. - - ·~"-"'..'."~.:'.'.~~:-'.-:;·-..->~--~~-·-: ~' .. ·;c.;.~·t:-}~c <·>· ·.-;·,_:·,c_:::.,::: ;·> :',.:. _)~, ,·,-~', ;_:·~ i:~";t~L .. R. A_YMON1l.G.R_·_ .AM. SWil{G. ·.. ><~· : .<>> '_/ }.' . .: ·> ,. f. ,:...... · :• ·, ·. .__.:,,,.;· · · · : · :.·_.•. '.;.•_., •.·.;_, - -=- -- -- a------0-- .• _o;~. ···-- WJlii~i · .- -.-.:------._._ :o. :/: ~~~~;'~~:-;::-~~>·-· - ::<;~_;}~:/ -- .-.~>>-:-.- ~::frs~i~~i~ :.:<~r;-_·:~~1t:1,u•·.~·,~~*~-~;·\ ·... , ···.:_-.J ,, •· ._:;~f;. · .'.: :-- ·;:;.::H:· ·~.~ DS~ sian navy. But the weight of tlle -war fel1 ~h:let'.ljt :f'roa .the elties 't
railway yards and workshops outside Paris, and the freight ¥ill!'4s-~ti~~·~Y:> and Tergnier, 16 miles northwest 0£ Laon. 'l'he operatoions cfo~t. 14 Bx>4.t:l~h , bombers. · Today nearly 2,000 American bombers and :fighte~s att.acked ,~fi~ht.e~ plant at Kassel, and 5 aircraft parks in the Ruhr• The weather was cltar and the bombing was accurate. But Ger.man :resistance was light• T1-•1ua operations cost 5 bombers and 2 fighters • 500 or !llOre plt\n,eS made t.h.e D9:1f '$. . --~'' routine attack on the French invasion coast. The recoi'd't',9~ ~ JlQUrs 1$ · - - - - - that perhaps 9,soo tons ot bombs were dropped on the. AX.is .tortre1;1sc.b-y4,,.:.,,~,,~ 6,500 planes •.And this leaves out of acc(>unt a Russian air.(l.ttiick on Lv~t'c:'}",I.;~ -~- :_::;.=3·, -.- :~- - in Poland where a concentration o:f troop a!ld trefsht tr$.Uis wai s.._slled .. and set afire.
From the Burma front comes the news that t.he 49tendo~s ()f Koh~ have been relieved, by an advance guard which is being tc;)l.lo'Wia;\)y
It was our work that prevented the Germa.ns t;rom blowing· up .\!18 c 1-t1:• Wt( · • : - . ·.. - . ~ .. cut the wires to t.he mines under the opera house, and to e~c~:ot tiie>pi•ra9> . • . . -- ' ------. • - -_ -- - ~- '. . : .-~ -, ,__ '!: :- .-_ from number one to number thirty. For two weeks before tl\e Germap.s ~etj, we became the rulers of the city by night. Had it no~ bee11for:11,;.9 'tli
Germans would have blown up the water and sewer system:s. We sayec1> tll~t' .. . telephone exchange by planting smoke bombs inside :I.~-. so "t~r ~l'.alan,,!J • '.tliopgi.~, ~~'- c " . , _ ·c, ··. -·-;.:. -t< . • ·_ - . :_' .,. ·- - ' it al.ready was burning, and did not put it to the torch•" i ! One night these parti~ans touched off a l)itter a.1l•l'!.1)tb.'t,ba~'lfl·.· .i"~'":/;;: I between two German military police battalions, et?.
:from twe;J.ve to forty dollars, p.stols for sixty to 'ighty~C)li.rs, alld tommy-guns with cart.ridges for a hwidred dollars. A loaf of 'bread wou.14 J>8J :for a grenade. The market place for w,.apons was quit_e ou\ in the open.• near the cathedral. This· story was told to tbe ~orreepondents by MaJor ·Lot'"hfµlkQ ia:t)u1' .'"·-: . - ··' -_ . ,- . ;,;"l-· - ' general partisan headquarters underground.; which ''hey reached. by Cl"011Ch~ along lialesto~e pasl).lage1'8Y8 ·that .l)rpade~
11 knocked out with "flying coekt,ails • The battle reged tor nine days before the Gerll8.ns could even break int() the ghett9, and it took them till June· Ij. < 1. to clean it out. The greater number of the Jews were killed, some .._re l1· taken into servitude, .·j some fewer escaped. I ·] !' \ It is estimated that five to six hund!'ed thousand Jews ~.-e st1i1 11ViJJB l,i in Poland, of the three and a half millio~ who lived th~re 'befo:rt tli&<•~·"'[
"." ·~-~,~~~ .. Thousands of them are living in the woods .or are }?eing hidden by PoliAJtl friends or are :fighting with the Partisans. The Gel"Jllal)IJ~now l'~i.llg . . . Hungary have g iyen orders to establish a ghet't>o 'there. $oaae vewia ~t.\,. eight or nine hundred thousand in B.ownania now ha.Ve a last. chance. te> ••~a:P••
The most energetic ef:f'orts are being made to aid these Jewa .to r~ac.h satet.y; ' and the American War Refugee Board has done subliltan,tial,.service in this i respect. ! The question of safe ·asylWll now confronts the Allies. l UnQ.•r present t .I British regulations, fewer than ao.ooo can be admitted into Palestine. JJ. . proposal is under discussion for the United States 'o IU.ke ~q!(enerous gest.ui'e ·l which will stillu1ate similar generosity by other count.J:oies• It is \() ·t I·'' bring some of these ref'Qgeee into the United States, not as iJllaigrem.~; but as fugitives froin Hitler~•· Here they could be acqoaod.ated in camp•,· j '---:~·~·----~-- _-_ -~ . ...:.,__. __::_-.::Z:
