1893. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE.· 17
speedy completion of the improvements at the entrance to Ya SENATE. quina Bay, Oregon-to the Committee on Rivers and Harbors. Also, a bill (H. R. 4434) making an appropriation for the im TUESDAY, December 5, 1893. provement of the Nehalem River, Oregon-to the Committee on Prayer by the Chaplain, Rev. W. H. MILBURN, D. D. Rivers and Harbors. WILLIAM D. WASHBURN, a Senator from the State of Minne By Mr. McRAE: A joint resolution (H. Res. 89) proposing an sota, and MATT W. RANSOM, a Senator from the State of North amendment to the Constitution of the United States-to the Carolina, appeared in their seats to-day. Committee on the Judiciary. The Journal of yesterday's proceedings was read and approved. By Mr. JOHNSON of Nor th Dakota: A joint resolution (H. INTERSTATE COMMERCE. R~s. 90) proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United St:1.tes providing for the election of United States Sena The VICE-PRESIDENT laid before the Senate a letter from tors by a direct vote of the people of the several States-to the the chairman of the Interstate Commerce Commission, trans Committee on Election of President, Vice-President, and Rep mitting, in accordance with the provisions of the act of Congress resen tati ves in Congress. to regulate commerce, the seventh annual report of the Inter By Mr. OUTHWAITE: A joint resolution (H. Res. 91) to stat€ Commerce Commission; which was referred to the Com permit Anson Mills, colonel of the Third Regiment of Cavalry, mittee on Interstate Commerce, and ordered to be printed. United States Army, to accept the office of commissioner under EXPENDITURES AT SPRINGFIELD ARMORY. the convention between the United States of America and the The VICE-PRESIDENT laid before the Senate a communi United States of iexico of the dat9 of March 1, 1889-to the cation from the Secretary of War, together with a letter from Committee on Military Affairs. the Chief of Ordnance, transmitting a statement of the amoLmts By Mr. RICHARDSON of Tennessee: A resolution to print expended at the United St::ttes Armory at Springfield, .Mass., 20,000copies of the President's annual message-to the Commit- during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1893; which was referred tee on Printing. · • to the Con'lmittee on Military Affairs, and ordered to be printed. By Mr. HINES: A resolution asking for the appointment of a committee of five to investigate certain charges against the INDUSTRIAL CHRISTIAN HOME ASSOCIATION OF UTAH. Lehigh Valley Railroad Company-to the Committee on Inter The VICE-PRESIDENT laid before the Senate the annual re state ~nd ~oreign Commerce. port of the board of management and control of the Industrial Christian Home Association of Utah; which was referred to the Committee on Territories, and ordered to be printed. PRIVATE BILLS, ETC. STATUE OF GEN. JAMES SHIELDS. Under clause 1 of Rule XXII, private bills of the following The VICE-PRESIDENT laid before the Senate the following titles were presented and referred as follows: letter from the governor of Illinois; which was read: By Mr. CURTIS of New York: A bill (H. R. 4416) for there STATE OF ILLINOIS, EXECUTIVE 0EFIOE, lief of Bvt. Gen. George S. Greene-to the Committee on Mili Springfield, JJecemlJer 2, 1899. tary Affairs. . . Sm: I have the honor as well as the pleasure of advising you that in pur of suance or an invitation extended to the States by authority of Congress, the By Mr. COBB of Missouri: A bill (H. R. 4417) for the relief Legislature of the State of Illinois at its last session caused Mr. Leonard Charles P. Chouteau, survivor of Chouteau, Harrison & Valle Volk, a distinguished American sculptor, to make a heroic statue in bronze to the Committee on Claims. of Gen. James Shields, one of Illinois's most distinguished warriors and By Mr. HENDERSON of illinois (by request): A bill (H. R. statesmen. The same has been placed in position in Statuary Hall at Wash· 1ngton, and will be unveiled on December 6 of this year at the hour of 2 p.m. 4418) for relief 6f Samuel H. Pook, construct<>r, United States I r espectfully invite your friendly cooperation. I have advised the Pres· Navy-to the Committee on Claims. ident and the Speaker of the House of Representatives. By Mr. HULICK: A bill (H. R. 4419) to authorize the Commis Very respectfully, JQHN P. ALTGELD, Governor. sioner of the General Land Office to issue a patent to Mace Hon. ADLAI E. STEVENSON, Clements's survey, No. 386, in the Virginia military district of Ftee-President and President of tll.e Senate, Ohio-to the Committee on the Public Lands. Wasll.ington., JJ. C. Also, a bill (H. R. 4420) authorizing and directing the Secretary Mr. CULLOM. I give.notice that at some convenient hour of the Interior to place the name of John P. Biehn on the pen to-morrow I shall introduce a resolution in reference t3 the sion roll-to the Committee on Pensions. statue, which is now in Statuary Hall, referred to in the com-· By Mr. McMILLIN: A bill (H. R. 4435) for the relief of David munication just read, and ask for its consideration by the Sen-· Young, Wilson County, Tenn.-to the Committee on W a;r Claims. ate. I move that the communication from the governor of illi By Mr. McCREARY of Kentucky: A bill (H. R. 4436) for the t'e nois lie on the table. lief of Smith R. Mershon-to the Committee on Military Affairs. The motion was agreed to. Also, a bill (H. R. 4437) for the relief of Charles M. Caldwell PETITIONS AND MEMORIALS. to the Committee on War Claims. _ By Mr. McALEER: A bill (H. R. 4438) to correct the naval his The VICE-PRESIDENT _presented a petition of the Rock tory of John C. Dull-to the Committee on Naval Affairs. River Annual Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church of By Mr. MEREDITH: A bill (H. R. 4439) for the relief of John Dixon, Dl., praying for the repeal of the so-called Geary Chinese Compher, Loudoun County, Va.-to the Committee on War law; which was ord~red to lie on the table. Claims. . Mr. SHERMAN. I present a great number of petitions from By Mr. MAGNER: A bill (H. R. 4440) for the relief of John L. citizensof Ohio, soldiers in the late war, without regard to party, Broome-to the Committee on Naval Affairs. who were honorably discharged, praying that the Senate '·thor By .Mr. STORER: A bill (H. R. 4441) for the relief of Robert oughly investigate the present administration of the Pension Macready, trustee, and another-to the Committee on Claims. Bureau, orders of suspension and subsequent orders, which claim By Mr. SIMPSON: A bill (H. R. 4442) for the relief of Arthur to modify, but do not, and which leaveusindoubtastotheexact B. Lupfer-to the Committee' on Private Land Claims. relation we susbin to om· Government as survivors of ·tb.e late Also, a bill (H. R. 4443) granting an honorable discharge to war." I ask that the petitions be separately noted in the REC John W. Jones-to the Committee on Military Affairs. ORD and referred to the Committee on Pensions. By Mr. WASHINGTON: A bill (H. R. 4444)forthe relief of the The petitions were referred to the Committee on Pensions, as estate of John J. Hamel, Dayidson COlmty, Tenn.-to the Com follows: / mittee on War Claims. A petition of soldiers of Montville, Ohio; Also, a bill (H. R. 4445) for the relief of Daniel Collins, David A -petition of soldiers of Chandlersville, Ohio; son County, Tenn.-to the Committee on War Claims. A petition of soldiers of Lawrence County, Ohio; A petition of soldiers of Martinsville, Ohio; A petition of soldiers of Bloomingburg, Ohio; PETITIONS, ETC. A petition of soldiers of Castalh, Ohio; A petition of soldiers of Wayne County, Ohio; Underclause1 of Rule XXII, the following petitions and papers A petitio~ of soldiers of Fultonham, Ohio; were laid on the Clerks desk and referred as follows: • A petition of soldiers of Manchester, Ohio; By Mr. RUSSELL of Connecticut: Petition of citizens of New A petition of soldiers of South Bloomingville, Ohio; London, Conn., forpennypostage-totheCommitteeon the Post- A petition of soldiers of Loudonville, Ohio; . Office and Post-Roads. ' A petition of soldiers of Monroe County, Ohio; By Mr. WALKER: Petition of J. Nelson James, asking Con A petition of soldiers of E ~.st Liverpool, Ohio; gress to compensate him for his discovery, which secures a more A petition of soldiers of Waterville, Ohio; complete combustion of mineral coal-to the Committee on A petition of soldiers of Pyrmont, Ohio; Patents. A petition of soldiers of Osborn, Ohio; XXVI-2 18 -· CONGRESSIONAL RECOR.D-SENATE. · DECEMBER 5,
A petition of soldiers of Rebellion, Ohio; the next ten days, when I can do so without interfering with A petition of soldiers of Reform, Ohio; more important business! I shall call them up and on a motion A petition of soldiers of Findlay, Ohio; for their reference, if there is not something better before the A petition oE soldiers of Sandfork, Ohio; Senate to which I can address myself, 1 shall make some remarks A petition of soldiers of Waynesburg, Ohio; and upon the subject and the question of the tariff generally. A petition of soldiers of Windham, Ohio. The VIC~PRESIDENT. The petition will lie on the table. Ml'. SHERMAN presented a petition of the Cincinnati (Ohio) Mr. McMILLAN. I present a .Jilemorial of sundry citizens Chamber of Commerce and Merchants' Exchange, praying for of Bessemer, Mich., remonstrating against the placing of iron the passage of the national antitrain-wrecking and antitrain ore on the free list. As the memorial contains data relative to robbing bill; which was referred to the Committee on Com the cost of producing iron ore, I move that it be referred to the merce. Committee on Finance, and that it be printed as a document. Mr. MITCHELL of Oregon. The 1st of November last my The motion was agreed to. colleaO'ue [Mr. DOLPH] reported from the Committee on Public Mr. McMILLAN presented a petition of the Detroit (Mich.) Lands~a bill (S. 945) to amend an act entitled ''An act to forfeit Typographical Union, pra.ying for the establishment of a Gov certain lands heretofore granted for the purpose of aiding in the ernment telegraph and for the construction of the proposed new construction of railroads, and for other purposes," which is now Government Printing Office by day labor; which was referred to on the Calendar. I present a petition very numerously signed the 8ommittee on Public Buildings and Grounds. by citizens of Oregon, farmers whp are especially interested in Mr. HILL presented a petition of the New York Jewelers' the passaO'e of the bill, in which they strongly urge its