77 th Annual Meeting

SOCIETY FOR MILITARY HISTORY

CausesCauses Lost Lost & Won May 20-23, 2010

HostedHosted by by VirginiaVirginia Military Military Institute Institute and and GeorgeGeorge C. C. Marshall Marshall Foundation Foundation On behalf of Virginia Military Institute and the George C. Marshall Foundation we welcome you to Lexington for the 77th Annual Meeting of the Society for Military History. We are pleased to host the event this year. WELCOME The Society is important to both our organizations, both of which are deeply rooted in history wedded to the ex- traordinary work of the Society. The Journal of Military History is published by the Society for Military History, the Virginia Military Institute, and the Marshall Founda- tion. All three organizations share a deep connection with George C. Marshall. He graduated from VMI in 1901 as First Captain of the Corps of Cadets; the Marshall Foun- dation preserves and promotes his legacy, and the Society for Military History sponsors the annual George C. Marshall Lecture.

We encourage you to walk through the VMI Post and to explore the charm of historic Lexington during your visit. A college town that’s probably similar to many of your own, Lexington enjoys a proud legacy associated with George Washington, Stonewall Jackson, and Robert E. Lee, extraordinary leaders of their day as well. Please enjoy yourself while you are here. We look forward to meeting you and to spending the next few days together.

General J.H. Binford Peay III Brian D. Shaw U.S. Army (Retired) President Superintendent, George C. Marshall Foundation Virginia Military Institute Society for Military History 77 th Annual Meeting Causes Lost & Won May 20-23, 2010 Lexington, Virginia

table of contents SMH Officers ...... 2 SMHTrustees ...... 2 Journal of Military History ...... 3 Meeting Committees ...... 4 KeynoteSpeaker ...... 5 Special anks ...... 6 Field Trips ...... 6 Map of VMI Post ...... 7 Shuttle Bus Schedule ...... 8 MapofLexington ...... 8 List of Restaurants ...... 9 Meeting Schedule ...... 10 PanelSchedule...... 12 Sessions & Panels ...... 14 List of Exhibitors ...... 44 HallofValor ...... 44 MapofExhibitHall ...... 45 Advertisements ...... 46 Call for Papers 2011 ...... 60 THE SOCIETY FOR MILITARY HISTORY Officers President ...... BrianM.Linn Vice President ...... Joseph T. Glatthaar ExecutiveDirector ...... RobertH.Berlin Treasurer ...... GrahamA.Cosmas Journal Editor ...... Bruce Vandervort Recording Secretary and Photographer ...... omas Morgan Webmaster and Newsletter Editor ...... Kurt Hackemer Archivist ...... PaulA.omsen

Board of Trustees Terms Expiring in 2011 Terms Expiring in 2013 John F. Guilmartin, Jr. Tami Biddle Reina Pennington Sebastian Cox Brian Holden Reid Kelly DeVries Jennifer Speelman David W. Hogan James Willbanks Gregory Urwin Mitchell Yockelson Kathleen Broome Williams

Regional Coordinators REGION I: EUROPE, AFRICA, ...... DavidIanHall MIDDLE EAST REGION II: EASTERN CANADA, ...... SamuelWatson NEW YORK AND NEW ENGLAND REGION III: MID-ATLANTIC ...... Randy Papadopoulos REGION IV: SOUTH ...... Dr. Frederick C. Schneid REGION V: MIDWEST ...... Dr.DavidFitzpatrick REGION VI: GREAT PLAINS ...... JosephFitzharris REGION VII: SOUTHWEST ...... SusannahUral REGION VIII: PACIFIC COAST ...... ToBeFilled REGION IX: PACIFIC ...... Brian Farrell (Asia, Australia)

2 JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY

The Journal of Military History, the quarterly journal of the Society for Military History is published by the George C. Marshall Foundation and Virginia Military Institute. It has included scholarly articles on the military history of all eras and geographical areas since 1937. The Journal is fully refereed. It publishes articles, book reviews, a list of recent articles dealing with military history published by other journals, an annual list of doctoral dissertations in military history, and an annual index.

Editorial Staff Editor ...... BruceVandervort Managing Editor ...... James R. Arnold Managing Editor ...... Roberta Wiener AssistantEditor ...... AnneS.Wells Assistant Editor ...... Blair P. Turner Office Manager ...... Wendy Vandervort

Editorial Advisory Board Timothy Nenninger, Chair William T. Allison Susannah Ural John Sebastian Cox John P. Dunn Stephen M. Miller Spencer C. Tucker Janet G. Valentine Mark K. Wells

3 MEETING COMMITTEES PROgRAm COmmiTTEE Gregory J. W. Urwin, Committee Chair Timothy Dowling, Program Coordinator Ricardo A. Herrera Michael V. Leggiere Sarah C. Melville Malcolm “Kip” Muir David Silbey Heather Marie Stur Ingo Trauschweizer

AwARdS COmmiTTEE Ethan Rafuse, Chair George Satterfield Adrian Lewis Rob Citino Pete Kindsvatter

COffmAn AwARd COmmiTTEE Roger Spiller Jerry Cooper Jennie Kiesling wEiglEy & ABC-CliO AwARdS COmmiTTEE Katherine K. Reist George Rable Frank J. Wetta

4 KEYNOTE ADDRESS Thomas E. Ricks Senior fellow, Center for New American Security Contributing editor, Foreign Policy magazine Special military correspondent, The Washington Post Author, Fiasco and The Gamble, about Iraq

Thomas Ricks is the author of Fiasco: The American Military Adventure in Iraq, 2003-05, which was a No. 1 New York Times bestseller and a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize in 2007. His second book on that war, The Gamble: General Petraeus and the American Military Adventure in Iraq, 2006-08, was published in February 2009, and became a New York Times bestseller. He wrote Making the Corps, which won the Washington Monthly's “Political Book of the Year” award. In addition to his newspaper work, he has written on defense matters for the Atlantic Monthly and other publications. His first novel, A Soldier's Duty, about the U.S. military intervening in Afghanistan, was published by Random House in June 2001—some four months before the U.S. actually did intervene there.

He covered the U.S. military for the Washington Post from 2000 through 2008. (Until the end of 1999 he had the same beat at the Wall Street Journal, where he was a reporter for 17 years.) He has reported on U.S. military activities in Somalia, Haiti, Korea, Bosnia, Kosovo, Macedonia, Kuwait, Turkey, Afghanistan and Iraq. In January 2009 he joined the Center for a New American Security, where he serves as a coun- selor and is researching the history of American officership, in particular the Ameri- can idea of what a general should do and be. He became a contributing editor for Foreign Policy magazine, for which he writes a blog called “The Best Defense.”

Born in Massachusetts in 1955, he grew up in New York and Afghanistan and grad- uated magna cum laude from Yale in 1977. He now lives in Silver Spring, Maryland, with his wife. For recreation he enjoys whitewater kayaking, downhill skiing and reading military history. He is a member of the Inter-University Seminar on Armed Forces and Society, the Society for Military History, and the International Institute for Strategic Studies.

5 SPECIAL THANKS

Virginia Military Institute VMI Center for Leadership and Ethics George C. Marshall Foundation Hunter Defense Technologies Lexington and Rockbridge Visitor Center New Market Battlefield State Historical Park The National D-Day Memorial Foundation

FIELD TRIPS field Trip to the national d-day memorial, Bedford, Virginia friday, may 21st, 1:30–5:30 pm The lessons and legacy of D-Day are remembered and preserved at the National D- Day Memorial. This is a place where visitors discover and recognize the worthy service of those who answer duty’s call and a place where gravity and dignity are hallmarks. Led by Col. William A. McIntosh, D-Day Memorial Foundation presi- dent, this personal tour will include one hour at the memorial site and one hour to walk around the grounds and gift shop.

