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Modern Hong Kong
Modern Hong Kong Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Asian History Modern Hong Kong Steve Tsang Subject: China, Hong Kong, Macao, and/or Taiwan Online Publication Date: Feb 2017 DOI: 10.1093/acrefore/9780190277727.013.280 Abstract and Keywords Hong Kong entered its modern era when it became a British overseas territory in 1841. In its early years as a Crown Colony, it suffered from corruption and racial segregation but grew rapidly as a free port that supported trade with China. It took about two decades before Hong Kong established a genuinely independent judiciary and introduced the Cadet Scheme to select and train senior officials, which dramatically improved the quality of governance. Until the Pacific War (1941–1945), the colonial government focused its attention and resources on the small expatriate community and largely left the overwhelming majority of the population, the Chinese community, to manage themselves, through voluntary organizations such as the Tung Wah Group of Hospitals. The 1940s was a watershed decade in Hong Kong’s history. The fall of Hong Kong and other European colonies to the Japanese at the start of the Pacific War shattered the myth of the superiority of white men and the invincibility of the British Empire. When the war ended the British realized that they could not restore the status quo ante. They thus put an end to racial segregation, removed the glass ceiling that prevented a Chinese person from becoming a Cadet or Administrative Officer or rising to become the Senior Member of the Legislative or the Executive Council, and looked into the possibility of introducing municipal self-government. -
[2020] SGCA 16 Civil Appeal No 99 of 2019 Between Wham Kwok Han
IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE REPUBLIC OF SINGAPORE [2020] SGCA 16 Civil Appeal No 99 of 2019 Between Wham Kwok Han Jolovan … Appellant And The Attorney-General … Respondent Civil Appeal No 108 of 2019 Between Tan Liang Joo John … Appellant And The Attorney-General … Respondent Civil Appeal No 109 of 2019 Between The Attorney-General … Appellant And Wham Kwok Han Jolovan … Respondent Civil Appeal No 110 of 2019 Between The Attorney-General … Appellant And Tan Liang Joo John … Respondent In the matter of Originating Summons No 510 of 2018 Between The Attorney-General And Wham Kwok Han Jolovan In the matter of Originating Summons No 537 of 2018 Between The Attorney-General And Tan Liang Joo John ii JUDGMENT [Contempt of Court] — [Scandalising the court] [Contempt of Court] — [Sentencing] iii This judgment is subject to final editorial corrections approved by the court and/or redaction pursuant to the publisher’s duty in compliance with the law, for publication in LawNet and/or the Singapore Law Reports. Wham Kwok Han Jolovan v Attorney-General and other appeals [2020] SGCA 16 Court of Appeal — Civil Appeals Nos 99, 108, 109 and 110 of 2019 Sundaresh Menon CJ, Andrew Phang Boon Leong JA, Judith Prakash JA, Tay Yong Kwang JA and Steven Chong JA 22 January 2020 16 March 2020 Judgment reserved. Sundaresh Menon CJ (delivering the judgment of the court): Introduction 1 These appeals arise out of HC/OS 510/2018 (“OS 510”) and HC/OS 537/2018 (“OS 537”), which were initiated by the Attorney-General (“the AG”) to punish Mr Wham Kwok Han Jolovan (“Wham”) and Mr Tan Liang Joo John (“Tan”) respectively for contempt by scandalising the court (“scandalising contempt”) under s 3(1)(a) of the Administration of Justice (Protection) Act 2016 (Act 19 of 2016) (“the AJPA”). -
L AUNCH SYSTEMS Databk7 Collected.Book Page 18 Monday, September 14, 2009 2:53 PM Databk7 Collected.Book Page 19 Monday, September 14, 2009 2:53 PM
