GUINÉE BISSAU, Projeto PNUD GBS/87/002, ORSTOM, DAKAR (Relat6rio L, Relat6rio 2, Relat6rio De Sîntese)

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GUINÉE BISSAU, Projeto PNUD GBS/87/002, ORSTOM, DAKAR (Relat6rio L, Relat6rio 2, Relat6rio De Sîntese) Banco Mundial Programa das NaçôesUnidas para Desenvilvimento Banco Africano de Desenvolvimento Ministério Françês de Coopéraçâo Avaliaçâo Hidrolôgica da Africa Sul-Saariana Paîses da Africa d'Oeste GUINÉ BISSAU Juillet 1992 Mott MacDonald BCEOM SOGREAH ORSTOM International Montpellier Grenoble Montpellier Cambridge,UK France France France PREÂMBULQ o presente estudo representa a terceira parte da avaliaçao hidrol6gica regional da Âfrica sub-saariana, financiada pela PNUD (Projeto RAF/871030), pela Banco Africano de Desenvolvimento e pela Fundo de Ajuda e de Cooperaçao da Republica Francesa. Este estudo concerne 23 paises da Âfrica do Oeste e foi iniciado em setembro de 1990: Os pafses foram visitados pelos membros da equipe de estudo entre novembro de 1990 e novembro de 1991. Em média, 0 tempo global dedicado a cada pals foi de seis semanas, sendo a metade passada no escrit6rio dos conselheiros. Estes ultimos foram introduzidos pelo CIEH em 17 pafses. 0 estudo foi organizado de modo a permitir que as avaliaçoes fossem feitas pela pessoal de MOTI MacDonald International, do BCEOM, de SOGREAH, e da ORSTOM, e por varios conselheiros nacionais. Desde 0 princfpio, deu-se uma atençao particular à coerência do método e à homogeneidade da avaliaçao. o projeto consistiu na avaliaçao do estado dos sistemas de recolhimento de dados hidrol6gicos existentes, e na formulaçao das recomendaçoes necessârias a seu melhoramento de maneira a dar assistência aos pafses para 0 estabelecimento ou melhoramento de bases de dados hidrol6gicos fiaveis a fim de conseguirem uma planificaçao melhor dos programas e projetos de aproveitamento dos recursos em aguas superficiais e subterrâneas. Assim pois, 0 objetivo era identificar os domfnios nos quais a ajuda internacional seria necessâria e desenvolver essas recomendaçoes sob a forma de propostas de projetos que conviessem aos financiadores. Elaboraram-se relat6rios nacionais sobre as avaliaçoes, recomendaçoes e propostas identificadas. Dm relat6rio regional vern completar os relat6rios feitos por pals no que concerne os aspectos do estudo que necessitam uma abordagem a nfvel da regiao ou de uma grande bacia. Esse relat6rio tarnbém resume as caracterfsticas cornuns das avaliaçôes nacionais e inclue propostas de projetos para as atividades que concernem a regiao de maneira integral ou parcial. o presente relat6rio foi realizado pela BCEOM e pela ORSTOM a partir das informaçoes e documentos reunidos durante a missao feita na Guiné Bissau do dia 13 ao dia 26 de janeiro de 1991. Ficam aqui expressos nossos mais sinceros agradecimentos à ajuda preciosa que nos foi concedida pelas mais variadas personalidades, demasiado numerosas para serem citadas individualmente. ABREYIAçÔ~ BAD Banco Africano de Desenvolvimento BRGM Departamento de Pesquisa Geol6gica e Mineira. CITA Centro de Investigaçào Tecnol6gica