,!·;.:~-· l ··.-:..;_, .. -· - ..·· -:_:. ·; -~-- ·- : ~; ....: __,::'.\ .. '.!;.· : ·.·.:_'. '.:'.':,>._:.: .. :·: -·.-,···.·-:-,'-:·· ·.;: .~":- :'.:. .:.-,.-_·~: :·.:~~-~.-~~ .. ·:: ..~:} -- - - - . ·,:./._..',::\,":'.~,·, '."_ .. ·-._:-~:._~_. ·'···-· ,--.---· ..------. ~~ - . .-.. _- ,··;'.-'' ; -' - '.,\_ ..'.;·,,~--: ··- ~: 5·.;:)'·:.··.- _/--~- : ·- ,:~=<· _-,,_-: -<~:-~x-- -_ :~·-,:-. ~ ____ ,_; ..· .';-'--- - ___ :,·.:~__ .;:-:)=~~;--: ., - --- .. ·,\:::.::~:-:>·- , ,_ - _:.-:::~-~::': '?£.. <- .. :.<:- ~. ~ <->~<~-;~, :~::~ .> -~-- ,:,".¥_; . - ... _:- -::- -·' .·... ·,·,. ·.:·.·.• •.;:_' -. 0 .-----" _; /_:- . . · ;>_. ·: --~_,_._,~;:·, ---- · . 0••• ·:,, .\-~~{:·:;::·_,_·•• ·, "<•~ · .{-:'.~<~-.·=-.-/.·,·~.-~-.~~ .·.; ·;..;_:_, •";>o·: ---<.:-._~~- ':·'~- ~-~ .-. :_;~.-::---~ ' - ;:-.>' :_. __ .-- ~--.·- -·-·- .·._:-.:,_; .;,.~-~:-. ,----_:-.,,,_~--~ ~ ,;,__:-~ ;\·: ,·: :··~.;;-: .-~:~· ~; . .:· '~·'': ·;:::;:.:·.. :>,~··<:·',.-_-, .... "·:--. ; . given· sll~ltel.'• · t'o~, Jlltdi:CS.+ c:ve. ad• abQVe. lil:i.i ~.~~t\;)'~~m't•·~ ·~,_.)i.·•.1.·· ..•....•·.\ .. _..·' ..:': ... ~::>/:" .. · ·, ·" ., .. ,•.. " .. ·- . -_ <; : ... ' .•- . ;. ·.- .,.··---~---~-_.-.:;:,·- ;-;.·;,;~-:;·,;-,f~';:.~; .. :l~~::::::t:; ~:~:~~=: 1:::;.::i~~~~~&~~1~~jjji.~'.~~''.c:·...•. ,.~···· -.... -.~-- ;_:-·~.:: lead, it will be in a strategic pos1ti RAYMOND GRAM $WING : Wednesday A:pril 19, 1944 . The°':Rii~sians were ·closing tory now is in sight, and with it'the control of sian navy. But the weight.of the war fell chiefly and nothing could proclaim more emphatically the approacliot'f;)l~ Following yesterday's daylight attack on Berlin by the 8th .A:1:rl!'orQe, RAF sent the greatest number of Lancaster and Halifax bombers ever used. . . - . - . ' over occupied territory to disrupt German railroad conununicatt;ions in Fr/J.nce~ --"- '_.' ' They dropped more than 41 400 tons of.bombs on the Noisy-le-Seo andJutisy. railway yards and workshaps outside Paris, and the freight yards at Rouen and Terginier, 15 miles northwest of Laon. · The operations cost 14 British bombers. Today nearly 2,000 American bombers and fighters attacked a fighter . plant at Kassel, and 5 aircra~ par~s in the Ruhr. The weather was clear and ·the bombing was accurate. But German resistance·~as. light. These operations cost 5 bombers and 2 :righters. 500 or more planes made the,now routine attack on the French invasion coast. The r ecor~ for '.30' hmirs :is' that perhaps 9, 500 tons of bombs were dropped on the Axis fortress by·· .-·i. 9,500 planes. And this leaves out of account a Russian air attack on L~bv. in Polani where a concentration of troop and freight trains was smashed and set afire. From the Burma 1'ront comes the news that th defenders of Kohima have been relieved, by an advance guard which being followed "'by tanks and.artil!ery reinforcements. n had been surrounded for a week in the ruins of the village and en back almost continual attacks. As the heaviest force of the to this sector, and as Imphal is novr:~considered out of danger, the crisis of the invasion of India appears to be over. Iri the workers residential adjoining a· bombed house. And about Some day this home will be historic. down a kind of well, and gives entry the quarry there are other small and half-hidden through which a man or woman could. pass if crouching low. through the workman's kitchen was a secret one, and remained a two days before the Germans evacuated Odessa. he knew the password: "I am a friend. of Harry." The Axis garrison ot Odesaa; · knew about the catacombs, knew, too, about the entrances in the quarry. stationed guards there in the daytime, but so many guards were killed at night they gave up trying to maintain night sentries. During the Axis occupation, the catacombs of Odessa were themselves a besieged city beneath an occupied city. For the two and a half years the men and women of the catacombs held out. And then, in the days wh~n Qdessa' s liberation loomed up as a possibility,. the small band of refugees