Final Report for Australian Department for Foreign A airs and Trade January 2010 - December 2014
European Union Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme II (CDMP II) Acknowledgements 01 Executive Summary 01 A Note on Project Duration 02 Risk & Vulnerability Context 03 CONTENT Summary of Top Results 05
Major Achievements in Information & Communication Outcome Areas 07 Technology 68
Professionalizing DM System in Bangladesh 07 Chalenges, Lesson Learned Rural Risk Reduction 18 73 Urban Risk Reduction 26 Preparedness & Response 34 Financial Progress Mainstreaming DRR & CCA into 78 Sectoral Policies and Planning 41 Community Level Climate Change Adaptation 59 Way Forward 81 Monitoring and Evaluation 63
Technical Support to the Ministry 63 Monitoring Tools and Assessments 63 Impact Evaluation by Eminence 64 LDRRF Independent Monitoring 65 Value for Money Estimates 66 Message from Mofazzal Hossain Chowdhury Maya, Minister Ministry of Disaster Management and Relief
On behalf of the Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh, I would like to Message from the express my sincere thanks to the Government and the people of Australia for their valuable suppport to the Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme (CDMP), Phase II. The National Project Director programme has helped my Ministry a lot in the past ve years through its support to our legal framework for disaster management. It is my great pleasure to present Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme-CDMP’s, Final Report (January 2010 – December 2014), which gives an overview of our achievements and challenges over the ve years. The Programme would not have been possible without the continuous support of our government, donors, stakeholders, our partners through whom we implemented the project and of course the dedication of our sta .
On behalf of CDMP, I thank you all for your kind support to make a better Bangladesh. Message from Md. Shah Kamal, Secretary Ministry of Disaster Management and Relief Mohammad Abdul Qayyum National Project Director, CDMP II Additional Secretary Bangladesh has made a paradigm shift from relief to risk reduction culture. The Ministry of Ministry of Disaster Management and Relief Disaster Management and Relief has achieved its goal in this regard to a certain extent through its Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme (CDMP), Phase II. It is worth mentioning that our students are now learning about disaster risks and climate change issues throughout their student life which will have a positive, lasting e ect in disaster management. Di erent ministries/agencies of our government are now putting into practice many of the initiatives taken by CDMP II which will bene t especially the most vulnerable section of people in coming years. The lessons learnt, capacities developed under CDMP project are praiseworthy. There are still areas/dimensions where there is scope for further development. I hope that our development partners would come forward to work with the Government of Bangladesh for making Bangladesh a disaster resilient country. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Acknowledgements The overall goal of CDMP II was to further reduce the country's vulnerability to adverse natural undergo mandatory training on disaster management, for the rst time, as part of their and anthropogenic events – including cyclones, oods, tidal surges, earthquakes, climate basic training at the Bangladesh Public Administration Training Centre and this has been CDMP wishes to thank the change and variability – through technical assistance in risk reduction and comprehensive augmented for many hundreds more through a wide variety of refresher, on the job and Government of Australia, disaster management activities. The approach of CDMP II was to channel support through overseas training. Today the level of skill and knowledge within the public sector has Department for Foreign A airs and government and development partners, civil society and NGOs into a people-oriented disaster never been higher. Trade, for their support to the management and risk reduction partnership. That partnership has promoted cooperation, provided coordination, ranked priority programmes and projects, and allocated resources to The Local Disaster Risk Reduction Fund has markedly reduced the vulnerability to programme, alongside the disaster management activities, risk reduction activities and climate change adaptation millions of the poorest Bangladeshis in 40 districts and provided them the means to Governments of Norway, Sweden activities in Bangladesh. protect their lives and livelihoods. Our work on improving the knowledge base has been and the United Kingdom, along with extremely successful with the publication and wide dissemination of hundreds of the European Commission. When one summarizes the many achievements and activities of the programme it is sometimes unique pieces of research across a broad thematic spectrum. This knowledge is now di cult to capture what all the activity adds up to in terms of the big picture. In 2004 the rst easily accessible in a Department of Disaster Management e-library available at no cost phase of the Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme set out to help the Government globally. of Bangladesh develop and implement its emerging policy aspirations at the eld level and to Credits achieve a paradigm shift from a predominantly relief and response focus to a risk reduction CDMP I and II were implemented during the same time period as the Hyogo Framework Peter Medway based approach. for Action. Indeed the CDMP model slightly preceded and anticipated the HFA. Bangladesh was, then, an early adopter and made a strong commitment to the Goran Jonsson After 10 years it is clear that this paradigm shift has been achieved in terms of awareness, implementation of the HFA and, with the support of CDMP has achieved most of the Md. Abu Sumon knowledge and ambition of key institutions and, as a result, some fundamental and sustainable expectations embodied in the ve key pillars. As 2015 approached CDMP II has played a Md Abdul Quayyum changes have been catalysed in the country’s way of working and its disaster management signi cant role supporting the Government in the formulation of its position for the priorities. Sendai Framework for Action and the new Sustainable Development Goals.
CDMP II has provided nancing and technical assistance to a large number of ministries and No large programme is without its problems and challenges and CDMP II is not an departments that has built new human resource and institutional capacity to manage disaster exception. With the bene t of hindsight a number of things would no doubt have been risks in a sustainable manner. Signi cant changes in governmental processes, for example the done di erently. However, the project has generated some useful learning from things requirement that all new development programmes must be appraised with climate and that did not work as well as from those that did and this will be applied in future e orts disaster risk assessments in order to receive approval for implementation, is changing to reduce disaster and climate vulnerability both in Bangladesh and worldwide. At the permanently the way that Bangladesh makes choices. CDMP II has also undertaken time of writing a high level delegation from the Government of Sudan is in Dhaka to fundamental work on mapping the risk environment, for example extending its seismic learn from this experience in order to implement a comprehensive disaster vulnerability atlas to incorporate an additional six major cities. Many of these initiatives are management approach in their country. being sustained through nancing through the government machinery or through new development programmes. UNDP has also taken the initiative to mainstream some of its main As the Government of Bangladesh and its partner UNDP re ect on the achievements of learning and methodologies in its biggest development programmes country wide. CDMP II and thanks the people and Government of Australia for its steadfast support to the most vulnerable Bangladeshis, we can be sure of one thing. Future work to support The project has utilized a people centred approach that has proven to be high impact. Its work and strengthen the resilience of Bangladesh to its disaster and climate risks will build on to professionalize the disaster management system has resulted in the creation of hundreds of the very strong foundations and the many promising, highly cost e ective approaches new graduates with a professional quali cation to start their careers. All new civil servants now that CDMP II has implemented.
01 A Note on Project Duration
It was clear by the end of 2013 that CDMP II was not going to achieve full implementation by its The overall goal of CDMP II was to further reduce the country's vulnerability to adverse natural undergo mandatory training on disaster management, for the rst time, as part of their intended end date of 31/12/2014. In January and anthropogenic events – including cyclones, oods, tidal surges, earthquakes, climate basic training at the Bangladesh Public Administration Training Centre and this has been UNDP began discussions with the MoDMR and change and variability – through technical assistance in risk reduction and comprehensive augmented for many hundreds more through a wide variety of refresher, on the job and development partners to extend the project disaster management activities. The approach of CDMP II was to channel support through overseas training. Today the level of skill and knowledge within the public sector has government and development partners, civil society and NGOs into a people-oriented disaster never been higher. duration by one year on a no cost basis. Over management and risk reduction partnership. That partnership has promoted cooperation, time a strategy for the additional one year of provided coordination, ranked priority programmes and projects, and allocated resources to The Local Disaster Risk Reduction Fund has markedly reduced the vulnerability to implementation was developed in close disaster management activities, risk reduction activities and climate change adaptation millions of the poorest Bangladeshis in 40 districts and provided them the means to consultation with key stakeholders that focused activities in Bangladesh. protect their lives and livelihoods. Our work on improving the knowledge base has been on achieving sustainability of major results. extremely successful with the publication and wide dissemination of hundreds of During this period it was made clear that, due to When one summarizes the many achievements and activities of the programme it is sometimes unique pieces of research across a broad thematic spectrum. This knowledge is now di cult to capture what all the activity adds up to in terms of the big picture. In 2004 the rst easily accessible in a Department of Disaster Management e-library available at no cost a change of government policy the Australian phase of the Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme set out to help the Government globally. Department for Foreign A airs and Trade would of Bangladesh develop and implement its emerging policy aspirations at the eld level and to not participate in the extension period. This, achieve a paradigm shift from a predominantly relief and response focus to a risk reduction CDMP I and II were implemented during the same time period as the Hyogo Framework along with the No Cost Extension, was agreed based approach. for Action. Indeed the CDMP model slightly preceded and anticipated the HFA. by the Project Steering Committee on Bangladesh was, then, an early adopter and made a strong commitment to the September 21st, 2014. UNDP committed to After 10 years it is clear that this paradigm shift has been achieved in terms of awareness, implementation of the HFA and, with the support of CDMP has achieved most of the knowledge and ambition of key institutions and, as a result, some fundamental and sustainable expectations embodied in the ve key pillars. As 2015 approached CDMP II has played a produce a nal report for the Australian changes have been catalysed in the country’s way of working and its disaster management signi cant role supporting the Government in the formulation of its position for the Government by 30th June, 2015, in line with the priorities. Sendai Framework for Action and the new Sustainable Development Goals. cooperation agreement.
CDMP II has provided nancing and technical assistance to a large number of ministries and No large programme is without its problems and challenges and CDMP II is not an It should be noted that some major activities departments that has built new human resource and institutional capacity to manage disaster exception. With the bene t of hindsight a number of things would no doubt have been had not been completed by December 2014 risks in a sustainable manner. Signi cant changes in governmental processes, for example the done di erently. However, the project has generated some useful learning from things requirement that all new development programmes must be appraised with climate and that did not work as well as from those that did and this will be applied in future e orts and continued to be implemented in 2015. As a disaster risk assessments in order to receive approval for implementation, is changing to reduce disaster and climate vulnerability both in Bangladesh and worldwide. At the result, there is expected to be some di erence permanently the way that Bangladesh makes choices. CDMP II has also undertaken time of writing a high level delegation from the Government of Sudan is in Dhaka to between what can be reported as the outcomes fundamental work on mapping the risk environment, for example extending its seismic learn from this experience in order to implement a comprehensive disaster of the programme as of December 2014 and vulnerability atlas to incorporate an additional six major cities. Many of these initiatives are management approach in their country. what will be reported as the outcomes by being sustained through nancing through the government machinery or through new December 2015. In addition some important development programmes. UNDP has also taken the initiative to mainstream some of its main As the Government of Bangladesh and its partner UNDP re ect on the achievements of learning and methodologies in its biggest development programmes country wide. CDMP II and thanks the people and Government of Australia for its steadfast support to documentation of the programme, including the most vulnerable Bangladeshis, we can be sure of one thing. Future work to support the nal evaluation and various reports of The project has utilized a people centred approach that has proven to be high impact. Its work and strengthen the resilience of Bangladesh to its disaster and climate risks will build on project outcomes achieved by our partners will to professionalize the disaster management system has resulted in the creation of hundreds of the very strong foundations and the many promising, highly cost e ective approaches be nalised by the end of 2015. UNDP will share new graduates with a professional quali cation to start their careers. All new civil servants now that CDMP II has implemented. all of these reports with Australia DFAT in due course. 02 Risk & Vulnerability Context
Bangladesh is a low lying deltaic country in south Asia formed by the Ganges, the Brahmaputra and the Meghna rivers. The geographical location, land characteristics, multiplicity of rivers and the monsoon climate render Bangladesh highly vulnerable to natural and climatic induced hazards.
It is one of the world’s densely populated countries and one of the most vulnerable to the impacts of climatic and natural hazards. Two-thirds of the country is less than 5 meters above sea level, and in an average year, a quarter of the country is inundated. Bangladesh has experienced severe oods every 4 to Vulnerability 5 years that may cover more than 60% of land areas, resulting in signi cant losses. in the coastal zone is especially acute, No area of Bangladesh is free from risk, but vulnerability in the coastal zone is especially acute, with an estimated 38.5 million people living in 19 coastal districts. In broad terms it is the rural poor that inhabit with an estimated the most vulnerable areas and are at the greatest risk. People in Bangladesh are with high exposure 38.5 million habituated to live and cope with risks. However, this has also culturally led to high risk tolerance levels, people living in with people generally tending to disregard possibilities of potential loss or damage if the risk is not very 19 coastal evident. districts.
The majority of people living in Bangladesh are highly dependent on natural resources, and when ecosystems become more fragile, communities are directly a ected. Both men and women experience loss in livelihoods, physical and mental hardships in coping with shocks, but women face the consequences more acutely because they are primarily responsible for food supply, water collection, and caring for and protecting children and the elderly.
The social, economic and political barriers women face limit their coping capacity and unequal access to assets, incomes, sources of food, information and decision-making processes mean that women are disproportionately a ected by climate-induced natural hazards .