Staff Ride: Executive director’s Tour of new market Battlefield State Historical Park, new market, Virginia Saturday, may 22nd, 12:00–5:00 pm (lunch provided) The core area of this pivotal battle fought on 15 May 1864 has been owned and in- terpreted by VMI since 1964. The crossroads village of New Market became a bat- tlefield when Confederate MG John Breckinridge, former Vice President of the United States, turned back the advancing Union Army under German born MG Franz Sigel. In an effort to bolster his slight numbers, Breckinridge called out the VMI Cadet Corps which found itself in the center of the fight at the pivotal mo- ment. Victory was determined by their actions. The tour will be conducted by COL Keith Gibson and the staff of the battlefield park. In addition to a discussion of the evolution of the battle and leadership principles demonstrated, the group will also explore civilian experience as revealed by the Bushong family on whose farm the battle played out.

6 MAP OF VMI POST

US 11 Lexington Bypass 8

7 6

5

PARADE GROUND

3 to Lexington

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MAP KEY & SESSION LOCATIONS 1. George C. Marshall Museum 4. Shuttle Stop Sessions: Marshall Library Thursday: noon–10:00 pm Sessions: Pogue Auditorium Friday: 7:30 am–11:00 pm 2. Marshall Hall Saturday: 7:30 am–11:00 pm Center for Leadership & Ethics Sunday: 7:30 am–1:00 pm Sessions: Shenandoah 5. Preston Library & Monuments Sessions: New Market 6. VMI Museum Sessions: Gillis Theater Jackson Memorial Hall 3. Moody Hall 7. Barracks Sessions: Activities Room, 1st Floor Sessions: Board Room, 2nd Floor 8. VMI Hospital

7 SHUTTLE BUS SCHEDULE Shuttles buses will be available for attendees during the conference. Parking on Post is limited, particularly if the ground is wet, as the Parade Ground would then not be available for parking. Please plan to ride the shuttle buses that will visit each location every 15 minutes on average during peak times and every 45-minutes during off-peak.

Shuttle Stops • Hotels: Comfort Inn, Country Inn and Suites, Hampton Inn/Col Alto, Wingate, Lexington Inn (includes Holiday Inn Express guests) • In Lexington: Rockbridge County Courthouse Parking Garage, 20 South Randolph Street • VMI: Marshall Hall Parking Lot

Shuttle Schedule Thursday, May 20 12:00 pm –10:00 pm Friday, May 21 7:30 am –11:00 pm Saturday, May 22 7:30 am –11:00 pm Sunday, May 23 7:30 am – 1:00 pm

to VMI LEXINGTON US 11 MAP

Letcher Ave

Washington Street N. Main Street

N. Jefferson Street W. Nelson Street Henry Street

Randolph Street

S. Jefferson Street S. Main Street V VISITOR CENTER US 60

S SHUTTLE STOP US 11

= Restaurant 8 LEXINGTON RESTAURANTS Within easy walking distance (10-15 minutes) for Saturday lunch. Listed closest to farthest (approximately). Please call ahead to make reservations and confirm hours. There are many other restaurants in the area for Friday dinner. The Patisserie 107 N. Main Street (540) 462-6000 Gourmet meals and a la carte ready to eat-in or take-out. Pastries. Gluten-free, vegan. Sheridan Livery Inn 35 N. Main Street (540) 464-1887 New American Cuisine featuring steaks, seafood and a new look at old standards Macado’s 30 North Main Street (540) 464-8200 Hearty yet modestly priced sandwiches and entrees Tuscany Italian Restaurant 24 N. Main Street (540) 463-9888 Bistro on Main 8 N. Main Street (540) 464-4888 eclectic menu: hamburgers, filets, seafood, vegetarian, local and organic produce A Joyful Spirit Cafe 26 S. Main Street (540) 463-4191 Panini sandwiches, melts, wraps, bagels, breakfast, soups and smoothies. Vegetarian. Lexington Coffee Shop 9 W. Washington Street (540) 464-6586 Fresh roasted weekly, espresso drinks, bagels and homemade baked goods The Palms 101 W. Nelson Street (540) 463-7911 Serving homemade soups, sandwiches and gourmet burgers Southern Inn Restaurant 37 S. Main Street (540) 463-3612 Contemporary American cuisine made in-house utilizing local produce and meats Java 23 23 S. Jefferson Street (540) 462-6003 Gourmet coffee shop and café Tong Dynasty 110 S. Jefferson Street (540) 463-2002 Chinese dishes plus a hibachi grill, deluxe buffet and sushi Salerno Family Restaurant 115 S. Jefferson Street (540) 463-5757 Family fun dining brix° 4 E. Washington Street (540) 464-3287 Tapas style restaurant and wine bar. Globally influenced cuisine. Dinner only on Saturday Red Hen 11 E. Washington Street (540) 464-4401 Farm-to-table restaurant featuring inspired, progressive dishes. Dinner only on Saturday WELCOMEBBQ ursday, may 20th, 5:30-8:30 pm featuring Gary Ruley and Mule Train www.garyruleyband.com

9 Thursday May 20, 2010 12:00 pm–7:00 pm Registration Marshall Hall, Center for Leadership & Ethics 12:00 pm–4:00 pm SmH Executive Board meeting Col Alto Hampton Inn 12:00 pm–4:00 pm Exhibitor set up Marshall Hall, Center for Leadership & Ethics 5:30 pm–8:00 pm welcoming Barbeque VMI Parade Ground tent

Friday May 21, 2010 7:30 am–8:30 am JmH Editorial Board Breakfast PROGRAMSCHEDULE Col Alto Hampton Inn 8:00 am–5:00 pm Registration Marshall Hall, Center for Leadership & Ethics 8:00 am–6:00 pm Visit Exhibits Marshall Hall, Center for Leadership & Ethics 8:30 am–9:45 am SESSiOn 1 9:45 am–10:00 am Break 10:15 am–11:30 am SESSiOn 2 11:45 am–1:00 pm Awards luncheon Marshall Hall, Center for Leadership & Ethics 1:30 pm–5:30 pm field Trip: national d-day memorial 1:30 pm–3:00 pm SESSiOn 3 3:00 pm–3:15 pm Break 3:15 pm–4:45 pm SESSiOn 4 5:00 pm dinner on your own 5:30 pm–6:30 pm Reception for graduate Students George C. Marshall Museum Lobby

10 E L U D E H C S M A R G O R P

Saturday May 22, 2010 7:30 am–8:30 am SmH Business meeting 8:00 am–5:00 pm Registration Marshall Hall, Center for Leadership & Ethics 8:00 am–5:00 pm Visit Exhibits Marshall Hall, Center for Leadership & Ethics 8:30 am–9:45 am SESSiOn 5 9:45 am–10:15 am Break 10:15 am–11:30 am SESSiOn 6 11:30 am–1:00 pm lunch on your own 12:00 pm–5:00 pm Staff Ride: new market Battlefield 1:30 pm–3:00 pm SESSiOn 7 3:00 pm–3:15 pm Break 3:15 pm–4:45 pm SESSiOn 8 6:00 pm–7:00 pm Reception Marshall Hall, Center for Leadership & Ethics 7:15 pm–10:00 pm Banquet Marshall Hall, Center for Leadership & Ethics

