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Singapore's Chinese-Speaking and Their Perspectives on Merger
Chinese Southern Diaspora Studies, Volume 5, 2011-12 南方華裔研究雜志, 第五卷, 2011-12 “Flesh and Bone Reunite as One Body”: Singapore’s Chinese- speaking and their Perspectives on Merger ©2012 Thum Ping Tjin* Abstract Singapore’s Chinese speakers played the determining role in Singapore’s merger with the Federation. Yet the historiography is silent on their perspectives, values, and assumptions. Using contemporary Chinese- language sources, this article argues that in approaching merger, the Chinese were chiefly concerned with livelihoods, education, and citizenship rights; saw themselves as deserving of an equal place in Malaya; conceived of a new, distinctive, multiethnic Malayan identity; and rejected communist ideology. Meanwhile, the leaders of UMNO were intent on preserving their electoral dominance and the special position of Malays in the Federation. Finally, the leaders of the PAP were desperate to retain power and needed the Federation to remove their political opponents. The interaction of these three factors explains the shape, structure, and timing of merger. This article also sheds light on the ambiguity inherent in the transfer of power and the difficulties of national identity formation in a multiethnic state. Keywords: Chinese-language politics in Singapore; History of Malaya; the merger of Singapore and the Federation of Malaya; Decolonisation Introduction Singapore’s merger with the Federation of Malaya is one of the most pivotal events in the country’s history. This process was determined by the ballot box – two general elections, two by-elections, and a referendum on merger in four years. The centrality of the vote to this process meant that Singapore’s Chinese-speaking1 residents, as the vast majority of the colony’s residents, played the determining role. -
Polytechnicians and Technocrats: Sources, Limits, and Possibilities of Student Activism in 1970S Singapore
Southeast Asian Studies, Vol. 49, No. 2, September 2011 Polytechnicians and Technocrats: Sources, Limits, and Possibilities of Student Activism in 1970s Singapore Loh Kah Seng* Making a case for studying student activism outside of elite university students, this paper investigates the sources of polytechnic student activism in a tightly con- trolled society: 1970s Singapore. It seeks to find less obvious histories: the limits of state control, the relative openness of the city-state, and the identity and lived experiences of the polytechnicians. Through the writings and cartoons of the Sin- gapore Polytechnic Students’ Union, augmented by oral histories, the paper traces the contours of student activism as defined by everyday events as well as momen- tous experiences formed at the intersection between campus, national, and trans- national—particularly pan-Asian—developments. At the national level, the polytechnicians’ identity responded to the state’s instrumentalist view of students, which was to define the polytechnic student in a more expansive way, attacking student apathy toward social and political issues. Some student matters, such as protests against bus hikes, escalated into national issues, bringing the polytechnicians into encounters with state officials and politi- cians. Political surveillance caused fear and anxiety but also fostered a sense of injustice. Conversely, international contact, such as reading critical literature and participating in pan-Asian seminars, helped the polytechnicians place Singapore in an Asian context and plot themselves on a mental political spectrum. Reading was an experience: universal ideas in books enabled the students to contextualize local issues, just as everyday experiences in Singapore helped them locate the abstract. -
One Party Dominance Survival: the Case of Singapore and Taiwan
One Party Dominance Survival: The Case of Singapore and Taiwan DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Lan Hu Graduate Program in Political Science The Ohio State University 2011 Dissertation Committee: Professor R. William Liddle Professor Jeremy Wallace Professor Marcus Kurtz Copyrighted by Lan Hu 2011 Abstract Can a one-party-dominant authoritarian regime survive in a modernized society? Why is it that some survive while others fail? Singapore and Taiwan provide comparable cases to partially explain this puzzle. Both countries share many similar cultural and developmental backgrounds. One-party dominance in Taiwan failed in the 1980s when Taiwan became modern. But in Singapore, the one-party regime survived the opposition’s challenges