DOCSLIB.ORG

Elements of Romanian Spirituality in the Balkans – Aromanian Magazines and Almanacs (1880-1914)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Elements of Romanian Spirituality in the Balkans – Aromanian Magazines and Almanacs (1880-1914) SECTION: JOURNALISM LDMD I ELEMENTS OF ROMANIAN SPIRITUALITY IN THE BALKANS – AROMANIAN MAGAZINES AND ALMANACS (1880-1914) Stoica LASCU, Associate Professor, PhD, ”Ovidius” University of Constanța Abstract: Integral parts of the Balkan Romanian spirituality in the modern age, Aromanian magazines and almanacs are priceless sources for historians and linguists. They clearly shape the Balkan dimension of Romanism until the break of World War I, and present facts, events, attitudes, and representative Balkan Vlachs, who expressed themselves as Balkan Romanians, as proponents of Balkan Romanianism. Frăţilia intru dreptate [“The Brotherhood for Justice”]. Bucharest: 1880, the first Aromanian magazine; Macedonia. Bucharest: 1888 and 1889, the earliest Aromanian literary magazine, subtitled Revista românilor din Peninsula Balcanică [“The Magazine of the Romanians from the Balkan Peninsula”]; Revista Pindul (“The Pindus Magazine”). Bucharest: 1898-1899, subtitled Tu limba aromânească [“In Aromanian Language”]; Frăţilia [“The Brotherhood”]. Bitolia- Buchaerst: 1901-1903, the first Aromanian magazine in European Turkey was published by intellectuals living and working in Macedonia; Lumina [“The Light”]: Monastir/Bitolia- Bucharest: 1903-1908, the most long-standing Aromanian magazine, edited in Macedonia, at Monastir (Bitolia), in Romanian, although some literary creations were written in the Aromanian dialect, and subtitled Revista populară a românilor din Imperiul Otoman (“The People’s Magazine for Romanians in the Ottoman Empire”) and Revista poporană a românilor din dreapta Dunărei [“The People’s Magazine of the Romanians on the Right Side of the Danube”]; Grai bun [“Good Language”]. Bucharest, 1906-1907, subtitled Revistă aromânească [Aromanian Magazine]; Viaţa albano-română [“The Albano-Romaninan Life”]. Bucharest: 1909-1910; Lilicea Pindului [“The Pindus’s Flower”]. Bucharest: 1910- 1912, subtitled Revistă aromânească [“Aromanian Magazine”]; Revista balcanică [“The Balkan Magazine”]. Bucharest: 1911, subtitled Organ al intereselor româneşti în Orient (“Organ of Romanian Interests in the Orient”); Flambura [“The Banner”]. Caraferia/Veria: 1912, 1914; Revista Asociaţiei Corpului Didactic şi Bisericesc din Macedonia [“The Magazine of the Association of Teachers and Ecclesiastical Romanian Body from Macedonia”]. Thessaloniki: 1914. From 1900 to 1912 several Aromanian almanacs appeared, the earliest in Constantza, in 1900, the others, in Bucharest: 1901, 1902, 1903, 1909, 1910, 1911, 1912. Keywords: Aromanian Press, Aromanians, Macedo-Romanians, Balkan Romanians, Theodor Capidan, Nuşi Tulliu The Aromanians are the Balkan descendents of the Romanity world (Istoria Românilor VI 107-108; Saramandu 2004 9-80; Tanaşoca 2004² 9-24; Poghirc 43-44; Brezeanu 24-30; Winnifrith 74-87), as the Daco-Romanians are the Northern descendents of the Romanity world (Brezeanu, Zbuchea 7-22); they are also called Macedo-Romanians (respectively, the Romanians from Macedonia, the European side of the Ottoman Empire, divided in 1913 between Serbia, Bulgaria and Greece). Following the Thracian’s romanization process, the unity of the Eastern Romanity world has been broken starting with the 7th century AD, once the Slaves have settled down on the Southern side of Danube. The Aromanians have settled down the Balkan Peninsula (Tanaşoca 2001 97-98; Saramandu 2003 137-140; Bardu 1993 16-17), and, nowdays (Saramandu 2004 81-92; Kahl, passim), they are to be found in Greece (Winnifrith 9-25), Albania (Kyçyku 295-301), 15 SECTION: JOURNALISM LDMD I Macedonia (Trifunovski 337-347; Минов, passim), Bulgaria (Popescu, Balkanski 36-42), respectively