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Plant Microtechnique – BIO 4920 David Bogler and Richard Keating

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Plant Microtechnique – BIO 4920 David Bogler and Richard Keating Introduction to Laboratory Collecting material, fixation, basic sectioning and staining techniques Leaf characters – Morphology, anatomy Stem characters - Tissue embedding and sectioning Microtome sectioning and staining Wood characters – Anatomy, properties, evolution, identification Flower, fruit, and seed characters Scanning Electron Microscopy – Theory Scanning Electron Microscopy - Practice Pollen Analysis – morphology, terminology Pollen Analysis - Applications Cytology - Chromosome numbers and taxonomy Cytology – Karyotypes, polyploidy, meiosis Preparing posters and presentations Final Class Presentations Agavaceae Yucca Hesperaloe Beschorneria Furcraea Agave Manfreda Polianthes Prochnyanthes Yucca faxoniana Agave salmiana Dasylirion Dasylirion leiophyllum, Big Bend N.P. Dasylirion berlandieri, Nuevo Leon Nolinaceae (APG3 = Asparagaceae, Nolinoideae Dasylirion Nolina Beaucarnea Calibanus n = 30 5 large + 25 small Dasylirion n = 19 Combined Data: ITS1 and ITS2 0 Polianthes geminiflora 1 1 Polianthes pringlei ITS1 and ITS2 2 1 Prochnyanthes mexicana 2 1 Manfreda scabra 51 3 9 Manfreda virginica Strict Consensus 3 100 Agave americana 8 4 4 Agave attenuata 4 Trees 100 55 3 Agave lechuguilla 979 Steps 4 Agave dasylirioides 13 11 Agavaceae 100 6 Agave striata 100 2 CI = 0.659 9 Beschorneria albiflora 3 0 Beschorneria yuccoides RI = 0.815 10 Furcraea pubescens 18 0 99 13 Hesperaloe funifera 9 0 Hesperaloe parviflora 5 4 97 Yucca whipplei 29 4 Yucca elata 92 6 8 100 7 Yucca treculeana 25 56 22 Camassia scilloides Hyacinthaceae 15 Hosta ventricosa Funkiaceae 42 Cordyline terminalis Asteliaceae 1 2 Dasylirion berlandieri 2 19 88 Dasylirion longissimum 100 2 1 Dasylirion texanum 1 25 17 83 Dasylirion wheeleri 61 5 100 2 Beaucarnea purpusi Nolinaceae 27 74 1 Beaucarnea recurvata 18 100 6 100 Calibanus hookeri 7 4 Nolina lindheimeriana 26 17 88 Nolina nelsonii 82 3 44 27 Nolina parviflora 18 74 98 29 Dracaena marginata 8 Dracaenaceae 7 Sansevieria trifasciata 24 Liriope muscari 10 22 Maianthemum racemosum 17 Convallariaceae 6 Aspidistra elatior 12 Polygonatum biflorum 75 Asparagus officinalis Asparagaceae 65 Xanthorrhoea sp Xanthorrhoeaceae 125 Aloe bainesii Asphodelaceae Bogler and Simpson. 1996. Amer. J. Bot. 83: 1225-1235. Leaf variation in Dasylirion Dasylirion - Percent Recurved Prickles Dasylirion - Pistillate and Staminate Flowers Rolf Dahlgren (1932-1987) The Families of the Monocotyledons, Dahlgren, Clifford, and Yeo, 1985 System based on work of Huber, 1969 Examined micro-characters of seed coat, cuticle, endosperm, embryo etc Monocots derived from Dioscoreales-like dicot ancestor Liliiflorae divided into major groups Dioscoreales - 7 families Asparagales - 31 families Liliales - 10 families Melanthiales - 2 families Rolf Dahlgren 1980s Microcharacters “Lacrymograms” Combined Agave rbcL and ndhF Sequence data Dasylirion Ipheion Leucocrinum Echeandia Chlorophytum Anthericum Herreria Hosta Polianthes Agavaceae Camassia Chlorogalum Behnia Asparagales rbcL Danae Ruscus Polygonatum Maianthemum Aspidistra Seeds characters Strict Calibanus Dracaena Comospermum Peliosanthes Eriospermum Phytomelan Pigment Consensus Agapanthus Amaryllis Clivia Galanthus Allium 100 taxa Leucocoryne Gilliesia Tulbaghia Higher Dianella Pasithea Phormium Stypandra Asparagales Johnsonia Tricoryne Acanthocarpus Lomandra Sowerbaea Arthropodium Thysanotus Brodiaea Triteleia Milla Albuca Aloe Asphodelus Kniphofia Asparagus Myrsiphyllum Hemiphylacus Aphyllanthes Bowiea Muscari Scilla Anemarrhena Xanthorrhoea Xeronema Ixiolirion Sisyrinchium Iris Aristea Nivenia Isophysis Doryanthes Lower Cyanastrum Cyanella Tecophilaea Alania Borya Asparagales Curculigo Hypoxis Lanaria Astelia Milligania Blandfordia Cyprepedium Orchids Fritillaria Lilium Tulipa Clintonia Medeola Prosartes Scoliopus Streptopus Tricyrtis Calochortus Liliales Lapageria Philesia Ripogonum Smilax Colchicum Petermannia Uvularia Alstroemeria Bomarea Luzuriaga Trillium Veratrum Dioscorea Acorus Campynema 10 changes Ipheion Leucocrinum Echeandia Chlorophytum Anthericum Herreria Hosta Polianthes Agavaceae Camassia rbcL Chlorogalum Behnia Danae Ruscus Polygonatum Strict Maianthemum Aspidistra Calibanus Dracaena Comospermum Consensus Peliosanthes Eriospermum Agapanthus Higher Amaryllis 100 taxa Clivia Galanthus Allium Leucocoryne Asparagales Gilliesia Tulbaghia Dianella Pasithea Phormium Stypandra Johnsonia Tricoryne Acanthocarpus Lomandra Sowerbaea Arthropodium Thysanotus Brodiaea Successive MicrosporogenesisTriteleia Milla Albuca Aloe Asphodelus Kniphofia Asparagus Myrsiphyllum Hemiphylacus Aphyllanthes Bowiea Muscari Scilla Anemarrhena Xanthorrhoea Xeronema Ixiolirion Sisyrinchium Iris Aristea Nivenia Isophysis Doryanthes Lower Cyanastrum Cyanella Tecophilaea Alania Borya Asparagales Curculigo Hypoxis Lanaria Astelia Milligania Blandfordia Cyprepedium Fritillaria Lilium Tulipa SimultaneousClintonia Microsporogenesis Medeola Prosartes Scoliopus Streptopus Tricyrtis Calochortus Lapageria Philesia Ripogonum Smilax Colchicum Petermannia Uvularia Alstroemeria Liliales Bomarea Luzuriaga Trillium Veratrum Dioscorea Acorus Campynema 10 changes Nehemiah Grew 1641-1712 Anatomy of Plants - 1682 Anatomy of Vegetables Anatomy of Roots Anatomy of Trunks Anatomy of Leaves, Flowers, Fruits and Seeds Described nearly all the morphological differences in stems and roots, identified stamens as male, described pollen, recognized differences in wood, parts of a seed, parenchyma, Marcello Malpighi Anatome Plantarum (1675-1679) Stem Anatomy Dicot Monocot Stem Anatomy Wood Anatomy Monocot Leaves Leaf Clearings Trichomes Arabidopsis Solanum Cannabis Primula Eleagnus Root Anatomy Root Anatomy Root Anatomy Lilium Anther Pollen Root Tip Squash FISH – Flourescence In Situ Hybridization Tragopogon End .
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