Sunday May 23, 2010 8:00 am–12:00 pm Registration Marshall Hall, Center for Leadership & Ethics 8:00 am–12:00 pm Visit Exhibits Marshall Hall, Center for Leadership & Ethics 8:30 am–10:00 am SESSiOn 9 10:00 am–10:30 am Break 10:30 am–11:45 am SESSiOn 10 12:00 pm–2:00 pm Exhibitor take down

11 MARSHALLHALL SHENANDOAH NEW MARKET GILLIS FRIDAY Forgotten Logistics in 1812 NEH 8:30— Operations in the and the Grants-Writing 1 9:45 am Pacific U.S. Civil War Presentation* FRIDAY The Commonwealth Counterinsurgency During WWII 10:15— across History 2 11:30 am and After FRIDAY 1:30— Freedom of the Seas What Is Victory? 3 3:00 pm

SESSIONS&PANELS FRIDAY Native American Warfare in the The Southern Way Researching & 3:15— of War Writing Vietnam 4 4:45 pm 17th Century SATURDAY Chinese Thought The U.S. Cavalry in U.S. Army in the 8:30— & Warfare* the Civil War Era Early Cold War 5 9:45 am SATURDAY Supporting Tactics on the 10:15— Operations for the Western Front, Ancient Generals 6 11:30am Continental Army 1917 SATURDAY The Anglo-American New Perspectives Armies Among Military Experience 1:30— on Normandy the People 7 3:00 pm in the 18th Century SATURDAY Win the War, Waterloo 3:15— Lose the History Commanders 8 4:45 pm

SUNDAY Germany More Medical 1933-1945: 8:30— Causes Lost & Won "Enemies" on all 9 10:00 am Fronts SUNDAY Military Cross- Military Leaders in 10:30— currents in Africa Early America 10 11:45 am

12 * Presidential Panel S L E N A P & S N O I S S E S

MARSHALLMUSEUM MOODYHALL POGUE LIBRARY ACTIVITIES BOARD ROOM

Military Airpower Wins Enlightenment in Forgotten Fronts The U.S. Army France in WWI Between the Wars

Women's Wartime & Peacetime Joint Command Warfare & Culture Public Perceptions Contributions* against Japan of U.S. Sea Services

Representing Airpower in the Military Frontiers in Medical Causes Soldiers in the Shadow of the American History Lost & Won Volunteer Era Cold War

Professional Strategies in Civil-Military France, Austria Development the Age of Relations in the & Piedmont Seminar Fighting Sail 21st Century

Leadership Origins Settling Losses The Cold War Religion in the of Three Underseas American Military U.S. Generals

New Perspectives Military Roles The U.S. Navy as an on the Unintended Short of War Instrument of Union Cause* Consequences in America Foreign Relations

Lost Memories Coping with Causes Jihad, Terror, and Special Operations of the Lost & Won National Defense in Korea First World War

OSS, CIA, and Auxiliaries for Paramilitary Military Tribunals Modernizing the Empires Operations in the Philippines U.S. Cavalry

Enemies, Friends, & Others: How to Lose New Paradigms an Empire

Americans at War Civil War in in Vietnam Greece & Spain

—Field Trip Running 13 SessionsSessions &Panels 1Session One: Friday, 8:30-9:45 Causes forgotten: military Operations in the Shenandoah FRIDAY Pacific All But lost to History Chair: Hal M. Friedman Henry Ford Community College 1 Commentator: Russell Hart Hawaii Pacific University PAPERS: The Paulet Affair of 1843: A Turning Point in the Use of Coercive Force in Anglo-Hawaiian Relations during the Years 1825-1854? Brendan Bliss, Hawaii Pacific University Like a Good Neighbor: The U.S. Navy’s Diplomatic Mission in South America in the 1930s Joel Christiansen, West Virginia University A Quiet Day in Luganville: The Imprint of the U.S. Military Occupation on Espiritu Santo, New Hebrides, in WWII Justin Vance, Hawaii Pacific University from Creation to Professionalization: New Market Studies in U.S. Army logistics, 1783-1865 Chair: Steven J. Rauch U.S. Army Signal Center of Excellence 1 Commentator: COL Wade Sokolosky 23rd Quartermaster Brigade PAPERS: Logistics Driving Operations: The Influence of Logistics on McClellan’s Peninsula Campaign (1862) and Grant’s Overland Campaign (1864) Curtis S. King, U.S. Army Combat Studies Institute “The Great Question of the Campaign Was One of Supplies”: Logistics and Sherman’s Atlanta Campaign J. Britt McCarley, U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command “Fatal Mismanagements and Neglects”: Assessing the Military and Economic Impact of Contracting Supply during the War for the Old Northwest James K. Perrin, Jr., Ohio State University

14 national Endowment for the Humanities Gillis Theater information Session and grants workshop Presidential Panel Sponsored by the National Endowment for the Humanities1 FRIDAY Panelists: douglas m. Arnold National Endowment for the Humanities malcolm “Kip” muir Virginia Military Institute Paras, Pariahs, Precision, and Revision: Pogue Auditorium Airpower Causes won not lost Chair: Robert H. Berlin Society for Military History 1 Commentator: Sebastian Cox Air Historical Branch (RAF), UK Ministry of Defence PAPERS: Bombers, “Butchers,”and Britain’s Bête Noire: Reappraising RAF Bomber Command’s Role in WWII Robert S. Ehlers, Jr., U.S. Air Force School of Advanced Air and Space Studies Iron Men, Silver Wings: Rethinking Vertical Envelopment in World War II Donald A. MacCuish, U.S. Air Force Air Command and Staff College Whirlwind, Whiz Kids, Waziristan, and the Realization of the Airpower Cause John G. Terino, U.S. Air Force Air Command and Staff College losses, lessons, lumières: military Marshall Library Enlightenment in Eighteenth-century france Chair: Jacqueline Whitt U.S. Military Academy 1 Commentator: Jacqueline Whitt U.S. Military Academy PAPERS: Unwitting Sacrifice: The Noble Officer Corps and the Rise of the French Soldier, 1760-1789 Julia Osman, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill Embracing the Epicene: Feminist Military Reform in the Enlightenment French Army Christy Pichichero, Stanford University From a Lost War to a New Paradise: America’s Indians and Tahitians through the Eyes of Bougainville Christian A. Crouch, Bard College

15 Session One: Friday, 8:30-9:45 (cont.) forgotten fronts of the first world war Moody Activities Room Chair: Mark E. Grotelueschen U.S. Air Force Academy Commentator: Eric W. Osborne 1 Virginia Military Institute

FRIDAY PAPERS: “Goodbyeeeee and Fuck You!” Masculinity, Identity, and Swearing among Canada’s Great War Soldiers Tim Cook, Canadian War Museum Home Front Natal: A South African Province during the Great War Paul S. Thompson, University of KwaZulu-Natal Sweetness and War: An Introductory Examination of the Role of Sugar during the First World War Robert Shafer, Pennsylvania State University Preparing to win: Perspectives on the Moody Board Room U.S. Army in the interwar Period Chair: Stephen A. Bourque U.S. Army School of Advanced Military Studies 1 Commentator: Joseph C. Fitzharris University of St. Thomas PAPERS: Riflemen and Guardsmen: The NRA, the NGA, and the Transformation of the Army Barry M. Stentiford, U.S. Army School of Advanced Military Studies Mobile Firepower: U.S. Army Tanks and Mechanization in the Interwar Period Dan C. Fullerton, U.S. Army School of Advanced Military Studies Battlefield Frameworks, Operational Art, and Reality, 1918-1945 Peter J. Schifferle, U.S. Army School of Advanced Military Studies