03 Tangible improvements in early warning, preparedness, response and in building community resilience have resulted in a signi cant reduction in the loss of lives. However, the economic losses through damage or destruction of critical infrastructure systems, livelihoods (assets, houses, livestock), crops and development investments continue to remain high, owing to the high level of risk exposure and vulnerability to the various shocks and stresses (the inability of the infrastructure, asset or livelihood to withstand the shocks and stresses) from climatic and natural hazards and events. Vulnerability and social exclusion compound the impact of economic loss resulting from shocks. Women headed households are most at risk because their poverty rate is higher than that of men headed households in agricultural districts . There are other factors that contribute to such losses, including poor and/or illegal land-use, poor urban and rural development and non-compliance with policy and building codes.
Despite these challenges, Bangladesh has seen signi cant results achieved in terms of economic growth, poverty reduction and improvements in health and education levels. During 2000-2010, the rate of poverty decreased by 1.7 percentage points per year, falling from 49% in 2000 to 31.5% in 2010 .
Reducing risks and vulnerability have had signi cant economic bene ts and provided enhanced resilience for the rural poor. However, it is estimated that the direct annual cost of climatic hazards remains high. Over the period 1990-2008 has been $2,189 million or 1.8% of annual GDP . It is The World Bank’s estimate that 2.5 million industrial employment days will be a ected due to climatic impacts by 2030, rising to 70 million by 2100 . If climatic and other hazard risks are not factored into long-term development and economic planning, these costs are likely to increase in absolute terms and as a proportion of GDP .
04 Summary of Top Results
Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015: Building the Resilience of Nations and Communities to Disaster
Bangladesh 30,000 trained 9 Rules under 3 million people achieved the and equipped newly enacted more resilient to disaster and climate change through intended urban community Disaster implementation of rural and outcomes of the volunteers in 6 major Management Act urban DRR and CCA schemes. cities mobilized for disaster Hyogo Framework 2012 developed by MoDMR preparedness and response. through wider consultative For Action The urban volunteers proved process. The approval of the UNISDR validated their crucial value in rescue developed directives and rules Bangladesh's achievement as operation during Rana Plaza create a policy landmark to among the best performing disaster in April 2013. ensure sustainability of CDMP countries in Asia. initiatives.
010305 About 22 million Increased lead time 115 million people 391 knowledge students now have direct from 3 days to 5 have access to cell phone products ll critical access to speci c DRR & CCA based early warning system gaps in DM system. Now days now for oods knowledge and information due to for possible natural disasters. easily accessible through forecasting potentially saving incorporation of DRR-CCA issues in DDM’s e-library. lives, livelihood and assets of 88 the curricula of 39 textbooks from million people in major river class 3 to 12 through National basins. Curricula and Textbook Board.
0604 Major Achievements in Outcome Areas
Professionalizing DM System in Bangladesh Regional Consultation Workshop on Policy Support rules for Disaster Management Act 2012 CDMP-II supported the drafting of the National Disaster Management Act (NDMA) 1 which was enacted in 2012 by the parliament. As a result, the Ministry of Food and Disaster Management (MoFDM) was separated into two ministries, the Ministry of Disaster Management and Relief (MoDMR) The Act required several rules and guidelines to be prepared to support its and Ministry of Food. The Disaster Management Bureau (DMB) & the implementation. CDMP took the initiative to draft 9 rules: Directorate of Relief and Rehabilitation (DRR) were merged into the present Disaster Management Department (DDM). Rules for National Level Disaster Management Committees The Bangla version of the Standing Orders on Disaster (SOD) is also nalized and The Rules for the National Level Disaster Management Committee, local ready for publication. response coordination group and local Disaster Management Committees were approved and enacted in January 2015. The rules for Rules for National Disaster Response Coordination Group-NDRCG. the DM Fund, DM performance, emergency requisitions, and the Rules for Local Level Disaster Response Coordination Groups Research and Training Institute have been drafted and submitted to MoDMR for review. In addition, the Standing Orders on Disaster was Rules for Local Level Disaster Management Committees updated (in both English and Bangla) and published in 2010 (5,650 copies). The DM Act 2012 was translated into English for international Rules for Constitution of Disaster Management Fund and Relief Depot 2014 audience. The National Plan for Disaster Management 2010 – 2015 was launched in 2010 and has been reviewed in 2015 with recommendations Rules for Awards, Incentives, allowances for DM performance for the next edition, 2016-2020 presented to MoDMR for consideration. Rules for Requisition in Emergencies CDMP II has contributed signi cant technical input to the preparation of the Seventh Five Year Plan, ensuring that disaster risk management was Rules for National Disaster Research & Training Institute included as a speci c chapter for the rst time. Rules for National Disaster Volunteer Organization
1. See http://www.modmr.gov.bd/site/view/law
07 Disaster Management Knowledge and Practical Guidance
CDMP II has been extremely active, in partnership with a wide range of institutions, in the publication and dissemination of practical guidelines on DRR. These guidelines are intended to drive up standards throughout the disaster management system and to reduce costs by standardizing approaches where possible. A good example is the Cyclone Shelter Construction and Maintenance Guideline, published in English and Bangla in 2011.2 This guideline set the standard for the construction of many hundreds of new cyclone shelters built by the GoB and international partners and has, among other things, ensured a greater inclusion of the needs of women and girls, through a requirement for separate female toilets. CDMP II has also nanced the development and dissemination of several other practical guidelines for risk reduction 3 including for:
Community Risk Assessment Installation of deep tube Guideline 4, for both rural wells in saline prone and urban settings, with the coastal areas with the Ministry of Disaster Department of Public Management and Relief Health Engineering (DPHE)
Union Disaster Management Hospital Non-Structural 6 Operations Manual 5 with the Vulnerability Assessment Department for Disaster with the Directorate Management (DDM) General of Health Services (DGHS)
Multi Stakeholder Review Workshops at the divisional level on DM Rules
SODs are very valid of the range of work which Bangladesh undertakes in DM “areas, they cover responding to disaster, preparing for disasters and working for sustainable post disaster activities. The DM Act is enforcing DM rules, regulation and mechanisms, which are enabling Bangladesh to better, 2.See http://modmr.portal.gov.bd/sites/default/ les/ les/modmr.portal.gov.bd/policies 3. A full list of publications in included in annex. address these issues.” 4. See http://www.kmp.dmic.org.bd/handle/123456789/231 5. http://www.kmp.dmic.org.bd/handle/123456789/40 Mr. Nazmul Azam Khan 6. http://www.kmp.dmic.org.bd/handle/123456789/246 Disaster Management Coordinator, BDRCS 08 The e-library stores materials useful to not only the disaster People will be able to know about disaster management “management practitioners but also the development through“ visiting the website and also become conscious partners, individuals and organisations involved in disaster about the issue after visiting the website. It will help management. It is really helping us to design our Urban people to combat against natural disasters.” Resilience programme focusing on earthquake.” Anisuzzaman Chowdhury, Senior Programme O cer, Mofazzal Hossain Chowdhury Maya, Minister, Disaster Management and Climate Change, JICA Disaster Management and Relief
In 2014, an interactive online DM Library was Online established (www.dmic.org.bd/e-library) to DM Library facilitate easy access to CDMP’s knowledge products and is now accessible by all. It currently has more than 391 knowledge materials uploaded. It was launched in June 2014, by the Disaster Management and Relief Minister Mofazzal Hossain Chowdhury Maya and it was also globally shared.
The e-library is designed to be a one stop information hub for disaster and climate change adaptation information in Bangladesh. The e-library will be sustained by the DDM in the long term. At the district level CDMP II has established district resource centres in all 64 districts (in the 391 knowledge products. DRRO O ce) across the country, and supplied with Upazila DMIC furniture and knowledge materials in order to Nearly 1 million searches, facilitate access to up to date DM knowledge at the 72,000 document downloads and local level. 41,000 hits performed since March, 2014.
09 With the initial support from CDMP we set up Institute of Disaster I am now working in UNDP's Early Recovery Facility project after “Management and Vulnerability Studies in the University of Dhaka and “completing my Masters in Disaster Management in 2013 from the started Bachelor, Masters and Post-Graduation courses. The course is now University of Dhaka. Thanks to CDMP II for providing me partial very popular and last year we received 400 applications against 40 seats.” nancial support and a research grant to complete my masters.” Professor Mahbuba Nasreen, Director, IDMVS, University of Dhaka. Md. Abdul Awal Sarkar
For the rst time disaster and climate change adaptation has been included into the pre-service and in-service training for civil servants at all levels. This is a sustainable and cost e ective method to ensure that relevant skills and knowledge are built. CDMP supported the Bangladesh Public Administration Training Centre (BPATC) to introduce new DRR and CCA content in its regular Foundation Course for the new recruits to the civil service. BPATC also integrated DRR and CCA into their Advanced Course on Administration and Development for Deputy Secretaries and into their Senior Sta Course for Joint Secretaries and above. Every year more than a thousand o cials are being trained by the centre.
Today 17 Bangladeshi universities and 11 training institutions have integrated DRR & CCA issues in their educational curricula. The support provided by CDMP II included the establishment of faculty/7 department 8 /institute.9 These Institutions are now providing, for the rst time in most cases, bachelors and master’s degree courses in disaster management as well as diploma & certi cate courses. A student receives a Masters degree in disaster management CDMP has paid partial tuition fees and research grants for 944 masters and research students who are from BRAC University, one of three private universities in Bangladesh, where students can formally study disaster now helping to strengthen the evidence base on disaster and climate related issues for the future. preparedness and response.
CDMP has further supported these institutions by providing more than 2000 copies of 542 di erent Bangladesh teaches disaster preparedness to reduce risk - reference titles and has equipped two institutions with modern GI/RS Labs.10 IRIN News http://www.irinnews.org/printreport.aspx?reportid=99488 Photo: BRAC University 7. Patuakhali Science and Technology University; URL: http://www.pstu.ac.bd/faculties/search/faculty/disaster 8. Department of Disaster Science and Management; http://www.dsmdu.com 9. Institute of Disaster Management and Vulnerability Studies; www.du.ac.bd/department/common/institute_home.php 10. Dhaka University and Begum Rokeya University Rangpur 10 11 e-learning centres in 9 universities and 2 research & training institutes (RDA and BARD) have been established.
In parallel, CDMP also introduced two online e-learning certi cate courses in both Bangla and English (http://elearning.cdmp.org.bd/). 11 e-learning centres in 9 universities and 2 research & training institutes (RDA and BARD) have also been established enabling future intakes of students to access the vast amount of disaster information on the internet. The modules are also hosted in the Bangladesh Public Administration Training Center (BPATC) website.11
At the local level CDMP has supported the capacity development of about 3000 Union and Upazila DMC members in partnership with NGOs and the NILG.
Training has focused on the essential roles and responsibilities of these organizations as described by the SOD. The Upazila DMCs have all been connected to the Dhaka based DDM through Upazila level information management centres to facilitate the transmission of disaster related information to the centre and training has been provided to the relevant I strongly believe the training will help the members of the Disaster Management sta . “Committee, who attended this course, in many ways and as they are already working in Disaster Management area so the knowledge of the training program will help them to become better trainers in this sector. The trainees of today are the trainers of tomorrow and this is how the knowledge is transmitting to build a skilled nation. “ 11. http://elearning.bpatc.org.bd/mods/login/index.php Md. Kamrul Hasan, Deputy Commissioner, Moulovibazar 11 “Coastal Areas are always vulnerable to di erent natural disasters and as a journalist from Barguna I was looking for training on climate change and disaster risk management. In 2014 I got a chance to participate in a two-day training on Climate Change Reporting organized by the Press Institute of Bangladesh (PIB) and CDMP II. Now in my reporting I can easily use the knowledge that I captured from that training and can refer the knowledge materials provided in the training”. Mush que Arif, Senior Reporter of Maasranga Television, Barguna
Communication and access to information
E ective reduction of vulnerability depends on the knowledge, awareness and behaviour of individuals and communities. Consequently communication of appropriate knowledge is important. In partnership with the Press Institute of Bangladesh (PIB) CDMP II updated curricula for the mass media department in Rajshahi University in order to ensure journalism graduates were interested in, sensitive to and ready to report on disaster management issues. CDMP II, in partnership with PIB, facilitated the training of 439 local level journalists in 19 districts on the topic of DRR and CCA for informed media reporting. Community radio continues to play an important role in Bangladesh, despite the increase in media channels of all kinds.