databk7_collected.book Page 17 Monday, September 14, 2009 2:53 PM CHAPTER TWO L AUNCH SYSTEMS databk7_collected.book Page 18 Monday, September 14, 2009 2:53 PM databk7_collected.book Page 19 Monday, September 14, 2009 2:53 PM CHAPTER TWO L AUNCH SYSTEMS Introduction Launch systems provide access to space, necessary for the majority of NASA’s activities. During the decade from 1989–1998, NASA used two types of launch systems, one consisting of several families of expendable launch vehicles (ELV) and the second consisting of the world’s only partially reusable launch system—the Space Shuttle. A significant challenge NASA faced during the decade was the development of technologies needed to design and implement a new reusable launch system that would prove less expensive than the Shuttle. Although some attempts seemed promising, none succeeded. This chapter addresses most subjects relating to access to space and space transportation. It discusses and describes ELVs, the Space Shuttle in its launch vehicle function, and NASA’s attempts to develop new launch systems. Tables relating to each launch vehicle’s characteristics are included. The other functions of the Space Shuttle—as a scientific laboratory, staging area for repair missions, and a prime element of the Space Station program—are discussed in the next chapter, Human Spaceflight. This chapter also provides a brief review of launch systems in the past decade, an overview of policy relating to launch systems, a summary of the management of NASA’s launch systems programs, and tables of funding data. The Last Decade Reviewed (1979–1988) From 1979 through 1988, NASA used families of ELVs that had seen service during the previous decade. -
The War on Terrorism and the Internal Security Act of Singapore
Damien Cheong ____________________________________________________________ Selling Security: The War on Terrorism and the Internal Security Act of Singapore DAMIEN CHEONG Abstract The Internal Security Act (ISA) of Singapore has been transformed from a se- curity law into an effective political instrument of the Singapore government. Although the government's use of the ISA for political purposes elicited negative reactions from the public, it was not prepared to abolish, or make amendments to the Act. In the wake of September 11 and the international campaign against terrorism, the opportunity to (re)legitimize the government's use of the ISA emerged. This paper argues that despite the ISA's seeming importance in the fight against terrorism, the absence of explicit definitions of national security threats, either in the Act itself, or in accompanying legislation, renders the ISA susceptible to political misuse. Keywords: Internal Security Act, War on Terrorism. People's Action Party, Jemaah Islamiyah. Introduction In 2001/2002, the Singapore government arrested and detained several Jemaah Islamiyah (JI) operatives under the Internal Security Act (ISA) for engaging in terrorist activities. It was alleged that the detained operatives were planning to attack local and foreign targets in Singa- pore. The arrests outraged human rights groups, as the operation was reminiscent of the government's crackdown on several alleged Marxist conspirators in1987. Human rights advocates were concerned that the current detainees would be dissuaded from seeking legal counsel and subjected to ill treatment during their period of incarceration (Tang 1989: 4-7; Frank et al. 1991: 5-99). Despite these protests, many Singaporeans expressed their strong support for the government's actions. -
E-Commerce and Its Impact on Competition Policy and Law in Singapore
E-commerce and its impact on competition policy and law in Singapore A DotEcon study for the Competition Commission of Singapore Final Report – October 2015 DotEcon Ltd 17 Welbeck Street London W1G 9XJ www.dotecon.com Content Content 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................. 1 2 E-commerce activity in Singapore ............................................................................... 4 2.1 An introduction to e-commerce ........................................................................... 4 2.2 E-commerce adoption in Singapore ................................................................... 17 3 E-commerce and competition .................................................................................... 38 3.1 What changes with e-commerce? ...................................................................... 38 3.2 The impact of e-commerce on market boundaries ............................................. 59 3.3 The impact of e-commerce on market structure and competition ...................... 65 3.4 Vertical restraints ............................................................................................... 77 4 Implications of e-commerce for competition policy in Singapore .............................. 83 4.1 Defining a relevant market ................................................................................. 84 4.2 Assessing market power ................................................................................... -