was organized.into a Partisan guerilla army to write one of chapters of the war. The catacombs of Odessa have a history that goes back 150 years, when Catherine the Great· ordered the city to be built on.the siteofaµ,old Russian trading post. Limestone was quarried out of the gro~d.beiow'the site, t~ erect the regal city. The quarrying le~ sizeable chambers below the city and also innwnerable passnges. Later, smugglers extended the passage to join the center of the city with the waterfront. In the 1917 revolution, the catacombs were used by the Bolsheviks. Later the Soviet govermnent mined the passages to prevent their being infe,sted by thieves and smugglers. In 1941 the catacombs became air raid shelters. Then, when .the Germans and Roumanians closed in on Odessa in that year, the Russians hid . . . . weapons. i:il the.• detground -· ;_· -~-"?'·" ;~~~f~--0 - uprising. From the start of the Axis occupati~~: small bands of guerillas. But in January 9'f' began, a real organization was put through. It chemical engineer, Major Anatole Loschenko, His own story was told to correspondents who we):'e taken City. ''We collected money and started a store of food in the said. ''We got a small mill for flc>ur, and a sausage mak:er.; We set printing press and renovated the artesian wells inside the caves •. a radio, and even had connections wi tP. the Russian front. The print sliop . turned out pamphlets instruQting the citizens about their dangers. Red Arrey started approaching Nikolaev, we went underground. out, and killed Gennan patrols and the police, It was our work that the Germans from blowing up the city. We cut the"wire$ to th$mine$ the opera house, and to each of the piers, from number one to number im1:r1~v. l!'or two weeks before the Germans left, w_e became. the rult;lrS of the_ night. Had it not been for us, the Germans would have bl?wn up and sewer systems, We saved the telephone exchange by planting inside it so the Germans thought it already was burning, an<;l (iidnotput,it to the torch. n One night these partisans touched off a bitter all-night battle between tw0 German military police battalions! each believing the other to be a partisan force. During the day partisan women circulated through the _city, and bought food, and still more important, arms. They could buy weapons from the Germans themselves in the open market, for the Germans were even g:r;-eater speculators than the Roumanfans. They sold their rifles for t'rom .twelve to forty dollars, pistols for sixty to eighty dollars, and tolllllly-gunswith cartridges for a hundred dollars. A loaf of bread would pay for a grenade. ""; . ··--.. ,.-r..' The ma:t:l!:Elt pl~ce general partisan headquarters along limestone passageways that high. Here was the reception desk with and their weapons taken from them. where Major Loschenko.worked at a stone block desk. tion works, where the flaming cocktails to attack gasoline-filled bottles, Farther on was a prison .chamber for and Ukrainian traitors. One of the prisoners had been a pretty woman who had to the catacombs as a RusM.an parachutist, She was admitted and then pliEld. < ·, • with liquor, and under its influence confessed that she had been sent by the Roumanian secret police. The Roumanians ha.d imprisoned her and her mother, promised them liberty if she would spy on the partisans• Two days before the Axis gave up Odessa the Germans learned entrance in the workman's kitchen. They sent 200 soldiers to attack the trict with rifle and machine-gun fire. The Partisans· caine up out of the. ground and gave battle. The Germans set fire to houses near the open:l,ng, they never attempted to enter. For 10 days before the Red Ariny:re~ched, the city on April 10th, confusion reigned as innumerable German.stragglersf'~ed . . . through. One band of' 50 Slovaks with machine-guns, mortars and ammunition. joined the partisans, along with some Frenchmen from Lorraine. Th.e chapt,er reached its climax in the final two days when the Partisans fought openly in the streets and killed at least 500 Germans and themselves suffered only 30 casualties. Here is a film. scenario with a hap~y ending. ,Another ti:pn scenari~ w:l,th . . different ending has come to light, the story of' the revolt of' the Warsaw ghetto~ whose first.anniversary falls today. This is a story of' even greater heroism since it could:,i'erid oniy< in.