Romania (Lascu 2005) – in especially in Dobrudja (Saramandu 2003 11-37; Cuşa passim; Magiru 5-22; Lascu 2004; Lascu 2009¹). In the latter half of the nineteenth century, and until World War I, the national-cultural movement of Aromanians (Vlachs) became gradually larger, circumscribed to their ethno-linguistic awakening; as descendants of Balkan Romanity, more and more of them start identifying themselves as belonging to the Balkans branch of the Romanian people – Balkan Romanians (Tanaşoca 2004² 25-38; Bara 2004 13). Starting with the 17-th century, the Romanian chroniclers and humanists (from Walachia and Moldavia) begin to incllude among the branches of the Romanian nation, the one from the Balkan Peninsula, and later on the leading representatives of the Transylvanian Cultural Society will integrate the history of Balkan Romanity into the Romanian one, having become awake of the ethno-linguistic communion between the Daco-Romanians and the Aromanians, as well as of the Eastern Romanity as it fallows, while Aromanian intellectuals begin to release scientifical works under the favourable influence of the Transylvanian Enlightenment (Tanaşoca 2001 150-152; Lascu 2012 45-100). During the first decades of the 19-th century, the Romanians from the Principalities get into direct contact with the “Aurelian’s” Romanians settled in these parts, and subsequently the 1848 generation will come to know them in their own existence territories and incorporate them within the panromanians (Tanaşoca 2004² 31-34; Lascu 2013 51-64). The earliest to have the revelation of the blood communion with the descendents of North Danubian Romanity was Dimitrie Cozacovici (Lascu 2012-2013 88-90). In the 1830s, he settled in Wallachia, and by mid-century published a number of articles in the press of Bucharest, in which he developed the idea of ethnic and linguistic affinity between the two branches of Eastern Romanity (Saramandu 2004 passim), between the Balkans one, that is the Aromanians, and North Danubian one, that is the Daco-Romanians (Bardu 1994 XVI-XVII; Caragiu-Marioţeanu 2006 83-97). During the second half of the 19-th century, the Balkan branches of the Romanian nation undergo a significant national revival, given the background of a maturing self-existing ethnical conscience within the mixture of nations in the European Turkey. Benefiting thoroughly from the creation of the modern Romanian by the 1859 Union of the Principalities, our Balkan brothers – recte, the Aromanians – become increasingly aware that their survival as a nation is likely to get the only support through Romania´s action, an independent country now since 1878 (Istoria Românilor VII, tom I 798-799). After 1860, from among the Aromanians, who having settled in the country and integrated into the social and economic life of Romanian society, as merchants, land owners, bailiffs (some of them were even elected to parliament) – there emerged personalities who vigorously pleaded for institutional organization that would assist their co-ethnics from the Balkan Peninsula in the process of developing national consciousness (Zbuchea 1999 48-50; Documentele redeşteptării macedoromâne, passim). Representatives of Romanian public life, political leaders, and men of culture, adhered to this initiative (Tanaşoca 2004² 35-36). Consequently, in 1864, the first Romanian school opened in Macedonia, through the efforts of a self-taught Aromanian tailor, Dimitrie Athanasescu. From the Pindus Mountains, Aromanian youth (about Dumitru Badralexi – Tanaşoca 2004¹), were sent to Bucharest by Father Averchie (Papacostea: 38-55; Cândroveanu 4 353-354) for training (Neagu 111-124). Later, they opened several Romanian schools in the Vlach communities in the Balkans 16 SECTION: JOURNALISM LDMD I (Tanaşoca 2004²: 211-223; Berciu-Drăghicescu 40-44; Istoria Românilor VII, tom I 799-800). Their number dramatically increased after 