Singapore Internet Case Study
THE e-CITY: SINGAPORE INTERNET CASE STUDY April 2001 Michael Minges, Magda Ismail and Larry Press wrote this report. Vanessa Gray provided editorial comments and Nathalie Delmas handled formatting and production. Vincent Tan Fu Ming of Radin Mas Primary School in Singapore drew the picture on the cover. The authors are indebted to the Infocomm Development Authority of Singapore (IDA) for its support and particularly Meng Chung Lee who graciously dealt with the logistics. The report is based on field research undertaken 24-28 July 2000 as well as reports and articles identified in the bibliography or as footnotes. We would like to thank Jenny Yeo (Radin Mas Primary School), Alvin Kuek (AsiaStockWatch), Yap Kwang Tan (Ministry of Education), Colin Quek (National Healthcare Group), Siew Luan Yap (AsiaOne), Yoke Wah Lum (Ministry of Health), Cecilia Yip (Singa- pore Broadcasting Authority), Vivien Chow (Singapore Cable Vision) as well as IDA for their valuable comments on the draft version of this report. The views expressed are those of the authors and may not necessarily re- flect the opinions of the International Telecommunication Union, its mem- bers, or the Government of the Republic of Singapore. This report is one of a series of Internet Case Studies. Additional information is available on the Internet Case Studies web site at www.itu.int/ti/casestudies. © ITU 2001 ii Contents 1. Country background ............................................................ 1 1.1 Overview............................................................................. 1 1.2 Demography ........................................................................ 1 1.3 Economy ............................................................................. 1 1.4 Human development............................................................. 2 1.5 Political ............................................................................... 2 2. Information and Communication Technology markets ......... 4 2.1 Telecommunication Sector .................................................... -
Military Welcomes Public
HAwirWid Voluntary payment for delivery to MARINEMCAS housing/$1 per four week period VOL. 9 NO. 20 KANE(111E BAY, HAWAII, MAY 21, 1980 TWENTY PAGE; Photo by SW Don Collins ARMED FORCES DAY SALUTE-A wizened look-alike for the original Uncle Sam holds two children during the Armed Forces Day Open House held Saturday at Ilickam Air Force Base. A smiling "Betsy Rosa" looks on as she and Uncle Sam pose inside the interior of the C-5 Galaxy. Photo by Sgt Jun Orlando GERONIMO-Sailors from the Navy Explosive Ordnance Saturday during the free-fall parachuting demonstration at the Disposal Group-1 file out of a CH-46 "Sea Knight" helicopter Armed Forces Day Open House at Pearl Harbor. Military welcomes public A gala show of military to it in cockpits of aircraft such Squadron-265, Marine Aircraft Overall response was aummethla hospitality began Saturday as the F-4 Phantom jet aircraft Group-24, 1st Marine Brigade. in the words of one spectator, "I think this exhibition is fantastic. when Naval Base Pearl Harbor and TA-4 Skyhawk and to walk PARACHUTISTS from the and Ilickam Air Force Base through the world's largest cargo The Marines were really nice and Navy Explosive Ordnance informed us about all of their opened their gates to the civilian plane, the C-5 Galaxy. Also on Disposal Group-1 exercised their and military public for the 31st display were transport and free-falling techniques and equipment." Annual Armed Forces Day attack helicopters from the Army The Army demonstrated the plunged into the water between 81mm mortar and gave children observance. -
SFYC2014 Report Email.Pdf
