77 th Annual Meeting SOCIETY FOR MILITARY HISTORY CausesCauses Lost Lost & Won May 20-23, 2010 HostedHosted by by VirginiaVirginia Military Military Institute Institute and and GeorgeGeorge C. C. Marshall Marshall Foundation Foundation On behalf of Virginia Military Institute and the George C. Marshall Foundation we welcome you to Lexington for the 77th Annual Meeting of the Society for Military History. We are pleased to host the event this year. WELCOME The Society is important to both our organizations, both of which are deeply rooted in history wedded to the ex- traordinary work of the Society. The Journal of Military History is published by the Society for Military History, the Virginia Military Institute, and the Marshall Founda- tion. All three organizations share a deep connection with George C. Marshall. He graduated from VMI in 1901 as First Captain of the Corps of Cadets; the Marshall Foun- dation preserves and promotes his legacy, and the Society for Military History sponsors the annual George C. Marshall Lecture. We encourage you to walk through the VMI Post and to explore the charm of historic Lexington during your visit. A college town that’s probably similar to many of your own, Lexington enjoys a proud legacy associated with George Washington, Stonewall Jackson, and Robert E. Lee, extraordinary leaders of their day as well. Please enjoy yourself while you are here. We look forward to meeting you and to spending the next few days together. General J.H. Binford Peay III Brian D. Shaw U.S. Army (Retired) President Superintendent, George C. Marshall Foundation Virginia Military Institute Society for Military History 77 th Annual Meeting Causes Lost & Won May 20-23, 2010 Lexington, Virginia table of contents SMH Officers . 2 SMHTrustees ......................2 Journal of Military History . 3 Meeting Committees . 4 KeynoteSpeaker ....................5 Special anks . 6 Field Trips . 6 Map of VMI Post . 7 Shuttle Bus Schedule . 8 MapofLexington ...................8 List of Restaurants . 9 Meeting Schedule . 10 PanelSchedule.....................12 Sessions & Panels . 14 List of Exhibitors . 44 HallofValor ......................44 MapofExhibitHall ................45 Advertisements . 46 Call for Papers 2011 . 60 THE SOCIETY FOR MILITARY HISTORY Officers President ....................................BrianM.Linn Vice President . Joseph T. Glatthaar ExecutiveDirector ...........................RobertH.Berlin Treasurer ...............................GrahamA.Cosmas Journal Editor . Bruce Vandervort Recording Secretary and Photographer . omas Morgan Webmaster and Newsletter Editor . Kurt Hackemer Archivist ..................................PaulA.omsen Board of Trustees Terms Expiring in 2011 Terms Expiring in 2013 John F. Guilmartin, Jr. Tami Biddle Reina Pennington Sebastian Cox Brian Holden Reid Kelly DeVries Jennifer Speelman David W. Hogan James Willbanks Gregory Urwin Mitchell Yockelson Kathleen Broome Williams Regional Coordinators REGION I: EUROPE, AFRICA, ................DavidIanHall MIDDLE EAST REGION II: EASTERN CANADA, .............SamuelWatson NEW YORK AND NEW ENGLAND REGION III: MID-ATLANTIC . Randy Papadopoulos REGION IV: SOUTH . Dr. Frederick C. Schneid REGION V: MIDWEST ..................Dr.DavidFitzpatrick REGION VI: GREAT PLAINS ................JosephFitzharris REGION VII: SOUTHWEST ...................SusannahUral REGION VIII: PACIFIC COAST ..................ToBeFilled REGION IX: PACIFIC . Brian Farrell (Asia, Australia) 2 JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY The Journal of Military History, the quarterly journal of the Society for Military History is published by the George C. Marshall Foundation and Virginia Military Institute. It has included scholarly articles on the military history of all eras and geographical areas since 1937. The Journal is fully refereed. It publishes articles, book reviews, a list of recent articles dealing with military history published by other journals, an annual list of doctoral dissertations in military history, and an annual index. Editorial Staff Editor ....................................BruceVandervort Managing Editor . James R. Arnold Managing Editor . Roberta Wiener AssistantEditor ................................AnneS.Wells Assistant Editor . Blair P. Turner Office Manager . Wendy Vandervort Editorial Advisory Board Timothy Nenninger, Chair William T. Allison Susannah Ural John Sebastian Cox John P. Dunn Stephen M. Miller Spencer C. Tucker Janet G. Valentine Mark K. Wells 3 MEETING COMMITTEES PROgRAm COmmiTTEE Gregory J. W. Urwin, Committee Chair Timothy Dowling, Program Coordinator Ricardo A. Herrera Michael V. Leggiere Sarah C. Melville Malcolm “Kip” Muir David Silbey Heather Marie Stur Ingo Trauschweizer AwARdS COmmiTTEE Ethan Rafuse, Chair George Satterfield Adrian