Rodent Biology and Management
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PLAGUE STUDIES * 6. Hosts of the Infection R
Bull. Org. mond. Sante 1 Bull. World Hlth Org. 1952, 6, 381-465 PLAGUE STUDIES * 6. Hosts of the Infection R. POLLITZER, M.D. Division of Epidemiology, World Health Organization Manuscript received in April 1952 RODENTS AND LAGOMORPHA Reviewing in 1928 the then rather limited knowledge available concerning the occurrence and importance of plague in rodents other than the common rats and mice, Jorge 129 felt justified in drawing a clear-cut distinction between the pandemic type of plague introduced into human settlements and houses all over the world by the " domestic " rats and mice, and " peste selvatique ", which is dangerous for man only when he invades the remote endemic foci populated by wild rodents. Although Jorge's concept was accepted, some discussion arose regarding the appropriateness of the term " peste selvatique" or, as Stallybrass 282 and Wu Lien-teh 318 translated it, " selvatic plague ". It was pointed out by Meyer 194 that, on etymological grounds, the name " sylvatic plague " would be preferable, and this term was widely used until POzzO 238 and Hoekenga 105 doubted, and Girard 82 denied, its adequacy on the grounds that the word " sylvatic" implied that the rodents concerned lived in forests, whereas that was rarely the case. Girard therefore advocated the reversion to the expression "wild-rodent plague" which was used before the publication of Jorge's study-a proposal it has seemed advisable to accept for the present studies. Much more important than the difficulty of adopting an adequate nomenclature is that of distinguishing between rat and wild-rodent plague- a distinction which is no longer as clear-cut as Jorge was entitled to assume. -
Blind Mole Rat (Spalax Leucodon) Masseter Muscle: Structure, Homology, Diversification and Nomenclature A
Folia Morphol. Vol. 78, No. 2, pp. 419–424 DOI: 10.5603/FM.a2018.0097 O R I G I N A L A R T I C L E Copyright © 2019 Via Medica ISSN 0015–5659 journals.viamedica.pl Blind mole rat (Spalax leucodon) masseter muscle: structure, homology, diversification and nomenclature A. Yoldas1, M. Demir1, R. İlgun2, M.O. Dayan3 1Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Kahramanmaras University, Kahramanmaras, Turkey 2Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aksaray University, Aksaray, Turkey 3Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey [Received: 10 July 2018; Accepted: 23 September 2018] Background: It is well known that rodents are defined by a unique masticatory apparatus. The present study describes the design and structure of the masseter muscle of the blind mole rat (Spalax leucodon). The blind mole rat, which emer- ged 5.3–3.4 million years ago during the Late Pliocene period, is a subterranean, hypoxia-tolerant and cancer-resistant rodent. Yet, despite these impressive cha- racteristics, no information exists on their masticatory musculature. Materials and methods: Fifteen adult blind mole rats were used in this study. Dissections were performed to investigate the anatomical characteristics of the masseter muscle. Results: The muscle was comprised of three different parts: the superficial mas- seter, the deep masseter and the zygomaticomandibularis muscle. The superficial masseter originated from the facial fossa at the ventral side of the infraorbital foramen. The deep masseter was separated into anterior and posterior parts. The anterior part of the zygomaticomandibularis muscle arose from the snout and passed through the infraorbital foramen to connect on the mandible. -
The Parasitism of Persian Jird by Immature Stages of Hyalomma Asiaticum (Acari: Ixodidae) and Its Identification Using Molecular Approaches in Iran