Science Fair for Young Children 2014 Report Compiled by: Thinaheswary Gunashakaran Design, Layout & Editing: Ragavan Pandian (Freelance Designer) Science Fair for Young Children 2014 ~~ ANNUAL REPORT ~~ Page i Our Heartfelt Thanks! Science Fair for Young Children 2014 was made possible by the generous support of the following organizations and individuals: CONTRIBUTORS YB Datuk Seri Dr.S.Subramaniam Malaysian Community & Education Foundation (MCEF) ECM Libra Foundation Development of Human Resources in Rural Areas (DHRRA) Malaysia Vijayaratnam Foundation MyNadi Foundation National Land Finance Co-Operative Society (NLFCS) Action Plan for Future of Tamil Schools PRODUCT CONTRIBUTORS Glorie Sdn. Bhd Sasbadi Sdn. Bhd ZONES CONTRIBUTORS Datuk R.S. Thanenthiran Mr. Chella Dato S.Veerasingam Mr. Anandan Shanmugam Dato’ Saravanakumar Headmaster Council Negeri Sembilan Darul Khusus Cubit Pte. Ltd Johor Chief Minister YB Tuan P. Kamalanathan Arulmiga Rajamariaman Temple Pahang State Government PERINNBAM Malaysia & PERINNBAM Pahang MEDIA Malaysia Nanban Makkal Osai Thinakural Tamil Malar Tamil Nesan The STAR 360° ASTRO Minnal FM Radio Television Malaysia (RTM) Bernama TV And last but not least the headmasters, headmistresses, teachers, hundreds of individuals, and parents, who contributed their time, money and knowledge. i Science Fair for Young Children 2014 ~~ ANNUAL REPORT ~~ Page ii Working Group Committee of SFYC 2014 Founder : Dr. Mohamed Yunus Mohamed Yasin Advisory Board Members : Dr. Subramaniam Gurusamy : Mr. Nadaraja Kalimuthu : Major Dr. Vikneswaran Munikanan : Mr. CM Vignaesvaran Jayandran : Mr. Saravanan Vimalanathan Project Director I : Mr. CM Vignaesvaran Jeyandran Project Director II : Mr. Mohan Sankaran Project Manager : Ms. Umahsankariah Muthunaikar Senior Executive Officer : Ms. Vanitha Vasu Executive Officer : Ms. Thinaheswary Gunashakaran National Judging Coordinator : Ms. -
From Colonial Segregation to Postcolonial ‘Integration’ – Constructing Ethnic Difference Through Singapore’S Little India and the Singapore ‘Indian’
FROM COLONIAL SEGREGATION TO POSTCOLONIAL ‘INTEGRATION’ – CONSTRUCTING ETHNIC DIFFERENCE THROUGH SINGAPORE’S LITTLE INDIA AND THE SINGAPORE ‘INDIAN’ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy IN THE UNIVERSITY OF CANTERBURY BY SUBRAMANIAM AIYER UNIVERSITY OF CANTERBURY 2006 ---------- Contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ABSTRACT 1 INTRODUCTION 3 Thesis Argument 3 Research Methodology and Fieldwork Experiences 6 Theoretical Perspectives 16 Social Production of Space and Social Construction of Space 16 Hegemony 18 Thesis Structure 30 PART I - SEGREGATION, ‘RACE’ AND THE COLONIAL CITY Chapter 1 COLONIAL ORIGINS TO NATION STATE – A PREVIEW 34 1.1 Singapore – The Colonial City 34 1.1.1 History and Politics 34 1.1.2 Society 38 1.1.3 Urban Political Economy 39 1.2 Singapore – The Nation State 44 1.3 Conclusion 47 2 INDIAN MIGRATION 49 2.1 Indian migration to the British colonies, including Southeast Asia 49 2.2 Indian Migration to Singapore 51 2.3 Gathering Grounds of Early Indian Migrants in Singapore 59 2.4 The Ethnic Signification of Little India 63 2.5 Conclusion 65 3 THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE COLONIAL NARRATIVE IN SINGAPORE – AN IDEOLOGY OF RACIAL ZONING AND SEGREGATION 67 3.1 The Construction of the Colonial Narrative in Singapore 67 3.2 Racial Zoning and Segregation 71 3.3 Street Naming 79 3.4 Urban built forms 84 3.5 Conclusion 85 PART II - ‘INTEGRATION’, ‘RACE’ AND ETHNICITY IN THE NATION STATE Chapter -
Singapore: the Location of Choice for Asset and Wealth Management in Asia Pacific
Singapore: the location of choice for asset and wealth management in Asia Pacific Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet 2 | PwC Contents Singapore as a location for asset managers 4 Singapore’s asset management landscape 12 Fund manager regime in Singapore 16 Investment funds in Singapore 21 Singapore market entry report 28 Asian investment fund centre 31 Connect with our experts 32 Singapore - Asset and Wealth management location of choice in Asia Pacific | 3 Singapore as a location for asset managers 4 | PwC Introducing Singapore A global business hub Singapore is strategically located the heart of Southeast The USD-SGD exchange rate has remained largely Asia. The country is 724 square kilometers, or 280 square stable over the last ten years, trading in the band of miles. Whilst smaller than other financial centres like 1.2 - 1.45. London, New York, or Hong Kong, it’s