This is particularly true for the poorest people. 14 community radio stations around the country have aired more than 3920 hours of program, developed with CDMP II’s support by the Bangladesh NGOs Network for Radio and Communication (BNNRC), on di erent hazards in local “Radio Chilmari is giving the right information at the right time to my dialects. CDMP II estimates the audience size for such broadcasts to be at least 14 million people. local people, reducing the loss of lives and livelihoods in disasters” 1200 radio sets were distributed to listener groups in the broadcast areas of the community radio stations to further increase access to information. Shawkat Ali Sarkar (Bir Bikrom), Chairman Chilmari Upazila Parishad, Kurigram The MoDMR established the National Disaster Response Coordination Center (NDRCC) to support decision making through the timely delivery of information to apex committees under the SOD. All CDMP II’s GIS products are being made available through an online Coordination capacity has also been enhanced by the connection of the Prime Minister’s O ce, geo-information tool, enabling users to overlay various information the Armed Forces Division and the DDM by video conferencing. Regular Situation Reports during products and to produce their own bespoke maps. disasters were produced by the NDRCC to share information about disaster loss, damage and response. These situation reports were also disseminated by the DMIC. CDMP II has prepared a Disaster Information Management Strategy to enable the Government to have a longer term vision of its information management needs and to make the best choices regarding future investment. In 2015 CDMP II is providing support to integrate a range of information tools through the establishment of a SAHANA platform. 12 People are now aware of Natural Disasters “We had ood in 2014 and before that I heard news and programs about the ood in the radio. I shared it with my wife and planned accordingly, so that the damage was less than before and we didn’t face any major problem after the ood. This sort of program should be aired throughout the year.”
Manik Mia from Naogaon, one of the ood prone areas in Bangladesh, shared his experience about Naogaon Barendra Radio.
Radio cyclone warnings save thousands of lives prevention, resilience, and recovery that puts access to information at the forefront. One important aspect of the UNDP-supported programme is its ability to provide accurate information through community radio and mobile phone technologies, to Monu Mia is no stranger to cyclones. help people make the right decisions.
“I have survived several cyclones, but the memory of losing my family in a cyclone CDMP encouraged community radio stations to create local listening clubs, engaging stays with me,” shares the sherman. Mia comes from an impoverished community of shermen, housewives, students, and tea stall visitors to expand their listening base shermen in Moheshkhali, Bangladesh. and ensure the highest reach.
Speaking softly Mia explains that shermen previously depended on traditional In 2013, as Cyclone Mahasen brewed in the Bay of Bengal, CDMP II distributed 1200 prediction methods for cyclones or bad weather before going to sea. Predictions were high bandwidth radios and batteries to fourteen community radio broadcasters, who based on reading changes in natural phenomena, and what warnings the in turn distributed them to their listening clubs. government disseminated via media channels or microphone were mostly ine ective, ine cient, and didn’t reach everyone. “As soon as we heard of the depression in the bay we informed disaster management committees at the district and sub-district level,” says Md Abdul Wajed, Former “When Gorky hit, I couldn’t warn my family and others around us to take necessary Director General of Bangladesh’s Department of Disaster Management. “They have preparations,” Mia says of the 1991 cyclone that claimed upwards of 138,000 lives in various ways of informing communities of an incoming cyclone such as going door to Bangladesh. door, and nowadays through the use of community radio.”
For millions of people in Bangladesh, Myanmar and India who are in the path of The community radio stations situated in the coastal zone also extended their cyclones, the choice had always been between eeing to safety or risking their lives to broadcasting hours, recognizing their importance after sensitizing workshops remain at home and protect their livestock and assets from being looted. organized by CDMP.
In helping communities balance these two priorities, accurate information has always “The situation is di erent as the community radio Naf has been airing regular been the key determinant. With the Comprehensive Disaster Management information updates, warning messages, and awareness programmes on disaster,” Mia Programme (CDMP II), Bangladesh has established a multi-level approach to says. In an e ort to reach out to as many listeners as possible, some of the programming was in a widely used local dialect. 13 Department, and Flood Forecasting and Warning Centre, also introduced an In the end, over 1.15 million people were evacuated by the Interactive Voice Response-based early warning system. By dialing “10941”, 110 government – an incredible feat that has likely saved million cell-phone users in Bangladesh have direct access to receive warnings of thousands of lives. approaching hydro-meteorological disasters.
The CDMP II intervention also helps community radio broadcasters produce quality Community radio and mobile technologies are just one aspect of CDMP’s work. They radio programming on disaster risk reduction (DRR) and climate change adaptation have empowered a dedicated team of volunteers who manage to not just inform (CCA) issues. It provided trainings to 28 master trainers covering both theoretical and millions who had previously been last in line for disaster information about imminent practical aspects of development and production of radio programs, including script risks, but also help move them to safety. CDMP has helped shift the e orts from writing, knowledge of DRR and CCA issue, and how to build audiences. disaster response to planning and preparedness for emergencies while also helping infrastructure development to assist people in times of disasters and even after. CDMP, in partnership with Bangladesh Teleltalk Ltd., Bangladesh Meteorological 14 International cooperation on disaster risk management
CDMP II’s design intended to link action in Bangladesh at the national and local level with international agreements in place in 2010, notably the Hyogo Framework for Action. CDMP provided essential technical, nancial and logistical support to the government of Bangladesh for the implementation of the HFA. As a result major achievements were made in each of the ve pillars. UNISDR validated these achievements and recognized Bangladesh for making very signi cant progress and as a leader among Asian nations. CDMP II has played an instrumental role in supporting a platform for DRR that has shaped government thinking and strategy for the Sendai Framework for Action agreed in March 2015.
CDMP II supported Bangladesh’s participation in many international events by preparation of country position papers, design of side events and nancing participation (26 o cials) in 4th Global Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction (GPDRR) – UNISDR in 25-28 October 2013 in Geneva ; 4th, 5th, and 6th Asian Ministerial Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction (AMCDRR) in Korea during 28-28 October in 2010, in Indonesia during 22-25 October in 2012 and in Thailand during 22-26 June in 2014 respectively; Climate Negotiations in 16th to 20th COP during 2010 – 2014; 6th and 8th Community based Adaptation Conference in Vietnam and Nepal during 2012 and 2014; Preparatory Committee, Bangladesh Delegation at the 6th Asian Ministerial and Second Session, in 2014. CDMP II supported Bangladesh’s participation in the Sendai Conference on DRR and Conference on DRR, Bangkok, Thailand, June 2014. underpinned a very proactive engagement in both negotiations and showcasing the progress Bangladesh made against the HFA targets.
HFA / HFA2; SAARC; AMCDDR etc. GLOBAL
DM Act 2012 SOD; NPDM 2010 - 15; Rules etc. NATIONAL Professionalisation Early Warning
LDRRF - nancing reduction and adaption LOCAL Local Government capacity building Risk assessment - CRA, RRAP School preparedness; disaster volunteers etc. 15 We have learned a lot from our “class books such as what are the common disasters in our country, how cyclone forms, what climate change is, and how we are to adapt it. Our book also teaches us how we should be prepared ahead. These learning makes us con dent that at the time of need we de nitely would be able to save ourselves and close ones “
Rasel Ahmed, Class V Teknaf
Education that promises a disaster resilient Bangladesh
Against the backdrop of Bangladesh being considered one of the most vulnerable countries of the world due to a large number of factors such as its geophysical location, adverse impact of climate change, weak governance, extremely dense population, rapid unplanned urbanization, and about 50 million people living in poverty and another 20-30 million people are just above the poverty, preparedness does matter in reducing loss of lives and property in the event of any disasters. Disaster preparedness encompasses a wide range of initiatives including education system reforms.
Supported by Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme (CDMP) the conventional education system has acknowledged and accepted the importance of building a culture of prevention, and incorporated disaster risk reduction (DRR) and climate change adaptation (CCA) in all levels of the education system from primary to tertiary level. 16 “I am an architect, I also teach at a Private “University on how to plan, design, and oversee the constructions of buildings. Constructions that can withstand seismic shock, follows land use planning; building code, address environmental issues and so on. Few years back I was working as a consultant for a cyclone shelter construction project in the coastal areas, I found I have huge shortcomings in understanding the multi-dimensional context of disasters. In my profession as a teacher and a consultant architect I have to be technically sound in transferring knowledge to future architects and to build disaster resilient structures. Accordingly, understanding disaster and climate risks and vulnerabilities becomes highest priority for me, and I choose to take on the Masters in Disaster Management course,” says Syed Munirul Islam, 6th Batch, MSDM, University of Dhaka.
Hundreds of similar stories can be heard at di erent public and private universities of Bangladesh o ering tertiary education in Disaster Management. Students from di erent walks of life, and disciplines such as engineers, doctors, bankers, development practitioners, re ghters, armed forces o cers, entrepreneurs, government o cers, teachers, urban planners, CDMP’s partnership with CDMP also partnered with 17 public and private universities and 11 disaster risk reduction practitioners, policy National Textbook and training institutes including Bangladesh Public Administration makers, fresh graduates are studying at these Curriculum Board (NCTB) Training Center (BPATC) to introduce Diploma, Bachelor and Masters universities. resulted incorporation of DRR Courses in Disaster Management. More than 22 million students and CCA contents in textbook now have access to DRR and CCA knowledge. curricula for Class III to XII.
17 Rural Risk Reduction 37,658 small-scale rural risk reduction interventions implemented About 73 per cent of the total population of Bangladesh lives in rural areas (BBS, 2012), and 40 Districts the majority of the rural areas 109 Upazilas are prone to a variety of disasters such as ash ood, ood, salinity, landslides, or drought. Implementation of a 3.48 million people total of 37,658 small scale rural directly & indirectly risk reduction interventions bene tted directly bene tted 1.38 million men and 1.19 million women (totally 3.48 million people of which direct bene ciaries 2.57 USD 17.72 million million, indirect bene ciaries 0.91 million) living in 109 invested since 2010 Upazilas of 40 districts. which comprised about Implementation of LDRRF 31 percent schemes created employment of total CDMP budget. for around 185,000 male and 30,000 female casual workers. Since 2010, a total of US$ 17.72 million was invested in rural risk reduction activities, which 185,000 comprised about 31 percent of male casual total budget delivery by CDMP II. workers employed
30,000 female casual workers employed 18 I am really happy to work together with CDMP as the“ works done by them, are ultimately bene ting the local poorest of the poor communities."
Mr. Mizanur Rahman, PIO, Pangsha Upazaila, Razbari
The Local Disaster Risk Reduction Fund (LDRRF)
LDRRF is an innovative funding mechanism under CDMP II. Its key objective is to support As far as sustainability of risk assessment is concerned it is evident that CRA has been the implementation of risk reduction activities by the local governments and NGOs on considered one of the key principles in almost all Policy Frameworks (DM Policy, the basis of Risk Reduction Action Plan (RRAP) developed through Community Risk National DM Plan, etc.) related to disaster management in Bangladesh. The disaster Assessment (CRA), the tool developed by CDMP to identify and address risks at the management model and disaster risk reduction strategy of Bangladesh government community level. Selection of interventions is based on CRA,12 FTRA and RRAP. These are was developed giving the signi cant importance of risk assessment at community the rst steps in identi cation of hazards in a speci c locality through participatory and level which is a great achievement of CDMP II. The Community Risk Assessment is a consultative processes. Once the CRA is completed, the Union would normally develop living document and it is expected that once a Union CRA is done this will be used and its RRAP with technical support from CDMP. The RRAP consists of prioritized risk updated in the future. These CRAs are available in the online DM library.14 reduction activities in that particular Union. The local Union, PIO and UNO then requested support to implement risk reduction activities based on the RRAP.
CDMP updated the Community Risk Assessment guideline developed in the rst phase, and printed it in both Bengali (500 copies) and English (200 copies) for wider dissemination. The CRA guideline was adopted by a range of disaster management organizations as a tool to develop local level disaster management plans and to undertake projects/interventions.13 National and international organizations such as Islamic Relief, Action-Aid, Oxfam, Save the Children, Plan, and CARITAS have also adopted the CRA guideline to develop their community based disaster management programs.
12. As a result of a slow start, CDMP II introduced a Fast Track Risk Assessment. This had the bene t of accelerating project identi cation, but in some cases undermined the participatory element of project selection. 13. Disaster Management Act (Section 20), National Plan for Disaster Management 2010-15, draft rules for Local DMCs and DM fund 14. Please see http://www.kmp.dmic.org.bd/handle/123456789/157
19 20 CDMP-II has implemented about 37.658 small-scale rural risk reduction interventions based on Community Risk Assessments (56 CRA and 307 FTRA).15 As the hazard pro les of the Districts, Upazilas, and Unions vary across the country and are often associated with multiple hazards, CDMP had to o er a set of multi-purpose risk reduction options for hazard speci c zones. For example, safe drinking water options are prioritized for those areas where salinity level has gone up into both surface and ground water compounded by arsenic contamination, and in areas with scarcity of both drinking and irrigation water due to a prolonged dry season. Disaster resilient houses and killas were provided in the cyclone and storm surge a ected areas, and house plinth/village mound raised in the ash/ ood a ected districts and unions. The infograph below shows a list of all the interventions as per their category.