passage Board of Trade, praying for the passage of the Torrey bank at an early date. The necessity for early action arises from the ruptcy bill; which was referred to the Committee on the Judi fact that under existing law the time within which the parties ciary. have the right to ma~e payments on their lands expires on the Mr. DAVIS presented resolutions adopted at a meeting of the 1st of January next. I wish to call the especial attention of the principals and superintendents of the American schools for the chairman of the Committee .on Public Lands, and also of my col deaf and dumb held at Chicago, July 24, l89i$, praying for the league, to this matter. I hope the bill will be called up at an establishment of a department for the technical education of the early date. I move that the petition lie on the table for the deaf and dumb at the National Deaf-Mute College; which were present. referred to the Committee on Education and Labor. · · The motion was agreed to. He also presented the petition of John Paul Egbert ~..nd other Mr. MITCHELL of Oregon. I also preseij.t a preamble and citizens of the United States, praying for the repeal of the so resolutions recently passed by the State Horticultural Society called Geary Chinese law; which was ordered to lie on the table. of Oregon. As the resolutions refer to a subject of very great ADDITIONAL DEPUTY COLLECTORS OF INTERNAL REVENUE. import_mce to the J>eople of the Pacific coast generally, andes Mr. COCKRELL. I am instructed by the Committee on Ap pecially to the people of California, Oregon, and Idaho, I beg propriations, to whom was referred the joint resolution (H. Res. the Senate to permit me to cite the petition a little more at 88) providing for the payment of salaries and expenses of addi length than usual. It is in regard to the prune industry on the tional deputy collectors of internal revenue to carry out the pro Pacific coast. The resolutions aver that this industry has already become visions of the Chinese-exclusion act of May 5, 1892, as amended by the act of November 3, 1893, to report it with amendments, one of very great importance o~ .the Pacific co~t and can at and I ask for its present consideration. I will state to the Senate tain immense proportions as soon as the trees now planted shall that it will only take a few moments to pass it. fully bear fruit, the product being equal to 150,000,000 pounds The PRESIDING OFFICER (.Mr. VILAS in the chair). The per annum in California and about half as much more in Oregon Senator from Missouri asks for the present consideration of the and Was_hington. They recite that" the national result of such joint resolution. Is there objection? production will be to cause prices to rule low from home com There being no objection, the Senate, as in Committee of the· petition so that the grower can not expect more than fair wages Whole, proceeded to consider the joint resolution. for b .bor and rent for the capital invested, and that the prune Mr. COCKRELL. Let the amendments reported by the com grower suffers from distrust that the duty now collected by thA mittee be stated. Government will be removed and thlis subject him to ruinous rrhe PRESIDING OFFICER. The first amendment reported for~iO'n competition." The petitioners present these facts to the by the Committee. on Appropriations will be stated. . consideration of the Congress of the United Shtes and memo The SECRETARY. In line 5, after the word "dollars," the rialize Congress and the President of the United States that the Committee on Appropdations report to insert " or so much present duty on prune importations shall be sustained for the thereof as may be necessary;" so as t.o read: following re:1sons briefly stated: · Tha..t there is hereby appropriated, out of any moneys in the Treasury not Jl'irst. That such protection will encourage an industry of otherwise appropi'iated. the sum or $fi0,000, or so much thereof as may be great importance to both producer and consumer. necessary, to pa.y the salaries and actual and necessary expenses of as many Second. That our cured prunes, under such protection, are additional deputy collectors of internal revenue, etc. acquiring an excellence of a high order that will increase if the Mr. McPHERSON. I should like to inquire of the Senator _ industry is fostered. from Missouri if the joint resolution does not give a great deal Third. That our dried product is far more cleanly and health of power, discretion, and latitude to the collectors of internal ful than the common foreign prune. revenue? I see that it gives power to the collectors to appoint Fourth. That the law of supply and demand must regulate as many deputies as they please. Is it the intention to restrict· prices on the fair basis of the needs of both producer and con that in any way? I do not see any restriction in the joint reso sumer in the home market of the future. lution. It seems to me as though the power to appoint deputy The petitioners further state that they fully believe the result collectors should be with the approval of the Secretary of the of encouragement of the prune industry will be much greater skill Treasury or the Commissioner of Internal Revenue. in producing and curing prunes and in developing new varieties, Mr. COCKRELL. Does the Senator from New Jersey know and that the Pacific coast will soon be able to export very largely how deputy collectors are appointed? of a superior quality of such product for the best trade.of Eng Mr. McPHERSON. I suppose deputy collectors are appointed land as well as to the Americas and Asia. by the Treasury Department. I move that the petition be referred to the Committee on Fi Mr. COCKRELL. Then •necessarily the number of deputy nance. collectors would depend upon the action of the Treasury Depart The motion was agreed to. ment. Mr. MITCHELL of Oregon presented a petition of the Cham Mr. McPHERSON. But the collectors themselves have the ber of Commerce of Portland, Oregon, praying that an appro right to recommend or appoint as many deputies as they please, priation be made for the publication of a pilot chart of the as I understand it. No1·th Pacific Ocean; which was referred to the Committee on Mr. COCKRELL. I will state to the Senator that the com Commerce . . mittee have reported an amendment, which has not yet bee::::< Mr. VEST presented a petition of the St. Louis (Mo.) Spanish read, that the collectors shall appoint as many deputies as the Club, and a petition of the Merchants' Exchange of St. Louis, Secft;ltary of the Treasury shall deem necessary. That really Mo., praying for a modification of the tariff duties on Mexican does not change the resolution as it came· from the House of Rep imports, and for enlarging commercial intercourse with Mexico; resentatives, because under. the general law collectors of inter which were referred to the Committee on Finance. nal revenue can only appoint the number of deputies the Sec 1-.L·. DOLPH. I present duplicate resolutions of the Oregon retary will approve, and the deputies can not be increased in any State Horticultural Society, favoring the maintenance of the way except with the approval of the Secretary of the Treasury. present duty on prunes~ being a copy of the petition just pre Mr. McPHERSON . .If such •appointments are already suffi sen ted by my colleague. ciently guarded by law, I h ave no objection to the passage of the I ask that the resolutions lie on the table and in the course of joint resolution. .• 1893. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 19
Mr. COCKRELL. The ordinary appointments of deputy col Mr. VEST introduced a bill (S. 1188) to amend the act en lectors of internal revenue are guarded by the general law. This titled "An act granting pensions to the soldiers and sailors of is a special provision which is to operate for six months, and the the Mexican war, and for other purposes," approved January law under which the appointments are to be made must be com 29, 1881; which was read twice by its title,. and; with the accom plied with in five months from now1 fi·om the 3d of November to panying papers, referred to the Committee on Pensions. the 3d of May. This is a specifi.c appropriation for a specific ob Mr. PE-FFER introduced a bill_(S. 1189) fpr the relief of Capt. . ject, and an amendment reported by the committee gives the con Henry C. Seaman; which was read twice by its title, and re trol-of the number of deputies to the Secretary of the Treasury. ferredto the Committee on Military Affairs. Mr. McPHERSON. Very well. Mr. GALLINGER introduced a bill (S.1190) granting an in Mr. CALL. I underst!tnd that this joint resolution gives the crease of pension to DavidS. Corser; which was read twice by appointment of the deputies absolutely to the collectors.. It seems its title, and referred to the Committee on Pensions. to me the objection suggested is well founded, and that the Sec Mr. MITCHELL of· Oregon introduced a bill (S.l191) making retary ought to be responsible for the persons appointed as well an appropriation for t.he completion of the.light-house at Cape as for their number. Arago, in the State of Oregon; which was. read twice by its title, Mr. HOAR. I understand the classes of officers who are mere and referred to the Committee on Commerce. · deputies, like deputy marshals and deputy collectors of internal He also introduced a bill (8.1192) making an appropriation for ·revenue-I believe it does not apply to deputy collectors of cus tbe eshblishmentof range lights at the mouth of the Willamette toms-are appointed by the official who is personally responsible River, in the State of Oregon; which was re::ui twice by its title-, for their acts. They are not considered as coming within the and referred to the Committee on Commerce. constitutional provision as to the appointment of public officers. Mr. HILL introduced a bill (S.l193) for the relief of Lieut. In the appropriation bills from year to year there is a limitation Col. John L. Broome; which was read twice by its title, and' re of th~ appointment of such deputies, as I understmd, to the num ferred to the Committee on Naval Affairs. ber existing at a particular time, that there shall not be any in He also introduced a bill (S.1194) for· the relief o1 Hudson C. crease in that number. Tanner; which was read twice by its title-, and referred to the This joint resolution as it came to us from the Rouse of Repre Committee on Claims. sentatives simply said thatthesumof$50,000, without saying'' or HAWAllAN AFFAIRS. so much thereof as-shall be necessary," is appropriated for the :r,{r~ HOAR. I submit a resolution, for which I ask present payment of salaries and expenses of as many deputy collectors as consideration. · may be found necessary. It did not vest distinctly in_ any body the discretion, but simply said $50,000 should be appropriated to The resolution was read, as follows: pay so many deputy collectors should be found necessary, leav Resolved, That the Pres:itlent be requested, so far as in Ills opinion it shall as not be inconsistent witll. the public interest, to communicate to- the Senate ing it in that vague and-indeterminate condition. co:pies·o:r a.ll instructions which ma.y have been given to any representative The only limit, therefora, the only thing which will prevent or the United States, or amy naval omcer thereof. since the4 th day of March, 1881; in regard to the preservation of public order in Hawaii, or the protec the appointment of a thousand such collectors is_ the provision tion of the lives and property of Ame...