Aplicada do M.R.N.!. DCTD Departamento das Naçoes Unidas de Cooperaçào Técnica para 0 Desenvolvimento CIEH Comitê Inter-Africano de Estudos Hidrâulicos DGRH Direçào GeraI dos Recursos Hfdricos DHAS Departamento de Hidrâulica e dos Solos do Ministério do Desenvolvimento Rural e da AgricuItura EAGB Âgua e Eletricidade da Guiné Bissau FENU Fundos de Equipamento das Naçoes Unidas MRNI Ministério dos Recursos Naturais e da Industria PNUD Projeto das Naçoes Unidas para 0 Desenvolvimento UNICEF Fundos das Naçoes Unidas para a Infância MAC Missào de Ajuda e de Cooperaçào MAS Mac Donald Agricultural Service Limited ORSTOM Instituto Francês de Pesquisa Cienûfica para 0Desenvolvimento em Cooperaçào SERN Secretaria de Estado dos Recursos Naturais SMN Serviço da Meteorologia Nacional SUMARIO CAPÎTULO 1 GENERALIDADES 1-1 1.1 Geografia 1-1 1.2 Populaçao 1-3 1.3 Saude 1-4 1.4 Educaçao 1-4 1.5 Economia 1-4 1.6 CUma 1-5 1.7 Geologia 1-7 1.8 Hidrologia 1-8 1.9 Hidrogeologia 1-13 CAPÎTULO 2 MOBILIZAÇÂO DOS RECURSOS EM A.GUA 2-1 2.1 Recursos em âgua 2-1 2.1.1 Recursos em âgua de superficie 2-1 2.1.2 Recursos em âgua subterrânea 2-15 2.2 Aproveitamentos existentes 2-17 2.2.1 Utilizaçao atual das âguas de superficie 2-17 2.2.2 Utilizaçao atual das âguas subterrâneas 2-20 2.3 Necessidades em matéria de âgua 2-23 2.3.1 Alimentaçao das populaÇôes 2-23 2.3.2 Agricultura 2-24 2.3.2.1 Irrigaçao 2-24 2.3.2.2 Pecuâria 2-26 2.3.3 Hidro-eletricidade 2-27 CAPÎTULO 3 CLIMATOLOGIA 3-1 3.1 Estruturas 3-1 3.1.1 Organizaçao 3-1 3.1.2 Pessoal e fonnaçao 3-2 3.2 Redes 3-2 3.2.1 Estaçôes sin6pticas 3-2 3.2.1.1 Descriçao 3-2 3.2.1.2 Equipamentos 3-4 3.2.1.3 Manutençao 3-5 3.2.2 Estaçôes climatol6gicas 3-5 3.2.2.1 Descriçao 3-5 3.2.2.2 Equipamento 3-7 3.2.3 Estaçôes pluviométricas 3-8 3.2.3.1 Descriçao 3-8 3.2.2.2 Equipamentos 3-9 3.2.2.3 Manutençao 3-9 a 3.3 Dados pluviométricos 3-9 3.3.1 Colheita, processamento, arquivamento 3-9 3.3.2 Difusào 3-12 3.3.3 Qualidade dos dados 3-12 3.3.4 Lacunas e insuficiências 3-15 3.4 Dados c1imatolOgicos 3-16 3.4.1 Colheita, processamento, arquivamento 3-16 3.4.2 Difusào 3-18 3.4.3 Qualidade dos dados 3-19 3.4.4 Insuficiências e lacunas 3-19 CAPITULO 4 AGUAS DE SUPERfiCIE 4-1 4.1 Estruturas 4-1 4.1.1 Organizaçao 4-1 4.1.2 Pessoal e fonnaçao 4-2 4.2 Redes 4-3 4.2.1 Redes hidrométricas 4-3 4.2.1.1 Descriçao 4-3 . 4.2.1.2 Equipamentos 4-3 4.2.1.3 Manutençao 4-6 4.2.2 Transportes s6lidos 4-7 4.2.3 Qualidade das aguas 4-7 4.3. Dados hidrométricos 4-' 4.3.1 Colheita, processamento, arquivamento 4-7 4.3.2 Difusào 4-8 4.3.3 Qualidade dos dados 4-8 4.4.4 Lacunas e insuficiências 4-9 4.4 Dados sobre os transportes solidos 4-11 4.5 Dados sobre a qualidade das âguas 4-12 CAPITULO 5 AGUAS SUBTERRÂNEAS 5-1 5.1 Estruturas institucionais 5-1 5.1.1 Organizaçao 5-1 5.1.2 Direçao Gerai dos Recursos Naturais 5-1 5.1.3 Pessoal e fonnaçao 5-2 5.2 Caracteristicas geolOgicas e geométricas do sistema aqüifero 5-3 5.2.1 Documentos existentes 5-3 5.2.2 Arquivamento e difusao 5-4 5.2.3 Qualidade dos dados 5-4 5.2.4 Lacunas e insuficiências 5-4 5.3 GeoflSica 5-5 5.3.1 Organizaçao das carnpanhas, interpretaçao 5-5 5.3.2 