109 56 Risk Assessment Shelter/Killa16 234 Non-farm Livelihood
The “Killa” is not only “protecting our lives but also our livelihoods. With the 314 2668 Water Option Disaster Resilient Rural Road & 6415 raised ground, during ood Embankment Houses Total thousands of local dwellers Interventions come here with their animals and protect themselves from ood. We have also 37,658 contributed from our own fund in addition to LDRRF to 8539 Sanitation 19,323 Livelihood 132,256 Trees Planted build a toilet and drinking Support water facility. We are thankful to LDRRF for supporting us."
Mr. Abdul Alim, Chairman Rowalia Union of Dhamrai Upazila
15. Fast Track Risk Assessment; this is a much shorter version of the original community based assessment process prescribed in di erent key government documents. This was introduced to achieve the targeted delivery within the project life. This had the bene t of accelerating project identi cation, but in some cases undermined the participatory element of project selection. 21 16. Raised earthen platform for livestock and movable assets used in case of cyclone shelter and ood/storm surge inundation. This is often constructed close to the cyclone shelters for the humans so that their assets are kept closer within their sight. Figure: LDRRF Process
DEFINING STRATEGY
Consulation With Local Dmcs
Prioritizing Policies Hazards/ Vulnerabilities
CRA/ RRAP Post Measurement CRA Revision/ FTRA IDENTIFICATION CLOSING Handing Over to Local Site Selection Government/ DMCs
Catogorizing Initial Schemes/projects PIC Formation Handing Over Designs to Consultation (Local Govt./DMCs) Implementing Agency DESIGN IMPLEMENTATION Designing Monitoring (Field Visits) PLANNING Veri cation of Schemes/ Dispute Management projects (Pre Survey) LAC
LTC
Contract Signing
APPROVAL PROCESS
22 Of the total planned delivery of USD 23.22m for rural risk reduction USD 17.72m was spent by LDRRF Rural Investment ( US$ 23.22m ) $ 2,097,788 the end of 2014 across 40 districts. Financing was distributed geographically according to an Cyclone, Storm Surge, Salinity and Walter Logging estimate of greatest vulnerability, with coastal $ 13,007,059 and ood a ected areas being paramount as Riverine Flood, Bank Erosion, and shown in the table above. $ 8,111,158 Drought
17 There are 19 coastal districts in Bangladesh out Flash Flood and Landslide of which CDMP has invested in 17 districts18 with a total amount of USD 13m. The region is vulnerable to multiple hazards. Cyclones and storm surges are among the most destructive disasters. 190 people were killed and 400,000 drinking and agriculture. CDMP made an UDMCs are the fundamental community level houses damaged during AILA (2009) in Khulna investment of USD 8.11m in 16 districts19 across institution for delivering disaster management on and Satkhira; 3,363 people were killed and 1.5 the region. The key interventions for this zone the ground. A study 21 identi ed lack of capacity of million houses damaged across the coastal were the conservation of safe surface water for UDMCs in risk reduction planning, coordination, districts of the country during Cyclone SIDR drinking and small irrigation, sanitation, ood governance and gender inclusion, among others. (2007). The area is also vulnerable to saline protection embankments at the village level CDMP in partnership with National Institute for intrusion and water logging across the region which are also used as rural roads, ood resilient Local Government (NILG) implemented a broad but the problems are more prominent in Khulna, habitat and alternate livelihood support. based training programme for 195 DMCs (180 Satkhira and Jessore Districts due to the siltation Union DMCs and 15 District DMCs) in di erent in the river beds. CDMP provided several In the north-eastern region of the country, hazard zones of the country. The training and options in the area including safe drinking CDMP supported 7 districts to combat ash learning process is based on the DMC Operational water, disaster resilient houses, plantations and oods occurring at the foothills of the Manual, 22,500 copies of which have been small embankments to combat saline intrusion Meghalayan Mountains. Flash ood does not distributed to DMCs and training participants. A and scarcity of safe drinking water. cost only life and settlements; eld crops are DMC training guideline was prepared as an aid for totally damaged without a proper early warning future training of the DMCs beyond CDMP II. Almost every year the central and north-central mechanism in place. 20 The key LDRRF Moreover, a “Union Development Planning (UDP) districts along the Jamuna River face oods and interventions for this region were the incorporating Disaster Management” guideline was river bank erosion. Although the north-western construction of submersible embankments, prepared. Progress was made to institutionalize the districts also face oods from the Padma River, raising village mounds and homestead plinths Disaster Management Guideline at the local level the main threat comes from the very long and and alternate livelihood options. CDMP has planning though Local Government Division. dry summer and its resulting water scarcity for made an investment of USD 2.1m for this.
17. PDO-ICZMP (2006) State of the Coast 2006 18. Lakshmipur, Shariatpur, Chittagong, Gopalganj, Chandpur, Jessore, Bhola, Barisal, Coxs bazar, Noakhali, Jhalokati, Bagerhat, Barguna, Pirojpur, Patuakhali, Satkhira, and Khulna District 19. Munshiganj, Rajbari, Manikganj, Madaripur, Kurigram, Nilphamari, Brahmanbaria, Lalmonirhat,Gaibandha, Rangpur, Rajshahi, Faridpur, Dhaka, Jamalpur, Tangail, Sirajganj Districts 20. Flood Forecasting and Warning Center is providing early warning for ash ood as an experiemental basis with support from CDMP 21. CDMP (2013). Union Disaster Management Committee Functionality Assessment, Unpublished Study Report; available at: www.cdmp.org.bd 23 2 million people a ected by ood in 2014
The 2014 ood a ected approximately 2 million people in the central Recommendations from the assessment and north-western districts along the Brahmaputra River. CDMP conducted a rapid assessment of the ood impact on the Construction of rural roads and embankments should not obstruct any owing natural infrastructure supported by LDRRF. Overall, the LDRRF-supported drainage system (including seasonal/dead canals). schemes were found to be appropriate to the hazard type. On Height of the earth works should be determined based on the Flood Danger Level and High low-lying, ood-prone land, the raising of safe areas for shelter in Flood Level for the locality. times of ood, along with adequate provision of water and sanitation, is a relevant and high-impact intervention. Infrastructure Protection for soil erosion from earthworks must be considered during design and interventions served their basic purpose of protecting lives, budgeting, especially for sandy soils in the newly accredited islands livelihoods and assets. In some locations hundreds of families took Schemes should be complete, incorporating all potential bene ciaries in the immediate shelter, sometimes for several weeks. There were many positive locality, and comprehensive through inclusion of soft (e.g. livelihood support, disaster risk examples of the people living in relatively safer areas supported by awareness) inputs. Engagement of the community for earthwork and construction of LDRRF interventions extending shelter to their neighbours in need. facilities will create greater ownership and short term employment. Bene ciaries and local authorities mentioned that they were happy with the impact of LDRRF interventions, especially killas, and that The plan and budget needs to be shared with the intended bene ciaries to enhance they used them to take shelter when needed. The assessment accountability. A community planning meeting should be organized prior to physical resulted in recommendations which the LDRRF secretariat has taken implementation alongside a functional accountability system for enabling feedback. into consideration in their planning and implementation process. A Maintenance commitments should be enshrined as a pre-condition for implementation. few interventions (including ongoing ones) were revised and new interventions were undertaken for comprehensiveness. Private lands should never be considered for any interventions. District wise xed rate for earth works does not help much. Standardizing rates as per vulnerable zones (char, oodplains, coastal, etc.) will serve the purpose. 24 Resilient Shelter, Resilient Community An alternative comprehensive approach to Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change
Firoz Khan (35) lives in Char Kushumbari Village raised the height as plinth to build a small hut. But villagers during monsoon when law enforcers under Ward No. 2 of Mahmudpur Union, Dohar every year during monsoon and ood season, the couldn’t catch them. Upazila for the last 12 years with his family. A farmer surrounding areas became inundated. Gradually, by profession, Firoz cultivates on other people’s land they started extending their homestead for “From this year, we are experiencing a great change but seems happy with his wife Halima Begum and 4 extension of houses, cow shed and vegetable with the newly build embankment that not only children. His children go to school and his wife looks gardening. Seeing his success, Firoz’s father-in-law protects us from ooding and inundation but also after the 6 cattle and ducks in their homestead area. also moved and built a house beside him. They live in save from frequent wave erosion as now the waves On an average, his cattle provide more than 20 litres the oating house during the rainy season and when created by engine boats are barricaded by the raised of milk per day which he sells at Tk. 40-45 per litre. the Padma river over ows, engine boats running embankment,” reported Firoz. With the embankment alongside the villages create continuous waves, serving as a protection wall, the villagers are also Firoz’s village is a Char and khas land. Approximately damaging their homes, cowsheds and vegetable protected from dacoits. ”How we can let this 3,000 people live in the village on houses built on gardens on raised lands. To make matters worse, embankment be damaged?” says Firoz. “This is what the government khas land. When Firoz rst moved dacoits from neighbouring districts also attack the is protecting and saving us from so many hazards.” into the area, he earmarked the land on the Char and villages by engine boats robbing the helpless
25 1.3 Urban Risk Reduction 42 large and small-scale urban risk reduction interventions Urban risk, city planning and the role of local implemented governments in dealing with risk reduction have been recognized as key factors in the Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015. Both communities 7 Districts and local authorities were to be empowered to 2 City Corporations manage and reduce disaster risks. Poor urban 7 Municipalities governance, informal settlements on unsafe land, declining ecosystems and vulnerable rural livelihoods are among the main underlying risk drivers, which 400,000 people need to be addressed to build safer cities. directly bene tted Against this background, CDMP designed its urban risk reduction through execution of an integrated set of structural and non-structural activities to include expanding the preparedness programme across a broader range of hazards; operationalizing response systems; raising the level of expertise; mainstreaming Urban Hazards disaster risk management programming and strengthening community institutional mechanisms. Earthquake Urban Fire CDMP implemented structural interventions that aimed to reduce urban hazards such as water Urban Flooding logging, drinking water scarcity, reducing earthquake Salinity and res. Implementation of 42 large and small scale risk reduction interventions under the urban LDRRF Arsenic Contamination directly bene tted over 400,000 people living in 2 city corporations, 7 municipalities of in 7 districts (i.e. River Erosion Chittagong, Cox’s Bazaar, Mymensingh, Gopalgonj, Cyclone Khulna, Chuadanga, Sylhet and Chandpur District). These schemes addressed Urban Flooding, Salinity, Waterlogging Arsenic Contamination, Resettlement of evicted urban slum dwellers, River erosion, Cyclone, Tidal Surge Hazards Waterlogging, Land Conservation, and Tidal Surge hazards. 26 Key bene ts of the habitat
Improved disaster resilient Community level disaster housing: Each household management: Through a Promoting education: The received a living space of 341 participatory process DRHC have been planned to sq ft area which includes 2 community identi ed the have a primary school along rooms, 1 verandah, a kitchen, a possible hazards, risk and risk with a playground for latrine cum bathroom, access reduction options. The project children. Bene ciaries will to electricity and access to participants are trained on Disaster Resilient Housing Complex (DRHC) have access to education shared tube well for safe water. disaster preparedness and grants for their children. of Gopalgonj Municipality mitigation.
Women empowerment: Women are the best disaster Water and Sanitation: Every Providing Shelter through LDRRF nance managers. Considering the role they play in preparedness, ten houses will have 1 to the Urban evicted Slum Dwellers response and recovery in any disaster they are highly valued tubewell to have access to for the project. After completion of the 2nd phase (planned arsenic free safe water. There to end by September 2015), the houses will be leased to the is also a plan for expansion Forced evictions result in people losing their possessions, women representative of the households. 4 women to overhead water tanks. social network and access to work and services. The members were included in the 7 members PIC to take Each household will have a forcible eviction in South Molavi Para in Gopalgonj leadership role in the implementation of DRCH. separate toilet cum municipality on 22nd October 2009 was one such eviction, bathroom facilities. where the government evicted more than 350 households with a population of about 2000 for implementation of another government infrastructure project. Resettlement Reducing internal migration: If not intervened with the Sustainable development: DRHC, the evicted communities who were living in various DRCH addressed the issue of of such a large number of household in the context of slum areas in Gopalgonj Municipalities will eventually turn energy e ciency, water and disaster- prone Gopalgonj Municipality carries clear and into bigger urban centres making their own life miserable sanitation, land use, basic present danger. The areas are exposed to recurring ood along with burdening the existing capacity of the host municipal services and and inundation as well as a certain degree of cyclone. urban settings. DRCH is a local solution to reduce disaster and climate resilient. Considering the vulnerability situations of the evicted displacement and migration. slum dwellers in Gopalgonj, CDMP came forward with a comprehensive urban risk reduction approach through Way Forward piloting a Disaster Resilient Housing Complex (DRHC) for 100 evicted households in association with UPPR and Development of organized and formal urban poor especially evicted families, marginalized groups, Gopalganj Municipality. linked with existing community development platforms like CBOs.VDCs will provide an institutional mechanism for mobilizing support, resources and services from actors/providers and community support structures.
