, you might notice a new signature on this and now returns to UCSB as Vice Chancellor for missive. This past summer, Jim Allen completed Research and as a Physics faculty member. Our ef- five years as our Chair, and the Departmental reins forts to ensure that the Department remains at the were handed over to me; Beth Gwinn is my suc- very highest levels in research and teaching con- cessor as Vice Chair. On behalf of all the faculty, tinue with faculty searches in mathematical phys- staff, students, and friends of the Physics Depart- ics (to be a joint appointment with Mathematics), ment, Beth and I would like to thank Jim for the condensed matter theory, and biophysics. These unparalleled vision and leadership he gave us are exciting times across the spectrum of disci- during his time as Chair. Going forward, we hope plines in our science, and we strive to maintain to prove worthy of the trust the Department has and enhance our contributions to it. placed in us. The number of applicants to our graduate pro- gram continues to rise. We had well over 500 last year, a new record, and now welcome an entering class of 37. This is an unusually large number for Mark Srednicki us, and reflects a sharp and noteworthy increase Department Chair in the fraction of those admitted who made UCSB UCSB Physics their final choice. It also poses significant financial challenges that we are striving to meet. Faculty News Appointments ] Wim van Dam joined the Depart- Hubble and other NASA satellites as well as the UC-operated ment of Physics this summer as an As- Keck and Lick telescopes to conduct his observations. sistant Professor. In Fall 2004, Wim be- came an Assistant Professor at UCSB’s Boris Shraiman is a new professor in the Department of Computer Science, but Department of Physics and a permanent his current shared appointment be- member of the Kavli Institute for Theoreti- tween Computer Science and Physics cal Physics. His current research interests better reflects Wim’s current research, are focused on quantitative systems biolo- which focuses on the theory of quantum computing. His gy, where he studies physical mechanisms main interest lies in the development of new quantum algo- of growth control in the development rithms that solve problems exponentially faster than we know of limbs and organs, as well as statistical how to do using traditional, classical computers. Such effi- mechanics approaches to comparative genomics and evolution. cient quantum algorithms are already known to exist for cer- Boris received his Ph.D. in Physics from Harvard in 1983, and did tain computational problems in number theory, thus making postdoctoral work at U. of Chicago and AT&T Bell Labs. In 1987 a functioning quantum computer capable of breaking almost he became a member of Technical Staff in the Theoretical Physics all cryptographic protocols. One of the main challenges in the department at Bell Labs, where he remained until 2002 when he field of quantum computing is to understand better which became a professor of Physics at Rutgers University. Shraiman other hard problems are amenable to an efficient quantum joined UCSB in the summer of 2004. solution, and which are not. Wim has made several important contributions to this quest. Wim received his Ph.D. in Physics from the University of Ox- Awards & Honors ] ford, UK (2000) and a Ph.D. in Computer Science from the University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (2002). Before joining UCSB in July 2004, he was a postdoc at the Comput- David Awschalom was a joint re- er Science Division of UC Berkeley, HP Labs Palo Alto, The cipient of the 2005 Agilent Europhys- Mathematical Sciences Research Institute, and MIT’s Center for ics Prize for Outstanding Achievement Theoretical Physics. in Condensed Matter Physics by The European Physical Society (EPS) for his investigations of magnetic semi- Tommaso Treu joined the depart- conductors and spin coherence in the ment in the spring of 2005 as an As- solid state, which has paved the way sistant Professor. After obtaining for the emergence of spin electronics, or “spintronics.” The undergraduate degrees from the Uni- Europhysics Prize is one of the most prestigious honors given versity of Pisa and the Scuola Normale by the EPS, with eight past awardees subsequently winning Superiore (Italy) in 1998, he received the Nobel Prize. With a cash award of 51,000 Swiss francs, the his Ph.D. in Physics from the Scuola prize recognizes scientific excellence and focuses on work Normale Superiore in 2001. During his that advances the fields of electronic, electrical and materi- graduate studies he spent half of his time at the Space Tele- als engineering.David also received the prestigious Oliver E. scope Science Institute working with the Hubble Space Tele- Buckley Prize in 2005. The Buckley Prize is given annually by the scope. He was then a postdoc at Caltech until September of American Physical Society, leaders in the international physics 2003, and a Hubble Fellow at UCLA until he arrived at UCSB. community, to recognize and encourage outstanding theoreti- Tommaso’s research is in the field of observational cosmology, cal or experimental contributions to condensed matter phys- with specific interests in galaxy formation, clusters of galaxies, ics. The prize was endowed in 1952 by AT&T Bell Laboratories gravitational lensing, and supermassive black-holes. He uses (now Lucent Technologies) to recognize outstanding scien- Faculty News [ Awards & Honors tific work. It is named in memory of Oliver E. Buckley, a past teams. By taking advantage of the unique properties of president of Bell Labs. Only 70 other scientists have received materials at the nanoscale, these teams will devise cre- the award, and 13 of them have gone on to win a Nobel Prize. ative solutions to medical problems. In presenting the award, APS cited David’s “fundamental con- tributions to experimental studies of quantum spin dynamics David J. Gross, Director of the KITP and spin coherence in condensed matter systems.” and the Frederick W. Gluck Professor of “We’re enormously proud of David Awschalom,” said Martin Theoretical Physics, was awarded the Moskovits, dean of the Division of Mathematical, Life and Phys- 2004 Nobel Prize in Physics for solv- ical Sciences. “David and his coworkers are pioneer founders ing (in 1973) the last great remaining of a new branch of physics dubbed ‘spintronics,’ which ex- problem of what has since come to ploits a previously underused property-a kind of fundamental be called “the Standard Model” of magnetism-of the familiar particle of electricity, the electron. elementary particles. He shared the This magnetism could be harnessed to create a whole new prize with Frank Wilczek, a former UCSB faculty member now technology for carrying out computation, communication and at MIT, and with H. David Politzer of Caltech, for their work control. This accomplishment could, one day, rank alongside on the nature of the “strong force” that binds quarks into had- the discovery of the transistor in its impact.” rons such as protons and neutrons. Gross and Wilczek (who was Gross’ graduate student at the time) and (working inde- pendently) Politzer showed that if the forces between quarks Andrew Cleland is part of a team were described by “nonabelian gauge theory”, then those of 25 scientists (5 from UCSB) that forces would increase with distance, contrary to the behav- has been awarded a $13 million ior of the other three forces of nature (gravity, electromagne- grant to develop ways to use nano- tism, and the “weak force” responsible for certain radioactive technologies in the design of new decays), all of which decrease with distance.