-i.can citizens, or the recognition or in the_latter part of the joint resolution that the allowances-shall support of any government there. be made by the Secretary of the Treasury. So, o! course, no collector will be likely to appoint a number which the Secretary Mr. SHERMAN. - I am personally in favor of the resolution, will not approve, because if he does they would not get any but I think it ought to be referred to the Committea on Foreign Relations. In the absence of the chairman of th:1t committee I pay. The amendme~t now reported as I understan.£4 makes the thing clear· that is, it puts distinctly within the power of the do not like to see anything done with it except to refer it there. Secretary of. the Treasury the discretion and confers upon him I have no doubt it would be reported ba.ek promptly. the duty of judging of the necessity. Mr~ HOAR. It is m-erely a request for copies of such instruc As I raised th-e point yesterday, I wish to say that I am satis tioJIS as the Presiden.t may think not inconsistent with the pub lic interest, so that we may have the inform!ttion in convenient fied with the joint resolution as proposed to be amended~ The PRESIDING OFFICER. The question is -on the :firstr form. I suppose probably nearly all the information will be found amendment reported by the Committee on Appropriations;. which in the reports already submitted. has been read. Mr. SHER.M:AN. I have no doubt it will come in the reports, The amendment was agreed to. but in view of the President's message, in which he saysrl think The next amendment of the Committee on Appropriations was., rather curtly, that he expects to send in further information on in line 7, after the words" revenue as," to strike out' it may l:ie the subject, and in the absence of the chairman of the Commit tea found "and insert ''the Secretary of the Treasury may determine on Fo~eign Relatioru;, I think it is but courtesy to a member of this body to await his return before final action. I am told he to be;" so as to read: is to be here soon. Per-haps Senators on the other side can state That there is hereby appropriated, out of any moneys in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, the sum of $50,000, or so much thereof as may be when the Senator from Alabama [Mr. MORGAN] will be here. necessary, to pay the salll.ries and actual and necessary expenses of as many Mr~ GORMAN. I do not know myself; but Jet the resolution additional deputy collectors of internal revenue as the Secretary of the go over. - Treasury may determine to be necessary for the collectors in the several districts to appoint in order to the more thorough and P.fl'ective execution of Mr. HOAR. Let the resolution lie over. the act of May 5, 1892, as amended by the act of November 3, 1893, relating Mr. SHERMAN. There is no· objection to that c<;mrse. to the registration or, and the issuance of certificates or residence to, Chi Mr. HOAR. I shall call"it up to-morro-w. nese laborers who are entitled to remain in the United States, etc. 'L'he VICE-PRESIDENT. The resolution will go over under The amendment was ~greed - to. the rule. The joint resolution was reported to the Senate- as amended, RAILROAD LANDS IN FLORIDA. and the amendments were concurred in. ~fr. CALL. I submita resolution which I ask maybe. printed The amendments. were ordered to be engrossed, and the joint and lie on the- table. resolution to be read a third time. The resolution was read and ordered to lie on the table and to The joint resolution was read the third time, and passed. be printed, as follows: BILLS INTRODUCED. Resolved, That the Committee on the Judiciary be, and theJ :u-e, instruct.ed to inquire and report to the Senate whether the approval or public lands by Mr. CULLOM introduced a bill (S.l183) to amend section 3 of the Secretary of the- Interior to the State of Florida. for the benefit of the an act to regulate commerce, approved February 4, 1887; which Florida Central and Peninsula Railroad Company alleged to be under the provisions of the act or Congress approved the 11th of May, A. D.1886, and was read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on In. entitled "An act grantill.g land to the States or Alabama and Florida., etc.," terstate Commerce. · is not in violation of the said act of Congres , without authority of law, and He also introduced a bill (S.1184) to amend sections 7 and 10 of void and of no efiect; also whether such lands are not subject to homestead entry under the laws of the United States. • . m act entitled "An act to regulate commerce,''"approved Febru 2. To report by bill or otherwis.e such. legislation as may be necessary to ary 4, 1887; which was read twice by its titre, and referred to the protect the rights of homestead settlers on. such land and for the issue of Committee on Interstate Commerce. patents to innocent purchasers otland in lilnited quantities who have bought He also introduced a bill (S. 1185) to a.utho1·ize the Secretary and paid for such land in good fd.ith. of War to purchase for governmental and industrial use at Rock MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE. Island Arsenal, Rock Island, Ill., a testing machine fo~tension A message from the House of Representatives, by ]\fr. T. 0 . and compression; which was read twice by its title,_and referred TOWLES, its Chief Clerkr announced that the House had passed to the Committee on Military Affairs. the following b-ills, in which it requested the concurrence of He also introduced a bill (S. 1186) for the relief of Samuel H. the Senate: Pook, constructor United States Navy; which was read twice by A bill (H. R . 51) to change the boundaries of the judicial dis its titie, and referred to the Committee on Clai!IlB. tricts of the State of Florida; and Mr. HIGGINS introduced a bill (8.1187) for the relief of Prof. A bill {H. R. 340) to authorize the consh·Lwtion and mainte Peter Collier-; which was read twice by its title, and referred to nance of a dam or dams across the Kansas River, within the the Cammittee on Claims. Shawnee· country, in the State of Kansas. 20 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD--SENATE; DECEMBER 5, ·
PRESIDENT'S ANNUAL MESSAGE. considering the circumstances. What are the circumstances? The VICE-PRESIDENT. The morning business has closed, Just before the close of the last Administration a revolution took and the Calendar is in order. place i? Hawaii by ~hich the effete, ~orrupt native monarchy, Mr. GORMAN. I move ths.t 10,000 extra copies of the Presi- the ex1~tence of whl?h had been P?SStble to that time only by dent's message be printed for the use of the (3enate. the pohcy of the Umted States, whiCh prevented foreign inter- The VIGE-PRESIDENT. The question is on agreeing to the ference and restrained the American mfluence from accelerat- motion of the Senator from Maryland. ing a change in the government, was overthrown. A dissi- Mr. DOLPH. Mr. President, I was surprised yesterday bv the pated, corruptnative queen was deposed and a provisional govern· statements of the President in his message read to the Senate con- ment representing the intelligence, the wealth, the business in cerning our relations with Hawaii. Notwithstanding the report terests, the educational, moral and Christian elements in the of the Secreta.ry of State to the President upon that subject, islands waR established. and the statements contained in the press of the countrv as to On account of the preponderance of American interests in the the purposes of the Administration, I could not conceiv'e that islands and the well known policy of this Government towards it was possible that the Administration had dewrmined upon them the Provisional Government applied to the United States the forcible overthrow of the existing- government in Hawaii for political connection. A continuance under a native govern and the establishment of the native monarchy, I believed that if ment so corrupt that legislation was purchased, that justice was such hail ever been the purpose of the Administration the ex- corrupted_, that personal a?d J?roper.ty .rig~ts were in.secure, and pression through the press of the country of the almost unani- sorevolutwnarythatconst1tutwnalhnntatwnswered1sregarded; mous public opinion ag~inst such a course would have changed- was longer :unendurable; and to secure the reign of law and order, such purpose and have caused the President to modify his sup- the protect10~ of personal and .property rights, and not for per posed instructions to our present mjnister to Hawaii. But the sonal aggr~nd1zement, ~he nat1ve government was overthrown. President in his message yesterday said: As the pohcy of the Umted States w~ well understo~d to be that Just prior to the installation of the present Administration the existing ?O foreign g:overnment should ac9.mre the sovereignty of the Government of Hawaii had been suddenly overthrown, and a treaty of an- Islands, and if there was to be politiCal connection with any for !lexation had been ~egotiated between th;e Provisional Government of the eign power it should be with the United StRtes the Provisional Islands and the Umted States, and sublilltted to the Senate tor ratification. G t to . ' . . . This treaty I withdrew for examination, and dispatched Ron. James H. . overnmen ' .prevent an unnecessary cofl1~t between Cl vlhza- Blount, of Georgia, to Honolulu as a special c.ommissioner to make an im- t10n and barbar1Sm, hastened to place itself under the protection partial investigation or th~ circums~nces attending.the change of govern- of the American flag and to offer the sovereignty of the islands mX~~e;~dtg~ra~~~~e ;~~d~~~~~s~:C~fa~~~i~~8W.e~\g~~~es~~C:irted to to ~he United States.. Commiss~oners were appointed to ne- me his report, showing beyond all question t.hat the constitutional Govern- got1ate for the annexatwn of the lBlands to the United States. ' ment of H.awa.ii had been subverted with th~ac~ivea.id of our representative A treaty was negotiated by President Harrison and trans- ~~~a~r~:i~~~:fr~;:~~~1oeufi~~~~s~~d!