· t.rMedy ----··;:;._- ~year ago had ~lready beenr~duc~ci thousand of thein had been smuggled in.· by of the Javis had had military t~aining. buying them i'rom the Germans, just as in Odessa. On April 19th the Jews were summoned. to nieet. knew .it meant either another massacre or that they were go_iilg i~to labor in German industries. They decided not to meet. German police in force, and the J.aws started to resist. It had.not been planned. The decision to fight back was spontaneous. machine-guns and grenades on rooftops, in windows and on balconies. For one day, two days, three days, they fought back every German attack._ They killed and v.~Wi.dai 200 Germans. Finally the Germans had to call out their crack Elite_ Guard. They shelled the ghetto. They CWne Up with armored cars, tanks and flame throwers. Some of these were knocked out\with "flying cocktails". '!'he battle raged for nine days before the Germans could even break into the·~hetto, -~ : and it took them till June to clean it out. The greater number of the were killed, some were taken into servitude, some fewer esoapedi L. ' It is estimated that five to six hundred thousand Je\vs are· atilllhing ' - . . ~ . in Poland, of the three and a halt million who liv_ed there before th~ war. Thousands of them are living in the woods or are being hidden by Polish.friends .i or are fighting with the Partisans. The Germans now running Hungary have given l orders to establish a ghetto there. Some Jews' of the eight or nine hundred I i thousand in Roumania now have a last chance to escape. The most energetic 1 i I. efforts are being made to aid these Jews to reach safety, and the .American ! ' l ! Wa:r Refugee Board has done substantial service inthis respect• The question of safe asylum now confronts the Allies. 'Ull4tr pl',~·sent I J Briti_gh. r~ulations fewer -\;han :30 000 can be admi-\;-bea in-ho '.Pales-1.ine. A 1 1 r 1 ... j_; 0-,jiroposal is under discussion for which will stimulate simU.ar generosityby o~h~r--4 JO\Ult•ries;: som~ of these refugees into_t}J,e United.States, not fugitives from Hitlerism. shelter, food, medical care and, above all, security. country would not need to last longer than the war,· and after the war to organize their resettlement in regions where they belong where their services are desired. If the United States takes the lead, 1t will be in a strategic position to ask the British to relax the quota regu- lations in Palestine, and to invite other goverrunents to participate in dealing with the problem,, This country, which has suffered least from the ravages and impoverishment of the war could well make up its mind to do this as a way to celebrate the birthday tomorrow of Adolph Hitler, And now a friendly message to wartime America. 1--- Dear Mr. Swings Th&nk you very mhoh for thi~ -morntng•e g~ner~ue gift of your time. Sinoerely1 I. M. Welruitein Speci.U. Assist•nt tQ th• " . Executln Direct~. Mr. Raymond Gram Swing 1613 .. l~th Strjl!lt~ N, W. Washington, D. c. / IMWeinstein:als 3/30/44 ,' . ~. ; ;.-- Dear Mr. Swings Thank ;you very mu.ah for thi!J morning'EJ senerouo gift of your time. Sinoerel,y, I. M. Weinstein Special Assistant to the Executive Director. Mr. Raymond Gram Swing 1613 ... 19th Street, N. w. Waehinaton, D. c. ·~; IMWeinsteinaals 3/30/44 Dear· Mr. Swingc Thank you very muoh ror th:l.JJ morning' rs genero~e gift of. your time. Sincerely, - --P- I. M. Weinstein Spacial Aeaietant to the Executive Di~eotor. Mr. Raymond Gram Swing 161' - 19th Street, N. w. Washington. D. c. IMIVeinstein&ala 3/30/44 -. '~ . : bases ~h~9h er~ or !leuualized more troops and gained possesaion of vital to the success of the remainder of the Pacific war• eair att.aclt~c these bases tha't Truk now is being subjected to relent.less service to the>.tap~• and possibly can be neutralized so far as effective neae is concerned. Ha].sey •s work With the virtual" conquest of the soiomons, Admiral up ~o· is finished, though he still might be given the Job ot ~~ing aialial'CI~ pe~.