1878, when, through an official act, the Ottoman authorities chartered Romanian schools, and guaranteed Aromanians unhindered performance of religious service in “their own language”. About the same time, Romanian society became growingly aware of the existence of their consanguine in European Turkey, in particular, “the Romanians in Macedonia”, or “the Macedo-Romanians”. Articles and books began to be published, and the necessity for ever larger funds to be allotted to the above-mentioned schools was ever more frequently invoked in the Romanian Parliament. At the time the news of the founding of the first school in the Balkans was received with a lot of trust and hope for the future by the leading public representatives; Mihail Kogălniceanu wrote to Vasile A. Urechia, one of the initiators of Romanian schools at South of the Danube: “Keep on, my friend! The awaking of the Romanian element in Macedonia will ensure a highly reinforcement factor to Romania”; Ion C. Brătianu was also pointing out on the same occasion: “The revival of the Romanians from Macedonia will make Turkey stronger, and we, despite all Turkey’s errors, need to make them stronger, for, by doing this, we make ourselves stronger!” Gradually the Romanian diplomacy gets more systematically interested in the fate of the Balkan Romanians, in an international context in which the states from hat area (Greece, Serbia, Bulgaria – the latter gaining its independence as late as 1908) show justified interest in the existence of their co-nationals within the European Turkey and Macedonia, respectively. Each of these Balkan states – excepting the Romanian Kingdom – were manifesting sharp interests, uttered as such, in seizing of a territory as large as possible, from the fore coming division of the European inheritance following the fall of the Ottoman Empire (Zbuchea 1999 102-124; Tanaşoca 2001 161-163).The founding of the Societatea de Cultură Macedo-Română [Society for Macedo-Romanian Culture] in Bucharest, in 1879,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Romanian Language and Its Dialects
    Social Sciences ROMANIAN LANGUAGE AND ITS DIALECTS Ana-Maria DUDĂU1 ABSTRACT: THE ROMANIAN LANGUAGE, THE CONTINUANCE OF THE LATIN LANGUAGE SPOKEN IN THE EASTERN PARTS OF THE FORMER ROMAN EMPIRE, COMES WITH ITS FOUR DIALECTS: DACO- ROMANIAN, AROMANIAN, MEGLENO-ROMANIAN AND ISTRO-ROMANIAN TO COMPLETE THE EUROPEAN LINGUISTIC PALETTE. THE ROMANIAN LINGUISTS HAVE ALWAYS SHOWN A PERMANENT CONCERN FOR BOTH THE IDENTITY AND THE STATUS OF THE ROMANIAN LANGUAGE AND ITS DIALECTS, THUS SUPPORTING THE EXISTENCE OF THE ETHNIC, LINGUISTIC AND CULTURAL PARTICULARITIES OF THE MINORITIES AND REJECTING, FIRMLY, ANY ATTEMPT TO ASSIMILATE THEM BY FORCE KEYWORDS: MULTILINGUALISM, DIALECT, ASSIMILATION, OFFICIAL LANGUAGE, SPOKEN LANGUAGE. The Romanian language - the only Romance language in Eastern Europe - is an "island" of Latinity in a mainly "Slavic sea" - including its dialects from the south of the Danube – Aromanian, Megleno-Romanian and Istro-Romanian. Multilingualism is defined narrowly as the alternative use of several languages; widely, it is use of several alternative language systems, regardless of their status: different languages, dialects of the same language or even varieties of the same idiom, being a natural consequence of linguistic contact. Multilingualism is an Europe value and a shared commitment, with particular importance for initial education, lifelong learning, employment, justice, freedom and security. Romanian language, with its four dialects - Daco-Romanian, Aromanian, Megleno- Romanian and Istro-Romanian – is the continuance of the Latin language spoken in the eastern parts of the former Roman Empire. Together with the Dalmatian language (now extinct) and central and southern Italian dialects, is part of the Apenino-Balkan group of Romance languages, different from theAlpine–Pyrenean group2.