~c~ ~~i~n~ld\~~f{::~~~ mitted t.o the Senate for rati~cation, but t~e tim~ remaining of pose at the instance of our minister. Upon the facts developed it seemed to the sesswn was too short for 1ts proper cons1derat10n. Upon the me the only honorable course for our Government to pursue was to undo inauguration of President Cleveland the treaty was withdrawn ~eP~~ft~a.~~;~:;~t~~:~~~tPJ'gt~~~~!eft~~:t~fr ~~~~g1 ~~~~~~~:;~~~~ fro!ll the.consideration of the Senate, and instead of proceeding With a view of accomplishing this result within the constitutional limits ot to mvest1gate the matter upon the facts already in possession of executive power, and recognizin~ .all our obligations and respo~sibilities the Government; instead of calling upon our minister at Hawaii ~~~fe~~.o~;n:r;:ea~g~~~~~~~fr~~~1~~~:~~e~i'e~u:[p~~~~t::i;~~~ ~or further information; inste~d, if the ~B.? t s were supposed to structions to that end. Thus far. no information or the accomplishment or JUStify ~uch a course, of rec~ll~ng o~r mmlSter and appointing any definite results has been received f.rom him. one satisfactory to the Adm1mstratwn, the President resorted So far as this statement asserts that tht) report of Mr. Blount to the unusual course of appointing a personal representative to shows beyond all question that the constitutional Government of go to Hawaii and investigate affairs with alleged powers para Hawaii was subverted by the active interference of our minister, mount to those of a regularly appointed and regularly accred and by the presence of an armed naval force of the United ited minister of the United States. The instructions tothisper St:ltes landed for that purpose, it assumes that the report of the sonal representative, the scope and extent of his investigation, personal representative of the President acting under secret in- the character of it, the sources of his information, his report, structions and conducting an ex pw·te examinat~on is entitled to and his recommendations were kept a profound secret, although more credence than the official reports of our former minister to the matter was already before the people of the United States, Hawaii and of our naval officers, the representations of the rep- was of great public importance, and was not of such a diplomatic resentatives of the Hawaiian Government to this country, and the character as to require secrecy. information we have t'eceived through 'Unofficial sources from the After eight months of suspense on the part of the people and Christian and intelligent people of Hawaii since the revolution. concealment on the part of the Administration, without any ad- It would have been more satisfactory to me and I think to the ditional light upon the subject, the people were informed that cou:Ptry if the President had been a little more explicit as to the policy of the Harrison Administration and of every Admin how it is proposed to undo the wrong that it is alleged had been istration in this country for the last forty years was to be re done to Hawaii by those representing us and a·s to how the Ad- versed; that the annexation treaty was not again to be sub ministration proposes to proceed to restore the status existing mitted to the Senate; that the provisional government of Hawaii at the time of our alleged forcible intervention. It would have was not to be further recognized as the lawful government; and been rnot·e satisfactory if the President had given to the Senate we are at least led to the inference that the Navy of the United the instructions to our present minister to Hawaii, so that the States is to be employed to roll back civilization in Hawaii· an·d Senate and the country might have known what was proposed to that a corrupt, licentious queen, deposed by the Christian and be done by the Administration in its intervention to restore the civilized residents of the islands, is to be restored to a throne by mona.rchy in Hawaii. I think perhaps the President and my- American bayonets. - · · self, and possibly the Senate and the country, would have disa- The people of this country were profoundly astonished and greed as to what could be constitutionally done by the Executive disa.ppointed. The nations of Europe who have partitioned out of the United St:1.tes intervening to set up and pull down foreign among themselves the islands of the Pacific, and whose grasp governments. has been kept from the Hawaiian group only by the policy of But taking this communication in connection with the report this Government, were perplexed. American and other foraign of the Secretary of State to the Presidet~.t, I think I am warranted interests of the islands were alarmed and jeopardized; the friends in asserting that it appears to confirm the newspaper reports of good government there were discouraged; and if the policy of concernin~ the policy of the present Administration that force the Administration results in restoring the monarchy a great is to be used for the overthrow of the provisional government crime against civilization will have been committed. and for setting up a half-civilized monarchy in Hawaii. Force The people in this country are inquiring as to the cause of this is the only method by which foreign governments can interfere course of the Administration, and there is room for a wide dif- to create or to destroy a government. ference of opinion as to how far it has been caused by a desire of Mr. CULLOM. Has the President the right to exercise it? the present Administration to discredit the action and policy of Mr. DOLPH. The Senator from illinois asks, has th~ Presi- its predecessor. The prompt withdrawalofthetreaty, tbesend dent the right to exercise it? I say that undoubtedly if the ing of a personal representative to Hawaii under secret instruc President had stated what he believed was within his constitu- tions, the secrecy by which the whole proceeding has been con tiona! power in regard to Hawaii there would have been a wide ducted, the colored, one-!:dded report at last promulgated by the difi:erence of opinion as to the proper construction of the Con- Administration, all give color to the idea that the purpose of the stitution between the President and myself and the Senate. Administration was early formed, and that all which has since Mr. President, I think we are warranted from the mes- been done has been done simply for the purpose of preparing for sage of the President in assuming that something more than the announcement of the policy of the Administration. moral suasion is to be used to change the government of Hawaii. It appears as if the Administration had early determined I consiC.er the utterances of the President as most remarkable, against the annexation of the islands .and a provisional govern· 1893.- CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 21.
ment for them, in accordance with that construction of the Con as fully as any other of its territorial possessions. In any convention you may make it is expected that the rights to be acquired by the United States stitution which denies to the Federal Government those powers should be clearly defined. which are necessary for the development of our resources, for Should the sovereignty of these i&lands be transferred to the United States, the extension and protection of our commerce, for the prosperity the present Government would, as a matter· of course, be superseded, or at least be subjected to the Federal authority of this country. of our people, and for assuming among the great powers of the lt is reasonable to anticipate that the present rulers and chiefs wm:tld ex· earth that place which our geographical position, our wealth, pect thet some provision would be made as compensation to them for the and our power entitle us to hold. surrender of their political position. This provision could not be, a-s I con ceive, any other than a. pecuniary allowance. In this respect the Unit,ad Mr. President, there was little room for controversy as to the States would manifest toward them a liberal spirit. Annuities to the amount facts between the officials of the pre~ent Administration and of of $100,000 to be distributed in such manner as they would prefer might be the late Administration. All that was done in this matter prior secured to them in the treaty. to the inauguration of President Cleveland was done in open This policy, it is believed, bas been approved by the people day, and is a matter of history. The revolution was publlc. The of the United States, it has been a.cquiesced in by foreign gov Provisional Government was recognized by the representatives ernments, and it has been foll<1Wed, so far as I know, by every of the great powers of earth at Hawaii either the day or the day Administration from that time to the present. after it was recognized by Mr. Stevens: our minister, and it is It is known that Mr. Gregg negotiated a treaty with the Ha immaterial which. Commissioners were publicly appointed to waiian Government for the annexation of the islands to the come to the United States to negotiate for annexation. They United States, a draft of which was sent to our Government; and came. They mingled with our people. They were interviewed although it contained two provisions-one for the admission of by the reporters of our newspapers. They wera received by the the islands as a State of the Union, and another increasing the Administration. They negotiated a treaty. amount of the annuities to be paid to $300,000-that were not ap Neither Mr. Harrison nor his Secretary of State, a man with proved'by the Administration, it was agreed to by the native large diplomn.tic experience and learned in international law, nor king- and by his advisers, and would have received the royal any member of his Cabinet supposed that the monarchy in 'Ha· signature except for the fact that the. king suddenly died and waii had been overthrown 11your naval forces, that a great wrong Prince Alexa.nder succeeded to the throne. • had been done to that Government, or that in negotiating for the If you will take a map of the Pacific Ocean and examine it, annexation of the islands we were seeking to t..