$.nll'Q;l•h · lated tl"Pan.ese forces in the northern Solomons and,~he two oth&r possibilities~ One llJ The dispatch, however, su,Sgests ~-~. •, ... _;. t.he reallocation of' geographical. areas among Adm1tal. Nf,aJit.~,,~~rai·:c:J~~""''~,\'ii tbe·eQti,r(! c;e>,~~i···:-'~i".'~'~,~:~°'~·~"'L - MacArthur and Admiral Hal.sey, or the breaking up,of Nimit.z• ; ~his -~- . · ·14... ~> and allocating most South Pacific forces to MacArthur l!I~ to Which hl.l would ].eave Admiral Halsey tree tor some new ase:lgnaent·, new ~ellnaatnt·app•ar• record obviously entitles him• The natUl'e of some such a diep,tcb to be under cqnsiderat.ion. Admiral Halsey, in per.111itt.1n,g in which he to leave his headquarters, is not publicising a contest is a' case in which wants power now being given someone else. This really Na'turall.y he hppe19· to a highly s uccessf'ul off'icer has :finished his job. ~Ji end-~iate f.<)r get a new one of the same importance. Hie task caoie t9.,., . on March,, 10th... .'l'))at the mopping up--when marines occupied Emirau Islamt' completed the 'b1ockade and isol.ation of' pe19h,ape 100;000 effectively . ' .. ot 'fruit. Aac°c>t'4i~ • Japanese, and brought the Allies within bombirig reach ',.;·._.1.. . . _ ._, . -· -~. . '.· -·. ~- =_ .- -• .' . - ··.·::.:,.:·.. ··:·. , __ .': _· - ,,·· . ~ '• ·' _:,\·:·-.• ,· ·. ··: i . :.>.:·.~·-·.:> . .. - ~-·: - - ' .·. ~:-·, :>r . -... :, .. '--·- ·- ... :•:, __·.·.· ·.'1-·: -· .- - - -· -. . -. i . }{~. ;: _: L >. -.• ·.·--··· .\J.' ;c: .. :···. . -~:,..;>7.---" · -... ~.- ~:_.,..~ ·S _'.:<<':.·:· >:, ,- .... · -- .. ,<~~ :'.\~· ..... - \ ' ···1··:_ ·- - :'::.:~::::: t:.,:::::.:·:;:~;~~~~~~~~~~~~i~>' ',;,,t/••1 . .::~~:}=:·~$::::: ::::-~ ::·t:·:::~·::;-z,.~:t:~~~~~~~~~~;·; Philippines, at ·r about the same distance as Palau. ·>\ With ;;;'. - \- the attaqk on Palau and the persistent. 'bo.tnl>ing of' '1'r\lk9 • ne1':<> ,,., \ phase of the Pacific war hes begun. The Japanese are a~:rO~if 011 P•;L'!l~• .~' and reducing it promises to be a still - te>ugher prol>1~ tlµm Tl'tik.• -- ilit attack on ' -· ... · Truk was breath•taking for its aU.daci ty.• But Ti-uk lia!:l ~••n advertised as the chie~ enemy base in the southwest Faci£;i.t; .. - lt' ·tur:.rJ.ed · .-. out to be less important in the Japanese defense scheme than the pu'b~ic - had expected. It was not a Japanese Singapore. But Palau promise~ t.'o be much of what the public·~ad expected :from Truk. So the g:reat·n$yal and air attack on Palau last week must count as one of the greatpX"ophetic:t lunges ot the Paei:fic war. Final news o:f what happened in that three day atti;cK.Jli\S '· .- not coae ~.:---;_:;; -- through~ Without - - waiting for a navy communique, SecretaryKnoxtC)da)' gave out the preliminary - :-. --·,_: - news that every enemy Ship anchol"ed t.her~,· %4•« ~ . at Yap and Woleai was .,_ <-~.'-~--~~~ ·~- -~ . sunk. He said the. cost to us was .an ;tni'ltia~ l~~a - _ o:~, o:f 27 .. _ planes, 11 bombers, 8 torpedo bombers and 8 :t'ig~te~s-~ Tokyo ,hE.l•· :..;,,~~:·· given its own version of the attack, claiming to have suQk two cruts~)"as, heavily damaged or set af'ire two battleships, an aircra£t. eanier arid other v,essels, and downing 80 American planes. But to.I' Tokyo t.his was a relatively mild splurge in statistics• and the comuniq~e admitted eo.me Japanese damage. Secretary Knox, giving the :figure of' 27 lost planes, said; "That's all that happened to us. 11 Full details of the dam.age to the ,Japanese, and the number of ships sunk at their tlu'ee blilSeB will JJP\ be available until the full task farce breaks radio s{lence!f . - -. . - -·-· - .. . . '~ '.-- Palau is 460 miles from t~~ Philippines, and 1,000 idles beyoJi&i Truk. Those two f'acts tell their own story of' how the P•cifio war :ls wfi1 not prove. -~e most .coatiy o~·,~-~~efiic_-\tJ~-~~~·~,r··t·~~¥-~i'.f.~·~~l;';; be breakirig into Japan •s inner det'en~es1 .. whe~!l1'~~~~~~~4\~;"~·~- ~~~.~\(:.'{' .·• ·:V·' ·-~ - ,-_. '·'<-'.;·,:;.::;-~;-,·:: ~:;:~:·:,_~_-:,:·~: :.~~t<-~·- ~~ - .. --~-.:.'/-./~-~ --. ,;_.:'- grasp. " ' ·. '~:""':;: .-';- :_,,. ,::_::·:~-'i. ::o,:.... ·.·; The bombing of the J~anese a~ base atHo1ianctt~- )riJt~... 'i;fler~·Jf+~z:/:.' ·-;--:·,:r\~_.--:f.:_.,, .. Guinea has contributed to both the Palau ana•.rr~ attae~, .