    [Show full text]
  • The Aromanians in Macedonia
    Macedonian Historical Review 3 (2012) Македонска историска ревија 3 (2012) EDITORIAL BOARD: Boban PETROVSKI, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Macedonia (editor-in-chief) Nikola ŽEŽOV, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Macedonia Dalibor JOVANOVSKI, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Macedonia Toni FILIPOSKI, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Macedonia Charles INGRAO, Purdue University, USA Bojan BALKOVEC, University of Ljubljana,Slovenia Aleksander NIKOLOV, University of Sofia, Bulgaria Đorđe BUBALO, University of Belgrade, Serbia Ivan BALTA, University of Osijek, Croatia Adrian PAPAIANI, University of Elbasan, Albania Oliver SCHMITT, University of Vienna, Austria Nikola MINOV, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Macedonia (editorial board secretary) ISSN: 1857-7032 © 2012 Faculty of Philosophy, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Skopje, Macedonia University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius - Skopje Faculty of Philosophy Macedonian Historical Review vol. 3 2012 Please send all articles, notes, documents and enquiries to: Macedonian Historical Review Department of History Faculty of Philosophy Bul. Krste Misirkov bb 1000 Skopje Republic of Macedonia http://mhr.fzf.ukim.edu.mk/ [email protected] TABLE OF CONTENTS 7 Nathalie DEL SOCORRO Archaic Funerary Rites in Ancient Macedonia: contribution of old excavations to present-day researches 15 Wouter VANACKER Indigenous Insurgence in the Central Balkan during the Principate 41 Valerie C. COOPER Archeological Evidence of Religious Syncretism in Thasos, Greece during the Early Christian Period 65 Diego PEIRANO Some Observations about the Form and Settings of the Basilica of Bargala 85 Denitsa PETROVA La conquête ottomane dans les Balkans, reflétée dans quelques chroniques courtes 95 Elica MANEVA Archaeology, Ethnology, or History? Vodoča Necropolis, Graves 427a and 427, the First Half of the 19th c.
    [Show full text]
  • On the Standardization of the Aromanian System of Writing
    ON THE STANDARDIZATION OF THE AROMANIAN SYSTEM OF WRITING The Bituli-Macedonia Symposium of August 1997 by Tiberius Cunia INTRODUCTION The Aromanians started writing in their language in a more systematic way, a little over 100 years ago, and the first writings were associated with the national movement that contributed to the opening of Romanian schools in Macedonia. Because of the belief, at that time, that the Aromanian is a dialect of the Romanian language, it was natural to use the Romanian alphabet as the basis of the system of writing. The six sounds that are found in the Aromanian but not in the literary Romanian language – the three Greek sounds, dhelta , ghamma and theta and the other three, dz , nj and lj (Italian sounds gn and gl ) – were written in many ways, according to the wishes of the various Aromanian writers themselves. No standard way of writing Aromanian, or any serious movement to standardize this writing existed at that time. And the Romanian Academy that establishes the official rules of writing the Romanian literary language, never concerned itself with the establishment of rules for writing its dialects, at least not to my knowledge. Consequently, what is presently known as the "traditional" system of writing Aromanian is actually a system that consists of (i) several "traditional" alphabets in which several characters have diacritical signs, not always the same, and (ii) different ways for writing the same words. The reader interested in the various alphabets of the Aromanian language – including the Moscopoli era, the classical period (associated with the Romanian schools in Macedonia) and the most recent contemporary one – is referred to a long article published in Romanian in nine issues of the Aromanian monthly "Deşteptarea – Revista Aromânilor " from Bucharest (from Year 4, Number 5, May 1993 to Year 5, Number 1, January 1994), where the author, G.