27 More than forty thousand people have been relieved from “water logging with the assistance from CDMP project.” Case Study: 2 Md. Ekramul Haque Titu, Mayor, Mymensingh Municipality
Retro tting assessments were made of three major buildings; Dhaka Medical College Hospital, and two buildings (no. 1 and 4) of Bangladesh Secretariat. These assessments included subsoil investigation and as-built-structure/architectural drawings. To augment the process and develop internal capacity, CDMP provided some equipment and software for retro tting assessment to the Public Works Department. Building on that JICA further supported PWD with advanced training on retro tting to 30 more PWD o cials and 100 construction engineers from the private sector. MoDMR has already instructed PWD to undertake some more retro tting assessments for nationally important buildings. Another project Training facilities for urban volunteers are under construction at 10 named Urban Building Safety Project supported by JICA (120 million USD) will be model re stations in Dhaka, Sylhet and Chittagong implemented with MoDMR drawing on some of CDMP II’s initiatives in urban risk reduction.
10 Model Fire 200 urban 1.1 million 30,000 urban Stations in volunteers to be people directly community Dhaka, Sylhet attached to each covered by 10 volunteers trained and Chittagong station. re stations
With support from CDMP, FSCD is in the process of constructing 10 Model Fire In the second phase of CDMP 30,000 urban community volunteers were Stations in Dhaka, Sylhet and Chittagong, allowing 200 urban volunteers to be trained among those 6,970 are female and 23,041 are male volunteers. This is attached to each station. Moreover the re stations also received small and light in line with the Bangladesh government’s national target to train 62,000 rescue equipment like chipping hammers, Rotary Rescue Saw, and Reciprocating volunteers across the country. Saw with Blade. These trained volunteers have successfully demonstrated their skill in di er- ent urban incidents so far, most notably during the Rana Plaza incident in 1.1 million people are directly covered by these ten re stations, in case there is any 2013. The World Bank has committed to nance the remaining training of urban hazard like earthquake or re. 32,000 additional volunteers from 2016. The volunteers are anchored within the FSCD management. 28 The volunteer who repaid a debt
When the Rana Plaza collapsed in Savar, the Fire Service and Civil Defence (FSCD) immediately realized that they were confronted with an industrial disaster of an unprecedented scale in Bangladesh. As the FSCD organised themselves on the ground, one of the calls they made was to Habib-ul-Islam Sumon, their Chief volunteering coordinator, asking him to arrange a team to assist the search and rescue. Within hours Sumon had 180 trained volunteers en route to Savar: ordinary citizens like himself, trained for post disaster rescue work with CDMP’s help, and driven by a zeal that saw more than 2,500 lives saved from the rubble.
Sumon’s journey to Savar actually started 15 years earlier, the day his father collapsed from a stroke. "In 1997 my father su ered a massive stroke and we couldn’t nd a way to get him to hospital. My brother sent me to nd help and I instinctively ran to the local re department." "I’ll never forget that it was the re service men who saved my father’s life. From that day onwards I wanted to help the re service out, but never really had a chance", said Sumon.That was until three years ago when his local re department announced that they would be training urban volunteers in disaster response. He jumped at the opportunity and when he asked if he could attend, they asked him to put together a group of 50 locals to start the volunteer group. Within a few days he had the numbers and they all underwent a CDMP funded disaster response training. As part of their mandate CDMP helped facilitate the training of volunteers to help in urban disaster response activities and Mr. Sumon and his band of volunteers are proud graduates of the initiative.
The training of volunteers represents a fraction of the work of CDMP but remains essential to its mandate. Having been trained in re and earthquake response operations by the FSCD, the urban volunteers have been called into action many times before the Savar tragedy. They have responded to res across the city and were instrumental in evacuating a dilapidated building in Shakhari Bazar recently. But nothing could have prepared them for what they encountered in Savar. "Five buses lled with volunteers arrived at Savar and only after we got down did we realise the scale of tragedy. We immediately made use of our training as we used search and rescue techniques that we had earlier learned", said Sumon. The volunteers spread out across the disaster zone, helping pull people from the rubble and often going into dangerous crevasses with torch lights to try and locate other survivors. "I entered where the 7th oor should have been and heard wailing. People were trapped and injured and I did whatever I could to save them. I cannot describe those scenes, but it will stay with me for life." Wearing orange vests the urban volunteers were ever present throughout the search and rescue operation their pictures plastered all over the media, but Mr. Sumon remains humble. "We did what any person would have done, the only di erence is that with our training we were working in a coordinated manner and helped facilitate the work there. In 8-hour shifts more than250 volunteers worked around the clock and put the lives of others before theirs. I salute them", said Sumon.
29 Urban volunteers working in Rana Plaza operations
As a part of, UNISDR’s global campaign ‘Making Cities Resilient’, , CDMP “My o cials and I were trained on the II, in association with Municipal Association of Bangladesh (MAB), “Local Government - Self Assessment facilitated orientation sessions for municipalities on the Local Government–Self Assessment Toolkit (LG–SAT). The aim was to build Toolkit (LG-SAT) and came to know knowledge and capacity of city corporation authorities on urban about the urban hazards and its emer- hazards and emergency management. Representatives of 245 city gency management. We are already corporations and municipalities (City Mayors and other o cials) have received orientation. bene tted from the training and imple- mented the knowledge in our munici- Mayors are now able to e ectively design and implement DRR pal area. On behalf of Alamdanga Munic- interventions in their respective municipalities. ipality, Chuadanga, I would like to thank CDMP for helping us to make our city 245 representatives of city corporations and resilient to urban disaster. municipalities (City Mayors and other o cials) have received orientation on urban hazards Alhaj Mir Mohiuddin and emergency management. Mayor, Alamdanga Municipality Chuadanga, Bangladesh
30 This atlas presents extensive and detailed data on earthquake hazards, risks and “vulnerabilities of six major cities and municipalities. It is the product of a risk research and assessment e ort as yet unparalleled in Bangladesh, providing a thorough and detailed knowledge base both decision-making and future research and updates.”
Pauline Tamesis, Country Director, UNDP Bangladesh
CDMP II developed active fault maps and seismic vulnerability maps 22
for 9 cities (Dhaka, Chittagong, Sylhet Bogra, Dinajpur, Mymensingh,
Rajshahi, Rangpur, and Tangail). The risk assessments and maps were
subsequently used to develop Scenario based spatial contingency
plans for all 9 cities and 50 ward level plans (Dhaka-25, Sylhet-10, and
Chittagong-15 wards). 8 million inhabitants are
covered within the area of the CDMP also conducted trainings in 6 cities on “Preparation of Scenario-based
Contingency Plan with regard to Earthquake”. The main objective of the training plans and maps, who
workshop was to share earthquake risk analysis for each city with key stakeholders, bene tted from enhanced
especially the government agencies and departments. This included the city earthquake preparedness and
corporation and pourashava that have a critical role to play during an earthquake faster response capacity of the emergency. The training built their capacity for the preparation of scenario-based respective agencies. Contingency Plans for earthquakes.
These plans and maps cover an area of 8 million inhabitants, who bene tted from enhanced earthquake preparedness and faster response capacity of the respective “It is a very timely initiative by CDMP to commission earthquake risk agencies. The DDM and US Army, with support from UNDP’s Early Recovery Facility assessment of major cities and pouroshavas of Bangladesh and are in the process of preparing the debris management plan for Dhaka, Chittagong publishing this Atlas on “Seismic Risk Assessment of Bangladesh” and Sylhet city corporations where they have used these Contingency Plans as key compiling outputs of the assessments undertaken in this regard.” - reference documents. A building database for Dhaka, Chittagong and Sylhet cities was developed to to aid the process of city and ward level Contingency Plans for Md. Shah Kamal, Secretary; Ministry of Disaster Managemnt and Relief (MoDMR) these cities.
22. ATLAS: Seismic Risk Assessment; http://www.kmp.dmic.org.bd/handle/123456789/107
31 As a pilot initiative, the maps and plans of Mymensingh City have been translated into a realistic and risk integrated city development plan using an innovative participatory methodology with support from Urban Development Directorate (UDD). The project was awarded the Asian Townscape Award 2014 from UN Habitat. UDD is preparing 14 new Upazila master plans where the methodology for the Mymensingh project is incorporated in the work process, providing a good example of institutionalization of a CDMP II nanced intervention. UDD also mainstreamed this approach in their allocation of business, but challenges remain with the availability of the adequately trained professionals.
Asian Townscapes Jury’s Award for Mymensingh Strategic Development Plan
The CDMP-supported Mymensingh Strategic consideration for the local ecosystem and prepare a module for mainstreaming Disaster Risk Development Plan (MSDP) was selected for the 2014 environment, physical and social infrastructure, Reduction Measures into Comprehensive Land Use Asian Townscapes Jury Award. The Award aims to economy, and transportation system. Planning Development Planning and Management. This may act highlight and honor signi cant e orts made by Asian guidelines prepared as part of the MSDP call for land as a manual on how to make Bangladesh’s towns safer, cities and organizations for the improvement, use and building permissions to ensure risk sensitive healthier, more eco-sensitive, social, vibrant and revitalization and creation of a beautiful and building development, as well as a strengthening of resilient to natural and man‐made disasters. harmonious townscapes that are safe, sustainable and the emergency response capacity through ood respectful of local history and culture. The Theme of mapping and volunteer mobilization. Developed in 2014 Asian Townscape Award was “Townscapes dialogue with the local community, the plan takes into bridging to the future”. account local traditions while also looking towards the future. The 20-year prediction model for the Development of the MSDP took place as part of the municipality’s transportation system aims to support CDMP initiated MSDP is the CDMP project “Mainstreaming disaster risk reduction in regional connectivity, the promotion on sustainable “paradigm shift in the history of town urban planning practices”. The project, undertaken in livelihoods, and a secure economic base for the town. planning of Bangladesh.” agreement with the Government of Bangladesh’s physical planning agency the Urban Development The MSDP served as a pilot model for risk-sensitive land Dr. K. Z. Hossain Tau que, Deputy Director, Directorate, began in April 2011. use planning. It is now being applied by UDD in Research and Coordination, Urban Development planning projects in 14 other cities. It has laid down Directorate and Project Director, MSDP The Mymensingh Strategic Development Plan the legal basis through drafting “Urban and Regional integrates risk-sensitive land use planning with Planning Act 2013”. This pilot project is going to
32 The Urban Risk Assessment “Guideline plays an important role in assisting urban communities, relevant authorities and disaster risk reduction practioners to identify “all hazard”. This allows the development of appropriate risk reduction options which can be implemented to eliminate or reduce risk to a manageable level.”
Mohammad Abdul Qayyum; National Project Director, CDMP II
Assessing local level risk is a pre-requisite in implementing any risk reduction interventions. CDMP, in its urban risk reduction initiative, developed the Urban Community Risk Assessment (CRA) guideline.23 This guideline is a useful tool for stakeholders in assessing risk in a participatory manner and development of Risk Reduction Action Plan (RRAP) in urban context. 3 CRAs were conducted in three wards of Dhaka South City Corporation (33, 34 & 35) on a pilot basis.
CRA and RRAP methodology has been mainstreamed in UNDP programmes in Bangladesh and will be utilized in future by the new Urban Partnerships for Poverty Reduction programme and the Chittagong Hill Tracts Development Facility.
33 23. Urban Risk Assessment Guideline 1.3 Preparedness & Response
As envisaged in both the revised Standing Orders on Disaster 2010 and the National Plan for Disaster Management 2010-15, local government and line departments are to develop their own DM plans. With CDMP support, DM plans for 10 districts and 48 Upazilas– covering a population of 26 million people - were developed and made available online in respective district 23 and Upazila24 Information Portals. The DMCs are expected to use this information in all phases of disaster management. DDM will apply this approach country wide in future as Bangladesh moves towards mainstreamed risk informed 15,630 Ansar and development planning. VDP members trained
CDMP undertook a promising pilot initiative to engage the Bangladesh Ansar & VDP to close the important last mile gap for ood early warning. Ansar More than 6 million has trained 15,630 members in the ood vulnerable Ansar and VDP members districts Sirajganj (10150 volunteers) and Gaibandha nation-wide (5480 volunteers) using custom-made training modules developed for the project. Working hand in hand with FFWC the volunteers will disseminate early warning messages to vulnerable communities when Improvements to the Bangladesh early warning system in ood and cyclone a ected areas will needed. The performance of the volunteers will be have a potentially huge impact on the loss and damage caused by these hazards. School children carefully monitored in the monsoon ood season of are safer from the risk of earthquake and the re services are a more capable rst response 2015. ANSAR & VDP has more than six million organization. volunteers nationwide organized in a gender balanced, para-military structure. The organization has huge potential to play a more signi cant role in Flood marker posts and water gauges have been installed and early warning equipment (1563 Hand Megaphone, 188 cell disaster preparedness, response and recovery in the phones) has been distributed to the volunteers to establish a community based early warning system. 1563 courtyard future, once this initiative is expanded nationwide. meetings were organized to raise community awareness in the project area.