-b~ ~rev~~'~ .. ,.·'·L·?'' the Japanese from using their planes based there t9r de:f'_~h.fl•• One ;Qj\; ' "-': , the heaviest raids ever made in the southwest Faci;(io,·l\f!- H()J.l,elri(r.~~-r·· ·. .. ' ..-~:~ Sunday with .more than 400 tons _of bombs. In a week's it.ill• mc:>re t~'2fP.'> .(X',° • ; of Hollandia •s planes .-- -,. •c'·--- have been destroyed or irrepar~b1y- - -· .- -: - we had been accustomed to think. And we must expeet th~tJn>oper4'\'-!~ ·· at such a high speed will expand," In; Jtlgiers today, General Giralid, once the Ameriean nolllinee ~r' leadership of French resistance; was pushed still further :ll'l'to tJ,'le bac~ ground. General De Gaulle became s upre- cou:unan(ie:r o-r the French &J'4led forces. Only a few mon~ ago, General Giraud ceased to be Joi11t pr.. i• dent of the French committee, under De Gaulliet press~'' ~' r~aeon t:tie_. given ' being that it wa.s..... not. suit.able to have military and· p~·;iitioal leadership vested in the same person, Today, disJ .- ,. since ·-· then. De Gaulle has swept a11· opposition aside, inclUCliiJi tlia~ Qi\\.· the highest British and American level. And the French CoIAlDittee i:ts81t has changed. - Today it compl•t.ed one of its biggest alterations in tald.»;f·. In two communist members along with a radical socialist, Which rouilda out its transformation into an organ of real netional union. No Alli.eel interference is to be expected in ;the matter of De Ga~le-'s asawapt.:lon - - ?~ - of supreme military command. The troubles of the Polish government in exile have be.en 11.d.d -.ii:ice " ·- - ,_;:- ~~-~~~_... '::-::;v_,- _-_ more before the British and American governments. It i~ in:t.he tora.of}'~2i::'' - a request that they give their a id to prevent inc:ide~t~tbet.we~n \he< Polish underground and the Russian armies now inside £(;rmer·<·P~;Ltsht.ioi~~:.-_ .... tory. The Polish government emphasized thet instl'uetions,, l'lave been issued to th' underground to cooperate with the Russian ermie•, and that these have been carried out. In one or two localit.ies, . it is etatedi friction hns developed, and this makes concerted action against the Germans impossible. In 14 districts members of the underground have revealed themselves t.o the Russians. "Messages :f'rolll Poland" saye the of'f'icial statement, "confitm that Soviet comman:te:r~ reaeive assistm.ice everywhere, and praise the fighting spirit and leadership i/t the P0-lieh underground. 11 '':/·· .... .::·:...... ·": ,•. ·}\·.. .. :·:;er .. ..._..;---·- .. ~~··•· • • •.. )j;. ,·;~.(.;§! ... '. .. '. ~y.·A;,~J.. ;;'.!: ::::~:~~~§:§~~~1:!~~~~1~iifilllllltf~t~~;~ up an armed rebellion that J,asted a 111ontth, andwas•cc;Jidu~~•.~·!it.h.·t> · .•.•.•. -..~::·~ff·· : -:.;· ' ..-. '· - :'··-<.::~.:~ ~--,~----: ~ heroism. The Na.is fought back as they had-tu :w•.t•~~~-liq.~·;~~~ilf.'..·J ;_\:; great • - . • - . . . ' .. - - ', ' c··.- .-c. ' . ~ '. liquidated the ghetto with its ao,ooo inhabitants, andtt~ruite~e4·~~~···,i'., :(;:·; 2 Who were not Qasualt.ies or did not escape, to a labor csulp•. At fJ:',bft.,iik~j. a gas che.rnbel" where many t.hoWJ$g.(li o~ J~jJi{ where the Nazis JD!ilintained ' ------' ·" - --- . ·_· .. The Nazi guat'd'w"a&J a~j.ltj ·iU have been murdered,. a revolt broke out. . ·,·· . buildings were set afire, e leotrio c QllllUUllioation lines 1f91'fl · dest~;ed · and ammunition wae seized. Here 200 Jews escaped. to the 1rd0.0St as tbieJ have in other regions, and joined the Polish Ubltrgroun.4~ An •1:"11Mt4 . revolt broke out later on in Sabiber, and hundreds of Jew$ escaped .\o. the woods. ArlJled rebellions also were steged :ln Paniatov and '.t'ravnikl. resistance of the Jews naturally has not be~ on a iatge scale;, l;lu~. The y_·. - -:~-=-,·.-.:: :. . -· : it has beQn well-organized, and it has added substanti~ly :t.o, tJi•dittii!!··· cult1ee of the Nazis. '~-·-:,~~~-ti~~:.-,;~<. --, ., :-- ·:·-,_,~~-- - ~...c....,, .. ~,~~ • 'l'lie Allied Mediterranean air force ·today left it$ destructivef~~l;lf~r~'.F .. cards onBukarest, after having visited Budapest, and.liiade•trequ~' calls on Sofia. All these recent visits are concerted et'~~t.