Reproductive System

LECTURE: MALE

DONE BY: LEENA ALYAHYA ♣ LATIFAH AL-FAHAD

REVIEWED BY: WAEL AL SALEH

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Both - Black Male Notes - BLUE

Female Notes - GREEN Explanation and additional notes - ORANGE Very Important note - Red

Objectives: At the end of the lecture, students should be able to:

 List the different components of the .  Describe the anatomy of the primary & the secondary sex organs regarding (location, function, structure, blood supply & lymph drainage).  Describe the anatomy of the male external genital organs.

Mind map:

Male reproductive System

primary sex Conducting Accessory sex External organ tract genitalia

Seminal testis vesicles

Prostate

Spermatic Bulbourethral cord glands

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oFl UqgYqt1A Take a look!

Components of Male Reproductive System

Primary Sex External Organ: genitalia:

Testis Penis

Reproductive Accessory Sex Conducting Tract: Glands:  Seminal  Epididymis.  Vas Deferens. vesicles.  gland.  Spermatic  Bulbourethral cord. glands.

 An out pouching of loose skin & superficial .  The Left scrotum is lower than the right. *  Houses & Protects the testis  It has thin skin with sparse hairs and sweat glands.

s: It Regulates testicular temperature (no superficial fat)

Function  The muscle lies within the superficial fascia & replaces Scarpa’s

fascia

. Testis or (singular), Testes (plural). Testis . Paired almond-shape gonads that suspended in the scrotum by the * . 4 - 5 cm long *Weigh (10.5 – 14) g *Its volume is about 20- 25 Functions : ml

. . :

. Hormone production  A Peritoneal covering, formed of (Androgens- testosterone) parietal and visceral layers.

Testis  It surrounds testis & epididymis.  It allows free movement of testis inside scrotum.

Tunica albugenia :

Coverings of the the of Coverings It is a whitish fibrous capsule

Internal Structure Fibrous septae extend from the capsule, divide the testis into a (200-300) lobules. of Testis : Each lobule contains, (1-3) seminiferous tubules.

Seminiferous Tubules: :

. They are the site of . (a network of tubules) . It is the Site of merging of the spermatogenesis. RT . They form the bulk of the Seminiferous tubules. testicular tissue.

Blood Supply of Testis Testicular Lymphatics:

Testicular : Venous drainage :  Follow , ( of veins)  End in Lumbar (par aortic) Approximately a dozen veins which forms nodes It is a direct branch a network in the spermatic cord. From scrotum, penis, prepuce from the abdominal  They become larger, converge as it (external genitalia): aorta. approached the inguinal canal and form the Testicular .  Terminate in Superficial  Right Vein drains into IVC.  Inguinal nodes  Left Vein drains into Left .

Indication Evaluation of testicular pain. (Testicular Torsion ) Cremasteric reflex Technique Examiner strokes or pinches upper medial thigh causes cremasteric muscle contraction Observe rise of the Testicle on same side (normal) Normal. It is present with Epididymitis . If Cremasteric reflex absent (no Testicle rise): Interpretation It is Suggestive of Testicular Torsion Also absent in 50% of boys under age 30 months. Do not use this test under age 30 months Test Sensitivity for Testicular Torsion: 99% Efficacy Assumes age over 30 months Sensory: femoral branch of Nerves Genitofemoral (GFN) & Ilioinguinal N. nerve (GFN), (L1,2) involved Motor: genital branch of (GFN).