16 FRIDAY

2Session Two: Friday, 10:15-11:30 The Tenuous Cords of imperial Unity: Shenandoah Britain and the Commonwealth during the Second world war and After Chair: David J. Bercuson 2 University of Calgary Commentator: David J. Bercuson University of Calgary PAPERS: Tradition and Pragmatism: Anglo-Canadian Defense Relations after the Second World War Peter Archambault, Defence Research and Development Canada, Centre for Operational Research and Analysis Australia in Transition: Anglo-Australian Relations, 1939-1945 Jeffrey Grey, Australian Defence Force Academy Preparing to Fight the Bear: The Canadian Army at the Nexus of the North Atlantic Triangle Alexander W. G. Herd, University of Calgary Counterinsurgency Across History Gillis Theater (A Roundtable Presentation) Chair: H. R. McMaster U.S. Army Capabilities Integration Center, 2 Training and Doctrine Command Panelists: Andrew J. Birtle U.S. Army Center for Military History Max Boot Council on Foreign Relations Mark Moyar U.S. Marine Corps University

17 Session Two: Friday, 10:15-11:30 (cont.) Causes won and lost: women’s wartime and Pogue Auditorium Peacetime Contributions and women’s Rights Presidential Panel Sponsored by the Minerva Center Chair: Kara Dixon Vuic 2 Bridgewater College

FRIDAY Commentator: D’Ann Campbell Montana State University, Billings PAPERS: Japanese Women in a “Lost War”: Loyalty and Betrayal in a State of War Haruko Taya Cook & Theodore F. Cook, William Paterson University Women at War: Organizing Resistance in France during WWII Rita Kramer, Independent Scholar An Incremental Revolution: American Women and War, 1980-2010 Robert Lance Janda, Cameron University The U.S. Army and Joint Command in Marshall Library the war against Japan Chair: Edward M. Coffman University of Wisconsin, Madison (Emeritus) 2 Commentator: Edward Drea Independent Scholar PAPERS: The Interwar Army and the Rising Sun Harold R. Winton, U.S. Air Force School of Advanced Air and Space Studies Instrument of Revenge: The 1st Cavalry Division in the Pacific War against Japan Peter Mansoor, Ohio State University MacArthur’s Lieutenants and the Schoolhouse of War Kevin C. Holzimmer, U.S. Air Force School of Advanced Air and Space Studies

18 warfare and Culture (continued): Moody Activities Room Operational Connections

Chair: Wayne E. Lee FRIDAY University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 2 Commentator: Stephen Morillo Wabash College PAPERS: Of Bureaucrats & Bandits: Anti-Rebel Strategy at the End of the Ming Dynasty Kenneth M. Swope, Ball State University Forbearance in Battle: Class, Culture, and Combat in Early Modern Europe John A. Lynn, Northwestern University The Army of the Potomac in 1864: A Study in Organizational Culture Mark Grimsley, Ohio State University The Public image of the American Sea Moody Board Room Services in the Early Twentieth Century Chair: Aaron B. O’Connell U.S. Naval Academy 2 Commentator: Charles P. Niemeyer USMC History PAPERS: Esprit de Marine Corps: The Making of the Modern Marine Corps through Public Relations, 1905-1918 Colin M. Colbourn, University of Southern Mississippi “Always Fightin’ Men”: Identity and the Marine Corps during the Veracruz Incident Heather Pace Marshall, Duke University Finest Examples of American Manhood: The Ideal Sailor and the Construction of Masculinity in the Interwar Navy Ryan D. Wadle, Texas A&M University

19 FRIDAY 3Session Three: Friday, 1:30-3:00 new Perspectives in nineteenth-Century Shenandoah naval History Chair: Sarandis “Randy” Papadopoulous Naval History and Heritage Command 3 Commentator: Jennifer Lyn Speelman The Citadel PAPERS: Charting Sea Space: Hydrography and the U.S. Navy in the Nineteenth Century Jason W. Smith, Temple University The President-little Belt Affair: A Study in Causation Joshua Wolf, Temple University The Politics of American and British Naval Strategy in the War of 1812 Stephen Budiansky, Independent Scholar what is Victory? Gillis Theater Chair: Robert M. Citino University of North Texas Commentator: J. Boone Bartholomees, Jr. 3 U.S. Army War College PAPERS: A Strategy of Tactics: What Population-centric Counterinsurgency Has Done to the American Army Gian P. Gentile, U.S. Military Academy In Praise of Exhaustion: Breaking Will with a Grand Strategy of Contextual Change Gail E. S. Yoshitani, U.S. Military Academy Reframing the Historical Problematic of War, Insurgency, and Victory Jonathan E. Gumz, U.S. Military Academy

20 military frontiers in American History Pogue Auditorium Chair: Gregory J. W. Urwin

Temple University FRIDAY Commentator: Philip D. Dillard 3 James Madison University PAPERS: One Cause Won, Two Causes Lost, a Fourth Cause Continued, a Fifth Bribed Away, and a Sixth Defined Out of Existence: Conflicts of the Rio Grande Valley, 1836-1876 Irving W. Levinson, University of Texas, Pan-American “His Majesty’s Faithful Indian Allies”: Kennedy’s Corps and the Anglo-Provincial Victory over the Cherokees, 1761 Daniel J. Tortora, Duke University Scapegoat? Colonel Edwin V. Sumner and the Topeka Dispersal of 1856 Durwood Ball, University of New Mexico Causes and Effects: Representing Soldiering Marshall Library in the Era of the All-Volunteer military Chair: Janet G. Valentine U.S. Army Command and General Staff College 3 Commentator: Michael J. Allen Northwestern University PAPERS: Army Games: America’s Virtual Soldiers Beth Bailey, Temple University Representing American Soldiers in the Nearly Invisible Women in Military Service for America Memorial Kristin Ann Hass, University of Michigan “No One Put a Gun to Their Head and Forced Them to Come Here”: Representing the All-Volunteer Army in Narratives on the “War on Terror” David Kieran, Washington University

21 Session Three: Friday, 1:30-3:00 (cont.) Airpower Causes in the Shadow Moody Activities Room of the Cold war Chair: Douglas Streusand U.S. Marine Corps Command and Staff College 3 Commentator: Douglas Streusand

FRIDAY U.S. Marine Corps Command and Staff College PAPERS: Air Power’s Evangelists: The Men and Women Who Sold Airpower through Popular Culture, 1945-1963 Steven C. Call, Broome Community College General Otto Weyland and the Origins of an Expeditionary Air Force: USAF Tactical Air Command and Power Projection, 1956-1960 Paul D. Gelpi, Jr., U.S. Marine Corps Command and Staff College General Paul Adams and Joint Strike Command: A Failed Opportunity for Enhanced Close Air Support Michael Perry May, U.S. Air Force Air University Some Battles won and lost Moody Board Room in military medicine Chair: Justin Woodson Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences 3 Commentator: Justin Woodson Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences PAPERS: Medical and Surgical Care in the Russo-Japanese War Justin Barr, Yale University Some Problems in Saving Lives: Why and How Forward Surgery Was Brought to Battlefields William Sanders Marble, U.S. Army Office of Medical History A Battle Won and Lost: Allied Medical Support during Operation Market-Garden Stephen C. Craig, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences

22 FRIDAY

4 Session Four: Friday, 3:15-4:45 native American warfare in 17th Century Shenandoah new England: Reactions and Adjustments to European Contact and Colonization Chair: John F. Guilmartin, Jr. 4 Ohio State University Commentator: Joseph Fischer U.S. Army Command and General Staff College PAPERS: The Evolution of Native Warfare in Southern New England: 1200-1637 Kevin A. McBride, University of Connecticut Native Perspectives on Violence in War and the Consequences of the Mystic Massacre Matthew S. Muehlbauer, U.S. Military Academy Maintaining the Initiative: The Connecticut Colony-Mohegan- Pequot Alliance on the Offensive Jason W. Warren, U.S. Military Academy The Southern way of war: The lost Cause New Market and the Southern military Tradition Chair: Richard B. McCaslin University of North Texas 4 Commentator: Jennifer D. Keene Chapman University PAPERS: The Texas Brigade and the Lost Cause Susannah J. Ural, University of Southern Mississippi Picking Up the White Man’s Burden: African Americans and the Philippine War, 1899-1902 David J. Silbey, Alvernia University, Southern Women and the Vietnam War Heather M. Stur, University of Southern Mississippi

23 Session Four: Friday, 3:15-4:45 (cont.) Researching and writing about the Vietnam war Gillis Theater (A Roundtable Discussion) Chair: Edward J. Marolda Naval History and Heritage Command (ret.) 4 Panelists: John M. Carland

FRIDAY State Department History Office John Darrell Sherwood Naval History and Heritage Command Andrew A. Wiest University of Southern Mississippi James H. Willbanks U.S. Army Command and General Staff College Causes lost and won: france, Austria, and Pogue Auditorium Piedmont—war Planning for Campaigning in italy Chair: John A. Lynn Northwestern University 4 Commentator: Michael V. Leggiere University of North Texas PAPERS: Looking for the Right Way: Habsburg Planning for War in Italy, 1797 to 1809 Lee W. Eysturlid, Illinois School of Math and Science A Well-Coordinated Affair: Franco-Piedmontese War Planning and the Second War of Italian Unification Frederick C. Schneid, High Point University Austrian and Italian War Planning in 1866 Geoffrey D. W. Wawro, University of North Texas SmH Professional development Seminar: Marshall Library The Academic Hiring Process from an Administrator’s Perspective (A Discussion for Graduate Students and Others in the Job Market) Participants: Carol Reardon Director of Graduate Studies, Pennsylvania State University 4 William Allison Chair, Department of History, Georgia Southern University Kurt Hackemer Associate Dean, College of Arts & Sciences, University of South Dakota Frank Wetta Department of History, Kean University, and immediate past Vice President of Academic Affairs, Ocean County College 24 Strategic Visions in the Age of fighting Moody Activities Room Sail, fulfilled and Unfulfilled

Chair: Eugenia C. Kiesling FRIDAY U.S. Military Academy 4 Commentator: Peter D. Haynes U.S. Naval Postgraduate School PAPERS: The Tale of the Milk Pot: Vice Admiral Comte d’Estaing’s Strategic Vision for the War of 1778 in America Michael J. Crawford, Naval History and Heritage Command Iron, Fire, and Patriotism: Triumphs and Failures of French Naval Strategy in 1794 Kenneth G. Johnson, U.S. Military Academy A Strategic Vision in Evolution: Admiral Warren and British Strategic Options against the United States, 1812-13 Kevin D. McCranie, U.S. Naval War College U.S. Civil-military Relations in Moody Board Room the 21st Century Chair: Van Mobley Concordia University, Wisconsin 4 Commentator: Michael Bonura, U.S. Army PAPERS: The Airman and the State: An F-22 Pilot’s Perspective on Civil- Military Affairs Alexus Grynkewich, Joint Advanced Warfighting School Joint Vision 2010: Framing Future Forces or Fruitless Futurology? Christopher E. Sund, Joint Advanced Warfighting School

25 5 Session Five: Saturday, 8:30-9:45 Thought and Practice in Chinese warfare Shenandoah Presidential Panel Sponsored by the Chinese Military History Society Chair: David A. Graff Kansas State University 5 Commentator: David A. Graff Kansas State University PAPERS: The Seven military Classics and an 11th-century Military Historian Peter Lorge, Vanderbilt University

SATURDAY Guerrilla vs. Conventional Warfare: Myth-making and Myth- busting in Contemporary Chinese Military Thought Morgan Deane, Trine University Military Theory and Practice in the Sino-Japanese Korean War (1592-1598): The Continuing Relevance of The Seven military Classics during the “Gunpowder Revolution” Christopher R. Lew, U.S. Department of Defense The U.S. Cavalry in the Civil war Era New Market Chair: John W. Mountcastle University of Richmond Commentator: Samuel J. Watson 5 U.S. Military Academy PAPERS: The Organization and Employment of Cavalry in the East— Another Look Ethan S. Rafuse, U.S. Army Command and General Staff College Hindquarters for Headquarters? Class Rank at West Point and Appointments to the Cavalry Branch, 1832-1861 Richard N. Grippaldi, Temple University A Most Disagreeable Mission: The 1st Cavalry and Bleeding Kansas Tony R. Mullis, U.S. Army Command and General Staff College

26 On war’s Precipice: The U.S. Army Gillis Theater and the Cold war from 1946 to 1962 (A Roundtable Discussion) Chair: Brian M. Linn 5 Texas A&M University Panelists: Michael J. Doidge University of Southern Mississippi William M. Donnelly U.S. Army Center of Military History Donald A. Carter U.S. Army Center of Military History

Ingo Trauschweizer SATURDAY Ohio University Paul C. Jussel U.S. Army War College Settling losses Pogue Auditorium Chair: L. Michael Allsep, Jr. University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill Commentator: David J. Ulbrich 5 U.S. Army Engineer School PAPERS: A Cause Lost and Won: Renegotiating Victory in the Memory of the Vietnam War Meredith H. Lair, George Mason University The Driftwood of War: Managing Refugees in American-Occupied Germany, 1945-1949 Adam R. Seipp, Texas A&M University Acts of Charity: War Department Benefits for Widows, Orphans, and Invalids, 1784-1800 Christopher H. Hamner, George Mason University

27 Session Five: Saturday, 8:30-9:45 (cont.) The Undersea Cold war Marshall Library Chair: Kathleen Broome Williams Cogswell Polytechnical College Commentator: Alex Roland 5 Duke University PAPERS: From the Depths: British Cold War Submarine Operations W. J. R. “Jock” Gardner, Naval Historical Branch (UK) A Blockade by Any Other Name: Adapting to the Cold War Gary E. Weir, National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency Doin’ the Biz; Anti-SSBN Patrols by Canadian Submarines, 1983-87 Michael Whitby, Canadian Department of National Defence Religion in the American military Moody Activities Room Chair: Bradley Carter U.S. Army Command and General Staff College Commentator: Nancy Gentile Ford 5

SATURDAY Bloomsburg University PAPERS: Atheists in Foxholes? The Religious Life of the American GI G. Kurt Piehler, University of Tennessee Bullets Addressed “To Whom It May Concern”: American Interpretations of Fate, Providence, and Divine Intervention in Combat Jacqueline Whitt, U.S. Military Academy “The Lord Has Called Us to a Hard Task”: Chaplain Robert Boston Dokes, Black Soldiers, and the Practice of Transgressive Citizenship in World War II George White, Jr., York College, CUNY

28 Rising Stars: The leadership Origins Moody Board Room of Three American generals Chair: LTG Steven Boutelle, U.S. Army (ret.) Commentator: David Murphy 5 National University of Ireland, Maynooth PAPERS: Zachary Taylor and the Crucible of Experience: Democracy, Professionalism, and Leadership in the Antebellum U.S. Army Gregory Hospodor, U.S. Army Command and General Staff College Learning Leadership: Training, Experience, and the Making of Ulysses S. Grant Harry S. Laver, Southeastern Louisiana University