could properly do would be to withdraw its moral and physic9l ernment to this country could communicate to their Govern support of the Provisional Government, and allow it to stand or ment. There has been no administrative act in the history of fall by itself or to apply to other foreign governments for aid and this country so extraordinary, so censurable, so palpably uncon protection. Forcible interference fol' the purpose of overthrow stitutional.! and so flagrantly in violation of the principles of .in ing the established Government would be so flagrant a violation ternational law as the supposed policy of the Administration . of the principles of international law and of justice that foreign towards the present Government of the Hawaiian Islands. If it governments would be justified in interfering for the preserva is true that force is to be used to suppress the present Govern tion of the existing Government and for the protection of per ment, it is worse than war; it is worse than piracy, as it was sonal and property rights in the islands. designated h.v Hon. John A. Kasson in an interview published Our policy in regard to these islands, maintained for half a in the press, because pirates hoist the black flag and give notice century, is perfectly defensible, and has been and will be ac of their intention to strike. It would more resemble ass:lssina quiesced in by foreign nations· but the United States should not tion. be permitted. to act the dog in the manger. If we will not, when The report of the present Secretary of State to the President there is ample justification and opportunity, interfere to give and the message of the President substantially charges, and the islan5ls good government and for the protection of American that on the report of a personal agent
I ·1893. CONGRESSIONAL REOORD-8E_NATE. 23 the Union, and whose military and commercial importance is not whose trade is extended to those regions: while its nearer approach to this continent and the intercourse which Amerieau vessels ht\Ve with it-such far greater than that of the Sandwich Islands. vessels constituting five-sixths of .all which j;).nnually visit it-could not but Our citizens went to Oregon Territory, which we laid claim create dissatisfaction on the part of the United States at any attempt by to on account of the discovery of Capt. Gray, and settled there. another power, should such.an attempt be threatened or feared, to take pos session of the islands, colonize them, and subvert the native government. We treated with Great Britain foi· the joint occupation of it. Considering, therefore, that the Unlted States possf')ss so ve1·y large a sha..re American citizens raised the American flag, constituted a state, of the intercourse with those islands, it is deemed not unfit to make the dec and formed a provisional government, and we gave the Terri laration that .the:ix Government seeks, nevertheless, no exclusive control over the Hawaiian Government, but is content with its independent e:tist tory a Territorial government long before any effort bad been ence, and anxiously w1shes for its security and prosperity. Its forbearance made to treat with the Indians for the cession of the soil or for in this respect, under the circumstances of the very large intercourse of the extinguishment of their rights. their citizens with the islands, would justify this Government, should events hereafter arise to require it, in making a decided remonstrance ~gainst the The treaty negotiated by President Harrison for the an.nexa adoption of an opposite policy by any other power. tion of the Hawaiian Islands wa~ a treaty of anne.xation only, providing for the political control of them until. Congress r:ould President Taylor, in his mess!lge of December4, 1849, said: act, and leaving the future g.overnment of the ISlands ent1rely The position of the Sandwich Islands with reference to the territory of the United States on the Pacific, the wccess of om· perserving and benevolent to Congress. Statehood was not demanded or expected. If an citize!lB who bave repaired to that remote quarter in Christianizing the na nexation were desirable, there could not have been framed a tives and inducing them to adopt a system of government and laws suited better or a more favorable treaty to the United Statl;}s. Even a to their capacit-y and wants, and th~ use made by our numerous whale ship of the harbors of the islands as places of reso1·t for obtaining refreshment full territorial government would not have been required. and repairs, all combine to render their destiny peculiarly interesting to us. The government of Alaska is a very limited government, and It is our duty to encourage the authorities of these islands in their efforts in my judgrnent in some respects, a very defective one. We to improve and elevatEl the moral and political condition of the inha.bitants; 1 and we should make reasonable a.llowlmces for the diftlculties insep:u-a.ble shall have to provide for Alaska and all territory so situated, fi·om this task We desire that the islands may maintain th~ir independ that it is not likely within any re~onable time to become a ence, and that other nations should concur with us in this -sentiment. St:.tte of the Union, a form of government more simple and less We could in no event be indifferent to their passing under the dominion of any other power. cumb8raome1 reserving to the Federal Government more legis The principal commercial states 'have in thls a common interest, and it is lative and executive power than under the ordinary territorial to be hoped that no one of them will attempt to Interpose obstacles to tbe en government. tire independe-nce of the islands. !I' * * The control and government of Hawaii would have given us President Johnson, in .his message of December 9, 1868, said: no trouble. Our flag would have protected their people from It is known and felt by th~ Hawaiian Government and people that their foreitYn interference; a single company of militia or a naval ves government -and institutions are feeble and precal'ious; that the United sel, ;hich could have been profitably stationed there for other States being so near a neighbor, wo:lld be unwilling to see the islands pas purposes, would have preserved domestic order, and the resources under foreign control. and the ravenues of the islands would have been sufficient to· I will aJso insert, without reading, an extract from a dispatch maint:.tin the local government, to provide for general educ3. from Secretary Blaine, dated November 19, 1881, to our Ameri tion, and,to have contribnted a fajr share to the National Treas can minister at Hawaii: - ury. Bat if negotiations such as you·describa are _really in :Progress- Seventy-one years ago President Monroe, after long and care Negotiations to induce the_Hawaiian Government to withdraw ful deliberation and consultation with his Cabinet, stated in his from the reciprocity treaty with us- annual message the doctrine which has since been known by his you will ask for an interview with the secretary for foreign al!airs and make name concez·ning the interference of European powers with po the following rep1·esentation of the views of the United States: litical affairs on this continent. I shall not encumber the REC The Government of the United Stat~s has with unvarying consistency manifested respect for the Hawaiian Kingdom and an earnest desire for the ORD by reading all that he said on that sutject. A few brief welfare of its people. "' "" * quotations will be sufficient to show the character and extent of The Government of the United States has .always avowed, and now re peats, that under no circumstances will it permit the transfer of the terri the doctrine. tory or sovereignty or these islands to any of the great European powers. It I should say the occasion for the announcement of the Monroe is needless to restate the reasons upon which that determination rests. It doctrine wa-s the proposed intervention by the allied powers of is too obvious for argument that the possession of these islands by a great Europe, France, Austria, Prussia, and Russia, for the purpose of maritime power would not only be a dangerous diminution of the just and necessary :infiuen~ of the United States in the waters of the Pacific, but in restoring the revolted colonies of Spain on this continent to the case of international difficulty it would be a positive threat to interests too control of the mother country. large and important to be lightly risked. * * * President Monroe said; I also submit an extract from another dispatch from Secrehry The political system of the allied v.owers is·essentially different in this re Blaine, dated December 1, 1883: spect from that of America. This difference proceeds from that which exists '.!;'he United States was one of the first among the great nations of the in their respective governments: _And to the defense or our own, which has world to take active interest in upbuilding Hawaiian :independence and the been achie>~d by the loss or -so much blood and treasure, and matured by the creation of political life for its people. It has consistently endeavored, and wisdom of their most enlightf)ned citizens, a.nd Wlder which we have eJ: with success, to enlarge the material prosperity of Hawaii. On such an in joyed unexampled felicity, this whole nation is devoted. We owe it, there dependent basis it proposes to be equally unremitting in its efforts hereaf foi·e, to cando. and to the amicable relations existing between the United ter to maintain and de>elop the advantages which accrued to Hawaii, and States and those powers, to declare that we should consider any attempt on draw closer the ties which imperatively unite her to the great body of the their par_t to extend their system to any -portion of this hemisph.er_e as dan American commonwealth. In thls line of action the United States does its gerous to our peace and safety. siml)le duty both to Hawaii and it.self, and it can not permit such obviouB The reasons for this declaration and the construction which · neglect of national interest as would be involved by silent acquiescence in any movement looking to a lessening of those amenities and the substitu has since been put upon it by ·our Government extends it to the tion of alien and hostile interests. lt firmly believes the position of the Ha island-s of both oceans, which are situated so near to the conti waiian Islands, as a. key to the dominion of the American· Pacific, demands nent as to :Pe of especial nav.al and commercial importanc~. In neutrality, to which end it will earnestly cooperate with the native Govern ment, and if through any cause the maintenance of such position, neutral October, 1824, it was applied to Cuba and Porto Rico. M.l·. Clay, ity, should be found by Hawaii impracticable, this Government would then then Secretary of State, in a dispatch to Mr. Brown, our minis unhe~ltat1ngly meet tlli:l alt-ered situation by seeking avowedly an American ter to France, stated the p :Jsition of the United States concern _solution of the grave issues presented. ing these two islands .as follows: I also submit an extra-ct from a report <>f Mr. Secretary Fish, In the same spirit, and with the hope of guarding beforehand against any accompanying President Grant's message to the Senate of July possible diffi.culties on that subject that may arise, you wm now add that we 14, 1870: could not consent to the occupation -of those islands- It was at the period of the congress of Aix-la-Cbapelle and of La.ybach, That is Cuba and Porto Rico- when the "holy alliance" was combined to arrest all political changes in Europe in the sense of liberty, when they were intervening in Southern En by any other Euro:pean power than Spain JIDder any contingency whatever. t·ope for the reestablishment of absolutism, and when they were meditating Cherishing no des1gns on them ourselves, we have a ta.ir claim to an unre interference to check the progre.>s of free government in America, that Mr. served knowledge of the views of other great maritime powers i.n respect to Monroe, in his annual message of December,1823, declared that the United them. St.ates would consider any attempt to extend the European system to any This doctrine has been frequently applied to the Sandwich portion of this hemisphere as dangerous to our peace and safety. "With the existing colonies or dependencies of any European pow~r." he said, Islands~ u we have not interfered and shall not interfere. But with the governments .President Tyler, in his annual messageof December,1842,Mr. who have declared their independence, and maintained it, and whose :inde Webster being Secretary of State, said concerning the Saird pendence we have on great consideration and on just principles -acknowl edged, we could not view any interposition for the J.