~·:. , ...t'Q.jive··aid ' . > - _. -. _,_,._ t.o the Russian armies advancing in Bessai-abia and Rouma.n1a·, Se:Ver~l h""• dred heavy bombers were over Bukarest, and at.tacked in particular th~ extended freight yards. on whic~ supply of the P,ard-preseed N4zi troops depends. Last night big bonibers ot the same £orce were over Dudapest for a. second t im.e, concentrating on the Mannf'red Weiss steel works, Losses in the Monday raid on Budapest were announced ~s 16 bolDbers ·:.:. and 9 fighters, as agaimt ~,Nazi planes shot c:tow.n.'. Sunc\&J's ra~d Oil -:-.; Steyr cost the Nazis a hundred and f'itt.een planes, of w~ich bouel-8 account.ad for 82 and figP.ters 33"-t This is the largest number of.-en.-, .. ' \<\/:-~~ ·,, '-> ·:. ,. ,·;-,· ·<} <_< .. :.:: .····s1 - - • - - --· ~- _, ~-· -~---:-- _:_--- - :- • ~.:- ';:-~,--'" ~,;:-;-.~:0T"-:-"··: ':"~-: ''"':':-,;'~-c~:::;~~~:~~-~;~~~:,::1=.-:3~}-=_~-~~}Y:i~:::; '···~,\..i:.~· -- -.,_·; ··>-~::';'.~L~~;,:_:~{ ·:. _.-• <'' <•''.' .• <'. .,,... <-'';:::(_;_ ;-i'f.• - -'..- i.·;·. 'Jc.;·:::_,.,. - . .- ... ·.·-.·· ·•j-..· :.6..;, .. e::·;•/ -. ' .•. - .. - .• . . . '.•: ·.<: •;': ::~••. \ ·•; --. . '< .•/ .. . -<••• «:-·.":::-:· ,..... , ... ';i :.·...... • .., ····: ...... «:· \:•':;:- •-'f: . . -- -· . - . . -. - . . ·- . .. • .. <:>'·<' ?ii' 1 ;;,lF :!·~·:~·::::':::~ ::!:::-:~~;;:t~l~:~if·:·~--~-·-··; ~~~rJr~ ~------~~--_-,?: ::~~.~s r ._ -'< _,·:: ;,_-.. ... ·1 Tarnopol, and }lad killed more than t..-"' ~oUtiJA. .,.:lt~#~C~o#Pf;'~~··;~ :.. __ ~ '.~.:·~~-~·'.·_,G:i. · ·_•·1 · the. laet three days. 'l'hey al.•o announced\);\• e~pt.\Jl'e'9~'.:}10~~n~>~~-·'#i• .~·'i£ ~··;., .. '.·; .·· 1 l>niaeter, 30 1&11"& nar~hooe~ of CeJ'MU\1, 0..00 \hlo ~f;i;J;~\:il!ft~~,/i~~.. --••. i> '• i,:~r ·••.1_•_- garrison. The ba,t.tle of extenninat.ion agaiQ&t. t'.b,e .a\n'v:ti~t•.·•t'_i$: - 1 Gel'aian div is ions encircied 1n t.he Skala area on 'he i>ltfi?~l.tili 6ont~-~;~;:Fi·;<:.:\:;;~ . ] . ::: ::::d:.. :~;'"~=.\::hp:=~.. :~ :::=~~:;:~::,.: :,;i\l of the Bug river ot Poland, which is t.he ft'ontier of l?olir.b ar•a· l incorporate<,i in the German Ueic h. The 1'•4 Arm.y alBo me adva.D.ced lO j within 37 miles of Odessa. ' I And now a friendly message to wartime Allla>ica. 1 ·· -- . - -_ . - -, .. - : -' . - :.·.~ '"""~--' - EXECUTIVE OFFICe OF THE PRESl~E~L . ·WAR REFUGEE BOARD. INTER:OFFICE COMMUNICATION • ro Mr. J. W. Pehle FROM I. M. Weinstein FROM ffiOADCAS'l' BY RAYMOND GRAM SWING -- BLUE NETWORK - 'l'OESDAY, ~IL ;4, Not enough has been heard about another undergrotmd in Poland, that of the Jews; ·Reports just received from Poland shovi that since the liquidation of the Warsaw ghetto, the Jews have been responsible for a series of insurrections. A few months ago at Byalistok, the Jews kept up an armed rebellion that lasted a month, anµ was conducted with great heroism. The Nazis fought back as they had in Warsaw, and finally liqui- dated the ghetto with its 30,000 inhabitants, and transferred those who were not casualties or did not escape, to a labor camp. At Treblinka, where the Nazis maintained a gas chamber where many thousands of Jews have been murdered, a revolt broke out. The Nazi guard was. slain, all buildings were set afire, electric collllnunication lines were destroyed and ammunition was seized. Here 200 Jews escaped to the woodf!.1: as they have in other regions, and joined the Polish underground. An armed revolt broke out later on in Sabiber, and hundred~ of Jews escaped to the woods. Armed rebellions also were staged in Paniatov and Travniki. The resistance of the Jews naturally has not been on a large scale, but it has been well-organized, and it has added substantially to the diffi- culties of the Nazis. I l ..... _[ . ~ .- "'~ -'. .- .-.; - Mr. J. w. Pehle I • .l'l. Weinstein Not enough bas been heard about anothor.uud~rground in Poland, that of the Jews. Reports just received from Poland show that ainceth0 liquidation of the '.'iarsaw ghetto, the Jews have beq responsible for a series of insurrections. A fe-l'i months ago at Byalistok• the J"ews kept up an at'med rebellion that. lasted a month, and w~s conducted with groat heroism. The Nazis fought back as they had in \'!arsaw, and fin~1)..y liq~i:• dated the ghetto with its 30,000 inhabitants, and trana:fe;rred those whQ were not casualties or did not escape, to a labor camp. At Treblinka, f~here the Kazis :naintained a gas chamber where many thousands of 1ews _-.