Archive of SID Persian J. Acarol., 2018, Vol. 7, No. 4, pp. 313–392. http://dx.doi.org/10.22073/pja.v7i4.39233 Journal homepage: http://www.biotaxa.org/pja Article The parasitism of Persian jird by immature stages of Hyalomma asiaticum (Acari: Ixodidae) and its identification using molecular approaches in Iran Asadollah Hosseini Chegeni1, 2, Ehsan Mostafavi3, 4, Ali Mohammadi3, 4, Ahmad Mahmoudi3, 4 and Mohammad Hassan Kayedi5* 1. Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lorestan, Lorestan, Iran; E-mail: hosseinichegeni @gmail.com 2. Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Lorestan, Iran. 3. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Research Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; E-mails: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] 4. National Reference Laboratory for Plague, Tularemia and Q Fever, Research Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Akanlu, Kabudar Ahang, Hamadan, Iran. 5.Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran; E-mail: [email protected] * Corresponding author ABSTRACT In the present study, occurrence of Hyalomma asiaticum on wild rodents was explored. Rodents were trapped using Sherman traps. The tick specimens were collected by forceps from the rodents. Overall, one larva and 59 nymphs of immature ticks were collected on 23 Meriones persicus from three different locations in western Iran. A 408 bp length fragment of nuclear 5.8S/internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) genes was amplified in 60 examined tick specimens using PCR, of which one sample was sequenced, successfully. -
Small Rodents
All Creatures Animal Hospital Volume 1, Issue 1 Newsletter Date Basic Care of Small Rodents HAMSTERS Hamsters (Mesocricetus aura- sters were first introduced to less common than the Syrian Inside this issue: tus) are short tailed rodents the United States in 1938. hamster. The smaller, dark with large cheek pouches. The Since their domestication, sev- brown Chinese hamster (dwarf Housing 2 Syrian hamster’s (golden ham- eral color and hair coat varie- hamster), the Armenian (grey) ster) wild habitat extends ties of the Syrian hamster have hamster, and the European Nutrition 2 through the Middle East and arisen through selective breed- hamster are more often used in Southeastern Europe. In 1930, ing. The three basic groups research and seldom kept as Handling 3 a litter of eight baby hamsters that now exist include the com- pets. Hamsters live 1.5-2.5 was taken to Israel and raised mon “golden” hamster, colored years. Hamsters have pig- Veterinary Care 3 as research animals. Virtually short-haired “fancy” hamster, mented, hairless glands over all domesticated hamsters sold and long-haired “teddy bear” the hips. These should not be Teeth and Tears 3 in the pet trade and research are hamster. On occasion, one mistaken for tumors. descendents of three of the may encounter other species of Breeding 4 survivors of that litter. Ham- hamsters, but these are much GERBILS The Mongolian gerbil (Meriones abdomen, and darker back coat. or fight, are easy to keep clean unguiculatus) is a small rodent Other color varieties that exist and care for, and are relatively native to the desert regions of include black, white, and cinna- easy to handle. -
Those Cheeky Hamsters by Robert J
ANIMAL HEALTH Those Cheeky Hamsters By Robert J. Russell and Jim A. Stunkard Marie T. Sebrechts Handling a hamster frequently makes these cheeky animals more gentle pets. Hamsters often are pugna- Two species of hamsters cious animals; however, are rarely seen as pets: 1) the many of them make gentle European hamster, Cricetus pets when handled frequently. cricetus, light brown with a The hamster commonly seen black belly and white areas on as a pet is the Syrian or the face; and 2) the Chinese golden hamster, Mesocricetus hamster, Cricetulus griseus, auratus. They are a light characterized by a black dor- golden brown color. sal strip and a light brown to gray and white coat color. Hamsters are nocturnal, their gestation period is ex- Robert J. Russell is Director, Lab- oratory Animal Sciences Program, tremely short (14 days), and Program Resources Inc., Freder- they have extensive cheek ick, Md. Jim A. Stunkard is pouches to carry food and Director of the Bowie Animal move their babies from one Hospital, Bowie, Md. location to another. The ham- Hamsters 509 Hamsters are escape artists, so get a secure, solid cage. Clean, fresh water should be available contin- uously. Hard- wood chips, ground corncobs and shredded paper all make good bedding materials. \4'i.4-.l^. t^Wj-r. ^-^^..-^v 510 Rabbits and Other Small Animals ANIMAL HEALTH ster uses pigmented flank a day. Pelleted rodent feeds, organs (sebaceous glands), available commercially from located high on the thigh, for major feed suppliers, gener- territorial marking. ally are readily available and acceptable. Mixed seeds can Escape Artists be used as a treat. -