23. District DM Plan, Sunamgonj: http://www.sunamganj.gov.bd/node/1079421-Disaster-Management-Plan 24. Upazila DMPlan, Jamalganj: http://jamalganj.sunamganj.gov.bd/node/1070867-Upazila-Disaster-Management-Plan,-Jamalganj. 34 The volunteers are the unique force of Bangladesh Ansar & VDP and they are dedicated & work together“ within the community before, during and after any disaster. The Flood Preparedness Programme volunteers will play a strong role in the upcoming monsoon season.”
- Major General Md. Nazimuddin,psc, Director General, Bangladesh Ansar & VDP
Selina Akter of Paikpara in Sirajganj Sadar, is a FPP volunteer and passionate about raising awareness and helping people a ected by the oods – and no wonder, as she herself has experienced them intimately.
“During last ood I was pregnant and living in low plinth house, with no nearby close I can do relatives to go to. Even my nearest neighbours did not have enough space to shelter me, so I “anything. There had to travel far away, to my uncle’s house. This year I have raised my land and am prepared for the ood. I’m happy to be a part of the Flood Preparedness Programme, which has given is nothing that I me the opportunity to share my experience with others and help them prepare for the ood.” can’t do. I have that courage. I Selina Akter eager to perform can even swim to her volunteer duty Another participant in the court-yard session at Modon-er Para also raised the issue of the challenges rescue people.” women in general – and pregnant women in particular – face during oods, and their need for access to medical Participant at courtyard session at facilities and rescue/safety equipment. She also Modon-er Para expressed her strong commitment to perform her duty despite any possible obstacles. “I can do anything, there is nothing that I can’t do,I have that courage. I can even swim to rescue people,” she said.
35 115 million cell-phone users to receive The Honourable Minister of MoDMR launched the CDMP-supported Interactive Voice early warnings Response (IVR) system to facilitate widespread access to ood and cyclone early and to be warning by mobile phone. The IVR system is now available through all mobile service prepared well ahead of time providers in Bangladesh, and enables 115 million cell-phone users to receive early warnings and to be prepared well ahead of time. During Tropical Storm Mahasen in May 2013, more than 60,000 calls were made to IVR, while the total number of enquiries in 2013 exceeded 110,000 (and 80,189 in 2014 with only one ood in August). To popularize the IVR, advertisements were published in national newspapers and a big marketing campaign is planned for 2015.
60,000 calls During 2013, DDM provided early warning through 40,000 SMS to local DMC Members of 19 cyclone were made to prone districts using a system established by CDMP II, to alert them about the approaching hazard, its IVR potential impacts, and possible preparedness activities. Both IVR and bulk SMS will be sustained with Government nance and cost recovery from call tari s in the future.
In partnership with the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS), a baseline survey for damage, loss and needs assessment of 4,500 unions was prepared in 2014. The database is stored in DMIC server on behalf of DDM, but is not accessible to all at this time. The baseline data is now being used by Department of Total number of Disaster Management (DDM) for their Emergency Cyclone Recovery and Restoration Project (ECRP). enquiries in 2013 exceeded 110,000 In collaboration with the Armed Forced Division, CDMP has procured and installed an Audio Visual (and 80,189 in 2014 with only one system to connect the DM Cell in Prime Minister’s O ce, the NDRCC and DDM. DDM has been gradually ood in August) taking over the operational responsibility of Disaster Management Information Centre (DMIC). Accordingly, DDM amended their organizational chart to assign an o cial to work closely with the DMIC to improve its capacity to support better decision making and coordination. With CDMP assistance all of the 485 Upazilas are connected with DMIC via the internet. A Poly-com Audio Conference system has been installed in the Deputy Commissioner’s conference room in the 26 most hazard prone districts, to help improve coordination when disasters strike. DDM provided early warning through 40,000 SMS to local DMC Members of 19 cyclone prone districts using a system established by CDMP II 36 As part of Government’s initiative to make schools safe from disasters, CDMP has so far:
Trained 960 Secondary School teachers, from 480 schools, on how to conduct earthquake safety drills.
Provided 14,000 primary school teachers in 7 divisions with ToT.
Trained 1,200 Upazila Education O cers and Upazila Instructors on how to conduct earthquake safety drills.
In 2012, MoE and MoPME issued an o ce order to all the schools to regularly organize school safety drills during International Day for Disaster Reduction and 2880 school teachers and Standardized training National Disaster Preparedness day. Accordingly, 30,000 primary schools and 240 masters trainers from manuals developed 6,000 secondary schools conducted earthquake safety drills during 2012. To Teachers Training College further scale up the practice, CDMP II - in partnership with the Directorate of trained Secondary and Higher Education - developed standardised training manuals on earthquake drills and undertook a massive training programme directed towards school teachers that will be completed in 2015. The Institute of Disaster Management and Vulnerability Studies (IDMVS) of Dhaka University supported the Directorate of Secondary and Higher Education (DSHE) to organize the training of school teachers and Upazila education o cials on earthquake safety. 25
Contingency plans for Dhaka and Chittagong airports were developed in 2013, and followed-up with six training workshops on airport emergency Contingency Plans
25. So far 2,880 school teachers and 240 masters trainers from Teachers Training College have been trained.
37 The earthquake drill is a new experience for me. I will “implement this knowledge in the classroom and try my best to conduct at least one earthquake drill every month. Runia Begum, Physical Teacher, Zinzira P.T.R Mohammad Pilot Girls High School
Basic Training of Teachers
In an attempt to improve the emergency response in hard to reach areas, 2,000 small parachutes with a capacity of 17 kg for relief distribution have been produced with support from the Bangladesh Air Force (BAF). These modi ed parachutes enable smaller quantities to be distributed in a larger area, instead of bulk amounts in one place. To strengthen household-level preparedness and safety, 2,000 shermen in “Life jackets are helping to save the lives of the shermen. They coastal shing communities received life-jackets and solar lanterns. Furthermore, can now go for shing to deep Meghna river in 12,000 Life Buoys were delivered to shing boats in Cox’s Bazar, Bagerhat, Bhola, Chandpur-Shariatpur-Barisal region, which is helping their Chandpur, Laxmipur & Patukhali district in 2013. Additionally, 12,000 highly livelihoods also. Thanks to CDMP for providing jackets to the vulnerable families were provided with family preparedness items (such as plastic shermen box for preserving food grain, water can, life buoys and water proof poly bag to S. M. Mizanur Rahman, protect important documents. In 2014, emergency preparedness equipment was Chairman, Kodalpur Union Parishad, Gosairhat, Shariatpur sent to Gosairhat upazila of Shariatpur district, Borhan Uddin Upazila of Bhola district, Galachipa and Dashmina upazilas in Patuakhali district, and Muladi upazila of Barisal district.
38 Considering the increased risk of rainfall induced landslide hazard in south-eastern Bangladesh including Chittagong Hill Tracts and recent landslide events (127 deaths in 2007, 60 deaths in 2010, 17 death in 2011),26 CDMP as a pilot initiative, recruited, trained and provided light equipment to community based landslide volunteers in Cox’s Bazar (43 volunteers) & Teknaf (15 volunteers).
SAVING LIVES FROM LANDSLIDES
Over the last decade, hundreds of people have died in landslides in Bangladesh; last year inundated Cox’s Bazar again by the end of June. This time it rendered many people alone over 100 people perished in what could have been preventable tragedies. Anwara, homeless and the rainwater showed shagging slope soils ready to turn into landslides Shahidullah and 57 other CDMP landslide volunteers have taken it upon themselves to anytime. reduce that number to zero. As so often happens, their work began in their own backyard. Anwara, Shahidullah and others were on their feet again, doing the door-to-door visits to their neighbourhood and surrounding areas to warn people about the on-going Anwara and Shahidullah used loudspeakers to warn local people of heavy rainfall and heavy rainfall and the probable landslides that could follow. Overnight, some 50 people potential landslides and instructed their neighbours to get ready and move to the from 10 of the most exposed households heeded the volunteers’ warning and nearest shelter. “We were on the road doing our rounds till midnight on 15 May, 2013 and evacuated to safe ground. In one of those neighbourhoods, at around 2.30 pm, a luckily for us no untoward incident happened”, says Ms Anwara. sudden mudslide decimated four houses, including that of Ms. Hasina. While Ms. Hasina is heartbroken over the loss of her home, she is eternally grateful to the landslide Earlier that day, the Bangladesh Meteorological O ce issued warning that landslides volunteers who warned her just an hour before the landslide - saving both her own and may occur due to heavy rainfall induced by the cyclonic storm Mahasen in Chittagong her husband’s lives. Division’s hilly regions. Some residents in hilly areas of Cox’s Bazar and Teknaf received further details and more frequent updates from landslide volunteers who are part of the Several landslide incidents took place also in other places in Cox’s Bazar. The next day a CDMP-supported landslide early warning system. chunk of earth fell on the house of Rezaul Karim in Saikatpara village, killing his four year old son Sakib and leaving his wife Taiyaba Begum seriously injured. There were several Developed by CDMP, with support from ADPC, volunteers were provided with landslides in Mohajer village, but luckily people were not in any danger as they had information about landslides and related preparedness measures. Equipped with rain been warned by Anwara and Shahidullah, and had left for the designated shelters. The gauges to read and monitor daily rainfall, they used their skills to analyse precipitation community-based landslide warning consistently managed to save lives. thresholds in the case of heavy rainfall induced by cyclone and monsoon. Ms. Anwara added, “We were trained to disseminate warning when necessary. During the monsoon Ms. Anwara is proud of her work, “I volunteer because it makes me feel good. I get to season, we also monitor the rainfall on a regular basis.” help my neighbours and maybe, if I’m lucky, save lives along the way”, she says. Her modesty belies the fact that with a little training and a lot of heart she and the other While the danger of landslides was averted in May, several days of incessant downpour volunteers have managed to save lives. It is not often that any of us can say that.
26. CDMP (2012).Landslide Inventory & Land-use Mapping, DEM Preparation, Precipitation Threshold Value & Establishment of Early Warning Devices; and Reliefweb (2011). 39 http://reliefweb.int/report/bangladesh/bangladesh-landslide-toll-rises-17 BEFORE THE STORM
Bangladesh has been traditionally subjected to deadly cyclones and other climactic phenomena. The climate change has altered the scenario in the recent years. Areas that usually were spared from cyclones have been a ected badly by the cyclonic storms SIDR and AILA.
Against that backdrop, the resilience of the Bangladeshi people has been well documented. People o er their goodwill, time, expertise and materials in the various solidarity actions such as in the Preparing for cyclones event of road accidents, res, boat capsize, river erosion, epidemic etc. This dedication in practice has been highly honoured in the community. The Cyclone Preparedness Programme (CPP) was Over time meteorologists have noticed that founded in this bedrock of voluntarism and managed to dramatically change the equation of the there has been a trend for cyclone tracks to cyclone-related life loss from hundreds of thousands in the 70s to tens of thousands in 90s to a few move westward over time, making the South thousands in the recent years. Responding to the changing geographic pattern of the recent major West more vulnerable. To strengthen and make cyclones, CDMP extended the nancial and technical supports to the CPP to expand its command the community warning systems on the areas to ve newly a ected upazillas in Khulna, Bagerhat and Satkhira districts. south-east coast e ective, CDMP II supported the expansion of the Cyclone Preparedness The evidence of such dedicated voluntarism is found in Mr. Debashish Mandal, a young man of 28. Programme (CPP) areas in ve upazilas The terror still haunts him when in the terrible night of SIDR he managed to avert the wall of water (Assasuni & Shyamnagar-Satkhira, Dacope & rushing while the high-pitched screams and cries for help of women, men and children blended Koyra-Khulna, and Mongla-Bagerhat) . Out of together everywhere. This man who is known and have easy access to every segments of the planned 9435 new CPP volunteers 7200 community turned his awful recollections of the SIDR cyclone into the inspiration to join in the volunteer already recruited and trained. newly formed CPP corps of volunteers. He earned a post graduate Degree from the National university of Bangladesh and presently engaged with small trading in Dacope upazila. The CPP CDMP-II has also supported the training of authority and UNO of Dacope upazilla recognized his leadership potentials and selected him as 6540 new cyclone volunteers on basic search upazilla Team Leader. and rescue and rst aid in the coastal areas during 2013. All in all, 49,215 volunteers have In the Dacope upazilla all of volunteers, one third of them are female, were found very enthusiastic, been provided with training - initial training to well communicative and energetic. Debashis’ team have already received a three-day long basic 6,540 newly recruited volunteers and one-day training and acquired the concept, attitude, and the skills tting to their respective roles and refresher orientation to 42,675 existing responsibilities. Some are in charge of the early warning dissemination, alert the community, volunteers. 897 signal masts were installed in 6 evacuate them to safe places, rescuing the marooned people etc. Debashis maintains his new Upazilas (i.e. Hatiya, Sandwip, Ramgoti, communication with local administration and managed to negotiate a good room in the upazilla Banskhali, Teknaf and Moheskhali) and 21 VHF premises to establish the CPP o ce. In no too long in the future, the CDMP-supported series will & 6 HF radio sets have been distributed to CPP provide him, his team – along with some six thousands other newly recruited volunteers, to improve communication and coordination. skill-based trainings and the standard issued gears like transistor radio, megaphone, siren, and signal lights/ ags and rst aid kit etc.
