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THE PARIS CATACOMBS the Number of Visitors to the Site Is Limited to 200: During Busy Periods, Admission May Lutetia

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THE PARIS CATACOMBS the Number of Visitors to the Site Is Limited to 200: During Busy Periods, Admission May Lutetia La Seine MAP OF QUARRIES IN PARIS AND ITS THE CATACOMBS SURROUNDING AREA AND THEIR HISTORY Gypsum quarry Rough limestone quarry Chalk quarry La Seine Paris The southern limit of the rough limestone quarries VISITOR’S GUIDE VISITOR’S The ossuary known as the CATACOMBS Catacombs was created in the late 18th century in abandoned underground quarries dating from the 15th century in the CATACOMBS locality of “Tombe-Issoire”. THE PARIS PARIS THE The first bones were transferred here from what was the largest Parisian cemetery at the time, La Marne the Saints-Innocents Cemetery, La Bièvre located in the Les Halles La Seine © Musée Carnavalet - Catacombes / Roger-Viollet district. The cemetery was Map according to a document the quarry from inspection department – IGC © Légendes Cartographie closed in 1780, at the request of the municipality, due to FILLING -2 000 YEARS Opening hours Sewers and pipes concerns for public safety. Daily 10am–8:30pm, except Mondays BEAUCHAMPS SANDS The Quarry Department, and some bank holidays. -36 MILLION YEARS PLANNING Admission desks close at 7:30pm. Between street level and that created by a decree of the Royal Visiting conditions and accessibility THE GEOLIGICAL of the Catacombs, visitors travel Council on 4 April 1777 with YOUR VISIT Distance covered: 1.5km back in time nearly 45 million years. Length of the visit: 45 minutes. SUBSOIL OF the aim of protecting and Temperature: 14°C. PARIS They descend through a succession Over 100 steps on both the way down and up. fortifying the Parisian subsoil, The tour is not recommended for individuals of rock layers before reaching a Metro suffering from heart or respiratory conditions. m limestone bank from the Lutetian was put in charge of choosing It is not recommended for sensitive individuals and young children. geological stage. 21 and developing the site for the The Catacombs are not accessible for persons The name of this stage, which was MARL AND GRAVEL with reduced mobility. -40 MILLION YEARS ossuary. Children under the age of 14 must be specifically identified in the Catacombs, accompanied by an adult. comes from the Roman name for Paris, Little by little, these former THE PARIS CATACOMBS The number of visitors to the site is limited to 200: during busy periods, admission may Lutetia. Limestone from the Lutetian limestone quarries began to 1 avenue du Colonel Henri Rol-Tanguy - 75014 Paris be delayed. Telephone: +33 (0)1 43 22 47 63 stage provides high quality cut stone, house the bones from all the Photography and filming commonly referred to as “pierre de Paris” www.catacombes.paris.fr Photography without a flash or tripod is cemeteries of central Paris, www.carnavalet.paris.fr permitted on the site, strictly for your own (Parisian stone). private use. As you can see on the map above, particularly during the urban Getting here Metro and RER: Denfert-Rochereau Guided tours and group visits the underground quarry areas are development work carried out Guided tours are offered weekly. (lines 4 and 6, RER line B) - Bus: 38, 68 broken down into zones based on Booking is required for group visits. m ROCK BANK UPPER LEVEL OF THE by Prefect Haussmann, up until The Paris Catacombs and the Ile de la Cité Information is available on our website: the geological layers encountered: 2 UNDERGROUND QUARRIES Archaeo logi cal Crypt, as historical and memorial sites www.catacombes.paris.fr 1860. Beginning in the early m related to the capital’s history, are part of the Carnavalet gypsum is used to make plaster, th Museum – dedicated to the History of Paris. GREEN BANK 19 century, the Catacombs limestone to cut construction stones 1,6 and chalk is used to make coatings. were opened to the public, m LOWER LEVEL OF THE Warning SOLID LIMESTONE Any theft or attempted theft of bones 3 UNDERGROUND QUARRIES creating a wave of curiosity from the Catacombs of the City of Paris will be immediately and systematically Limestone mining in an underground quarry that attracted a growing prosecuted. Any destruction, damage SANDY LIMESTONE in Bagneux, 1906 -45 MILLION YEARS or harm to persons or property will be © Vallet, IGC collection number of visitors. prosecuted in accordance with the laws SAND AND CLAY and regulations in force. Bronx agence (Paris) - Cover: © Christophe Fouin / Paris-Musées ★ Geological description including rock ages (from a document from the Quarry Inspection Department – lGC, Paris) 5. CROSSROADS WITH THE LOWER CATACOMBS 6. THE ENTRANCE TO THE OSSUARY 1. THE COPY 8. RENOVATED HAGUE 1 OF PARIS At this point, the gallery overlooks a steep “Stop, this is death’s empire!” Thus begins the path that leads ramp that connects the upper and lower through the remains of several millions of Parisians. The