CombatingCombating DesertificationDesertification in in ThailandThailand
K. Thongpan & W. Waramit Focal Point Office of Thailand to UNCCD International Conference on Combating Desertification Beijing, China 23 Jan. 2008
CausesCauses ofof LandLand DegradationDegradation
- climate variation: drought
- deforestation: vegetation loss & soil erosion - over exploit of land:degradation & salinization - poor/no irrigation: lacking of water
1 5 Approaches for Combating Desertification 1. Weather forecast & early warning 2. Water resource development/management 3. Reforestation/afforestation
4. Land rehabilitation/soil improvement 5. Soil and water conservation -
4 Principles to combat land degradation 1. Incorporating with 3 Major Sectors (sources of income) - agriculture (food) - tourism - energy 2. Responding to public concerns - protecting environment - food safety and security - mitigating crisis 3. Focusing on least barrier/higher incentive - affordable technology - easy to manipulate - cost sharing/mitigating barriers - new and more income opportunities - mitigating risk 4. Operating with stakeholder participation
2 Incoporating with Agriculture
( food and tourism )
IncorporatingIncorporating withwith energyenergy (mitigating crisis and new income opportunity)
Oil palm for Bio-diesel
3 Responding to public concerns
Soil improvemen Organic t fertilizer Conservation plant system
LDD activatin Green Requests manual g agents of farmers 1-10 of farmers
Small scale Farm water pond Vetiver resource grass Areas of Extension
Protecting environment
มหาสารคาม
Stump Plough campaign
4 Food safety & security
Bio-technology Institute
Bio-technology products
5 Setting Measures and Goals
Organic Farming Project 2008
- establish 17,000 organic farming groups of 850,000 farmers in 2.7 hectare arable land - provide training, extension & demonstration of organic farming technologies - 25% of which will reduce utilizing chemical fert., pesticide & insecticide
Affordable & easy to Manipulate
Green manure
6 Cost sharing
Provision of farm pond
Mitigating risk
Organic diversified farming
7 Self Sufficiency Philosophy: new theory
Operating with stakeholder participation
- Land Development Committee - Sub-district Administration Committee - Volunteer Soil Doctors
8 Volunteer Soil Doctors
9 Compost making demonstration Stripe of leguminous plant with corn
Green manure crop Straw covering for keeping moisture
Vetiver grass along contour line Vetiver grass for keeping moisture
Compost from LDD1 microbial Liquid organic fertilizer from activator LDD2 microbial activator
10 Learning centre for organic fertilizer manufacturing
Pile of compost Shading compost
Compost learning centre
Compost for orchard Compost for sugar cane
11 Vetiver grass learning centre
Reproducti on plot
For soil and water Bank conservation protection
Liquid fertilizer Liquid fertilizer with sugar cane Liquid fertilizer with poultry farm learning centre
Liquid fertilizer Liquid fertilizer with orchard with fish farm
12 LandLand coveringcovering learninglearning centrecentre
LearningLearning centrecentre forfor paddypaddy fieldfield reformationreformation
Wind brake Bund
13 People Participation
soil and water conservation with teak inter-cropping
Development of Soil Conservation Technology Public water resource protection
LandLand DevelopmentDevelopment VillageVillage
14 Watershed management approach
Enhancement of measures & tools
• Old Land Development Act 1993 • New Land Development Act 2007 • Proclamation of Land Development zones • Introducing Integrated programme
15 SuccessfulSuccessful casescases
Best Volunteer Soil Doctors
16 Achieve 60 ton/hectare comparing to the average 16 ton/hectare
Kao Cha Ngum Land Rehabilitation Project of His Majesty King Bhumipol Innitiative
1986 Present
17 Ban Bua Kok Learning Centre for organic farming
18