“We the people of the coast always confront the natural calamities with the vigour and courage. This training, equipment and organisation will strengthen us who now have been united with common awareness, training as well as the sense of being in the Corps” said Debashis. From now on, the voluntarism in these ve new upazilla is being transformed into a formidable force to mitigate life loss from the upcoming cyclones. 40 1.3Mainstreaming DRR & CCA into Sectoral Policies and Planning
This outcome aimed to incorporate DRR-CCA into the policy and planning frameworks of di erent ministries across the government. CDMP o cially partnered with 12 departments 27 and 1 ministry 28 since 2010 and invested around USD $10 million. The investment resulted in a number of new DRR-CCA mainstreaming guidelines, trained o cers in the government, introduced innovation, research and development into the di erent concerned sectors. In parallel, CDMP also improved the advocacy and coordination role of MoDMR to promote a whole of government DRR-CCA mainstreaming agenda. The MoDMR is now in the process of establishing a Disaster Management Research and Training Institute to support mainstreaming and a Coordination and Monitoring Wing in the ministry to sustain and build on the work of this outcome.
This outcome area has produced some valuable project level results and learning and, in some cases, partners have demonstrated a commitment to mainstreaming DRR-CCA into their policy and planning frameworks. However, the main lesson learned has been that mainstreaming requires direction from above to ensure that a whole of government approach is achieved. This was missing from the CDMP II design. Future programmes on disaster risk management and resilience must work with the Planning and Finance Ministries to ensure that every Ministry establishes a risk based focus 12 Departments and $10 Million within their planning and operations. 1 Ministry since 2010 invested Some partners produced better results than others in this outcome area. CDMP II’s structure did not provide su cient technical capacity to support mainstreaming in 13 partner institutions. The Ministry of Land was largely Major Government institutions have adopted risk management at the core of unresponsive and most of the funding allocated to them was never used. A their policy, planning and operational frameworks and are beginning to apply more focused mainstreaming approach based on detailed partner this approach throughout their work. assessments should be adopted in future.
27. Department of Agriculture Extension (Ministry of Agriculture), Department of Fisheries, Department of Livestock (Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock), Department of Environment (Ministry of Environment and Forests), Flood Forecasting and Warning Center (Ministry of Water Resources), Bangladesh Meteorological Department (Ministry of Defense), Geological Survey of Bangladesh (Ministry of Power, Energy and Mineral Resources), National Curriculum and Textbook Board (Ministry of Education), Bangladesh Fire Service and Civil Defense (Ministry of Home A airs), Department of Public Health Engineering (Ministry of Local Government, Rural Development and Cooperatives), Directorate General of Health Services (Ministry of Health and Family A airs), 41 Department of Women A airs (Ministry of Women and Child A airs). 28. Ministry of Land Mainstreaming of DRR and CCA across government Highlights
Flood Forecasting now provides 5 days of early “I highly appreciate the e ort warning to more than 88 million people: “of disseminating medium range forecast. Whenever I get CDMP supported the Bangladesh Flood Forecasting and Warning the message, rst I discuss it in Centre to increase its monitoring stations, from 35 to 54, across all the Union Parishad then with 4 big river valleys. FFWC’s performance assessment during the 260:1 the community especially in 2013 monsoon shows that the extended lead time achieved 72% Return on public place like Bazar. Few accuracy for the fth day predictions, which exceeds the Investment weeks back, there was a acceptance level set by the World Meteorological Organisation. A sudden rise in water level for recent case study by FFWC looked into how much one could save few days, then the forecast in spite of ooding as a result of 5 days ood warning. A 5 days of early warning came into play. We discussed sherman’s averted loss was estimated to be BDT 50,000 and based on the forecast, how livestock owners averted loss was estimated at BDT 30,000 for many days it’s going to rise and when to fall. So the livestock. CDMP is continuing to support innovation in ood Building on this investment FFWC is now also undertaking trials 29 farmers who already planted forecasting. FFWC is generating structure based early warning of a mid-term experimental forecast providing up to ten days their paddy didn’t apply on an experimental basis. Flash ood early warning is also early warning, with support from USAID and technical fertilizer because if water available on the FFWC website as a pilot for north-eastern assistance from RIMES. CDMP II’s investment has created the comes in presence of fertilizer, depressed (Haor) regions and the seasonally inundated basin at foundation for sustainable change in this critical area, which it destroys the crop quickly. the foothill of the Meghalayan Mountains. UNISDR’s Global Assessment Report points out is by far the Again, those who were biggest cause of loss in Bangladesh. planning to prepare seed bed CDMP’s Value for Money Study, conducted in early 2015 estimates waited until the water level fall the investment in ood early warning to have created a return on to some extent based on the investment of 260:1. There can be no doubt that investment in forecast.” this area is truly high impact. Mr. Md. Kawser Ali, member secretary, Mogolbasa union Parishad 27. There are several irrigation projects in Northern Bangladesh where speci c early warning capacity is in trial for the protection of particular pieces of infrastructure. 42 “Mainstreaming Guidelines on Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change adaptation for agriculture, sheries and livestock services will help the farmers to save their products from adverse situation”
Ms. Ismat Ara Sadique, Honorable State Minister, Ministry of Public Administration
Educating Children in DRR-CCA DRR and CCA incorporated into the Ministry of Planning’s Development Project Proforma CDMP’s partnership with The National Curriculum and Text Book Board (NCTB) has incorporated DRR-CCA contents in the textbooks of All new development projects in Bangladesh must be screened and class III – XII (31 textbooks and 18 supplementary learning materials). approved by the Ministry of Planning prior to implementation. For More than 22 million students have been learning new knowledge on the rst time screening criteria for disaster and climate risk have 210 o cials DRR-CCA every year 30 as a result of this initiative. Importantly NCTB been incorporated into the process. In partnership with the General trained on utilizing the have committed to retain and update this curriculum content in the Economics Division of the Ministry of Planning CDMP II has revised DPP Format long-term and to ensure it is incorporated in all new textbooks developed a handbook for planning o cers from di erent printed in future. This is a lasting change for Bangladesh. ministries to prepare new project documents which are DRR-CCA sensitive. A total of 210 o cials have been trained on utilizing the DRR-CCA integrated into planning frameworks revised DPP Format and appropriate strategies to address the disaster and climate issues within their sectoral projects. The Departments of Agricultural Extension, Fisheries, Livestock and the Department for Women A airs have developed their sector speci c “DRR-CCA Mainstreaming Guideline” and “Risk Reduction Action Plans”. There are now evidences where planning principles are Planning now being applied by di erent departments in practice through new Minister development projects and in training plans. DAE has prepared a new inaugurating project named “Dissemination of Floating Vegetables and Spices the Training Cultivation as a Climate Change Adaptation Technology for Flood and program on Waterlogged Areas of Bangladesh” building on the CDMP supported revised DPP DCRMA Project. The Bangladesh Technical Education Board has formal for incorporated DRR-CCA in its Agriculture Training Institute curriculum. planning professionals of di erent 30. BANBEIS Database (http://www.banbeis.gov.bd/) ministries.
0143 Results from mainstreaming DRR and CCA in CDMP’s partnerships
Bangladesh Meteorological Department ($803,700 invested by CDMP)
The dynamic BMD Website (www.bmd.gov.bd ) was redesigned and upgraded and now provides people with all types of weather information along with a weather bulletin and a seven day weather forecast. Previously all data was manually entered. This investment has greatly improved the e ciency and accuracy of the BMD forecast communications and improved access.
All data generated from the various weather observatories in Bangladesh are archived automatically and can be easily accessed for any year, date and area. This is signi cantly improving BMD’s ability to analyse weather patterns and to monitor trends.
Solar energy installations at the weather observatories keep the system functioning even if there is no sunshine for three days.
The capacity development undertaken with CDMP’s support has Accuracy of BMD's improved BMD’s accuracy in analyzing information, raising the forecast greatly accuracy of forecasts based on data retrieved from the weather observatories. improved.
44 FloodBangladesh Forecasting Meteorological and Warning Department: Centre (FFWC) ($500,000 invested by CDMP)
The Asian Development Bank’s early warning systems assessment estimated communities can save more than 70% of their movable resources/capital goods, if they get ve days advance warning on ood events. As the FFWC ood forecast lead time has been increased from 3 to 5 days, the lives, livelihoods and assets security of the 88 million people living in four river basin areas of Bangladesh has therefore increased. The forecast has been available on the FFWC website since 2013.
The forecasting capacity is now embedded into the daily business of FFWC and is nanced by the government.
The FFWC website was relaunched in July 2014 under CDMP to make it more dynamic and since then it has received more than 80,000 hits.
Over 110 million mobile phone subscribers have been provided access to Interactive Voice Response based early warning dissemination, implemented by TeleTalk, by dialling the number 10941. Daily weather forecasts and disaster early warning for ood and cyclone, are updated automatically by BMD and FFWC.
Radios distributed by CDMP II have increased access to community radio Flood early warning increased stations. The stations are producing high quality radio programming on DRR and CCA, and enabling thousands of people to receive weather forecasts. to 3 days to 5 days bene tting The community radio stations situated in the coastal zone have extended 88 million people. their broadcasting hours with CDMP’s help.
45 The installation of seismograph and accelerometers increased the capacity of the GSB as seismic waves generates as a result of earth quake can “be detected by using seismograph. The capacity of the GSB sta in working with seismic microzonation has been developed. This is the rst time that the department has worked on active fault identi cation in the country with foreign experts with support from CDMP II. In order to ensure that the knowledge and expertise are not lost over time, junior o cers are learning through knowledge transfer from their seniors.”
Reshad Md. Ekram Ali, Director GSB
Geological Survey of Bangladesh ($400,000 invested by CDMP)
GSB has procured and installed 6 (six) combined seismometer and a further 10 accelerometers have been installed by CDMP II, adding to the twenty commissioned in the rst phase. GSB’s technical capacity to monitor ground movement across all faults in Bangladesh and update their analysis of seismic risk has been established.
The seismic zonation maps developed by CDMP II have identi ed zones that are at risk of earthquakes within the 9 biggest cities in Bangladesh. The awareness of local populations in these areas has been raised about evacuation and to shelter in speci c areas.
GSB sta capacity has been raised through CDMP II investment. For the rst time GSB has worked on active fault identi cation, supported by international expertise. A network of GSB sta , experts and companies has been established both at home and abroad to facilitate easy sharing of knowledge and data. GSB will take over “ownership” of the seismic risk and GSB can now identify active geo-hazard analysis and data that CDMP II has nanced. faults for the rst time.
46 Climate Change Cell of the Department of Environment ($492,761 invested by CDMP)
The Climate Change Cell incorporated climate change issues in the amended National Environment Policy, 2013. The policy governs the integration of adaptation and mitigation issues into all development projects. The Cell has become an important source of information for the climate and development community, with researchers, practitioners, academia, NGO professionals and others visiting regularly for information and knowledge documents.
The Cell’s advocacy e orts have included the production of two documentaries for use both domestically and internationally. The documentaries, on the impacts of climate change and on tracking climate-induced displacement, illustrate Bangladesh’s vulnerabilities to climate change. Data and information services may be accessed by stakeholders and organisations from the comprehensive web-enabled database(http://180.211.164.220/ccdb/dataviewer/Default.aspx) on climate change developed by the Cell, which is the rst of its kind in the country. The database facilitates research and policy / programme development.
The cell has commissioned a “Sea Level Rise Trend Analysis” which is of great importance for the country’s policy and planning framework for the low elevation coastal zone. It will be published by the end of 2015.
The cell has been an integral part of the DOE charter. Regular government positions are created (3 senior and mid-level o cers) with research and communication capacity. The MOE has also created the International Conventions Wing to sustain the work of the cell, although the MOE will continue to support the cell, and seek international nancing for it, as an The Cell has established a e cient way to implant external technical capacity within the Department of comprehensive online Environment. database on Climate Change.