in the 1960s and has remained stable since then. There are few comparative studies of these two countries. Through empirical studies of the two cases, I conclude that regime structure, i.e., clientelistic versus professional structure, affects the chances of authoritarian survival after the society becomes modern. This conclusion is derived from a two-country comparative study. Further research is necessary to test if the same conclusion can be applied to other cases. This research contributes to the understanding of one-party-dominant regimes in modernizing societies. ii Dedication Dedicated to the Lord, Jesus Christ. “Counsel and sound judgment are mine; I have insight, I have power. By Me kings reign and rulers issue decrees that are just; by Me princes govern, and nobles—all who rule on earth.” Proverbs 8:14-16 iii Acknowledgments I thank my committee members Professor R. -
Human Rights, Culture, and the Singapore Example
Human Rights, Culture, and the Singapore Example Simon S.C. Tay' Culture haunts the search fora system of human rights that La recherche d'un systame des droits de la personne rel- can truly be universal. Today, when we value cultural diversity, lement universel ne peut faire abstraction de la culture. Au- religious and regional factors have increasingly emerged as rea- jourd'hui, alors qu'est valoris6 la diversit6 culturelle, des facteurs sons for differences in human rights. In Asia, the main propo- religieux et rdgionaux apparaissent plus frdquemment pour crder nents for this cultural argument are governments representing des diffdrences en droit de la personne. En Asie, les partisans polyglot, largely multi-ethnic, modem capitalist societies. Singa- principaux de cet argument culturel sont des gouvemements qui porean representatives, dubbed "the Singapore school", have reprisentent des socidtds polyglottes, largement multi-ethniques, been prominent among them. These proponents say that Asian modemes et capitalistes. Parmi celles-ci, les representants de views and practices of human rights necessarily differ from those Singapour, sumomms .d' cle de Singapour jouent un rtle in the West because Asian culture differs. important. Ces partisans estiment que la notion et le respect des A closer look at the Singapore example demonstrates the droits de la personne en Asie diflgrent ndcessairement de reasons for which these characterizations may be rejected. The l'occident car la culture asiatique est diffdrente. 1996 CanLIIDocs 36 roots of Singaporean society are not originally and wholly Une 6tude plus approfondie de l'exemple de Singapour "Asian". Rather, they are a hybrid of colonial influences, includ- ddmontre les raisons pour lesquelles ces caractdrisations peuvent ing laws relating to fundamental civil and political liberties. -
Nanyang Technological University Semester 1 Examination 2015
Nanyang Technological University Semester 1 Examination 2015-2016 CV0002 – Engineers and Society November/December 2015 PYP Solution, Done By: Sabrina Woo Section A (Compulsory): 1. (a) i (b) ii (c) iii (d) ii (e) iv (f) i (g) iii (h) iii (i) i (j) ii Section B (Answer any two questions): 2(a). Settlers in US were extremely utilitarian – dissenters from established churches. Saw knowledge as a commodity to satisfy human needs – a frontier spirit of inventiveness American entrepreneurs designed industrial equipment that reduced their dependence on labour American engineers took the lead in machine shop techniques to develop effective grinding and milling machines American system of manufacture was characterised by highly standardized products of interchangeable parts. The early American Republic leaders recognized the need to encourage domestic manufacture, especially basic military equipment. Expansion of American railroads opened up national markets for machine tools. Lesson learnt: Ability to think ahead, self-sufficiency 2(b). Singapore’s small population and hence its limited pool of local Research Scientists and Engineers (RSEs) requires a multi-pronged approach to be adopted for its manpower development, namely: 1) The Grooming of Local R&D Manpower 2) The Reliance on Foreign Talents 3) Internationalization 1) The Grooming of Local R&D Manpower Measures to boost the local pool of researchers include raising the profile of RSEs and the R&D career so that more local talents will take up R&D jobs. A holistic approach will be adopted to address the entire spectrum of R&D manpower development. Primary Education – cultivate an interest in science and to participate in the Tan Kah Kee Young Inventors’ Award. -
Why Are Some Nations Rich and Others Poor?