Epididymis Vas Deferens Accessory Glands

. A Single coiled tubule . 6 M long . A Muscular tube 45 cm . Seminal vesicle. . Located on the posterior & long. . Prostate. superior margins of the . Carries from the . Bulbourethral testis. Epididymis to pelvic It is divided into: cavity. glands. Head, Body and Tail. . Passes through the inguinal canal . Functions: . The Head receives efferent . It crosses the ureter ductules from testis. . Its terminal part is dilated 1. Secretion of seminal fluid . The Tail is continuous with to form the Ampulla of 2. Nourishing, Activation & Vas Deferens the vas Protection of sperms . It joins the in the . Functions: prostate 1. Secretes/absorbs the nourishing fluid. 2. Recycles damaged spermatozoa. 3. Stores spermatozoa Up to 2 weeks to allow for maturation

H VD B

T 1 Ejaculatory Ducts . Formed by the union of the lower end of the vas . Paired elongated glands. deferens and the of the seminal vesicle. . Located posterior & . Its length is about 1 inch (2.5) cm inferior to the urinary . The 2 ejaculatory ducts open into the prostatic bladder urethra. . Secrete (60% of ) . They drain the seminal fluid into the .

BASE OF THE URINARY BLADDER VD SV

2 Prostate gland The Largest . Walnut sized. Located at the neck of bladder. Houses prostatic urethra. Secretes (20-30% of semen) Shape Conical. It has: 1.Base (Superor): Attached to neck of urinary bladder. 2.Apex (Inferior): on . 3.Four Surfaces: Posterior, Anterior, Right & Left.

Function It Secretes enzymes which has the following functions:  Aids in activating motility  Neutralizes female reproductive tract.  Mucus degradation (Alkaline fluid)  Antibiotic. covering Internally, it has a dense fibrous Externally, it is surrounded by a fibrous prostatic Capsule prostatic Sheath which is continuous with the puboprostatic ligaments (levator prostate).

Relations Superior: Neck of urinary bladder. Anterior: Symphysis pubis. Posterior: Rectum (important for PR Examination) Inferior: Urogenital diaphragm, (UGD). Lateral: Medial margins of levator ani muscles (levator prostate)

2 Prostate gland (cont.) Lobes Anatomically: divided according to their relation to the urethra into (5) lobes: 1.Anterior (Isthmus): lies anterior to the urethra, it is fibromuscular. 2.Posterior: posterior to the urethra and inferior to the ejaculatory ducts. 3-4.Two Lateral: on each side of the urethra. 5.Middle (Median): between the urethra and ejaculatory ducts & closely related to neck of urinary bladder. It may project into urinary bladder. The Median & Lateral lobes are rich in glandular tissue. Urologists & Sonographers, divide it into Peripheral and Central (Internal) zones. The Central zone is represented by the Middle lobe. Within each lobe are 4 lobules, which are defined by the ducts and connective tissue. Blood Arterial Supply: inferior vesical artery. Supply & Venous drainage: Prostatic . Lymph Lies between the prostatic fibrous capsule and the Drainage prostatic sheath. It drains into the internal iliac veins. It is continuous superiorly with the vesical venous plexus and posteriorly to the internal vertebral venous plexus. Lymph drainage: Internal iliac lymph nodes. (you better not apply the rule that says "lymph vessels follow the arteries" here). Prostatic Structures seen on its posterior wall: Urethra 1.: A longitudinal elevated ridge. 2.Prostatic sinus: A groove on each side of the crest. The prostatic gland opens into the sinuses. 3.: A depression on the summit of the urethral crest. The ejaculatory ducts open on the sides of the utricle.

Hypertrophy of the Prostate  Benign

Common after middle age. An enlarged prostate projects into the urinary bladder and distorts the prostatic urethra. The middle lobe often enlarges the most and obstructs the internal urethral orifice, this leads to nocturia, dysuria and urgency.  Malignant:

It is common after the age of 55. The malignant prostate is felt hard & irregular during PR exam. The malignant cells metastasize through lymph and veins: 1. Lymphatic metastasis to Internal iliac & Sacral lymph nodes, Later to distant nodes 2. Venous metastasis to Bone & Brain through (Internal Vertebral Venous Plexus).