From Vietnam to the Persian Gulf War: The Education of General SATURDAY Colin Powell Jeffrey J. Matthews, University of Puget Sound

6 Session Six: Saturday, 10:15-11:30 Achieving the Complex and the Creative: Shenandoah The Continental Army and Supporting Operations, 1778-1779 Chair: John R. Maass 6 U.S. Army Center of Military History Commentator: Glenn F. Williams U.S. Army Center of Military History PAPERS: Mud Forts and River Pirates: Land Privateers in the American Revolution, 1778 Charles P. Niemeyer, USMC History To “Prevent the Enemy from Receiving any Benefit [and] to Sup- ply the Present Emergencies of the American Army”: Foraging and Combat Operations at Valley Forge, February-March 1778 Ricardo A. Herrera, U.S. Army Combat Studies Institute The Road Not Taken: The Coos Country Expedition, 1779 Holly A. Mayer, Duquesne University

29 Session Six: Saturday, 10:15-11:30 (cont.) Tactical development on the western New Market front in the first world war, 1917 Chair: Michael Neiberg University of Southern Mississippi 6 Commentator: Michael Neiberg University of Southern Mississippi PAPERS: The Battle of Cambrai and British Defensive Doctrine Helen B. McCartney, King’s College, London The Battle of Cambrai and German Offensive Doctrine Robert T. Foley, University of Liverpool The Introduction of New German Defensive Tactics in Early 1917 Tony Cowan, University of Liverpool Ancient generalship Gillis Theater Chair: Michael F. Pavkovic U.S. Naval War College Commentator: Michael F. Pavkovic 6

SATURDAY U.S. Naval War College PAPERS: Greek Generalship: Where Did Military Hierarchy Come From? Jon E. Lendon, University of Virginia Ancient Generals and Their Orders Fred S. Naiden, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill A War Without Battles: Unconventional Warfare in Second Century BC Egypt Paul Johstono, Duke University Who’s the Best? Ancient Criteria for Evaluation of Roman Generalship Everett L. Wheeler, Duke University

30 The Cause won: new Perspectives on Pogue Auditorium the United States’ Cause in the Civil war Era Presidential Panel Sponsored by the Society of Civil War Historians 6 Chair: Carol Reardon Pennsylvania State University Commentator: Joseph T. Glatthaar University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill PAPERS: Seeking the Meaning of Union Victory: Participants, Historians, and “The Grand Review” Gary W. Gallagher, University of Virginia

Clasping Hands over the Bloody Chasm: Civil War Veterans’ SATURDAY Reunions and the Path to Reconciliation Caroline E. Janney, Purdue University “Liberty and Union, Now and Forever, One and Inseparable”: Remembering the Won Cause Barbara A. Gannon, U.S. Government Accountability Office Unintended Consequences: Marshall Library The Effects of Air Operations in france, 1944 Chair: Thomas A. Bruscino, Jr. 6 U.S. Army School of Advanced Military Studies Commentator: Peter S. Kindsvatter U.S. Army Ordnance Center & Schools PAPERS: La Semaine Rouge: Rouen under Allied Bombs Stephen A. Bourque, U.S. Army School of Advanced Military Studies Losing the Brains of the Army: The Military Career of Lieutenant General Lesley J. McNair Mark T. Calhoun, U.S. Army School of Advanced Military Studies Adapting Precision Airpower: The Transportation Plan in WWII G. Scott Gorman, U.S. Army School of Advanced Military Studies

31 Session Six: Saturday, 10:15-11:30 (cont.) informal Responsibilities: militaries Moody Activities Room and Roles Short of war in Early America Chair: David J. Silbey Alvernia University 6 Commentator: John W. Hall University of Wisconsin, Madison PAPERS: “So Many Cords of Affection”: The Antebellum Military and the Construction of American National Identity William Adler, CUNY Brothers in Arms: French and Quapaw Indians in Colonial Arkansas Sonia Toudji, University of Arkansas “Reduced to Order”: State Violence and the Contest over Social Discipline in the Early Republic Chris Bray, UCLA The navy as an instrument Moody Board Room

SATURDAY of foreign Relations Chair: James C. Bradford Texas A&M University 6 Commentator: C. Thomas Long George Washington University PAPERS: “By Putting Ourselves in a Position to Punish Them”: The United States’ Decision to Fight the Barbary Wars Thomas Sheppard, Florida State University The Providence of Most Men … and the Longest Cannon John A. Tures, LaGrange College Churchill, New Zealand, and the Royal Navy: Imperial Relations and Naval Defense in the Pacific, 1911-1914 John C. Mitcham, University of Alabama

32 7Session Seven: Saturday, 1:30-3:00 SATURDAY Comparative Perspectives of the Shenandoah normandy invasion Chair: Jay B. Lockenour Temple University 7 Commentator: Harold R. Winton U.S. Air Force School of Advanced Air and Space Studies PAPERS: The Beginning of the End: D-Day in British Cultural Memory Sam Edwards, University of Lancaster “Portal of Liberation”: D-Day’s Role in American Self-Affirmation Michael R. Dolski, Temple University The Anglo-American military Experience New Market in the 18th Century Chair: Mark Danley University of Memphis 7 Commentator: Dennis M. Conrad Naval History & Heritage Command PAPERS: “The Soul of All Armies”: Discipline, Control, or the Lack Thereof, in the mid-18th-century British Army Scott N. Hendrix, Cuyahoga Community College “To Recover the Sinking Hopes of the People”: North Carolina and Public Spirit in the American Revolution John R. Maass, U.S. Army Center of Military History “In Free Liberty of Conscience and Lawful Rights”: The Military Association of Pennsylvania during Two Mobilizations Joseph Seymour, U.S. Army Center of Military History

33 Session Seven: Saturday, 1:30-3:00 (cont.) Armies at war amongst the People: Gillis Theater Three Case Studies Chair: Brian Holden Reid King’s College, London 7 Commentator: Michael Neiberg University of Southern Mississippi PAPERS: Butcher and Bolt: Winning Hearts and Minds in Victorian Campaigning, 1872-1899 Ian F. W. Beckett, University of Kent Charles Townshend’s Dilemma: The 6th Indian Division and the Civilian Population of Kut-al-Amara, December 1915- April 1916 Nikolas Gardner, U.S. Air Force Air War College War without Mercy? American Armed Forces and the Deaths of Civilians during the Battle for Saipan, 1944 Matthew Hughes, U.S. Marine Corps University Coping with Causes lost and won Pogue Auditorium SATURDAY Chair: Lisa Mundey University of St. Thomas Commentator: Andrew A. Wiest 7 University of Southern Mississippi PAPERS: Scar Wars: Injured Servicemen and Comparative Suffering in Early Postwar Japan Lee Kennedy Pennington, U.S. Naval Academy Forgetting Korea: Civil-Military Relations and Trauma after Korea Aaron B. O’Connell, U.S. Naval Academy Thailand’s “Victory” in the Vietnam War: Recalling the Personal and Professional Triumphs of America’s Southeast Asian Ally Richard A. Ruth, U.S. Naval Academy

34 Recapturing lost memories of Marshall Library the first world war Chair: Mark A. Snell Shepherd University 7 Commentator: G. Kurt Piehler University of Tennessee PAPERS: E. M. Viquesney’s Spirit of the American Doughboy and American Memory of World War I Steven Trout, Fort Hays State University What Is To Become of Those Dead Over There? Lisa M. Budreau, Office of the U.S. Army Surgeon General