>Urpose of oppressing wich Islands: them, or-controlling, in any other mariner, their destmy, by any European Just emerging from a state of barbarism, the g attempt of Great Brirain to exercise dominion in Nicaragua nn~er the cover the inauguration of Mr. Cleveland he withdrew the treaty from of the Mosquito Indians; and it operated in like manner to prevent tJle estab lishment of a European dynasty in Mexico. the Senate and never submitted it again to that body, and our The United States stands solemnly committed by repeated declarations opportunity to secure the construction of that canal, the control 1 a.nd repeated acts to this doctrine. and its application to the affairs of this of it to the United States, and its capitalization at cost was lost. continent. In his message to the two Houses of Congress at the commence ment of the present session, the President, following the teachings of all our I will not dwell upon the causes of the defeat of that treaty or history, said that the existing "dependencies are no longer regarded as sub the great national loss caused thereby. ject to transfer from one European power to another. When the present The project had received the favorable consideration of nearly relation of colonies ceases, they are to become independent powers, exercis ing the right of choice and of self-control in the determination or their fu every Administration for three-quarters of a century. It was a ture conilltion and relations with other powers." project which if carried out would have been immensely bene The policy is not a policy of aggression; but it opposes the creation of Eu ficial to our commerce. It would have accelerated the develop ropean dominion on American soil, or its transfer to other European pow ers and it looks hopefully to the time when, by the voluntary departure of ment of our resources. It would have added to the value of every European governments from this continent and t.he adjacent islands, Amer product of the Pacific coast, and by enabling us to utilize Lake ica shall be wholly American. Nicaragua for a naval station would have doubled the effect It does not contemplate forcible intervention in any legitimate contest; but it protests against permitting such a contest to result in the increase of iveness of our Navy and would have saved its cost to the United European power or influence; and it ever impels this Government, as in the St3.tes in a comparatively brief period by lessening the neces late contest between the South American Republics and Spain, to interpose sary annual expenditures for the Navy. If Mr. Cleveland had its good offices to secure an honorable peace. favored that treaty it would have been ratified, and to-day the I also submit an extract from a dispatch of Mr. Bayard, Secre canal might have been in successful operation, dispensing its tary of State, dated July 12, 1887, on the subject of the Hawaiian blessings to the people of this country and to the world. Islands. It is a dispatch to our minister at Hawaii. - If that canal should be built by private parties it would be at Whilst we abstain from interference with the domestic atlairs of Hawaii, in a ruinous cost. It would necessarily be capitalized for several accordance with the policy and practice of this Government, yet obstruction to the channels of legitimate commerce under existing treaty must not be times its cost, and the tolls and charges would bo so great as to allowed, and America}\ citizens in Hawaii must be protected in their persons largely offset the advantage of the shorter routo for commerce. and property by the representatives of their country's law and power, and Work has been suspended on the canal, and it is more than prob no internal discord must be &ufiered to impair them. Your own aid and counsel, as well as the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, able that the present company may be compelled to surrender if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign its concessions to Nicaragua, and_a way may be opened for the of law and raspect !or orderly government in Hawaii. · Unit-ed States to secure the right to construct and control the ·As is well known. no intent is cherished or policy entertained by the United States which is otherwise th'an friendly to the autonomical control and inde canal, but under the do-nothing policy of this Administration pendence of Hawaii, and no other member of the family of nations has so the opportunity would no doubt be lost. great and immediate an interest in the welfare and prosperity of Hawaii on We need an aggressive foreign policy. We need a reaffirma such a basis as this Republic. tion of the Monroe doctrine as it is popularly understood ap In regard to the Hawaiian Islands the policy of the United States plied not only to the continent of America but to tho.se islands has not only been that the sovereignty of the islands should not which are situated so near our coast as to be of great commer pass t.o any foreign country, but if the islands were to form a po cial and naval importance. We need an aggressive policy for - litical connection with any foreign country it should be with us. the purpose of extending and protecting our commerce, and se While we have not been willing to force annexation or hasten curing closer relations with South American republics-a policy ' the evident coming of the time when Hawaii would apply to the which, if necessity requires, extends and is enforced beyond our Unit~d States for political connection, as evidenced by the dis own boundaries, a policy, in f~ct, which goes with our citizens pat.ch which I read from Secretary Marcy to Mr. Gregg, of April and with our flag wherever they may lawfully go, and a policy 4, 1854, the eventual annexation of the islands has been looked which would give us a commanding position among the great forward to. It has become more and more evident that with the powers of the world commensurate with our geographical situa decreasing native population of the islands and the increase of tion and our wealth and power. the naturalized citizens and white residents of the islands, the The question of the future control of the Sandwich Islands is increase of wealth, the multiplication of industries, in a word, a question of national importance, affecting our national safety, with the growth of civilization in the . islands, the time would the interest of our commerce, the requirements of our Navy, come when the progressive, civilized, property-holding inhabi the protection of American citizens; but the Pacific coast, on hnts of the islands would be no longer content to be governed account of its geographical position, has an especial interest in it. by a native monarchy, and every one has had a right to believe With a seacoast line of over 1,600 miles, not including Alaska, that while our Government would not hasten revolution in the with one of the greatest inland seas upon the face of the globe, islands, it would not ba the h st to recognize revolution accom with a fruitful soil and varied__ climate, with vast and valuable plished: and would not, when it could honorably do so, refuse to forests, with mines of precious and useful metals, with great re accapt the sovereignty of the islands. sources as yet almost altogether undeveloped, situated nearer The revolution in Hawaii, in myjudgment, was brought about the markets of the OrieiJ.t and of the islands of the Pacific by by causes which had been in operation for many years. It was 3,000 miles than the Atlantic and the Gulf coast, our foreign and the n::ttural result of that law by which, whenever civilization coastwise commerce, when our great resources shall be devel and b.ub9.rism come in conflict, civilization prevails. Every oped, will be scarcely less important than that of the Atlantic. step toward civilization in the islands has been brought about by In contending for the trade of the trans-Pacific countries we Christian missionaries and by the influence of foreign residents must contend with those European countries which have parti of the islands; and the civilization of the islands to day is mainly tioned out among themselves the islands of the Pacific, which will represented by the papulation of foreign birth. Ever since the control their harbors and their commerce, and especially with islands were discovered by Capt. Cook, in 1798, the native popu Great Britain, which has for the purpose of controlling the com htion, owing to their dissipated habits, have been constl.ntly de merce of the Pacific constructed at an estimated cost of $142,000,- creasing, and to-day it is less than the foreign population of the 000 the intet:colonial railroad connecting the maritime provinces islands. It is unfit for self-government, and the forcible subjec of the Canadian Dominion with Halifax and Quebec, and has con-_ tion of the personal and property rights of the intelligent and structed the Canadian Pacific to connect Quebec and Haliiax progressive people of Hawaii to a native Government would be a with Puget Sound, and is, in connection with the Dominion Gov great outrage. ernment, by subsidies maintaining a British steamship line be The course of civiliz:ttion in Hawaii has been but a repetition tween the terminus of the Canadian Pacific on Puget Sound and or the course. of civilization in this country.- Civilization, im Australia and the coasts of China und Japan. pelled by a natural law ever since the first settlement on the In contending for our fair share of this commerce we shall Atlantic coast, has gradually spread westward, and savage life have for all time to contend with that system of subsidies, of aid has disappeared before it until a continent once occupied only to their foreign commerce, maintained by Great Britain and by wandering tribes of Indians, engaged in perpetual warfare, ot~r foreign nations. _ A wise statesmanship will ende::!.vor to has become the home of 67,000,000industrious, civilized people. forecast the situation, to make provision by law to so far as pos While we may not approve of some of the methods by which sible place American commerce on an equality with the com this transformation has been wrought, we must accept it as in merce of foreign countries. evitable and a.s having hken place in accordance with an impera- The tide of immigration and civilization is still westward, im tive law of the world's progress. · pelled by a law as imperative as the laws of nature. It has swept Mr. President, this is not the first time the people have been across the continent, leaving along its course on mountain and . disappointed by the foreign policy of Mr. Cleveland-a snail in valley, on hillside and upon plain, great cities _and to.wns and. like p)licy, a policy that confines a nation within its own bound a civilized population, and will find its culminatmg pornt upon aries. When Mr. Cleveland was inaugurated on the 4th of the shores of the Pacific. March, 1885, there was pending a treaty between the United The people of the Pacific coast in all that makes a people States and Nicaragu!1 by which the United States was granted great and prosperous are the equals of theit· kindred of the East. the right to construct, operate, and control a ship canalfrom the In the disposition of all graat questions affecting our future Atlantic to the Pacific across t.he territoryof Nicaragua. Upon p~osperlty, and especially the extension and protection of our 1893. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE~ 25 commerce, the Pacific coast, on account of its geographical po best of reasons. It was the lottery bribe and the autocratic design of the Queen that quickly precipitated events. sition, its present condWon and necessities, and its future devel A mass meeting of the citizens was called to meet on Monday, the 16th, at opment, should receive fair consideration. 