Why are some nations rich and others poor? A comparative analysis of Singapore and Indonesia’s institutional development between 1965 and 1998 Bachelor thesis Political Science: International Relations & Organisations Leiden University: Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences Author: K. de Hek, s1645625 Supervisor: Dr. F. de Zwart Date: 18/06/2018 Word count: 8383 Introduction Why are some nations rich and others poor? One influential contemporary theory has linked economic development to inclusive institutions (Acemoglu & Robinson, 2013). According to this theory, countries differ in their economic success because of their different institutions. Countries with institutions that are more inclusive tend to be more prosperous. Furthermore, Acemoglu and Robinson highlight the negative impact of colonialism on the development of the institutions of post-colonial societies. Importantly, they make a distinction between political and economic institutions. They argue that inclusive political institutions are a prerequisite for inclusive economic institutions. Despite this, they recognize the interaction between the two, as we can observe in the following statement: Inclusive economic institutions provide foundations upon which inclusive political institutions can flourish, while inclusive political institutions can restrict deviations away from inclusive economic institutions. (Acemoglu & Robinson, 2013, p.324) Inclusive economic institutions, which will be analysed in more detail below, are economic institutions that are designed in such a way that all subsets of society can benefit from them in a relatively equal way. Extractive economic institutions are, on the other hand, designed to “extract income and wealth from one subset of society to benefit a different subset” (Acemoglu & Robinson, 2013, p.75). Moreover, extractive political institutions have been defined as institutions that “concentrate power in the hands of a small elite and create a high risk of expropriation for the majority of the population” (Acemoglu, Johnson & Robinson, 2002, p.1235). -
News Flows in Singapore
Culture and Communication News Flows in Singapore “From Third World to First”: The Development of Disseminating News Towards a “More Just and More Efficient Information Order” Dissertation zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades doctor philosophiae (Dr. phil.) eingereicht an der Philosophischen Fakultaet III der Humboldt-Universitaet zu Berlin von Carl Alexander Haentzschel geboren am 26. August 1975 in Mainz wohnhaft in Carl-Herz-Ufer 23, 10961 Berlin Matrikelnummer 138905 Praesident der Humboldt-Universitaet zu Berlin Prof. Dr. Christoph Markschies Dekan der Philosophischen Fakultaet III Prof. Dr. Thomas Macho Gutachter: 1. Prof. Dr. Thomas Macho 2. Prof. Dr. Hans J. Kleinsteuber Datum der muendlichen Pruefung: 22.08.2007 Druckversion Culture and Communication News Flows in Singapore “From Third World to First”: The Development of Disseminating News Towards a “More Just and More Efficient Information Order” Content Page 1. Introduction 1.1 Subject of this dissertation 9 1.1.1 Restraints of the subject 13 1.1.2 Relevance of the thesis 14 1.2 Structure and methods 15 1.2.1 Availability of data 16 1.2.2 Selection of sources 17 2. Definitions 2.1 Definitions of culture-related terms 19 2.2 Definitions of communication-related terms 22 2.3 Definitions of media-related terms 24 3. Retrospection 3.1 Origins of the discussions about news flows 27 3.1.1 The discussions in the 1970s and 1980s 30 3.1.2 The role of UNESCO in the discussions 34 3.2 Main parts of the report 38 3.2.1 Recommendations of the commission 42 3.3 Perceptions of the report 47 3.3.1 The perspective from the South 51 4. -
BKI 169.4 431-456 Blackburn.Indd