The Memory of the Great War in the African-American SATURDAY Community Jennifer D. Keene, Chapman University Jihad, Terror, and national defense Moody Activities Room Chair: Adrienne R. Lauzon Joint Advanced Warfighting School Commentator: William T. Dean III 7 U.S. Air Force Air Command and Staff College PAPERS: The War at Home: Responding to Terrorism and Racketeering in France during the Algerian Conflict Barnett Singer, Brock University The Roots of the Israeli Army Robert B. Kane, U.S. Air Force Historical Research Agency The Influence of History upon Modern Jihadists Michael A. Palmer, East Carolina University

35 Session Seven: Saturday, 1:30-3:00 (cont.) Army Special Operations forces Moody Board Room in the Korean war Chair: Robert P. Wettemann, Jr. U.S. Army Special Operations Command History Office 7 Commentator: Charles H. Briscoe U.S. Army Special Operations Command History Office PAPERS: Special Operations Reaction to the Korean War Eugene G. Piasecki, U.S. Army Special Operations Command History Office Rangers in the Korean War Kenneth Finlayson, U.S. Army Special Operations Command History Office Ad hoc Special Operations Units in Korea Troy J. Sacquety, U.S. Army Special Operations Command History Office Psychological Warfare Units in Korea Robert W. Jones, Jr., U.S. Army Special Operations Command SATURDAY History Office

36 8Session Eight: Saturday, 3:15-4:45 The British Army: winning the wars Shenandoah and losing the History, 1899-1945 Chair: Howard J. Fuller University of Wolverhampton 8 Commentator: Howard J. Fuller University of Wolverhampton PAPERS: The British Army and the Boer War, 1899-1902 Spencer Jones, University of Wolverhampton The British Army and the First World War, 1914-1918

Stephen Badsey, University of Wolverhampton SATURDAY The British Army and the Second World War, 1939-1945 John Buckley, University of Wolverhampton waterloo Commanders: new interpretations Gillis Theater of decision-making at waterloo Chair: Frederick C. Schneid High Point University 8 Commentator: Donald D. Horward Florida State University (Emeritus) PAPERS: Napoleon and the Waterloo Campaign: Observations on the Strategy, Operations, and Tactics of the Campaign Robert M. Epstein, U.S. Army Command and General Staff College “To Defeat the French”: Wellington, Military Planning, and the Waterloo Campaign Hew J. Davies, King’s College, London Bluecher, Decisive Victory, and Waterloo: The Long Road to a Prusso-German Way of War Michael V. Leggiere, University of North Texas

37 Session Eight: Saturday, 3:15-4:45 (cont.) Auxiliaries for Empires Pogue Auditorium Chair: Terry L. Beckenbaugh U.S. Army Command and General Staff College Commentator: Robert P. Wettemann, Jr. 8 U.S. Army Special Operations Command History Office PAPERS: Turning Their Own against Them: Indian Auxiliary Units in the American Southwest, 1870-1886 Adam C. Kane, U.S. Naval Institute Hope and Glory? The Experience of the Imperial Service Troops of British India Derek W. Blakeley, McNeese State University Oral Histories of Black Veterans of the Rhodesian Army and Police Timothy J. Stapleton, Trent University Covert Commandos: The impact of OSS Marshall Library and CiA Paramilitary Operations on

SATURDAY world war ii and the Early Cold war Chair: Matthew Penn 8 Central Intelligence Agency Commentator: Matthew Penn Central Intelligence Agency PAPERS: “The Initial Arrow of Penetration”: The OSS and the Origins of Special and Covert Paramilitary Operations, 1942-1947 Clayton D. Laurie, Central Intelligence Agency The Development and Application of the CIA’s Covert Paramilitary Function in the Early Cold War, 1946-1961 Nicholas Dujmovic, Central Intelligence Agency CIA Paramilitary Operations in Southeast Asia, 1961-1975: Findings in Recently Declassified Histories and Documents David Robarge, Central Intelligence Agency

38 military Tribunals during the Philippine Moody Activities Room insurrection: Courts martial, military Commissions, and Army lawyers Chair: Timothy K. Nenninger 8 National Archives Commentator: Andrew J. Birtle U.S. Army Center for Military History PAPERS: Courts Martial of U.S. Officers Gary Solis, Georgetown University Law Center Prosecuting the Insurgents Gary M. Bowman, Judge Advocate General’s Corps JAG George Davis and the Role of Military Law SATURDAY Frederic L. Borch, Judge Advocate General’s Legal Center and School modernization of the mounted Arm Moody Board Room in the United States Army, 1920-1945 Chair: John T. Broom Norwich University 8 Commentator: George F. Hofmann University of Cincinnati (Emeritus) PAPERS: “There Is No Substitute for Cavalry!” The Life of Major General John K. Herr, Last Chief of Cavalry Bob Seals, Norwich University Putting the Cart before the Horse: Strategy, Technology, and the Failure of the United States Cavalry to Innovate during the Interwar Years Alan M. Anderson, Norwich University McNair’s Cavalry Christopher N. Prigge, Harvard University

39 9 Session Nine: Sunday, 8:30-10:00 more Causes lost and won in military medicine Shenandoah Chair: Dik Daso Smithsonian Institution Commentator: Bob A. Wintermute 9 Queen’s College, CUNY PAPERS: Nurses in Vietnam: Reluctant Volunteers or Compassionate Servants? John R. “Ron” Milam, Texas Tech University Into the Domain of Medical Science: Circular No. 2 and the Development of Scientific Medicine during the American Civil War Shauna Devine, University of Western Ontario ‘ “An Object of Public Attention”: Late 18th Century Military and Naval Medicine and the Literature Campaign against Yellow Fever Monica Ayhens, University of Alabama germany 1933-1945: “Enemies” on All fronts New Market Chair: Dennis Showalter Colorado College Commentator: Jay B. Lockenour 9 Temple University PAPERS: Destroying German Ground Forces in Northwest Europe: Application of Force and Operational Tempo John N. Rickard, Directorate of Army Training (CAN) “The Situation Is Once Again Quiet”: Gestapo Crimes in the Rhineland, Fall 1944

SUNDAY Michael P. McConnell, University of Tennessee Stabbed in the Back: German-Jewish Veterans under Hitler Michael J. Geheran, Clark University

40 new Paradigms in war: Pogue Auditorium Enemies, friends, and Others Chair: Jonathan Reed Winkler Wright State University 9 Commentator: Jonathan M. House U.S. Army Command and General Staff College PAPERS: Forging Trust by Planning for War, 1948-1968: Civil Emergency Planning and the Creation of the Franco-German Special Relationship Nicholas J. Steneck, Florida Southern College The U.S. Army and the Repatriation of Soviet Citizens in Austria, 1945-1948 Ralph W. Brown III, University of Louisiana, Monroe Holding “with a Firm Hand”: The U.S. in French North Africa, 1942-1943 J. Casey Doss, U.S. Military Academy How to lose an Empire: Marshall Library Three Pre-modern Case Studies Chair: Sarah C. Melville Clarkson University 9 Commentator: Kelly DeVries Loyola University, Maryland PAPERS: The Qadi of Xelb’s Invincible Fortress and the Decline of a SUNDAY Medieval Empire Dana Cushing, Independent Scholar The Criteria for Winning and Losing: The Chinese Righteous War Tradition and the Judgment of Wars in the Spring and Autumn Period Cheng-yun Chang, Kansas State University The Failure of Sparta David L. Berkey, California State University, Fresno