    [Show full text]
  • 1Daskalov R Tchavdar M Ed En
    Entangled Histories of the Balkans Balkan Studies Library Editor-in-Chief Zoran Milutinović, University College London Editorial Board Gordon N. Bardos, Columbia University Alex Drace-Francis, University of Amsterdam Jasna Dragović-Soso, Goldsmiths, University of London Christian Voss, Humboldt University, Berlin Advisory Board Marie-Janine Calic, University of Munich Lenard J. Cohen, Simon Fraser University Radmila Gorup, Columbia University Robert M. Hayden, University of Pittsburgh Robert Hodel, Hamburg University Anna Krasteva, New Bulgarian University Galin Tihanov, Queen Mary, University of London Maria Todorova, University of Illinois Andrew Wachtel, Northwestern University VOLUME 9 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/bsl Entangled Histories of the Balkans Volume One: National Ideologies and Language Policies Edited by Roumen Daskalov and Tchavdar Marinov LEIDEN • BOSTON 2013 Cover Illustration: Top left: Krste Misirkov (1874–1926), philologist and publicist, founder of Macedo- nian national ideology and the Macedonian standard language. Photographer unknown. Top right: Rigas Feraios (1757–1798), Greek political thinker and revolutionary, ideologist of the Greek Enlightenment. Portrait by Andreas Kriezis (1816–1880), Benaki Museum, Athens. Bottom left: Vuk Karadžić (1787–1864), philologist, ethnographer and linguist, reformer of the Serbian language and founder of Serbo-Croatian. 1865, lithography by Josef Kriehuber. Bottom right: Şemseddin Sami Frashëri (1850–1904), Albanian writer and scholar, ideologist of Albanian and of modern Turkish nationalism, with his wife Emine. Photo around 1900, photo- grapher unknown. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Entangled histories of the Balkans / edited by Roumen Daskalov and Tchavdar Marinov. pages cm — (Balkan studies library ; Volume 9) Includes bibliographical references and index.
    [Show full text]
  • Teaching Slavic History in Romania in 2017
    Studia Slavica et Balcanica Petropolitana ББК 63.3(0)5; УДК 94(498); DOI 10.21638/11701/spbu19.2017.211 R. Mârza TEACHING SLAVIC HISTORY IN ROMANIA IN 2017 My contribution relies on my experience of more than ten years in teaching a university course of Slavic history in Romania. The course and seminar are entitled «The Slavs and Slavonism in the Medieval and Early Modern History of the Romanians» [«Slavii şi slavonismul în istoria medievală şi premodernă a românilor»]. It is a special course taught to third year students, BA level, at the History of Philosophy Faculty of the Babeş-Bolyai University in Cluj. For several years now, this teaching experience has led me to several questions regarding the opportunity of offering such a course from a didactic perspective, how it connects to the times we live in, the manner in which such a course should be prepared according to the education, expectations, and needs of our students. I continue to find answers to these questions throughout the years and on this occasion I shall attempt to formulate them. I will begin by presenting briefly the history of Slavic Studies in Romania, as an academic discipline. In Romania, scientific interest into Slavic Studies (Slavistics) dates back to the second half of the 19th century. Such interests appeared as a result of Romanian historiography, culture, and society becoming modern and mature. For almost a century (from the end of the 18th century until the mid-19th century), the historiography of the Enlightenment and of Romanticism have revealed the Latin historical and linguistic factors as fundamental, even exclusive ones in the formation of the Romanian people and language.
    [Show full text]
  • The Vlachs of Greece and Their Misunderstood History Helen Abadzi1 January 2004
    The Vlachs of Greece and their Misunderstood History Helen Abadzi1 January 2004 Abstract The Vlachs speak a language that evolved from Latin. Latin was transmitted by Romans to many peoples and was used as an international language for centuries. Most Vlach populations live in and around the borders of modern Greece. The word „Vlachs‟ appears in the Byzantine documents at about the 10th century, but few details are connected with it and it is unclear it means for various authors. It has been variously hypothesized that Vlachs are descendants of Roman soldiers, Thracians, diaspora Romanians, or Latinized Greeks. However, the ethnic makeup of the empires that ruled the Balkans and the use of the language as a lingua franca suggest that the Vlachs do not have one single origin. DNA studies might clarify relationships, but these have not yet been done. In the 19th century Vlach was spoken by shepherds in Albania who had practically no relationship with Hellenism as well as by urban Macedonians who had Greek education dating back to at least the 17th century and who considered themselves Greek. The latter gave rise to many politicians, literary figures, and national benefactors in Greece. Because of the language, various religious and political special interests tried to attract the Vlachs in the 19th and early 20th centuries. At the same time, the Greek church and government were hostile to their language. The disputes of the era culminated in emigrations, alienation of thousands of people, and near-disappearance of the language. Nevertheless, due to assimilation and marriages with Greek speakers, a significant segment of the Greek population in Macedonia and elsewhere descends from Vlachs.