Arquivamemo e difusao 5-5 5.3.3 Qualidade dos dados 5-5 5.3.4 Lacunas e insuficiências 5-5 b 5.4 Inventârio 5-6 5.4.1 Colheita - processamento 5-6 5.4.2 Arquivamento e difusao 5-6 5.4.3 Qualidade dos dados 5-6 5.4.4 Lacunas e insuficiências 5-6 5.s Inventârio dos poços e furos 5·6 5.5.1 Colheita, processamento 5-6 5.5.2 Arquivamento e difusao 5-8 5.5.3 Qualidade dos dados 5-8 5.5.4 Lacunas e insuficiências 5-8 5.6 Piezometria 5-9 5.6.1 Campanhas de medidas 5-9 5.6.2 Redes de medidas 5-9 5.6.3 Arquivamento e difusao 5-11 5.6.4 Qualidade dos dados 5-11 5.6.5 Lacunas e insuficiências 5-1I 5.7 Débito dos rnananciais 5-12 5.7.1 Lacunas e insuficiências 5-12 5.8 Dados sobre a qualidade das âguas subterrâneas 5-13 5.8.1 Colheita, processamento 5-13 5.8.2 Arquivamento e difusao 5-14 5.8.3 Qualidade dos dados 5-14 5.8.4 Lacunas e insuficiências 5-14 5.9 Arquivarnento inforrnâtico 5-14 5.9.1 Base de dados symphony 5-14 5.9.2 Base de dados BADGE 5-15 5.10 Modelizaçao dos recursos em âguas subterrâneas 5·22 CAPITULO 6 AVAUAÇÂO 6-1 6.1 Necessidades ern matéria de dados hidrol6gicos 6·1 6.1.1 Para a avaliaçao do recurso 6-1 6.1.2 Para a avaliaçao dos riscos 6-3 6.2 Necessidades ern matéria de dados hidrogeol6gicos 6-4 6.2.1 Para a avaliaçao do recurso 6-4 6.2.2 Para a avaliaçao dos riscos 6-5 6.3 Diagn6stico 6·5 6.3.1 Diagn6stico em climatologia 6-5 6.3.2 Diagn6stico em superficie 6-6 6.3.3 Diagn6stico em hidrogeologia 6-8 c CAPîTULO 7 RECOMENDAÇÔES 7-1 7.1lntroduçao 7-1 7.2 Climatologia 7-1 7.3 Agua de superficie 7·2 7.3.1 Recomendaçoes sobre a definiçào das atribuiçoes da DH 7-2 7.3.2 Recomendaçoes para 0 refôrço da DH 7-3 7.3.2.1 Refôrço dos equiparnentos do departarnento central da DH 7-3 7.3.2.2 Refôrço dos equiparnentos das brigadas regionais 7-4 7.3.3 RecomendaçOes para a manutençao e 0 refôrço da rede de base nos "biefs" continentais dos grandes rios 7-5 7.3.4 Recomendaçoes para a instalaçao de bacias vertentes representativas no dominio continental 7-7 7.3.5 Recomendaçoes para a instalaçào de bacias vertentes representativas nos vales salobros corn vocaçao rizicola 7-8 7.3.6 Recomendaçoes para a instalaçào e a gestào de uma rede de marégrafos 7-8 7.4 Aguas subterrâneas 7-9 7.4.1 Estruturas institucionais 7-9 7.4.2 Inventario dos pontos d'ligua 7-9 7.4.3 Instalaçào de uma rede piezométrica nacional 7-10 7.4.4 Utilizaçào da Geofisica 7-10 7.4.5 Interpretaçao das experiências de bombeamento 7-11 7.4.6 Arquivamento informatico 7-12 7.4.7 Mapas hidrogeol6gicos 7-12 7.4.8 Manutençào do material 7-12 7.4.9 Formaçao 7-13 d QJ,JADROS Quadro 1.6.1: Médias inter-anuais dos principais parâmetros climaticos (1941-1990) 1-7 Quadro 1.8.1 resumo dos parâmetros sintéticos das bacias 1-12 Quadro 2.1.1 : Estimaçao da pluviometria inter-anual por meio da latitude 2-3 Quadro 2.1.2: Irregularidades inter-anuais 2-5 Quadro 2.1.3: Valores médios dos débitos caracterfsticos e do coeficiente de esgotadura 2-6 Quadro 2.1.4 : Pluviometria anual - Recorrências secas e umidas 2-7 Quadro 2.1.5 : Altura média precipitada por bacia para um ana ùmido, mediano.
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