Drawings of Scandinavian Plants 13—14 Eleocharis R. Br. By Sven-Olov Strandhede and Rolf Dahlgren l Institute of Systematic Botany University of Lund, Sweden Eleocharis multicaulis (SM.) SM. [Scirpus multicaulis SM., S. palustris L. sensu ampl. p.p.] The species treated earlier (Fasc. 1 and II) belong to ser. Eleocharis (syn. Palustriform.es SVENS.), subser. Eleocharis [syn. Palustres (C. B. CLARKE) SVENS.] and have bifid styles and biconvex achenes. The species treated here, E. multicaulis, belongs to ser. Multicaules SVENS. with tril'id styles and trigonous achenes. Rhizomes stout with extremely short internodes and numerous side shoots giving caespitose plants with the basal parts closely embedded in withered old shoots and adventitious roots. Basal sheaths of the culms pale brownish to yellowish or greenish with minute red spots, rarely reddish, at least near the base; orifice oblique, often with a marked tip. Culms about 1 mm in diameter, often bowbent, 10—50 cm; collen- chyma strands rather stout and numerous, normally 1—3 epidermal cell rows between them; normally two palisade layers and two or more parenchyma layers in the interspaces between the vascular bundles, resulting in dark, non-translucent, commonly + olive green or + yellowish-green culms. Cell walls rather thick: stomatal guard cells longer than the subsidiary cells (though not protruding as in E. mumil- lata), resulting in convex short ends of the stomata; stomatal length 55—80 p. Spikes of about the same length and shape as in E. uniglumis, though less variable (6—14 mm). Basal glumes of the spike amplexicaul, less 1 STRANDHEDE is responsible for the text and Fig. 1, DAHLGREN for the draw­ ings. 20 Bot. Xotisor, vol. 121, !!)G8 306 SVEN-OLOV STRANDHEDE AND ROLF DAHLGREN than half the length of the spike [length (2—) 2.5—3 (—3.5) mm, width (1.5—) 2—2.5 (—3) mm], with a broad green midrib and a broad hyaline margin commonly split in the rounded tip, 1(—2) sterile. Fertile glumes 3.8—4.6 mm, rounded ;uid brownish (sometimes black­ ish) with a + broad greenish, or later yellowish midrib and + brown­ ish hyaline margins, sometimes split in the tip as in the case of the sterile basal glume. Total number of flowers frequently 20—30 (—36); receptacle density 25—36 fruits per cm of the rachis. A shoot, developed from an adventitous bud, often found in the axil of the basal glume of the spike (false vivipary). These adventitous shoots often reaching the water or ground because of the frequently bowbent culms, developing occasionally into spike-producing plants while still in the mother spike (see figure). Thecae yellow, 1.8—2.5 (—2.8) mm long. Pollen grains sector- or sac-shaped; length 45—60 u, width 30—40 (i. Achene shape angularly trigonous, pyriform to obovate in outline; length (1.3—)1.4—1.8 mm, width 0.7—1.0 mm; colour greenish to blackish-brown; surface rather smooth. Styles trifid. Style bases pro­ minently developed, somewhat necked or almost sessile; shape angu­ larly trigonous, pyramidal; length 0.4—0.6 mm, width 0.3—0.4 mm. Bristles 3, well developed and sometimes 1—3 ± rudimentary; barbs short, adpressed. Chromosome number 2n = 20 (Fig. 1) (heteroploid chromosome num­ bers occur). E. multicaulis prefers shallow, stagnant, oligotrophic waters with muddy bottoms. Its distribution in Europe is + atlantic: in Scandinavia it occurs from Bergen in W. Norway south- and eastwards below the mountains and in the southwestern parts of Sweden. Though lack­ ing in eutrophic, calcareous areas, it is collected in pure calcareous mud ("kalkbleke"), poor in nutriment, at Boda, Öland. In Denmark it occupies wet sites in the oligotrophic western parts of Jutland. It is also reported from the Faeroes. Outside Scandinavia, it occurs in the British Isles and West Europe through the western parts of Germany, France, N\V. Spain and Por­ tugal. East of this area, it is known only in small, isolated populations in East Germany, Poland, Trieste, Liguria, Corsica, Sardinia, and Ara­ gon. It is also known in Morocco. Bot. Notiser, vol. 121, 1908 ELEOCHARIS MULTICAULIS Bot. Notiser, vol. 121, 1968 308 SVEN-OLOV STRANDHEDE AND ROLF DAHLGREN Fig. 1. A—B: Eleocharis multicaulis. — A: 2n = 20 in a root mitosis (plant no. 058804 from Sweden, Bohuslän, Uddevalla, Kroksjön). — B: 2n = 10 in a first pollen mitosis (plant no. 050,">04 from Sweden, Skåne, Örkened, S. Smesjön). — C—D: E. quinqucflora (plant no. 029601 from Skåne, Skanör, Skanörs ljung). — C: 6fi bivalents in a first metaphase. — 1): n = 6(> in a first pollen mitosis. E. quinqucflora (F. X. HARTM.) O. SCHWARZ [Scirpus quinqueflorus F. X. HARTM., S. pauciflorus LIGHTF., E. pauci- flora (LIGHTF.) LINK] This species and E. parvula, treated in Bot. Notiser 121 (4), belong to ser. I'diiiiflorae