Mammals of Jordan
© Biologiezentrum Linz/Austria; download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Mammals of Jordan Z. AMR, M. ABU BAKER & L. RIFAI Abstract: A total of 78 species of mammals belonging to seven orders (Insectivora, Chiroptera, Carni- vora, Hyracoidea, Artiodactyla, Lagomorpha and Rodentia) have been recorded from Jordan. Bats and rodents represent the highest diversity of recorded species. Notes on systematics and ecology for the re- corded species were given. Key words: Mammals, Jordan, ecology, systematics, zoogeography, arid environment. Introduction In this account we list the surviving mammals of Jordan, including some reintro- The mammalian diversity of Jordan is duced species. remarkable considering its location at the meeting point of three different faunal ele- Table 1: Summary to the mammalian taxa occurring ments; the African, Oriental and Palaearc- in Jordan tic. This diversity is a combination of these Order No. of Families No. of Species elements in addition to the occurrence of Insectivora 2 5 few endemic forms. Jordan's location result- Chiroptera 8 24 ed in a huge faunal diversity compared to Carnivora 5 16 the surrounding countries. It shelters a huge Hyracoidea >1 1 assembly of mammals of different zoogeo- Artiodactyla 2 5 graphical affinities. Most remarkably, Jordan Lagomorpha 1 1 represents biogeographic boundaries for the Rodentia 7 26 extreme distribution limit of several African Total 26 78 (e.g. Procavia capensis and Rousettus aegypti- acus) and Palaearctic mammals (e. g. Eri- Order Insectivora naceus concolor, Sciurus anomalus, Apodemus Order Insectivora contains the most mystacinus, Lutra lutra and Meles meles). primitive placental mammals. A pointed snout and a small brain case characterises Our knowledge on the diversity and members of this order. -
<I>Psammomys Obesus</I>
Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science Vol 51, No 6 Copyright 2012 November 2012 by the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science Pages 769–774 Sex-Associated Effects on Hematologic and Serum Chemistry Analytes in Sand Rats (Psammomys obesus) Julie D Kane,1,* Thomas J Steinbach,1 Rodney X Sturdivant,2 and Robert E Burks3 We sought to determine whether sex had a significant effect on the hematologic and serum chemistry analytes in adult sand rats (Psammomys obesus) maintained under normal laboratory conditions. According to the few data available for this species, we hypothesized that levels of hematologic and serum chemistry analytes would not differ significantly between clinically normal male and female sand rats. Data analysis revealed several significant differences in hematologic parameters between male and female sand rats but none for serum biochemistry analytes. The following hematologic parameters were greater in male than in female sand rats: RBC count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, red cell hemoglobin content, and percentage monocytes. Red cell distribution width, hemoglobin distribution width, mean platelet volume, and percentage lymphocytes were greater in female than in male sand rats. The sex of adult sand rats is a source of variation that must be considered in terms of clinical and research data. The data presented here likely will prove useful in the veterinary medical management of sand rat colonies and provide baseline hematologic and serum chemistry analyte information for researchers wishing to use this species. Psammomys obesus, commonly called the sand rat or fat sand Sand rats currently are not raised at any commercial rodent rat, is a diurnal desert animal belonging to the family Muridae breeding farms in the United States. -
G-, C-, and NOR-Stained Karyotype of the Eversmann's Hamster Allocricetulus Eversmanni and Comparison with the Karyotype of Cr