bki Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 169 (2013) 431-456 brill.com/bki The ‘Democratization’ of Memories of Singapore’s Past Kevin Blackburn Associate Professor, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore [email protected] Abstract In Singapore, there has been a ‘democratization’ of memory through heritage blogs and Facebook, YouTube clips of reminiscences about the past, as well as the state sponsored web-based Singapore Memory Project. Many Singaporeans are recording and making public their own memories through the digital media. Is this material mainly nostalgia rather than sources of the past that can give us a greater insight into what happened? Do these memo- ries provide counter-narratives to the official version of the Singapore past, which is known as the Singapore Story? Keywords Singapore, memory, blogs, YouTube, Facebook Memory of Singapore’s past is undergoing what has been called a rapid ‘democratization’ through blogs and Facebook, videos of reminiscences put up on YouTube, as well as web-based memory collections, such as the Singapore Memory Project, which aims to collect five million memories of Singapore. Ordinary Singaporeans can now much more easily record and make public their own memories that previously would have remained private and gradually forgotten. When the state-run Singapore Memory Project was first announced in the Singapore Parliament on 12 March 2010, Irene Ng Phek Hoong, historian and a member of the ruling People’s Action Party (PAP), outlined that -
Political Memoirs As Contrapuntal Narratives
Interventions International Journal of Postcolonial Studies ISSN: 1369-801X (Print) 1469-929X (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/riij20 Political Memoirs As Contrapuntal Narratives Syed Muhd Khairudin Aljunied To cite this article: Syed Muhd Khairudin Aljunied (2016) Political Memoirs As Contrapuntal Narratives, Interventions, 18:4, 512-525, DOI: 10.1080/1369801X.2015.1126192 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1369801X.2015.1126192 Published online: 04 Jan 2016. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 51 View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=riij20 Download by: [NUS National University of Singapore] Date: 20 July 2016, At: 18:41 POLITICAL MEMOIRS AS CONTRAPUNTAL NARRATIVES Said Zahari’ sDarkCloudsatDawn Syed Muhd Khairudin Aljunied National University of Singapore ..................Said Zahari was a journalist and leftist political activist who was detained without trial for seventeen years in Singapore during the premiership of Lee leftist activist Kuan Yew. This essay examines his memoir, Dark Clouds at Dawn, and Malay argues Said Zahari’s principled political position was informed by his religious beliefs and his status as a Malay man of letters. His memoirs memoir challenge dominant national narratives portraying Malay identity during political dissident the 1950s and 1960s as ethnically insular or chauvinistic, as Said Zahari always held a cosmopolitan and coalitional outlook. His memoirs remind Singapore us that ethnic and racial identities, both historically and in the present, Zahari, Said cannot be essentialized and require analysis in relation to social and ................ -
Singapore's Struggle Against CPM: What If the Barisan Sosialis Had Won?
www.rsis.edu.sg No. 246 – 12 December 2014 RSIS Commentary is a platform to provide timely and, where appropriate, policy-relevant commentary and analysis of topical issues and contemporary developments. The views of the authors are their own and do not represent the official position of the S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies, NTU. These commentaries may be reproduced electronically or in print with prior permission from RSIS and due recognition to the author(s) and RSIS. Please email: [email protected] for feedback to the Editor RSIS Commentary, Yang Razali Kassim. Singapore’s Struggle Against CPM: What if the Barisan Sosialis Had Won? By Kumar Ramakrishna Synopsis On the 25th anniversary of the end of the long struggle against the Communist Party of Malaya, it is critical that the conflict be remembered and evaluated accurately. Due regard should be given especially to the sacrifices of those Singaporeans who suffered or perished as a result of Communist violence. To do any less would be a travesty. Commentary THIS YEAR marks the 25th anniversary of the signing of the peace agreement between the Communist Party of Malaya (CPM) and the Malaysian and Thai governments in Hat Yai, which ended four decades of conflict. On 8 December 2014 a marker of the ‘Struggle Against the Communist Party of Malaya’ was unveiled at Esplanade Park in Singapore near the Cenotaph and Lim Boh Seng Memorial on Queen Elizabeth Walk. The marker is intended as a timely reminder of the approximately 8,000 civilian and security personnel casualties during the Communist insurgency in Malaya (including Singapore) from 1948 to the end of the 1980s. -