-._:. ... have been mm.>dered• a revolt broke out. The. Nazi guard watf· slain, all buildings were eet ~fire, electric communication lines v;ere destroyed and fll1ll.'lunition was seized. Here 200 Jews escaped to the \~oods, aa they have in.other regions, and joined the Polish und0l'grOund. An armed revolt broke out later on in Sabiber, and hundred(; of Jews eacaped to the woods. Armed rebellions also were staged in Paniatov and Travniki. The resis7,ance of the Jews naturally has not been on a large scale, but it has been well-organized, and it has a oulties of the Nazis. .Mr. ;r. w. Pehle l. u. Weinstein Not enough has been heard ubout anothor und,erground tn l'ol.and, that of' the J'ews. Reports just received from Polnnd show that dn~e th() liquidt1t ion of tho : arsaw gllotto, the :r ews have been l!elllpons~bltl t'9l' a up an armed rebellion that lastoo a mJnth, a.nc W!'.;S condttoted with great heroism. Tho Nazis fought buck. as th<}y had in Warsaw, and :t'inallt; liqui... dl;ts wro-G not co.mlli.lti es or did not escape, to a labor cm1p. At Treblinka, where the Nazis ~iaiutaine.d n igas chamber whllU'.• wmy tlwusands Qf J'rM.·n have bean murdered, a revolt broke out. The Na~i gtW:.t'd wa~ Sl(l1n, ·all buildill{~a w~r'"' lffr(; @fix·.-,, electric ee-llll!lunieutton lines t' The reai~tunce of tho Jews naturally has not b6en on a large sc~lo. but cu.lti..,,a of tho Nazis. \!oi i&llmJ;gh M3 'b~® htMl!'<': c.'>mlt ll!fWt;bo;1• tUUJ tl1,,t <'>f tlH) J';.!f.;a. '!tt.!!~"''rt;,; Just r'•S .tiQt}ld~tian r;f th{) >•n·~tm rr.liot.to, t~Hr ,'f~w1a \1;:,~.,ti ba~i~ r~~murlbl~ ft:."tt " U;:t ,;i.n lH"iiW !H1Po'i1n•. '~'ha rf;ade f'~'w;:>1t; \}•:.ck -><~ tf<'1<1F ~• .,,,0. in <~t'IN$1!'• ~nu 1'i);!;U.1~t liq,ui,.. (',£i'.c:x; ~.\"1 f?h(ltto >dt.b it~ 3'cl(,';OO in.\l';b!t14r,t;,;;;, !Ht{\ t-~"'1-tii'd'~': \l fJ1'0 not "'"';W~U: 1 »'Jl ;;}:t' <"it( tt"t M~fJ'j)i.I• t"O b la.bur O~l ~f.t~-o ~hn K!i$!ftfl ~~~llltfii:tt~- n M,mri ~;ive be,.i!'m '11\U.' Tb.u Ji'{l'ti1i1r.mt;,f.le of th0 ..if!m{!; nr.•.t\!ni. l.ly h~lj not b~:;.n ciu. i?J: l¥.tl!N'/.1~ ~altlt but it. 'cu~s bt,it-l'1 ls~ll~lf't'{lltll'~i~tHl, .ru.11~ it n1ts ~('.•}~ ~~u!.mti•mt!atl.:f to the 6:U'tt;. cn.tl.J;'h:i,;s ot tlH1 ~!~. :·'ot iilt'F»;jt'~fr fl 't!\J',t of t1l~ .1~w$. 'S.•;DM'ti1i Jl.t$t N&(Jh@(l t';mm i~lwm!l: ~l~t;w t)l'1!it d~@~ t?illl't l!Q\liil>'ltiMt ¥;f t\!'.l l:U'tl!lti' &•iw\t11, tb.<'!' 1~$ hftY'3 h~\ l'~ ltl!.'1.'!~ t::f in#UX'NlOt!1.nv.~. '· flfJW !OOl'lt~~ i';.({) .,,~~ 'lttit eys:rn' ~·n~m~ thft !'1ti;:1tin '''"~i.h;tr.d.m~ >1 f?~M· et>1~11;~bf'.ll' wh~~ ~l'IY ~hwuf.sl:ltl6 ;:if/ f~'l"~ h1.ww b-:w11& t!l\J1J{jr7r*"-t ri !'~1trlt bW.~1" au~. ~211,0 ~iild ~U.·J<~·d ~ft~ l!ll!'l;'bii! ~.11 'buHd.inga >n~:r" swt ilLflc(f, ~l~}tr'l.f.i· •.t;()c;OllmmiCl11t.fon Hrim.J \Q'~.ll'~ ue.st~Qy.~'- ~~!!'t .in .... t' \h~ .;1l'}()f1s.. .;~J;H\{ t>tt'noini,'.ll'ii'.< ~.t.;(l)o t?.~W~ ~t:11g1c:tJ. tn f~Mt~tf)V fi.U1l 'l!t$1'lllM+ 'i'1.1ti .l"r.'h1i~1··_;1,i' (}l,!.), t;.f f.112 l;l,f th.I,!\ f'-Ml\i.li~. "'-i:r• l fl 1>1' }.~~l.f¥ '.i. ~. -~~1f!Jllt.'>'it1 ~'-F ~. i;f tl·;c. J~.,~. ~;)~r:r?t~ Jil!'Jt ~li'-Ot'V\¥) !''<""1H'• i°'f}l~i~li': i! lhx•h\f;M,,~ -:;•" %\'('! v.r1~0 t!1~ i-1t1~1,~ ,_,,..bt!i ·;;;W•l 1'!MP.'l )!ll&mlf$'"~'t !l f*V<1l'11 b-,r;;'>;t} t!l.l:(;• ~-~ ~~i ~i\l'IU'.d i":~:f}t @.l1 ln.tiltiin~'" lt<;J.:t-,·· ~wt. •J>1'~s1'.t• ~.fi."J'8tt>1G "'"'''Gl:'"' ~·f1~ f>f!'-")Mt>.it!~ 1\f!t;"; ~Vti.$.'1.'i• ~lt~·il' ?,!l;) $f.-l1M! 'll~\!4l-O. t~ iht) l\:ifMi4;,, tl8-: t,;'l'~~}f }J~~~~ iik ~llt~~~~ ·1,!·:?:;d,.trn:i,~. ~~~~;,.~ j-rJir.t·i-~ th~·- \11it~h t~~~~~EVf,f;W-5:'.;-t.J'l~. t*l~ 4R-~ !i'fHl 'fut! .1!'1ll-.m1.w··"'~u~,;i tJf tlhlll ;f>'f!•~~ 1-i&tu~~il.!Ji :3'-<•¥1 ti~t t:l P.f.:.·:io't l .dT'::l ~;·::i:}., .'!·id JB ,}t nit;ht · th!'.t there were 80'.J,OOO Jews in Hung._ry -- thr.t. Hungt1ry vms e. hfl.ve:q for +.hem. If the Nl'.zis occupy Ruma11ia, the i:;reatest part of the Jews fP.ce ~nnihil~~tion, He hoped Roose~elt, St~lin and Churchill wi 11 issue a wurnin5 in most 9"'\j'hR tic ]p. llbUflgp,, V, H. M.