Lewis Rob Citino Pete Kindsvatter COffmAn AwARd COmmiTTEE Roger Spiller Jerry Cooper Jennie Kiesling wEiglEy & ABC-CliO AwARdS COmmiTTEE Katherine K. Reist George Rable Frank J. Wetta 4 KEYNOTE ADDRESS Thomas E. Ricks Senior fellow, Center for New American Security Contributing editor, Foreign Policy magazine Special military correspondent, The Washington Post Author, Fiasco and The Gamble, about Iraq Thomas Ricks is the author of Fiasco: The American Military Adventure in Iraq, 2003-05, which was a No. 1 New York Times bestseller and a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize in 2007. His second book on that war, The Gamble: General Petraeus and the American Military Adventure in Iraq, 2006-08, was published in February 2009, and became a New York Times bestseller. He wrote Making the Corps, which won the Washington Monthly's “Political Book of the Year” award. In addition to his newspaper work, he has written on defense matters for the Atlantic Monthly and other publications. His first novel, A Soldier's Duty, about the U.S. military intervening in Afghanistan, was published by Random House in June 2001—some four months before the U.S. actually did intervene there. He covered the U.S. military for the Washington Post from 2000 through 2008. (Until the end of 1999 he had the same beat at the Wall Street Journal, where he was a reporter for 17 years.) He has reported on U.S. military activities in Somalia, Haiti, Korea, Bosnia, Kosovo, Macedonia, Kuwait, Turkey, Afghanistan and Iraq. In January 2009 he joined the Center for a New American Security, where he serves as a coun- selor and is researching the history of American officership, in particular the Ameri- can idea of what a general should do and be. He became a contributing editor for Foreign Policy magazine, for which he writes a blog called “The Best Defense.” Born in Massachusetts in 1955, he grew up in New York and Afghanistan and grad- uated magna cum laude from Yale in 1977. He now lives in Silver Spring, Maryland, with his wife. For recreation he enjoys whitewater kayaking, downhill skiing and reading military history. He is a member of the Inter-University Seminar on Armed Forces and Society, the Society for Military History, and the International Institute for Strategic Studies. 5 SPECIAL THANKS Virginia Military Institute VMI Center for Leadership and Ethics George C. Marshall Foundation Hunter Defense Technologies Lexington and Rockbridge Visitor Center New Market Battlefield State Historical Park The National D-Day Memorial Foundation FIELD TRIPS field Trip to the national d-day memorial, Bedford, Virginia friday, may 21st, 1:30–5:30 pm The lessons and legacy of D-Day are remembered and preserved at the National D- Day Memorial. This is a place where visitors discover and recognize the worthy service of those who answer duty’s call and a place where gravity and dignity are hallmarks. Led by Col. William A. McIntosh, D-Day Memorial Foundation presi- dent, this personal tour will include one hour at the memorial site and one hour to walk around the grounds and gift shop. Staff Ride: Executive director’s Tour of new market Battlefield State Historical Park, new market, Virginia Saturday, may 22nd, 12:00–5:00 pm (lunch provided) The core area of this pivotal battle fought on 15 May 1864 has been owned and in- terpreted by VMI since 1964. The crossroads village of New Market became a bat- tlefield when Confederate MG John Breckinridge, former Vice President of the United States, turned back the advancing Union Army under German born MG Franz Sigel. In an effort to bolster his slight numbers, Breckinridge called out the VMI Cadet Corps which found itself in the center of the fight at the pivotal mo- ment. Victory was determined by their actions. The tour will be conducted by COL Keith Gibson and the staff of the battlefield park. In addition to a discussion of the evolution of the battle and leadership principles demonstrated, the group will also explore civilian experience as revealed by the Bushong family on whose farm the battle played out. 6 MAP OF VMI POST US 11 Lexington Bypass 8 7 6 5 PARADE GROUND 3 to Lexington 1 2 4 MAP KEY & SESSION LOCATIONS 1. George C. Marshall Museum 4. Shuttle Stop Sessions: Marshall Library Thursday: noon–10:00 pm Sessions: Pogue Auditorium Friday: 7:30 am–11:00 pm 2. Marshall Hall Saturday: 7:30 am–11:00 pm Center for Leadership & Ethics Sunday: 7:30 am–1:00 pm Sessions: Shenandoah 5. Preston Library & Monuments Sessions: New Market 6. VMI Museum Sessions: Gillis Theater Jackson Memorial Hall 3. Moody Hall 7. Barracks Sessions: Activities Room, 1st Floor Sessions: Board Room, 2nd Floor 8. VMI Hospital 7 SHUTTLE BUS SCHEDULE Shuttles buses will be available for attendees during the conference. Parking on Post is limited, particularly