The Scripting of a National History
The f A Pas童醫 Hong Lysa and Huang Jianli 香港式學出版社 HONG KONG UNIVERSITY PRESS Hong Kong University Press 141F Hing Wai C巴ntr巴 7 Tin Wan Praya Road Ab巴rd巴巴n Hong Kong 。 Hong Kong Univ巴rsity Pr巴 ss 2008 ISBN 978-962-209-883-1 All rights r巴 serv巴 d. No portion of this publication may b巴 reproduc巴d or transmitt巴d in any form or by any means ,巴l巴ctromc or m巴chanical , including photocopy, r巴cording , or any information storag巴 or r巴tn巴 val system, without p巴rmission in writing from th巴 publi 斑白 CJ-LH O 巴一八日c-PAJ- o-w 叫3JV-nn σ 巴一的 L-wm-h 。一 一戶-m 一位 •• 、。 σb British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogu巴 r巴cord for this book is available from th巴 British Library. Printed and bound by Liang Yu Printing Factory Ltd. , in Hong Kong, China Hong Kong Univ巴rsity Pr巴 ss is honoured that Xu Bing, whos巴 art 巴 xplores the compl巴x th巴m巴 s of languag巴 across cultures, has writt巴nth巴 Pr巴 8 日 's nam巴 in his Squan巴 Word Calligraphy. This signals our commitm巴 nt to cross-cultural thinking and th巴 distinctiv巴 natur巴 of our English-languag巴 books publish巴d in China. “At first glance, Square Word Calligraphy appears to be nothing more unusual than Chinese characters, but in fact it is a new way of rendering English words in the format of a square so they resemble Chinese characters. Chinese viewers expect to be able to read Square word Calligraphy but cannot. Western viewers, however are surprised to find they can read it. Delight erupts when meaning is unexpectedly revealed." - Britta Erickson, The Art of Xu Bing Contents Foreword lX List of Photographs Xlll Abbreviations XV Acknowledgements XVll 團且司、 Introduction: Beginning of History The road to ‘in-dependence' UA Light at the end of the tunnel 且可吋 Singapore's postcolonial history /AY Scripting Singapore's past PARTI SCRIPTURE 11 1111222234581279 1. -
Books and Chapters (Print) Books and Chapters (Print)
Communist Party of Malaya: A Comprehensive Bibliography Books and Chapters (Print) Books and Chapters (Print) 1. Aaisa, N. ‘U. N.’. (2013). Memeterai rundingan Baling [The Signing of Baling Accord]. Selangor: Sama Publications & Distributors. Call no.: Lee Kong Chian Reference Library Level 9, Reference Southeast Asia Level 9 / Shelf 35, Malay 959.5 NUR 2. Abidin, A. Z. & Lopa B. (1971). Bahaja Komunisme: Kepalsuan Ideologi dan Politiknya, Kebengisan Strategi, Taktik Dan Propagandanja, Fakta-Faktanja Diseluruh Dunia [The Dangers of Communis: Its False Ideology and Politics, Merciless Strategy, Tactics and Propaganda, Facts in the Whole World] (2nd Ed). Djakarta: Bulan Bintang. Call no.: Repository Used Book Collection Malay 320.532 ABI 3. Abdul Rahman, A. (2011). Shamsiah Fakeh: Pejuang, Pemimpin dan Perempuan [Shamsiah Fakeh: Fighter, Leader and Woman]. Selangor: PTS Litera Utama. Call no.: Lee Kong Chian Reference Library Level 9 Malay 899.283 AZZ 4. Abdullah, C.D., Maidin, R. & Muhamad Kamsin, A. S. (2005). Islam Melayu Komunis: Wawancara Dengan Abdullah C.D., Rashid Maidin, Abu Samah [Islam Malay Communist: Interviews with Abdullah, C.D., Rashid Maidin, Abu Samah]. Petaling Jaya: Strategic Information and Research Development Centre. Call no.: Lee Kong Chian Reference Library Level 9 Malay 324.25950922 ISL 5. Abdullah, C.D. (2007). Memoir Abdullah C.D. (Bahagian Kedua): Penaja Dan Pemimpin Regimen Ke-10 [The Memoirs of Abdullah C.D. (Part Two): Sponsor and Leader of the 10th Regiment]. Petaling Jaya: Strategic Information and Research Development Centre. 6. Abdullah, C. D. (Ed.). (2009). 马来亚的社会发展与爱国主义 Malaiya De She Hui Fa Zhan Yu Ai Guo Zhu Yi [Social Development and Patriotism in Malaya].