2 p. m., which assembled in the largest hall in the city. Short as was the Mr. President, I take issue with the President that the report notice, over 1,300of theprincipalcitizensof Honolulu and from other islands, who happened to be in the city, were in attendance. This meeting included of his personal representative, Mr. Blount, shows beyond ques merchants, bankers, professional men, the principal business men, and the tion, or at all, that the revolution in Hawaii was brought about mechanics, the chief German and some of the leading EngUsh merchants by the interference of the Ainerican minister or by the inter and other nationalities, as well as American residents. It is said such an assemblage was never before equaled in Honolulu. Intelligent American ference of our naval forces. I have read Mr. Blount's report and visitors here say that such a public meeting would do credit to a meeting ot the evidence accompanying it, and I have read Minister Stevens's a similar class of cit.;izens in our best American cities. · report and his statement and the other information which could The assemblage was a unit in feeling and purpose. The speeches and res olutions are on the printed slips I herewith inclose. This remarkable up be derived from the press. The report of Mr. Blount reads more rising of the best citizens, inclucling nearly all of the chief pronerty holders, like the plea of a zealous lawyer for his side of a controversy the Tahitian marshal and palace favorite did not dare attempt to suppress. than like the unprejudiced and impartial decision of a judge. A committee of public safety was at once created to meet the emergency and to prevent anarchy and riot. It was fortunate that the Boston was in As for myself, I would sooner take the statement of Mr. Ste the harbor. The committee on public safety called on me for aid. I vens, a man who has reached his seventy-third year and has promptly addressed to the commander or the Boston, Capt. G. S. Wiltse, the served twelve years in honorable foreign positions under this following note: ' . UNITED STATES LEGATION, Government, a man of standing and intelligence; I would sooner Honolutu, January 16, 18!J3. take the statement of Mr. Thurston, the representative of the Sm: In view of the existing critical circumstances in Honolulu, includ~ Hawaiian Government here; I would sooner tal!'e the statement ing an inadequawlegalforce, I request you to land marines an 1 sailors !rom of the honorable men who were engaged in the revolution and the ship under your command for the protection of the United States lega tion and United States consulate and to secure the safety of American lite know not only what was done, but what the intention of the and property. parties was; I would sooner take the testimony that comes to us Very truly yours, from the enlightened and Christian portion of the community JOHN L. STEVENS, in Hawaii-, than to take the one-sided, colored report of Mr. Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of the United States. Blount and the statement of the President in regard to affairs A copy of the call of the committee of public safety for aid is inclosed. Promptly the men from the ~Boston were lanlled. Detachments were in Hawaii. I would prefer the statement of our minister and of placed around the legation and the consulate, the principal members having these respectable men to that of all the admirers of the dissolute marched to a central hall for shelter and headquarters; the night being at queen and of all the parasites who lived and thrived upon the na hand, the public anxiety being especially strong as to what might be done by irresponsible persons in the night, the landing of the men of the Boston tive government. so promptly gave immediate relief to the public anxiety. I will state what I consider to be the true case in regard to Hawaii by submitting first to be incorporated in my remarks THE PROVISIONAL GOVERNMENT. As soon as practicable a provisional government was constituted, com the dispatch of Minister Stevens of January 18,1893, to the Sec posed of four highly respectable men, with Judge Dole at the head, he retary of State, being his official report: having resigned his ;place on the supreme bench to assume this responsi bility. He was born m Honolulu of American parentage, educated here and LEGATION OF THE UNITED STATES, in the United States, and is of the highest reputation among all citizens, Honolulu, B. I., January 18, 1893. both natives and whites. P. C. Jones is a native of Boston, Mass., wealthy, (Via San Francisco, January 28. Received January 28.) possessing property interests in the islands, and a resident here for many Events in Hawaii in the past ·few days have moved rapidly. An entire years. The other two members are of the highest respectability. The com overthrow of the Hawaiian monarchy and the establishment of a provisional mittee of public safety-forthwith took possession or the government build government in the interest of the whole people of the islands without the sac ings, archives, and treasury, and installed the provisional government at the rifice of a single life. The new government is in full possession of the is heads of the respective departments. This being an accomplished fact, I lands and was promptly recognized by all the diplomatic representatives. promptly recognized the provisional government as the de facto govern The four men of whom it is composed are of high character, one of whom re ment of the Hawaiianislands. The English minister, the Portuguese charg6 signed his position as one of the supreme judges to assume the place. Full d'aJtaires, theFrench and the Japanese commissioners promptly did the dispatches by the mail leaving Honolulu to-day by special steamer. same; these, with myself, being the only members of the diplomatic corps STEVENS, United States Minister. residing there. . . UNITED STATES LEGATION. All is quiet here now. Without the sacrifice of a single life this change of Honolulu, January 18, 1893. (Received February 3.) government has been accompUshed. Language can hardly express the en~ Sm: In my 73 of Npvember 8 I gave full information of the surrender of thusiasm and the profound feeling of relief at this peaceful and salutary the Queen to the wishes or the Legislature by the formation of a ministry change of government. The underlying cause of this profound feeling among composed of men of intelligence and wealth, possessing the entire confidence the citizens is the hope that the United States Government wtil allow these of the business men and the more responsible citizens of the country. But islands to pass to American control and become American soil. A commis this surrender of the Queen and of those surrounding her was only seeming. sion ot citizens, duly accredited, will go by the st-eamer th3t takes this dis As soon as the principal appropriations had been voted and the legislative patch to Washington to state the wishes of the proVisional government and work nearly concluded, several of the best members having already left for of the responsible people of the islands and to give a complete account of their homes, a remarkable conspiracy was revealed. the existing state of things here. The undersigned, for the first time since he has been at the head of this It is proper that I should add that the presence of the Boston. here has legation, January 4 took passage for Hilo and the volcano on the United been of the highest importance and the behavior 6f officers and men has been States Steamer Boston for the benefit of the health of himself and of his admirable. Capt. Wiltse has exercised prudence and great firmness, while daughter, it being also desirable that the town of the second importance in he and the undersigned have reco~ed only accomplished facts and have the islands should have this attention at the time the Boston was making a not allowed the use of the United States force for any but the most conserv Visit to Hawaii, the chief island in the group. Beyond all doubt, immedi ative reasons. ately after the Boston and myself had left Honolulu the unscrupulous adven I am, sir, turers around the Queen improved the opportunity to push through the Leg JOHN L. STEVENS. islature an astounding lottery franchise with the obvious intent to sell it out to the Louisiana lottery men. This was worked by sume of the same parties I submit also a subsequent statement made by Mr. Stevens and supposed to be of the powerful opium ring whose four points of operation recently published in the press: are Vancouver, San Francisco, Honolulu, andHongkong. They dis:ributed the lottery stock among the native members of the Legislature in large fig [Washington Post, November 30.] ures. BLOUNT GIVEN THE LIE-EX-MINISTER STEVE~S SHARPLY CRITICI SES HIS Notwithstanding the strong opposition of all the best people of the is REPORT--HIS STATEMENTS FLATLY DENIED--THE COMMIS S IO!'I~R CHARAc lands, including whites and natives, and the emphatic opposition or the TERIZED AS A DIPLOMATIC- NEOPHYTE CAUGHT IN THE SNARES L.llD FOR chamber of commerce, the Queen and her palace favorite gave their warm HIM ·BY LILIUOKALANI'S ADVISERS-HE AND SECRETARY GRESHAM AC est support to the lottery bill and signed it at once. She was to be immedi CUSED OF PLAYING INTO BRITISH HANDS-SOME OBSERVATIONS ABOUT ately compensated by being allowed to proclaim a new constitution, restor THE MEN AT HONOLULU. ing to the Crown the old despotic prerogatives in direct violation of the ex A"C'GUSTA, ME. , November 29. isting constitution, which provides for the only mode of change, which is Ex-Minister Stevens has given out the following as his reply to ~he posi by the action of successive legislatures. tion of Commissioner Blount on Hawaiian affairs: Returning on the Boston from our Hilo trip on the 14th instant, we found ''A deep sense of obli1;ation to my country and an American's duty to de the Legislature was to be prorogued at 12 a.m., one-halt hour after my ar fend an insulted, threatened, and struggling American colony, planted as rival at the legation. The prorogation completed, members of the Legisla righteously and firmly on the North Pacific isles as our Pilgrim F athers ture, diplomatic corps, judges of the supreme court and other otllcials went established themselves on P lymouth Rock, demand that I shall make an to the palace by invitation. In the mean time it began to be known in pub answer w the astounding misrepresentations and untruths of Commissioner lic circles, that it was t he Queen's intention to proclaim the revolutionary Blount's report on Hawaiian affaira, a copy of which I first obtained, with constitution. This resulted in raising an excitement which alarmed her difilculty, Saturday evening, November 25. confidants and caused some of them to draw back. This consumed time, "It is proper for me to preface my answer by briefly alluding to the fact so that she could not secure the signatures of her new cabinet as she had that those familiar with international rules and proceedings and who have expected. In the mean time the diplomatic corps grew weary and left the had diplomatic experience must be astonished that Secretary Gresham and palace, realizing that the invitation te be present was a trick. his commissioner should make before the world such a per sistent effort to discredit the recent agents of the department they now represent. and which THE QUEEN'S DETERMINATION. was once represented by Thomas Jefferson, William L. Marcy, William H. As I had just returned, weary from my voyage, I had not received the in Seward, and James G. Blaine. The general adoption of such a policy by our vitation, the chamberlain knowing I was absent when he invited the Eng department of foreign affairs could not fail to weaken greatly our influence lish, Portuguese, French, and Japanese diplomatic representatives the day with foreign.countries in any: future effo!'t and serve to makP, the American before. In the short meanwhile I had suspicioned the t_rick. Finally, the diplomatic service contemptible in the eyes of t~e world. Queen appeared in the throne room, before the supreme judges and other ofllciais, in an extreme passion of anger, an:l avowe1 her purpose to post PLAYING INTO BRITISH ~'TIS. pone her revolutionary constitution for a brief period, and then went upon "Not only is the comse of Gresham and Blount extremely un-American in the balcony and spoke with great passion in the same strain to those around its spirit, but it is also in direct opposition to the civilizing and Christian the palace, principally her retainers a.nd the royal guard, her determination izing influence on the Hawaiian Islands, while it is playing into British to proclaim her constitution at another time. What I have described as to ha.nd ~. in direct opposition of the efforts of the American Board of M~sions; the lottery legislation, the forcing out ·or the responsible cabinet of Novem and to the American Government for more t han sixty years, 1n all of which ber 8, and appointing the lottery cabinet, two of whom had been voted out period there has been a uniform, continuous, and patriotic American policy. of the mfnistry during the legislative session by a two-thirds vote for the I may also make a preliminary remark regarding the repeatedly asserted 26 CONGRESSIONAL REOORD--SENATE. - D ECE1\IBER 5, opinion of those who have assailed my oillcial actio:!lthatlwas prepared for I?Ublic anxiety as to the suffrage agitation and as to what use the fallen and stimulated to it by the accomplished and thoroughly American .states Queen's supporters might make or it. Every step of my action was duly r e man who occupied the Department of Sta.w most of the period of PI·esident ported to the Department of St-ate prior -to Blount's having any knowledge Harrison's Administration. It is sufficient to say that this expressed sur on the subject. His claim to have put an end to Hawaiian anxiety about mise is utterly without foundation. What I know and state on this point rumored Japanese encroachment is as purely assumptive as his expression accords with w-hat ex-Secretary Tracy has e-vidently asserted in that regard. to me at my house that to him the Harri.