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Drawings of Scandinavian Plants 15—16 Eleocharis R. Br. by Sven

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Drawings of Scandinavian Plants 15—16 Eleocharis R. Br. by Sven Drawings of Scandinavian Plants 15—16 Eleocharis R. Br. By Sven-Olov Stmndhede and Rolf Dahlgren' Institute of Systematic Botany University of Lund Eleocharis parvula (R. & S.) LINK ex BLUFF, NEES & SCHAUER in BLUFF Ä FlNGERH. [Seirpus parvulus R. & S.. Limnochloa parvula (K. & S.) REICHB.J This minute water plan! belongs to ser. Pauciflorac SVENS. Creeping shoots rhizomatose or stoloniform, filiform, with a spongy periphery and a wiry center of vascular bundles, with one to a few 5—15 mm long internodes, then producing a tuft of assimilating shoots or terminating in a 3—5 mm long, beaked, bulbous resting bud. Sheaths of the creeping steins and based sheaths of the culms inconspicuous, membranaceous, sometimes with a dark venation of minute vascular bundles near their bases; orifice of the inner culm sheaths incon­ spicuous, straight or somewhat oblique, most often lacerated. (.alms thin (0.3—0.5 mm in diameter), (1.5--) 2—5 (—7) cm high, ascending to recurved: collenchyma strands weak and few. (3—) 5—12 (—1(5) epidermal cell rows between them; commonly only one weakly developed palisade layer, but no parenchymatous layer in the inter­ spaces between the few (2—4) and weak vascular bundles, resulting in + spongy, translucent, whitish-green or straw-coloured culms. Cell walls thin and markedly undulated; stomatal guard cells with convex short ends and of about the same length as the subsidiary cells; stomatal length 35—50 (—55) u. stomata broader than in other species studied (their length < twice their width). Spikes usually shorter than 3 mm, fusiform, when ripe broadly ovoid, in deeper water often reduced and most of the culms remaining vege­ tative. Basal glumes amplexicaul, reaching to about half the length of 1 STRANDHEDE is responsible for the text, DAHLGREN for the drawings. 30 Bot. Notiser, vol. 121, 19G8 4()6 SVEN-OLOV STRANDHEDE AND ROLF DAHLGREN the spike or more (length (1.0—) 1.3—2.0 (—2.2) mm, width 0.8— 1.4 mm], light-coloured with a broad, greenish midrib, + membrana­ ceous, commonly empty. Fertile glumes (1.5—) 1.7—2.5 mm, ovate, obtuse to subacute, commonly whitish-green or brown to straw-coloured, sometimes with two brown stripes, + membranaceous. The total num­ ber of flowers up to 10; receptacle density 40—50 (—60) fruits per em of the rachis. (The exactness of this value is low as the lengths of the racheae commonly are ^ 3 mm.) Thecae pale or whitish-yellow, length (0.7 -) 0.9—1.2 (—1.4) mm. Filaments markedly broad and connectives with large, often brownish cells, jirotruding ^.0.1 mm'-. Shape of pollen grains rounded: length 32—40 1—44) \i, width 24—32 (—40) \i. Achene shape pronouncedly trigonous and depressed-pyriform to ob- ovate in outline, without a prominent apex; length 0.9—1.2 mm, width 0.6—0.1 mm; lustrously straw-coloured; surface smooth. Style tri fid. Style bases triangular, 0.1—0.2 mm long and broad and confluent to the achenes. Bristles commonly (5, rarely 3 or 3—6, equalling or somewhat exceeding the achenes, rarely rudimentary; barbs minute and sparse, retrorse. Chromosome number 2n=10 (according to reports published). As all other species of Eleocharis in Scandinavia, il is perennial. It flowers later than other taxa (July to August), but it remains often completely barren. E. paroula occurs in the eulittoral zone along the sea coasts, where it forms mats in soft and muddy bottoms of shallow and sheltered bays. It is sparsely distributed along the Scandinavian west coast southwards from Nord-Tröndelag in Norway, through Öre• sund and along the coasts of the Baltic Sea northwards to the southern parts of the Gulf of Bothnia. It is rare throughout Denmark. Outside Scandinavia E. parvula has been reported from several local­ ities in western Europe and along the Mediterranean Sea. It occurs in saline areas of S.E. Europe and Asia. From North America, it is known from the East and West coasts and from saline areas of the interior. A few reports are known from South America (Venezuela. Brazil), Japan, and South Africa (?). 2 Similar lips of the connectives occur in a few other species of Eleocharis: > 0.1 mm long in E. multicaulis; <, 0.05 mm long in E. quinquefolia and E. acicularis. Bot. Notiser, vol. 121, 1908 )RAWINGS Ol' SCANDINAVIAN PLANTS 15-1« ut. Notiser, vol. 121. 