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Identifying the Beginnings of Sheep Husbandry in Western China

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Identifying the Beginnings of Sheep Husbandry in Western China Identifying the Beginnings of Sheep Husbandry in Western China Part ii Yiru Wang Darwin College, University of Cambridge Dissertation submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy November 2017 Contents CONTENTS ................................................................................................................................................ 392 APPENDIX A ZOOARCHAEOLOGICAL EVIDENCE OF CAPRINAE IN NORTHERN, CENTRAL, AND SOUTHERN PART OF CHINA ............................................................................... 292 PALAEOLITHIC (PLEISTOCENE) ................................................................................................................................ 292 EARLY, MIDDLE NEOLITHIC (8000 – 4700 BP) ........................................................................................................ 294 CHALCOLITHIC – BRONZE AGE (4600-3000 BP) ...................................................................................................... 294 APPENDIX B REGISTRY INFORMATION OF MODERN OVIS SPECIMENS ................................ 297 APPENDIX C REGISTRY INFORMATION OF MODERN NON-OVIS CAPRINAE AND GAZELLA SPECIMENS ......................................................................................................................... 305 APPDENDIX D TEST OF RELIABILITY OF THE NEWLY DEVELOPED MEASUREMENTS .... 311 APPENDIX E MEASUREMENTS TAKEN ON THE MODERN SPECIMENS OF NONE-OVIS CAPRINAE AND GAZELLA ............................................................................................. 314 1. MEASUREMENTS TAKEN ON DISTAL HUMERUS ..................................................................................................... 314 2. MEASUREMENTS TAKEN ON DISTAL METACARPAL ................................................................................................. 317 3. MEASUREMENTS TAKEN ON DISTAL METATARSAL ................................................................................................. 322 APPENDIX F MEASUREMENTS TAKEN ON THE MODERN SPECIMENS OF OVIS .................. 327 1. HUMERUS ...................................................................................................................................................... 327 3. METATARSAL .................................................................................................................................................. 338 APPENDIX G COMPARATIVE OSTEOMORPHOLOGY AND OSTEOMETRY OF THE CAPRINAE AND GAZELLA ON CHEEK TEETH ........................................................ 344 APPENDIX H COMPARATIVE OSTEOMORPHOLOGY AND OSTEOMETRY OF THE CAPRINAE AND GAZELLA ON DISTAL SCAPULA .................................................. 347 1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................... 347 Anatomical terms ....................................................................................................................................... 347 Measurements ........................................................................................................................................... 347 2. ALL CAPRINAE AND GAZELLA ............................................................................................................................. 348 2.1 Absolute size ........................................................................................................................................ 348 2.2 Comparative Osteomorphology ........................................................................................................... 349 2.3 Comparative Osteometry --- Relative Proportions of the Different Parts ............................................ 352 3 OVIS ............................................................................................................................................................. 353 3.1 Absolute size ........................................................................................................................................ 353 3.2 Comparative Osteomorphology ........................................................................................................... 354 3.3. Comparative Osteometry ------ Relative proportions of the different parts ........................................ 355 APPENDIX I RATIOS OF PAIRS OF MEASUREMENTS ON DISTAL HUMERUS BETWEEN THE DIFFERENCE MODERN CAPRINAE AND GAZELLA ............................................... 356 1. ALL CAPRINAE AND GAZELLA ............................................................................................................................. 356 BT/HT ......................................................................................................................................................... 356 HT/SHT ....................................................................................................................................................... 357 LHT/BTl ....................................................................................................................................................... 359 SHT/BTl ...................................................................................................................................................... 360 HT/LHT. ...................................................................................................................................................... 363 2. ALL OVIS ....................................................................................................................................................... 365 SHT/BTl ...................................................................................................................................................... 365 LHT/BTl ....................................................................................................................................................... 366 HT/SHT ....................................................................................................................................................... 369 HT/LHT ....................................................................................................................................................... 371 APPENDIX J COMPARATIVE OSTEOMORPHOLOGY AND OSTEOMETRY OF THE CAPRINAE AND GAZELLA ON PROXIMAL RADIUS ............................................... 373 1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................... 373 1.1 Anatomical Terms ................................................................................................................................ 373 1.2 Measurements ..................................................................................................................................... 374 2. ALL CAPRINAE AND GAZELLA ............................................................................................................................. 374 2.1 Absolute Size ........................................................................................................................................ 374 2.2 Comparative Osteomorphology ........................................................................................................... 375 3. ALL OVIS ....................................................................................................................................................... 383 APPENDIX K RATIOS OF PAIRS OF MEASUREMENTS ON DISTAL METACARPALS BETWEEN THE DIFFERENT MODERN CAPRINAE AND GAZELLA ................... 391 APPENDIX L COMPARATIVE OSTEOMORPHOLOGY AND OSTEOMETRY OF THE CAPRINAE AND GAZELLA ON PROXIMAL FEMUR ............................................... 405 1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................ 405 1.1 Anatomical terms ................................................................................................................................. 405 1.2 Measurements ..................................................................................................................................... 405 2. ALL CAPRINAE AND GAZELLA ............................................................................................................................. 406 2.1 Absolute Size ........................................................................................................................................ 406 2.2 Comparative Osteomorphology ........................................................................................................... 408 2.3 Comparative Osteometry ------ Proportions of the Different Parts ...................................................... 409 3. ALL OVIS ....................................................................................................................................................... 411 APPENDIX M COMPARATIVE OSTEOMORPHOLOGY AND OSTEOMETRY OF THE CAPRINAE AND GAZELLA ON DISTAL TIBIA .......................................................... 412 1.INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................ 412 1.1 Anatomical Terms ...............................................................................................................................
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