3 Bulbourethral Glands

 Small paired glands. Located at the base of the penis  Secrete alkaline mucus for: Neutralization of urinary acids of female & Lubrication  Also called a Cooper’s gland

Corpora Cavernosa "A Copulatory & Excretory organ. External genitalia: Penis Corpus Spongiosum

Copulatory: Excretory:

Has (3) cylindrical masses of erectile tissue Penile urethra transmits  Two Corpora Cavernosa & sperm.  One Corpus Spongiosum

Corpora Cavernosa Corpus Spongiosum Superior Paired Right & left masses of The Inferior mass (A Secondary erectile (Primary erectile tissue). tissue). They Provide the majority of rigidity & It is Traversed by the Penile urethra length of penis. Its Anterior expansion: forms the Glans Their Posterior Expansions: form Crura Its Posterior expansion: forms Bulb of (anchor tissue) against pelvic bone penis  Prepuce: Fold of skin covering glans (before circumcision)

Spermatic cord

Testicular Cremastric Artery of

Artery Artery Vas

(Aorta) (Inferior epigasric) (inferior vesical)

Genital Vas Pampinoform branch of Deferens plexus genitofemoral N. nerve

Vestige of Sympathetic Lymph processus fibers Vessels vaginalis

*Covering of Spermatic cord (from inside to outside):

Internal Spermatic Fascia from Fascia transversalis

Cremastric Muscle from internal oblique muscle

External Spermatic Fascia from external oblique muscle

Male's Doctor Notes:

 The Left scrotum is lower than the right because of:

1- Its difficult venous drainage into the left renal vein, which comes against gravity that causes stasis of the blood. This stasis is the cause of the Varicocele.

2- Compressing of the vein by sigmoid colon which also cause stasis.

 The testis descend to the scrotum due to:

1- Upper half of body grows faster than the lower half.

2- Intra-abdominal organs pressure on the testis.

3- Shortening of gubernaculum of testis.

 Renal artery at L2 but testicular artery at L3.

 Physiological maturation of sperms in the epididymis: 2 weeks.

 Prostatic venous plexus drain into internal vertebral venous plexus. So in case of prostatic carcinoma, it will spread to the spinal cord and brain.

1- Which one of the following is superior relation to the prostate gland:

A) Rectum B) Neck of bladder C) Symphysis pubis D) levator prostate 2- 4 years old child comes with severe testicular pain, a physician examine him by stroking the skin in the upper medial thigh. He observes no rise of the . Which of the following is the diagnosis of this case: A) Testicular seminoma B) Epididymitis C) Orchitis D) Testicular Torsion 3- Which one of the following is a primary :

A) Testis B) Penis C) Prostate gland D) Vas Deferens

4- Which one of the following is the site of the spermatogenesis: A) Seminal Vesicles B) bulbourethral gland C) Seminiferous Tubules D) Rete testis

5- Inferior vesical artery supplies: A) Testis B) Prostate Gland C) Penis D) Cooper’s glands

6- Testicular artery arises from the abdominal aorta at the level of: A) T12 B) L1 C) L2 D) L3

7- Which one of the following is a function of the Epididymis: A) Stores spermatozoa Up to 2 weeks to allow for maturation B) Secrete 60% of semen C) It allows free movement of testis within the scrotum D) Neutralize female reproductive tract

8- Which one of the following is an Excretory organ of the penis: A) Corpus Spongiosum B) Penile urethra C) Corpora Cavernosa D) Prepuce

9- Internal spermatic fascia originating from: A) Fascia tranversalis B) Internal oblique muscle C) external oblique muscle D)

10- Left scrotum is lower than the right because of: A) Shortening of gubernaculum of testis B) Upper half of body grows faster than the lower half C) Compressing by sigmoid colon D) Intra-abdominal organs pressure

Q Answer 1 C 2 D 3 A 4 C 5 B 6 D 7 A 8 B 9 A 10 C

GOOD LUCK Anatomy Team Leaders: Fahad AlShayhan

& Eman AL-Bediea