small size is no Having a small and open economy, Singapore’s impediment to its role as a global asset and wealth monetary policy has thus been centered on the management centre. management of the exchange rate, with the primary With a population of 5.8 million in 2019, one of Singapore’s objective of promoting medium term price stability as a strengths is its diverse population. Comprising three main sound basis for sustainable economic growth. ethnic groups and cultures, with smaller ones interspersed These are essential factors that enhance the ecosystem across the community, Singapore’s workforce is able to and economical support of Singapore as a choice communicate culturally and linguistically with the key location for setting up fund management operations markets of China and India, as well as engaging on the focused on investments in Asia, particularly in India and global scale. -
Games We Play on Singapore Telly
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Research Online Asia Pacific Media ducatE or Issue 14 Article 3 12-2003 Games we play on Singapore telly T. Lim Queensland University of Technology Follow this and additional works at: https://ro.uow.edu.au/apme Recommended Citation Lim, T., Games we play on Singapore telly, Asia Pacific Media ducatE or, 14, 2003, 18-35. Available at:https://ro.uow.edu.au/apme/vol1/iss14/3 Research Online is the open access institutional repository for the University of Wollongong. For further information contact the UOW Library: [email protected] TANIA LIM: Games we play ... Games We Play On Singapore Telly In the mid 1990s, Singapore opened its doors to the international broadcasting community. The past four years in particular have seen steady policy-driven liberalisation of its print, television and multimedia industries. This has jumpstarted the local TV production industry and stimulated terrestrial network competition. While the two terrestrial TV networks compete voraciously for a small, fragmented, multilingual and increasingly sophisticated domestic TV audience, the localisation of international TV game show formats like Millionaire and The Weakest Link appear as attractive solutions to consolidate and build the audience base. TV gameshow formats have become one of the ‘formatting’ strategies that this industry employs to develop ‘local knowledge’ and ‘position’ themselves in the battle for audience ratings and eyeballs. This article will present findings and offer new insight into the impact of TV formats on the local television production, programming and audiences in Singapore. -
One Party Dominance Survival: the Case of Singapore and Taiwan
One Party Dominance Survival: The Case of Singapore and Taiwan DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Lan Hu Graduate Program in Political Science The Ohio State University 2011 Dissertation Committee: Professor R. William Liddle Professor Jeremy Wallace Professor Marcus Kurtz Copyrighted by Lan Hu 2011 Abstract Can a one-party-dominant authoritarian regime survive in a modernized society? Why is it that some survive while others fail? Singapore and Taiwan provide comparable cases to partially explain this puzzle. Both countries share many similar cultural and developmental backgrounds. One-party dominance in Taiwan failed in the 1980s when Taiwan became modern. But in Singapore, the one-party regime survived the opposition’s challenges in the 1960s and has remained stable since then. There are few comparative studies of these two countries. Through empirical studies of the two cases, I conclude that regime structure, i.e., clientelistic versus professional structure, affects the chances of authoritarian survival after the society becomes modern. This conclusion is derived from a two-country comparative study. Further research is necessary to test if the same conclusion can be applied to other cases. This research contributes to the understanding of one-party-dominant regimes in modernizing societies. ii Dedication Dedicated to the Lord, Jesus Christ. “Counsel and sound judgment are mine; I have insight, I have power. By Me kings reign and rulers issue decrees that are just; by Me princes govern, and nobles—all who rule on earth.” Proverbs 8:14-16 iii Acknowledgments I thank my committee members Professor R.