41 10 Session Ten: Sunday, 10:30-11:45 military Cross-currents in Africa Shenandoah Chair: Bruce Vandervort Virginia Military Institute Commentator: Paul Melshen 10 U.S. Marine Corps Joint Advanced Warfighting School PAPERS: Troops of an Admirable Order: The British Military and the Origin of the Crown Colony of Sierra Leone Dawn M. Hewitt, University of Calgary ‘ “Too Late”: Public Opinion and the Sudan Campaign of 1884-1885 Joseph M. Bickley, San Diego State University British Intelligence in the South African War, 1889-1902 Fransjohan Pretorius, University of Pretoria Ordinary men in Extraordinary Times: New Market military leadership in Early America, 1675-1783 Chair: Guy Chet University of North Texas

SUNDAY 10 Commentator: Ira D. Gruber Rice University (Emeritus) PAPERS: Between a Rock and a Hard Place: Major Samuel Appleton and the Colonies of Massachusetts Bay and Connecticut during King Philip’s War, 1675-1676 Kyle F. Zelner, University of Southern Mississippi Chosen to Lead: New England Provincial Officers in the Early French Wars, 1689-1748 Steven C. Eames, Mount Ida College Loyalist Leadership in the Revolutionary South Jim Piecuch, Kennesaw State University

42 Americans at war in Vietnam Pogue Auditorium Chair: Spencer C. Tucker ABC-Clio Commentator: Alexander S. Cochran 10 Office of the Chief of Staff Army PAPERS: The Marine Corps Way: Combined Action Platoons in Vietnam John Southard, Texas Tech University Men at Arms: Chivalry and the American Experience in Vietnam Christopher J. Levesque, University of Alabama U.S. Commitment and Defeat in Southeast Asia John Prados, George Washington University Civil war in greece and Spain Marshall Library Chair: R. Geoffrey Jensen Virginia Military Institute Commentator: Count Niccolo Capponi 10 Capponi Archive PAPERS: The Military Lessons of the Spanish Civil War Michael P. Marino, The College of New Jersey Success and Failure of Soviet Naval Personnel Serving the Spanish Republican Fleet in War, 1936-1939 Willard C. Frank, Jr., Old Dominion University (Emeritus)

The Greek Civil War and the Principles of Operations Other SUNDAY than War Kevin J. Dougherty, University of Southern Mississippi

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ABOUT THE HALL OF VALOR The Hall of Valor commemorates the service and sacrifice of VMI Alumni in time of war. Established in 1967, the Hall is the largest display of valor decorations in the na- tion. The criterion for inclusion in the Hall is that the alumnus must have received at least one of the eleven decorations for valor awarded by the United States. There are over 1,100 individual alumni represented with a combined total of over 4,200 medals including seven Medal of Honor recipients, 87 Distinguished Service Cross/Navy Cross/Air Force Cross recipients and 742 Purple Heart recipients. A gold star in the lower left corner of the case indicates the alumnus was killed in action.

Members of the Hall of Valor are arranged alphabetically within their VMI Class year. Each column and row is indentified by letters and numbers, respectively. Among the names found in the Hall of Valor are General of the Army George C. Marshall (location C2), Admiral Richard Byrd (location D3), Lieutenant General Lewis B. “Chesty” Puller (location G11) and General George S. Patton (location B3). In 2000, the Hall of Valor was dedicated in honor of Lieutenant General Puller, 1921, the most decorated VMI alumnus. 44 Balcony Gillis Theater 2 0 5

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Winner of the Bahat prize UGLY WAR, sponsored by the University PRETTY PACKAGE of Haifa Press How CNN and Fox News THE LAST CENTURY GUILT, SUFFERING, Made the Invasion of Iraq OF SEA POWER AND MEMORY High Concept Volume 2 Germany Remembers Its Deborah L. Jaramillo From Washington to Tokyo, Dead of World War II paper $22.95 1922–1945 Gilad Margalit H. P. Willmott Translated by Haim cloth $39.95 Watzman paper $27.95 Forthcoming this Fall THE LAST CENTURY EXTRAORDINARY OF SEA POWER HEROES AND VICTIMS CIRCUMSTANCES Volume 1 Remembering War in The Seven Days Battles Twentieth-Century Romania From Port Arthur to Chanak, Brian K. Burton Maria Bucur 1894–1922 paper $29.95 H. P. Willmott Indiana-Michigan Series in Russian and East European cloth $34.95 Studies THE MYTH OF paper $27.95 THE LOST CAUSE AND CIVIL WAR HISTORY Edited by Gary W. Gallagher and Alan T. Nolan paper $19.95 To Order Call: 1-800-842-6796 Or Visit: iupress.indiana.edu

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# GEORGE### C. MARSHALL # MUSEUM & MUSEUM SHOP HOME OF THE BOOK BUNKER Hundreds of used books on military history New books added every week Specializing in World War II, military biographies, espionage, 20th century American history Shipping available to your home or office We are open Tuesday–Saturday 9:00 am to 5:00 pm Sunday 1:00 pm to 5:00 pm 540-463-2083 www.marshallfoundation.org ##### 59 CALL FOR PAPERS Ways War 78th Annual meeting of the Society for military History Cantigny first division foundation, oflisle, illinois 9-12 June 2011 The Society for Military History is pleased to announce its call for papers for the 78th Annual Meeting, hosted by the Cantigny First Division Foundation at the Lisle Hilton Hotel in Lisle, Illinois, June 9-12, 2011. The conference theme is “Ways of War”—whether there are national, cultural and ethnic ways of war in history; whether conflicts can be understood in light of the ways of war; and the impact of ways of war on society, technology, policy and so forth. We especially encourage junior scholars to present their work and to serve on panels. As always, the program committee will consider other panel and paper proposals dealing with important questions of military history.

Panel proposals must include a panel title, contact information for all panelists, a brief description of the purpose and theme of the panel, a 1-paragraph abstract of each of the papers, the CV of each panelist, including commentator and chair, and contact information. All panelists must be SMH members. Proposals for individual papers are welcome and should include a brief abstract, abbreviated curriculum vitae, and contact information. The deadline for proposals is October 1, 2010. Pro- posals may be submitted electronically to conference coordinator Paul Herbert ([email protected]) or by regular mail to the First Division Mu- seum, ATTN: SMH Program Committee, 1 S 151 Winfield Road, Wheaton, Illinois 60189. The program committee will acknowledge receipt of each proposal within two weeks of its arrival.

The meeting will be held at the Lisle Hilton Hotel in Lisle, Illinois, just west of Chicago, with some events taking place on Cantigny Park, home of the First Divi- sion Museum, in nearby Wheaton. Lisle and Wheaton are easily accessible from O’Hare and Midway airports and are also served by Metra Rail. The conference site is just off Interstate Route 88 at Naperville Road, with many nearby hotels, motels, restaurants and shopping areas.

For more details, please contact Dr. Paul Herbert at Deadline for proposals [email protected] or (630)-260-8225. is October 1, 2010

60 Hosts

The mission of the VMI Center for Leadership and Ethics is to advance the understanding, practice, and integration of leadership and character development at the Institute and to share insights gleaned from the VMI programs with a broader national audience.

The Center’s new and innovative programs will initially focus on ensuring that the Institute realizes the full poten- tial of the leadership and character development experi- ences available to the Corps of Cadets. In time, the Institute will use the Center’s capabilities to offer programs in leadership and ethics to a broader national audience.

For more information go to www.vmi.org

The independent Marshall Foundation is a living memorial to the man Winston Churchill called “the organizer of victory.” The Foundation, with its museum, library, and archives, is the place where the ideals and values that shaped and motivated Marshall are kept alive.

The Foundation exists to perpetuate Marshall’s leadership qualities and ex- emplary character through its educational and international programs, Web site, and facilities that offer a wide range of resources and materials for use by the general public, amateur historians, scholars and students of all ages.

For more information go to www.marshallfoundation.org

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