>on Administration was indebted Still more, I may properly add that the Jines of official duty, as followed by for the strong Democratic support which was ,p-ven it in the threatened war myself and Capt. Wiltse. and the course of the Administrat.ion and of "the with Chile, and that Senator Morgan, now charrman of the Senate Commit Semtte Committee on Foreign Relations in the critical Ha wa.iian days of tee of Foreign Alfairs, could not aid much in the same direction and is not January and February last were exactly on the lines marked out by Secre a level-headed.man. tary Marcy in 18M, and by Secretary Bayard in.his dispatch to Minister Mer COl!MITT.EE OF SAFETY. rill July 12, 1887. Marcy's instructions and draft of treaty provided for an "In Mr. Blount's report, as given to the press, I find the following Ian nexation; Bayard's instructions o11887 neld the United States minister and gage: 'The two leading members of the committee, Messrs. Thurston and naval commander at Honolulu responsible for the protection of American Smith, growing uneasy as to the safety of their persons, went to Minister life and property and the 'preservation of public order.' Stevens to know if he would protect them in the event of their a(rest by the A ·DIPLOMATIC ~\EOPEYTE. authorities, to which he gave his assent.' It is enough to say tllat there is "So.much !l.S1l. -necessary introduction to my consideration of the Blount not a semblance ot truth in this assertion of Blount, made by him without report. ~otwishing to be severe on a neophyte in diplomacy, with but lit his ever having hinted it to me ox made ..any inquiry of me on the subject. tle knowledge of the-world's affairs outside of his own country, sent on a He thus gives the signature of his indorsement to a charge which I never very peculiar errand amid currents and "Q.uicksands entirely unknown to even heard of until I fo~d it in -Blount's -printed report. him, he has been partly the victimofcircumstances, having been caught in LANDING THE FORCES. the meshes-and snares adroitly prepared for him by the cunning advisers of "Re says the response to the call of tbe committee of safety to land the the fallen Liliuokalani. and by the shrewd, sharp, long-experienced British men of the Boston 'does not appear in the files of the legation.' The mean diplomatic agent, whose aims and hopes Blount has served so well, and with ing of this msinuatiion is obvious. Enough to say there never was an.,- such out the least suspicion that he was aiding ultra.-Brltish interests, even more document. I received the intitation of the committee of safety for what it than be was helping .the Hawaiian mona.rc~sts and the justly dethroned was worth, as I received other information on the same subject. I sh•>uld Queen. It is clear enough from Blount's mlillller on the day of his arri-val have requested Capt. Wiltse to have landed his force had not the committee at Honolulu, as well as by his letter to the Department or State, written of safety requested it. shortly after, that he designed. a.t whatever cost, to repudiatel:he views and .. It is well to state here that this landing or American forces in Honolulu action of the recently terminated Administration, and that in t>rder to do so had repeatedly taken placa in -a period running over many years. The ele he must impugn the action of Minister St-evens and of the commander of the ments and forces of Hawaii in play in 1887, 1889, and in 1~3, were and are es United States ship Boston. sentially the _same, the breadth and strength of the prevailing elements and 1IIIDER_ROYAL ESPIONAGE. forces in 1893 being more decisive than in the former periods. Those who as e1't to the contrary arc not honest, else they do not understand what they -"A total stranger, it was impossible for Mr. Blount to know how unfitting have written about. it was for him to take up his quarters where he was certain to be surrounded ".Blount squarely asserts that I promised t<> aid the comn1ittee of safety by royalists, and where thesuppm:ters of the P.rovisional Government would by force. This is emphatically and categorically untrue. be reluctant to go. The hotel was kept byonewhoha.dserved asKalakaua's "The best answer to the baseless charge that I promised to use force chamberlain, who was one of the principal pe-rsons in a~yndicate that had against the Queen is the order of Capt. Wiltse to his officers and men, ' to cheated the Hawaiian Govermnentout of nearly $100,000, a transaction which remain passive, • and.that no force was used, though the Queen) through her Minister Merrill had o.fflcially repo.rted to .Secretary Bayard, and this man ministers, strongly requested it .hours before the P1·ovisional Government was the leading .member of a firm that sought to do its chief business with England, a thoroughly1Ulprincipled :.o:pponent of the Provisional Govern ~~5,ecognized by me and ~1 the other diplomatic representatives inliono- ment and of American predominance ln. "the islands. He empioyed as his Mr. Stevens says that he knew nothing or the import of the meeting of active assistant in managing the hotel -a highly educated Englishman, of the committee of safety on January 16 at Henry Waterhouse's home, ad disreputable character, -who had written ln. the Hawaiian British newspa per, under anonymous signatnrrl, articles abusive of the United States and joining his own, until he read of it in Blount's report. grossly falsifying our Government's treatment of the Indians. KEPT lliMSELF INFORMED. "Residing at that hotel, Mr. Blount was under the constant espionage of ''It is proper for me to say here," adds Mr. Steven-s, "that for three years the palace adventurers. .As a precn.utiona.ry safeguard against thus shutting prior to the Queen's coup d'etat and fall, I had kept myself as thoroughly in· out the Americans!rom ready access to Commissioner Blount a. wealthy and formed as po sible as to the views, plans, and purposes of the severa.l.fac highly respectable widow lady of the American tolony was ready to grant tion ·and parties that contended ror control in .Hawaiian political afi'airs. the use of ner nouse to Mr. and Mrs. Blount; the commissioner to pay the This necessarily compelled me to hold conversations with the best informed same amountlt would cost him t<> Jive-at the ~:oyalist hotel. This private persons of the reform party, the Queen's party, and with the Wilcox and house was situated near the United States legation, in the quarter of the native Hawaiian .Party, whose organized efforts for months was to induce city where annexationists and royalists could have unobstructe . 1893. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 27 1 fst, with some amiable qualities, who aided in bribing the legislative mem question concerning the same, nor given me opportunity to make any state ber.s to vote out the Jones-Wilcox ministry and to pass the lottery bill. Pe ment. although I have at all times been ready and willing to do so. The ~ terson is the man Who aided in the distribution of the lottery stock for the same is true of a large number of other men who took a leading part in the purchase of legislative vote, and held the Queen's authority to constitute a movement of January last. lottery cabinet, and to aid the Queen to proclaim a reactionary constitution. In the second place, his evidence CtEISists exclusively of prepa.red a:mda vits "As to Samuel Parkez, whose testimony is used to discredit my action, I or answers to leading questions put by himself, at private interviews, no would gladly say little. Mostly of native Hawaiian stock, he has a small one else being present but the stenographer. In no instance has there been traction of Anglo-Saxon blood. His word and his note are of little value any cross-examination of witnesses, opportunity given t.o -contradict or ex among the bankeTs and business men of Honolulu. For years trying to :glay plain evidence given, or present other evidence. politics and to be the Queen's minister, for which service he is without ca pacity, he has competed with Wilson for the control and the favors of there !li""UM:EROlJS INCORRECT STATEMEN:tS. cent immOral occupant of the palace." A brief exa.min.a tion of the pubU shed portions of the report shows numer Dr. Tronse, J. A. Cummins Hopkins. and W. T. Seward are also sharply ous incorrect sta t-ements. I shall endeavor for the present, however , to an criticised, and Mr. Stevens continu~s thus: · swer the more salient point s only. "Regardingthe Gov. Gleghorn, whose protest Blount speaks of r elative First. Mr. Blourrt charges that the American troops were landed under a to landing the men of ·the Boston, little need be said. Under the monarchy, pr earranged agreement with the committee of safety that they should so prior to the adoption of the constitution of 1837. the Hawaiian governor land and assist in the oveJ.1:hro:w of the Queen. In reply thereto, I hereby had some importance. The office was abolished by that constitution. The state that at no time did Mr. Ste>ens or Capt Wiltse assure me or the com· legislature of 18JO restored the office as an h I replied, "How do we know that she W1ll not take it up again as she said TBE COMMITTEE OF SAFETY WERE UNITED. she wouldr" In support of the fourth proposition, that the committee and their sup He said "I will guarantee that she will not, even if I have to lock her up porters were united, had ample force to execute their purp..>se, and proceed in a roord to keep her from doing it, and I'll do it, too, if necessary." with deliberation and contl.dence to do so, I submit the following: An essen I replied "We are not willing to accept that guarantee as sutncient. This tial factor in judging whether the force or the committee was su6lcient, and thing has gone on from bad to worse until we are not going to stand it any their confidence in themselves well founded, is to know what the same men longer. We are going to take no chances in the matter, but settle it now, under similar conditions have done upon•previous occasions. !fortunately once and for all." there is no dispute as to the facts concerning two recent incidents in Ha Wilson then left the olllce. He has since stated that he immediately re waiian history, in which the same parties who were brought into con ported to the cabinet and advised arresting the committee, but the cabinet flict in January, 1893, were anayed against each other under similar cir- weri afraid and refused to allow it. cumstances. - At 2 o'clock on the afternoon of Monday, the 16th, a meeting of 8,000 un 1. In 1887 the King, by a manipulation or the electoratt3 and the legislature, armed men was held within a block of the palace. The meeting was ad had encroached upon popular rights and obtained autocratic power over the dressed by .a number of speakers, all denouncing the Queen. 'l'he meeting people. In this course he was supported by practically the same persons with tremendous cheering and enthusiasm, unanimously adopted resolu who in January last, and now, constitute the Royalist party in Hawaii. The tions declaring the Queen to be in revolution and authorizing the commit· open bribery, con•uption, and debauchery of the King and his supporters tee to proceed to do whatever was necessary. The police was present, but crystallized the opposit-ion thereto into an organization of practically the no attempt was made to interfere with the meeting or make any arrests. same men who organized and now constitute the provisional government. The meeting adjourned amid the most intense excitement. and the citi· Such organization was formed with theopenlyavowedintention of wresting zens disiJersed throughout the town, awaiting the further call of the com- from the King hi.s powers or dethroning him. In preparation or the expected mittee. . movement, the King fortified the palace; loopholed its basement for sharp While the meeting was in progress another meeting was bemg held by the shooters; erected sand-bag breastworks at the entrance of the building; royalists in the street, within a block of the armory, which adopted resolu- mounted cannon and Gatling guns at all the approaches thereto; largely in tions in support or the Queen. . creased his regular military force, and defied the organization and _public opinion. MR. BLOUNT GROSSLY INACCURATE. The leaders of the revolutionary movement proceeded deliberately to col Never in the history of Hawaii has there been such a tense condition of lect such arms as were available and organized their plans. An executive mind or a more imminent expectation of bloodshed and conflict than there committee of thirteen was appointed, who took entire control of the move was immediately after the adjournment of those two radically opposed ment and called a mass meeting in the same building used for that purpose meetings. Mr. Blount's statement that the community was at peace and in January last. quiet was grossly inaccurate. · The King attempted to head otr the meeting by sending a letter to it prom It was at this juncture, two hours after the adjournment of the above ising certain reforms. The letter had no etrect. Resolutions were adopted meeting that Capt. Wiltse and Mr. Stevens, acting upon their own respon 'denouncing the King and demanding the granting or a. new constitution de sibllities and