    [Show full text]
  • The Fight for Balkan Latinity (II). the Aromanians After World War
    ISSN 2039-9340 Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 (11) November 2012 The Fight for Balkan Latinity (II). The Aromanians after World War Giuseppe Motta (Ph.D) Sapienza University of Rome Doi:10.5901/mjss.2012.v3n11p541 Abstract The article focuses on the Vlach question after the first World War, when the Balkan region was finally divided among the different national States and the Ottoman Empire collapsed. In this period the Aromanian communities had to find a new policy inside a new scenario and addressed towards different options represented by Albania, Italy and Romania. In a first time Vlachs also tried to create an autonomous principality of Pindus but this experience was short-lived and did not produce tangible results. On the contrary, during the interwar period the Vlachs consolidated their privileged relationship with Romania and established an influent group at Bucharest, where they partecipated to the internal political life even supporting the most radical movements such as Corneliu's Codreanu Iron Guard. Keywords: Aromanian, Vlach, Balkan, Albania, Romania. 1. Introduction. The Vlachs and the First World War. The history of the Vlachs in the Balkan regions was undoubtedly conditioned by the unstable and chaotic situation of the region, which during the troublesome period of the “Eastern Question” became a central area for the system of international relationships. The problems were particularly acute in the regions of Pindus, Epirus and Macedonia, and were naturally exacerbated by the constant atmosphere of war that the people of this area breathed for many years, at the end of XIX century and during the first decades of the XX.
    [Show full text]
  • Aromânii: Sub Semnul Risipirii?
    ACTA IASSYENSIA COMPARATIONIS 3/2005 NIKOLA VANGELI (student) Universitatea „Kiril i Metodij” Skopje Aromânii: sub semnul risipirii? Când este vorba de cultura şi civilizaţia unui popor, datele istorice reprezintă un cadru necesar (nu şi suficient). Scrisă sau rostită, istoria se referă la timpul trecut. Ea fixează şi dă formă realităţii, ajutînd-o să devină obiect de studiu. Cultura aromână este, în primul rând, o cultură orală. Primele sale scrieri istorice datează abia din secolul al XIX-lea. Se poate trage, oare, concluzia că aromânii sunt un popor fără istorie? În genere, „cu/fără istorie” este echivalent cu „a avea/a nu avea istorie scrisă”. Avantajul istoriei scrise este că prezintă urme palpabile, vizibile, ale trecutului. Şi istoria orală lasă urme, dar acestea sunt ascunse; trebuie să fim bine pregătiţi şi foarte atenţi ca să le putem descoperi. Istoria scrisă apare o dată cu întemeierea aşezărilor urbane şi se referă la un teritoriu bine precizat. În această perspectivă, dezinteresul aromânilor pentru istoria scrisă pare să aibă o explicaţie: nu şi-au scris istoria pentru că niciodată nu au avut o ţară a lor proprie, un teritoriu bine delimitat, de care să aparţină – cu toate că mereu s-au considerat români, iar limba şi-au considerat-o un grai desprins din trunchiul comun din care s-a dezvoltat şi limba română1. Numeroase izvoare scrise din ţările Peninsulei Balcanice îi pomenesc pe aromâni, dar totdeauna scriu cu mare rezervă despre ei şi le dau foarte puţină importanţă. Pe aromâni îi menţionează cronicarii bizantini (Nicetas Choniates; Pakymeres; Laonikos Chalkokondylas), cronicarii francezi (Geoffroi de Villehardouin; Henry de Valenciennes), cronicarul catalan Ramon Muntaner, călători din timpuri mai vechi şi mai noi (Benjamin de Tudela; Pierre Belon du Mans; Pouqueville – fost consul al lui Napoleon Bonaparte pe lângă Ali Paşa din Ianina; colonelul William Martin-Leake), savanţi (Alan J.