SVENS., characterized by their trifid styles and style bases, which are confluent with the apex of the achenes. Rhizomes slender ond monopodia! for (d>oul 3—5 nodes with 2—3 cm long internodes, then producing on assimilating culm surrounded by two basal sheaths corresponding to those of the other species. The next shoot generation, developed in the axil of the first basal sheath of the culm, may continue Ihe rhizome, but more often the following internodes are extremely short, and a cluster of assimilating shoots or, in autumn, a c. 1 cm high and broad bud is produced and serves as a resting organ. From this bud new generations of assimilating shools and rhizomes are developed next year. Basal sheaths of the culms Bot. Notiser, vol. 121, 19C8 DRAWINGS OF SCANDINAVIAN PLANTS 13—14 309 a z 3 O t. Notiser, vol. 181, 1908 310 SVEN-OLOV STRANDHEDE AND ROLF DAHLGREN green to pale reddish-brown, often with reddish bases, orifice straight or somewhat oblique, often with a dark margin. Culms thin (0.3—0.5 mm in diameter), (3—) 7—20 (—30) cm high: collenchyma strands strong and numerous, usually less than 5 epider­ mal cell rows between them; commonly one well developed palisade layer and 2—3 + parenchymatous layers in the interspaces between the vascular bundles, resulting in dark, non-translucent, + pure to greyish-green culms. Cell walls thick and markedly undulated, especi­ ally along the collenchyma strands. (Though more markedly in E. quinqueflora, as shown in a figure, all taxa have a + undulated pattern of the cell walls because of the pits between adjacent cells; this pattern is not drawn in the figures of the stomala.) Stomatal guard cells longer than the subsidiary cells, resulting in convex but not protruding short ends of the stomata; stomatal length (50—) 55—70 (—75) u. Spikes shorter than 1 cm; basal glumes amplexicaul, reaching to half the length of the spike or more (length 2.5—5 mm, width 1.5—3 mm), commonly brown with a marked ± broad, greenish, later brown­ ish midrib, normally with a flower in its axil. Fertile glumes 3.5—4.5 (—6) mm, somewhat obtuse to acute, commonly brown to blackish-red, with a + keeled midrib and + brownish hyaline margins during pre- floral and floral stages, when older increasingly brownish and mem­ branaceous. The total number of flowers few, up to eight; receptacle density 22—37 fruits per cm of the rachis. (The exactness of this value is low as the racheae are shorter than 4 mm.) Thecae pale yellow and 1.5—2.5 mm. Pollen grains sector- or sac- shaped; pollen length 36—50 \i, width 30—40 [i. Achene shape angularly trigonous and pyriform to obovate in outline, with a protruding apex: length 1.7—2.3 mm, width 1.0—1.3 mm; colour + lustrously grey because of a white, epidermal reticulation corre­ sponding to the radial cell walls on the black background of the interior cells; surface smooth. Styles tri fid. Style bases at the apex of the achenes black and confluent with the apex. Bristles (0—) 6 (—8), as long as the achenes or shorter than them (or rudimentary), often unequally developed; barbs rather short, retrorse. Chromosome number n = 66 (Fig. 1), n = 67 in different plants, and n=66 and 67 in different first pollen mitoses of the same anther.2 2 The chromosome numbers 2n = 132 and 2n = 134 in H. WEIMARCK: Skånes Flora (1063) and N. HYI.ANDER: Nordisk Kärlväxtflora II 11966) both refer to my determina­ tions of haploid chromosome numbers in meiotic metaphase I and first pollen mitosis. Bot. Notiser, vol. 121. 19G8 DRAWINGS OF SCANDINAVIAN PLANTS 13-14 311 E. quinqueflora prefers eutrophic localities. It is most common in wet meadows along the coast, but also occurs in rich feus in the low­ lands as well as in the Scandinavian mountains. It is to be found in large parts of Europe, northwards to Iceland and Kola Peninsula, southwards to the Halkans, and through Asia to the Far East; it also occurs in North America. Bot. Notiser, vol. 121, 1908 A New Species of Lonchostoma (Bruniaceae) By Arne Strid Institute of Systematic Botany University of Lund. Sweden ABSTRACT The new species Lonchostoma esterhuyseniae STRID is described from River- sonderend Mountains (Caledon Div.), Cape Prov., South Africa. The four pre­ viously known species of the genus are all restricted to the SW Cape Province, ranging from the Palmiet River Valley to the Ceres and Clanwilliam Divisions. L. esterhuyseniae seems to he most closely related to L. pentandrum (THUNB.) DRUCK, which is recorded from a few localities in the Ceres and Clanwilliam Divisions. Lonchostoma esterhuyseniae STRID sp. nov. Frutex dense ramosus, foliis imbricatis villosis, capitulis paucifloris termi- nalibus. Corolla rubra, tubo angusto, segmentis obovatis. Original collection: Cape Province, Caledon Div.: Riversonderend Mts.