Mammal Study 30: 89–91 (2005) © the Mammalogical Society of Japan Short communication G-, C-, and NOR-stained karyotype of the Eversmann’s hamster Allocricetulus eversmanni and comparison with the karyotype of Cricetulus species (Rodentia: Cricetinae) Irina V. Kartavtseva1,* and Aleksey V. Surov2 1 Institute of Biology and Soil Science, Far East Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia, 690022 2 A. N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Moscow, Russia, 119071 Differential chromosomal stainings for various species chromosomes was shown using Sumner’s (1972) modi- belonging to genera in the tribe Cricetini of the Eurasian fied C-banding technique. The locations of nucleolar Cricetinae including Cricetus, Cricetulus, Tscherskia, organizer regions (NORs) of metaphase chromosomes Phodopus, and Mesocricetus are available (Gamperl et were determined after 50% aqueous AgNO3 treatment al. 1978; Kartavtseva et al. 1979; Popescu and DiPaolo for 12 hours at 50–60°C (Bloom and Goodpasture 1976). 1980; Kral et al. 1984). Hitherto, however, no differen- The karyotype consisted of 24 autosomes (2n = 26, tial chromosomes stainings for species in the genus NF = 40): four pairs of metacentrics (M) and submeta- Allocricetulus have been described and the phylogenetic centrics (SM): one pair large, one pair medium and two position of this genus in the Cricetini, based on chro- pairs small, two pairs of large subtelocentrics (ST) and mosomal data, has not been determined. six pairs of acrocentrics (A), ranging from medium-sized The Eversmann’s hamster Allocricetus eversmanni to small. The X chromosome was a medium sized sub- Brandt, 1859 occurs in dry steppes and semi-deserts metacentric (Fig. -
Hearing Research Xxx (2012) 1E8
Hearing Research xxx (2012) 1e8 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Hearing Research journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/heares Review Sound transmission along the ossicular chain in common wild-type laboratory mice Wei Dong*, Polina Varavva, Elizabeth S. Olson Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Columbia University, P&S 11-452, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA article info abstract Article history: The use of genetically modified mice can accelerate progress in auditory research. However, the Received 25 July 2012 fundamental profile of mouse hearing has not been thoroughly documented. In the current study, we Received in revised form explored mouse middle ear transmission by measuring sound-evoked vibrations at several key points 12 October 2012 along the ossicular chain using a laser-Doppler vibrometer. Observations were made through an opening Accepted 12 November 2012 in pars flaccida. Simultaneously, the pressure at the tympanic membrane close to the umbo was Available online xxx monitored using a micro-pressure-sensor. Measurements were performed in C57BL mice, which are widely used in hearing research. Our results show that the ossicular local transfer function, defined as the ratio of velocity to the pressure at the tympanic membrane, was like a high-pass filter, almost flat at frequencies above w15 kHz, decreasing rapidly at lower frequencies. There was little phase accumulation along the ossicles. Our results suggested that the mouse ossicles moved almost as a rigid body. Based on these 1-dimensional measurements, the malleuseincus-complex primarily rotated around the anatomical axis passing through the gonial termination of the anterior malleus and the short process of the incus, but secondary motions were also present. -
Arvicolinae and Outgroup Mitochondrial Genome Accession Numbers
Supplementary Materials: Table S1: Arvicolinae and outgroup mitochondrial genome accession numbers. Species Name Accession Number Lasiopodomys brandtii MN614478.1 Lasiopodomys mandarinus JX014233.1 Lasiopodomys gregalis MN199169.1 Microtus fortis fortis JF261174.1 Microtus fortis calamorum JF261175.1 Microtus kikuchii AF348082.1 Neodon irene NC016055.1 Neodon fuscus MG833880.1 Neodon sikimensis KU891252.1 Microtus rossiaemeridionalis DQ015676.1 Microtus levis NC008064.1 Microtus arvalis MG948434.1 Terricola subterraneus MN326850.1 Microtus agrestis MH152570.1 Microtus richardsoni MT225016.1 Microtus ochrogaster KT166982.1 Proedromys liangshanensis FJ463038.1 Arvicola amphibius MN122828.1 Myodes regulus NC016427.1 Myodes rufocanus KT725595.1 Myodes rutilus MK482363.1 Myodes glareolus KF918859.1 Eothenomys melanogaster KP997311.1 Eothenomys miletus KX014874.1 Eothenomys chinensis FJ483847.1 Eothenomys Inez KU200225.1 Ondatra zibethicus KU177045.1 Dicrostonyx hudsonius KX683880.1 Dicrostonyx groenlandicus KX712239.1 Dicrostonyx torquatus MN792940.1 Prometheomys schaposchnikowi NC049036.1 Cricetulus griseus DQ390542.2 Peromyscus polionotus KY707301.1 Sigmodon hispidus KY707311.1 Mus musculus V00711.1 Table S2: Sequenced Wildwood Trust water vole samples. Sample Sample Enclosure Local ID Sex No. Type No. 1 Tissue TB31 - - 2 Tissue WW46 - - 3 Tissue WW0304/34 - Male 4 Tissue WW34/39 - - 5 Hair Q88 - Male 6 Hair Q100 - Male 7 Hair R95 - Male 8 Hair R12 - Male 9 Hair R28 - Male 10 Hair Q100 - Male 11 Faecal R2 2228 Male 12 Faecal Q52 2245 Female 13 Faecal Q42 2218 Female 14 Faecal Q7 2264 Female 15 Faecal Q75a 2326 Female 16 Faecal R50 2232 Male 17 Faecal R51 2225 Male 18 Faecal Q58 2314 Male 19 Faecal Q100 2185 Female 20 Faecal R27 2445 Female Table S3: Additional water vole sequences from previous publications. -