    [Show full text]
  • A Contribution to the History of Romance Linguistics – the Şcoala Lingvistică Din Cluj-Napoca
    Studii de ştiinţă şi cultură Volumul VII, Nr. 2, iunie 2011 A Contribution to the History of Romance Linguistics – the Şcoala lingvistică din Cluj-Napoca Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der Romanistik – die Şcoala lingvistică din Cluj-Napoca O contribuţie la istoria lingvisticii romanice – Şcoala lingvistică din Cluj-Napoca Rudolf WINDISCH Universität Rostock, Philosophische Fakultät, Germania Abstract We intend to give a summary of the linguistic contributions of the most important rumanian scholars in the field of General, Romance and Rumanian Linguistics from the twentieth century to our days. Rezumat Intenţionăm să oferim un rezumat al contribuţiilor lingvistice ale celor mai importanţi cărturari români în domeniul lingvisticii generale, romanice şi româneşti, din secolul al XX-lea şi până azi. Key words: Diachronic studies and Rumanian linguistics within the context of romance linguistics; contact-phenomena between Rumanian and the ‘Balkan-Languages’; Rumanian dialect-studies; Rumanian as representative of the ‘Oriental Latinity’ Cuvinte cheie: studii diacronice şi lingvistică românească în contextul lingvisticii romanice; fenomene de contact între limba română şi limbile «balcanice»; studii dialectale româneşti; limba română care reprezantată a « latinităţii orientale» I. Theodor CAPIDAN (1879-1953) II. Vasile BOGREA (1881-1926) III. George GIUGLEA (1884-1967) IV. Nicolae DRĂGANU (1884-1939) V. Emil PETROVICI (1899-1968) VI. Sever POP (1901-1961) I. Theodor CAPIDAN (1879-1953). Auch CAPIDAN bewegte sich, thematisch-methodisch, auf demselben
    [Show full text]
  • |N Loc De Prefa}+
    325 1 Nicolae-Şerban Tanaşoca BALCANOLOGI ŞI BIZANTINIŞTI ROMÂNI SUMAR CUVÂNT ÎNAINTE DESPRE SENSUL ŞI ROSTURILE BALCANOLOGIEI GEORGE MURNU (1868-1957) Un istoric al românilor balcanici Ioan I. Bogdan şi George Murnu în scrisori NICOLAE BĂ NESCU (1878-1971) Bizanţ ul v ă zut de la Dun ă rea de Jos THEODOR CAPIDAN (1879-1953) Istoria în viziunea unui lingvist VICTOR PAPACOSTEA (1900-1962) O viaţă dedicat ă balcanologiei şi solidarit ăţ ii balcanice 1 325 2 CUVÂNT ÎNAINTE DESPRE SENSUL ŞI ROSTURILE BALCANOLOGIEI 2 325 3 Balcanologia, ştiinţ a dedicat ă cunoaşterii Peninsulei Balcanice ∗ sau Sud-Est Europene , poate fi definită ca studiul sistematic, comparat şi interdisciplinar al lumii balcanice sau sud-est europene, sub aspectul unităţ ii ei în diversitate. Ea este rodul unei îndelungate evoluţ ii a studiilor de geografie, istorie, etnografie şi lingvistic ă balcanică , practicate atât în Europa occidental ă , cât şi în lumea balcanică îns ă şi. Bizantinistul grec Dionysios Zakythinos, care i-a schiţ at, în 1970, istoria, a ar ă tat ce anume datoreaz ă aceast ă complexă disciplin ă ştiin ţ ific ă treptatei redescoperiri a lumii balcanice de că tre înv ăţ a ţ ii europeni, pe m ă sura expansiunii civiliza ţ iei occidentale că tre R ă s ă rit şi ce anume n ă zuin ţ ei popoarelor balcanice de a-şi regă si şi reafirma identitatea, ca na ţ iuni libere, în procesul emancipă rii lor de sub domina ţ ia otoman ă . În Introducerea programatică a revistei interna ţ ionale ”Balcania”, un text mai curând uitat astă zi, ca şi în alte pagini teoretice, istoricul român Victor Papacostea a fă cut cea mai complet ă şi mai clar ă expunere a principiilor, metodelor şi obiectivelor balcanologiei.