ossuary The particularly humid climate conditions Catacombs, which represent two different forms a loop in the quadrangle that is formed above ground of the Catacombs made it difficult to conserve Access to the galleries is via a staircase quarry levels. This ramp was set up at the by Avenue René Coty, Rue Hallé, Rue Dareau and Rue d’Alembert. the bones. In addition, the hagues began to of 130 steps leading 20 metres underground. th end of the 18 century, when the ossuary The first bones were thrown here haphazardly into an deteriorate. They required constant upkeep and These long, narrow corridors follow the paths abandoned quarry shaft. It was only around the year 1810 © Sara Boudjoghra / Musée Carnavalet - was created, with a grand entrance © Eric Emo / Musée Carnavalet - occasional renovations. This hague was renovated of the streets above ground. Signs indicate Catacombes Catacombes / Roger-Viollet featuring Tuscan pilasters, which are in fact that Héricart de Thury (1776-1854), Inspector General of the in 2015 and differs from the others in its stone © Philippe Ladet / Paris-Musées the names (which often no longer exist) of the Quarries developed this area. The long bones and skulls were © Sara Boudjoghra / Musée Carnavalet - solid pillars used to support this dangerous Catacombes foundation insulating it from the ground, as streets you are under. At the time, this entire part of the quarry ceiling. arranged decoratively to form a back wall behind which the well as in the absence of the cement or mortar network was referred to as the “copy of Paris”. other bones are piled. These bone walls were called hagues, that was found to be harmful for the bones. Behind these supporting walls of the galleries, making reference to the walls built in the quarries using you can imagine the hollow, underground space the stones remaining from the quarry operations. that quarry workers dug deeper and deeper over the centuries. 2 Avenue René Coty 7. PRESENTING 2. UNDERGROUND THE BONES 9. THE FOUNTAIN SIGNAGE “DE LA SAMARITAINE” When Héricart de Thury developed this area, he created signage indicating from which Parisian cemetery the bones The fountain “de la Samaritaine” (of the Samaritan The architects and engineers of the Quarry woman) is in fact a well, around which a small Inspection Department marked their underground originated. Yet he also created a truly theatrical decor, similar © Sara Boudjoghra / to a modern day museum exhibit. White geometric shapes circular area was designed, surrounded by walls Musée Carnavalet - Catacombes construction work. The number of the worksite, composed of bones from the Innocents’ initials and the year have been engraved in the © Eric Emo / Musée Carnavalet - on a black background adorn the stone masonry pillars, Catacombes / Roger-Viollet Cemetery. This well provides access to a small stone. These inscriptions make it possible to follow reminiscent of Antiquity, whereas the decorative arrangement © Eric Emo / Musée Carnavalet - Catacombes / Roger-Viollet groundwater table. The quarry workers used it the progress of the reinforcement and development 3 of the bones is in keeping with the medieval ossuary th tradition. Along with a few lines reflecting on the fragility to make the mortar used in the construction work carried out from the end of the 18 century. of the hagues. For example, the inscription “65 G. 1781” 4 of human life, the overall impression is one of a strong indicates that this was the 65th intervention sense of respect, meditation and fear. carried out by Charles-Axel Guillaumot in 1781. 5 3. 10. THE ARCUEIL AQUEDUCT 6 FRENCH REVOLUTION Rue Dareau Other signs in the galleries refer to the Arcueil At the heart of the ossuary, we find signs referring Aqueduct, built between 1613 and 1623 by an order to the major events of the French Revolution: from Marie de Medici, in order to bring water to the “fighting at the Réveillon factory in Faubourg Paris from springs in Rungis. This stone tunnel ran Saint-Antoine on 28 April 1789”, where a workers’ just below the ground surface, with small manholes protest ended in a massacre, and the “fighting at the interspersed above to provide access to the tunnel. Château des Tuileries on 10 August 1792”, where Swiss © Philippe Ladet / Paris-Musées © Eric Emo / Musée Carnavalet - In 1781, a quarry collapsed, causing the waterways 7 Catacombes / Roger-Viollet guards fought against Parisian units. At this time, to burst and fall in several places, bringing the ossuary was temporarily used as a morgue where the water supply to fountains to a halt. they brought the bodies of those killed in combat. A segment spanning 150 metres was then entirely rebuilt by Guillaumot and the quarry 8 was reinforced 20 metres lower. 11 11. CRYPT OF THE PASSION: 9 THE BARREL 4. L’ATELIER 10 In the middle of the area called the Crypt of the Passion, The area called the “workshop” refers to a part of the quarry or the “tibia rotunda”, is a supporting pillar hidden that is still fully visible today.
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