Tissue Specific Regulatory Network Annotation for Non-Coding Elements
Quantitative Biology 2020, 8(1): 43–50 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40484-020-0195-4 RESEARCH ARTICLE ZokorDB: tissue specificregulatorynetwork annotation for non-coding elements of plateau zokor Jingxue Xin1,6,7,†, Junjun Hao2,†, Lang Chen1, Tao Zhang3, Lei Li1,5,7, Luonan Chen3,5, Wenmin Zhao4, Xuemei Lu2,5, Peng Shi2,5,*, Yong Wang1,5,7,* 1 CEMS, NCMIS, MDIS, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China 2 State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Laboratory of Evolutionary and Functional Genomics, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China 3 Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China 4 Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China 5 Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China 6 Department of Statistics, Department of Biomedical Data Science, Bio-X Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA 7 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China * Correspondence: [email protected], [email protected] Received September 4, 2019; Revised December 16, 2019; Accepted December 23, 2019 Background: Plateau zokor inhabits in sealed burrows from 2,000 to 4,200 meters at Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. This extreme living environment makes it a great model to study animal adaptation to hypoxia, low temperature, and high carbon dioxide concentration. Methods: We provide an integrated resource, ZokorDB, for tissue specific regulatory network annotation for zokor. -
Oxytocin and Vasopressin Immunoreactive Staining in the Brains of Brandt's Voles (Lasiopodomys Brandtii) and Greater Long-Ta
Neuroscience 169 (2010) 1235–1247 OXYTOCIN AND VASOPRESSIN IMMUNOREACTIVE STAINING IN THE BRAINS OF BRANDT’S VOLES (LASIOPODOMYS BRANDTII) AND GREATER LONG-TAILED HAMSTERS (TSCHERSKIA TRITON) L. XU,a Y. PAN,a K. A. YOUNG,b Z. WANGb neural mechanisms. Using a comparative approach, re- AND Z. ZHANGa* markable differences have been found in several types of aState Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and social behaviors, and these differences, when grouped Rodents in Agriculture, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of together, constitute general life strategies. Species that Sciences, Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, PR China follow a monogamous life strategy, for example, usually bDepartment of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida exhibit high levels of social affiliation among individuals, State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA biparental care for their offspring, and selective aggression towards unfamiliar conspecifics (Kleiman, 1977; Dews- Abstract—Immunoreactive (ir) staining of the neuropeptides bury, 1987). In contrast, non-monogamous species tend to oxytocin (OT) and vasopressin (AVP) was performed in the be solitary, less affiliative, and more aggressive. Such brains of Brandt’s voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii) and greater species differences in behavior may reflect evolutionary long-tailed hamsters (Tscherskia triton)—two species that differ pressure and/or a specific adaptation to the environment. remarkably in social behaviors. Social Brandt’s voles had In addition, such differences may indicate potential under- higher densities of OT-ir cells in the medial preoptic area (MPOA) and medial amygdala (MeA) as well as higher densities lying species differences in the central nervous system. of AVP-ir cells in the lateral hypothalamus (LH) compared to Several elegant rodent models have been developed solitary greater long-tailed hamsters.