1008 468 SVEN-OLOV STKANDHEDE AND ROLF DAHLGREN Eleocharis acicularis (L.) R. & S. [Scirpus acicularis L., Isolepis acicularis (L.) SCHLECHT.. Limnochloa acicularis (L.) REICHB.] This species belongs to ser. Aciculares (C. B. CLARKE) SVENS. The species deviates from other species of Eleocharis especially in its fruit morphology. Rhizomes composed of 10—-15 mm long internodes of successive shoot generations, filiform, with a spongy periphery and a wiry center with vascular bundles; at each node an assimilating shoot and a sheath­ like leaf in the axil of which a nein shoot (feneration is produced; from the axil of the basal sheaths of the assimilating shoots new assimilating shoots develop, and a cluster of shoots is formed at each node of the rhizome. Basal sheaths of the culms greenish to reddish, membrana­ ceous; orifice oblique. Culms filiform (0.1—0.4 mm in diameter), 2—10 cm high, when submerged sometimes up to 20—30 cm; collenchyma strands weak, 4—8 (—12) cell rows between them: commonly two cell layers, one somewhat palisadic, the other parenchymatous in the interspaces be­ tween the vascular bundles. The number of vascular bundles com­ monly i, resulting in i-angled green to deep green culms, when sub­ merged semi-translucent and normally barren. Cell walls thin, straight or moderately undulated. Slomatal guard cells with convex short ends, and the subsidiary cells of about the same length or shorter, resulting in ± convex ends of the stomata; slomatal length 32—52 u. Spikes 2—5 (—7) mm, in the prel'loral stage somewhat compressed and fusiform, later oblong-ovoid, in deeper water often reduced and most of the culms barren. Basal glumes amplexicaul, rather short (length 1.5—2.3 mm. width 0.7- 1.3 mm), reddish-brown to dark brown, with a broad, greenish midrib and hyaline, silvery margins, normally with a flower in its axil. Fertile glumes (1.5- ) 1.7—2.2 (—2.4) mm. ovate to lanceolate, somewhat obtuse to acutish, when submerged pale brownish to greenish, otherwise reddish-brown to dark brown, with a greenish midrib and hyaline, silvery margins. The total number of flowers 4—12 (—16); receptacle density 32— 45 fruits per cm of the rachis. (The exactness of Ibis value is low as the racheae are shorter than 5 mm.) Thecae pale yellow and 0.7—1.3 mm. Pollen grains ± rounded or sack-shaped; pollen length 32—40 u. width 28—32 (—36) u. Hot. Notiser, vol. 121. 1968 DRAWINGS OF SCANDINAVIAN PLANTS 15-16 469 XVI ELEOCHARIS ACICULARIS Bot. N'otiser. vol. 121, 1968 470 SVEN-OLOV STRANDHEDE AND ROLF DAHLGREN Achene shape obovate to oblong in outline: length 0.8—/./ nun, width 0.1—0.5 nun; colour shining white or yellowish, rarely brownish, with a white, marked reticulation of about 8—JO longitudinal ribs and a fine and close transverse striation. Styles normally trifid. Style base, though small, prominently developed, ± necked, conical-shaped; length and width 0.1—0.2 mm. Bristles up to 4, slender and shorter or as long as the achenes, ollen rudimentary; barbs short, adpressed and + retrorse. Chromosome number 2n = 20. (Specimens from e. 25 localities have been studied.) E. acicularis often forms more or less closed mats in wet clayish or sandy soils without other dense vegetation. II occurs along the margins and in the bottoms of small ponds, lakes and rivers, but also in brackish bays along the Hallie Sea to a depth of more than one metre, When deeply submersed, it remains vegetative. // is known from almost all parts of Scandinavia below timberline, but it may be more or less rare, especially northwards. It is sporadically distributed in Denmark, and occurs mostly near the coasts in Iceland. The general distribution of E. acicularis is circumpolar. It occurs throughout most of Europe; it is known from large parts of the USSR, from Arkhangelsk in the north lo Crimea and the Caucasus in the south, and eastwards from Siberia to Kamchatka. In North America it is distributed from Alaska to western Greenland southwards lo northern Florida and Mexico. Bot. Notiser, vol. 121. 1968 Gametophytes of Equisetum ramosissimum Desf. subsp. ramosissimum. I. Structure and Development By Jyotsna Chotterjee and H. Y. Mohan Rain Department of Botany, University of Delhi Delhi 7. India ABSTRACT The gametophytes of Equisetum ramosissimum DESK, subsp. ramosissimum occur on the east bank of the river Yamuna in Delhi. They are reddish-green, compact, and cushion-like, and are available from November to February. The gametophytes are male, female or bisexual and grow by a peripheral meristem. A vertical section shows 3 regions — (/) the upper part consisting of erect lobes and arising from a (2) middle prostrate system of parenchyma­ tous cells and (3) the lower portion bearing numerous unicellular, smooth- walled rhizoids. Spores were grown on Moore's medium to study germination and details of development of the gamelophyte. The gametophytes raised in vitro were also male, female and bisexual but their morphology was very different from those growing in vivo. The former were flimsy, erect and much branched. The sex organs differentiate in the peripheral meristem and show euspo- rangiate type of development. Each antheridium is surrounded by a single jacket layer and contains numerous multiciliate, spirally-coiled spermatozoids which are liberated through a pore formed by the separation of cover cells.
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