    [Show full text]
  • Arhive Personale Şi Familiale
    Arhive personale şi familiale Vol. II Repertoriu arhivistic Arhivele Nationale ale Romaniei ISBN 973-8308-08-9 Arhivele Nationale ale Romaniei ARHIVELE NAŢIONALE ALE ROMÂNIEI Arhive personale şi familiale Vol. II Repertoriu arhivistic Autor: Filofteia Rînziş Bucureşti 2002 Arhivele Nationale ale Romaniei ● Redactor: Alexandra Ioana Negreanu ● Indici de arhive, antroponimic, toponimic: Florica Bucur ● Culegere computerizată: Filofteia Rînziş ● Tehnoredactare şi corectură: Nicoleta Borcea ● Coperta: Filofteia Rînziş, Steliana Dănăilescu ● Coperta 1: Scrisori: Nicolae Labiş către Sterescu, 3 sept.1953; André Malraux către Jean Ajalbert, <1923>; Augustin Bunea, 1 iulie 1909; Alexandre Dumas, fiul, către un prieten. ● Coperta 4: Elena Văcărescu, Titu Maiorescu şi actriţa clujeană Maria Cupcea Arhivele Nationale ale Romaniei CUPRINS Introducere ...................................................................... 7 Lista abrevierilor ............................................................ 22 Arhive personale şi familiale .......................................... 23 Bibliografie ...................................................................... 275 Indice de arhive ............................................................... 279 Indice antroponimic ........................................................ 290 Indice toponimic............................................................... 339 Arhivele Nationale ale Romaniei Arhivele Nationale ale Romaniei INTRODUCERE Cel de al II-lea volum al lucrării Arhive personale şi familiale
    [Show full text]
  • Tools for Building a Corpus to Study the Historical and Geographical
    Tools for Building a Corpus to Study the Historical and Geographical Variation of the Romanian Language Victoria Bobicev Cat˘ alina˘ Mar˘ anduc˘ Cenel Augusto Perez Technical University “Al. I. Cuza” University, Al. I. Cuza University, of Moldova Iasi, Romania Ias¸i, Romania Chis¸inau˘ Institute of Linguistics [email protected] Republic of Moldova “Iorgu Iordan Al. Rosetti” victoria [email protected] Bucharest, Romania − [email protected] Abstract tion, between which there are 5,723 sentences in old Romanian and 1,230 sentences in regional Contemporary standard language corpora variants of the Romanian. are ideal for NLP. There are few morpho- If we know the non-standard, regional or ear- logically and syntactically annotated cor- lier forms, we can understand the laws of natural pora for Romanian, and those existing or language evolution; we can know how it functions in progress only deal with the Contem- in the communication and process it. The use of porary Romanian standard. However, the Old or Regional Romanian should not be judged necessity to study the dynamics of natu- as mistaken reporting them to the standard rules, ral languages gave rise to balanced cor- but it is in accordance with other rules which we pora, containing non-standard texts. In must discover. this paper, we describe the creation of Linguists are increasingly interested in the tools for processing non-standard Roma- study of old languages with modern tools and their nian to build a big balanced corpus. We demand for old language processing tools is grow- want to preserve in annotated form as ing worldwide.
    [Show full text]