47 Online Climate Database: A Step towards better Management of the Climate Change Knowledge in Bangladesh
Climate Change Cell is known as “Resource Center” of Bangladesh Government for climate change data, information, awareness building materials, research reports and other publications. Easily accessible climate change data and information are more than important to conduct research and to in uence the policies, investments and after all climate resilient development. Recognizing the fact, the Climate Change Cell has come up a decision to develop an updated and web-enabled climate change database which can provide the stakeholders with easily accessible online data free of cost. It will obviously boost the research and practices on climate change issues in Bangladesh. Although a Climate Change Database (CCD) was developed with the e ort of the CCC at its rst Phase, it was not as user-friendly as it was expected. Moreover, the database was run in the Cell’s computer section in Dr. M. A. Sattar, Director General, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear oine mode and it saw a lack of its publicity up to the mark. Due to all these reasons, the database Agriculture (BINA), visited the Cell to collect necessary data and was hardly used by the stakeholders. The updated and web-enabled climate change database will information. He was delighted enough to have lots of printed focus on climate related data, including climate change science, impacts, adaptations and climate risk necessary publications. He was also provided the updated management in Bangladesh, which can be useful to relevant policy makers, planners and researchers brochure of the Cell. Going through the brochure he came to as well. The database will also become a part of the climate change web portal which will be easily know that the Cell was going to launch an easily accessible accessible through internet connection. online database with updated data, information materials, research reports and other publications. Dr. Sattar became The students, researchers, NGO personnel and the academicians, both from home and abroad, who excited at the news and willingly assured the Cell that he will need climate change related data and information rst target and visit the Department of disseminate this news among other important stakeholders so Environment (DoE) as the Department is the only technical wing of the Ministry of Environment of that they can be bene ted from the database. Forests (MoEF), the focal ministry to address climate change issues in Bangladesh. The o cials of the Cell have to receive a good number of phone calls from the stakeholders for requisition of the climate change knowledge documents. Again, every day, lots of personnel working in climate change elds visit the Cell for necessary data, information and publications. It provides the stakeholders with updated information and knowledge documents as an important routine work. 48 Fire Service and Civil Defence ($3,000,000 invested by CDMP)
CDMP II has nanced the training of 30,011 Urban Volunteers for light search and rescue and related duties (See section on urban risk reduction above). These volunteers are trained to provide assistance during res, oods and other disasters. The initiative has trained 6,970 women volunteers to provide assistance to female victims.
The volunteer training programme brings together a diverse group of people in preparedness and response. The volunteers, although mostly high school students, also include doctors, engineers and government o cers. In some cases, entire families have taken part in the programme, inspired by a particular event.
These volunteers are taking on a leading role in community response to disasters, and proved their value in the search and rescue operations during the Rana Plaza collapse in April 2013. At the time of the collapse, 3,122 workers were estimated to be inside the building. CDMP II’s after action review estimated that up to 920 volunteers worked in shifts for 19 days, risking their own lives to save others. Close to 2,500 lives were saved during the search and rescue operation. CDMP’s Value for Money Study estimated that, for Rana Plaza alone, the participation of urban volunteers, along with other support of FSCD, contributed to a bene t cost ratio of 23.7:1.
In addition to the CDMP support for urban volunteers, supports are now coming from other INGOs, including the NARRI Consortium. The World Bank’s FSCD has trained 30,000 Bangladesh Urban Earthquake Resilience Programme (BUERP) will nance urban volunteers. the training of an additional 30,000 volunteers from 2016, sustaining and extending CDMP II’s initiative.
49 Department of Agricultural Extension ($3,360,169 invested by CDMP)
Climate Field Schools are an adaptation of DAE’s extension programme, Farmer Field Schools, helping members to adopt new technologies and approaches to sustain and increase yields in spite of climate change risks. As part of the curriculum a eld day is observed involving a huge community gathering. The technology introduced to the CFS farmers and various types of disaster related knowledge are shared with the community. The event motivates the local people to adopt the technologies demonstrated, such as the use of new rice varieties more tolerant to ood or saline water.
CFS farmers have been trained in implementing the Manikganj Model of dry seedbed technology. The model is used for raising seedlings during cold spells and for rice production in the dry season. The project received a national award as an innovative response to climate change impact on crop cultivation. CFS’s will continue to receive government support alongside the regular FFS across the country. DAE intends to adapt more FFS as CFS in future.
Disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation in crop selection is becoming a part of the DAE’s planning strategy. Prior to CDMP II the focus was on what crop would generate the biggest yield. Now the DAE is scaling up CFS in new department looks at not just the yield, but also its resilience to disaster programmes. and climate risk. At the krishi projukti mela, or agricultural fair, held in December, 2014 in Dacope upazila, for example, the DAE included the technology demonstrated in the CFS.
50 Dry Seedbed: Newly evolved technology for Bene ts of dry Seedbed Only 10 kg seeds are No need for irrigation climate change adaptation Healthy and cold injury needed for 100 water/ rain water to free seedling can be decimals, that is about raise seedlings and one produced easily half of the traditional The farmers of Manikgonj are practicing Mustard/Boro- Fallow - T. Aman and seedling/hill is enough method, and about Mustard / Boro- Fallow -B. Aman and other cropping patterns. To follow the 25-30% more yield can for transplanting existing cropping pattern they start to raise seedlings of boro rice after sowing be harvested mustard from mid November and transplant it after harvesting mustard. The farmers transplant 60 to 70 days old seedlings. Most of the farmers raise their seedlings by traditional wet seed bed method. In last few years the farmers It reduces labour cost Recovery stage is short as root zone of seedling is near about one-fourth were facing problems in raising seedlings of boro rice due to cold spells, which less damaged. This technology is cost e ective, when seedlings are time saving and congenial for higher yield. sometimes damage most of the seedlings. uprooted
Md. Mizanur Rahman is a small farmer of Maluchi village under Kanchanpur Union in Horirampur Upazilla of Manikgonj district. He participated in a training course by Disaster and Climate Risk Management in Agriculture project where he learned about dry seedbed preparation. He collected seeds from a reliable source and with the technical support of Upazila Agriculture O ce he successfully produced healthy, disease free greenish and vigorous seedlings as he followed the whole recommended package of technologies and became successful.
Mr. Rahman has earned a gross income of Taka 20,000 by selling seedlings from 10 decimals of dry seedbed. He harvested about 1.2 ton/bigha (33 decimals), for which the cost was about Taka 6,000 and sold for about Taka 18,000. Now he is very happy with the low cost of production as he transplanted disease free and healthy seedlings, gained better yield and better income. Actually the dry seedbed technology is a newly evolved Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) technology which protects seedlings from cold injury in winter season and the technology is spontaneously adaptable in climate vulnerable areas.
Mr. Rahman says, “I have a plan to organize the farmers of my area to grow seedlings following the dry seedbed method to have healthy, strong and stout rice seedlings”.
51 The sheries sector is severely a ected by global warming and climate change related impacts. Under “CDMP assisted project, we studied various sh species and piloted adaptive strategies in di erent hazard prone areas. Now we are going to replicate our invented varieties through our regular programmes.”
Arif Azad (Phd), Director General, Fisheries Department.
Department of Fisheries ($250,000 invested by CDMP)
Department of Fisheries conducted an Assessment of Agro-ecological zone speci c risks, vulnerabilities of disaster and climate change and Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) in sheries sector of Bangladesh and developed a Disaster Risk Reduction Action Plan for DOF.
1350 farmers and 250 DoF o cers have been trained. The sh farmers used to produce a single crop throughout the year, which carried high risks. Now as a result of the training and support from the project with the introduction of the safe aquaculture method, the farmers have started to implement short term safe aquaculture. This allowed the farmers to select short duration sh, modern rearing technique and harvest with in 4-5 months. A guidebook has been prepared for the farmers.
As per a directive issued by the Director General of the DoF, this training module has been integrated into its regular training programme, and funded by the department to train 40 of its sta , initially. Replication of short term aquaculure in the saline prone areas DoF has adopted a DRR by the community people and supported by the Local o ce of the Department of Fisheries. Action Plan.
52 SHORT TERM SAFE AQUACULTURE: An initiative for Climate Change Adaptation in model village
The north and north-western drought-prone areas and coastal regions of Bangladesh and lower temperature tolerant modi ed monosex species ‘Tilapia’ for a safe period are particularly sensitive to speci c hydro-meteorological climatic and human of December to April is being piloted in the ood prone areas. Five demonstration induced hazards. The north-western region of Bangladesh is historically drought ponds were established in late December 2012 in the village Khalsiin Manikganj prone.These droughts are associated with erratic monsoon rains and with district. The ponds were establishedin a contributory manner where farmers’ intermittent dry spells coinciding with critical stages for aquaculture and sheries. contribution was about 40% of total cost. Aquaculture in this region is highly vulnerable due to both extreme ood and drought. Additionally, salinity resulting from prolonged dry spells and reduction of The farmers were provided with training, monosex ‘Tilapia’ ngerlings, technical upstream river ow is likely to intrude far inland, destroying fresh water sheries and support, pellet oating feed, fertilizers, and netting. All shes were harvested in May their diversity in many areas. 2013 in the presence of other villagers on the farmer’s eld day, with senior o cers from DoF also present. Most of the farmers attending were impressed at seeing the To identify risks in the sheries sector and further strengthen the capacities of result and pro t of culturing monosex tilapia during the risk free period, and showed Department of Fisheries (DoF) in respect to Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate interest to adopt the culture as CCA. Change Adaptation, DoF is implementing a partnership programme with CDMP. The trial indicates that the Short-term Safe Aquaculture using monsex tilapia would Major impacts of climate change like changes in temperature, reduced water be an excellent variety for CCA as it is fast growing and temperature tolerant at both retention period, and low and untimely rainfall are identi ed as limiting factors for ends.Farmers could get a return within a short time- four months only. Based on the aquaculture. Considering these risks, “Short-term Safe Aquaculture” using the higher result of the demonstration, the technology has been extended to another 45 ponds in di erent agro-ecological zones, for further trial before nation-wide extension. 53 Department of Livestock Services ($250,126 invested by CDMP)
DLS developed a training module on Bio security measures and provide training to 600 o cers of DLS on Bio security measures. Participatory climate change National Curriculum and Textbook Board adaptation technology demonstrations and farmer meetings in 50 targeted upazilas have increased awareness of local disaster risks. The trained o cials ($199,996 invested by CDMP) provided training to 1650 farmers.
A local volunteer programme has been launched in Hatia Island to vaccinate The National Curriculum and Textbook Board (NCTB) have incorporated disaster and livestock and poultry against the foot and mouth disease in the wake of oods. climate change risks issues in the elementary and secondary education curricula and Local livestock assistants received skills-training in providing support to livestock. syllabi. Over 22 million students annually (8 to 17 years of age) now have access to DRR and CCA information, included in their textbooks (31 textbooks and 18 supplementary Ten model villages have been set up in a cross-sectoral collaborative e ort materials) between the DoF, DAE and the DLS with integrated interventions in the three sectors, supported by CDMP. Resilient Integrated agricultural model villages are As a result of awareness-raising workshops held in three divisions for teachers, education being established in 10 upazilas integrating agriculture, livestock and sheries to o cers and school management committee members, the participants have pledged help the villagers sustain and adapt themselves to any kind of disaster. So far, 100 their commitment to take action to advocate and disseminate DRR and CCA knowledge farms have participated. Various production inputs provided to the farmers. in schools, among guardians, and to local communities.
To adapt to ood situations, farmers are being advised to estimate the ood levels Next Curriculum review will be done in 2017. In order to ensure quality curriculum NCTB in their areas in the past 10 years and to construct their farms 3 feet above the needs to take CDMP as specialized partner in DRR and CCA matters to conduct the recorded highest ood level. Improved rearing practice has been adopted by the periodical progress and content review for the products. farmers.
22 million students annually learning about DRR and CCA in the school curriculum.
54 Department of Public Health Engineering ($152,477 invested by CDMP)
The steps that the DPHE has taken since the cyclone Aila hit the country, provides over a million of the a ected people with better access to safe drinking water. Its activities have signi cantly reduced the risk of water borne diseases. More than 550,000 women now have improved access to safe drinking water, as a result of which the risk of acquiring water-borne diseases has been reduced. Their domestic workload - traveling long distances to fetch water and having to make do with very little water for household chores- has been reduced, along with the number of cases of abuse associated with disaster periods.
Rainwater harvesting units installed at household (49) and community (4) levels are bene ting 350 people of those areas where deep tube wells cannot be installed due to lowering of the water table. The rainwater harvesting units ensure safe drinking water for the community year round.
Tube wells with raised platforms (50) as precaution against ooding and multi-headed tube wells (6) - each serving many users through multiple connections - are bene ting 3,000 people.
Installation of 6 Multiple DTW with raised platform above ood level ensure the safe drinking water for around 100 families. In those areas water layer is rarely found. If suitable layer is found 3 tube wells are linked through surface connection. 550,000 women have improved access to safe BCAS is studying the e ectiveness of the di erent water options implemented by DPHE in 2015. drinking water.
55 I am happy to know that 200 vulnerable women from 10 districts received livelihood support and life skills “training from CDMP supported project. This number should be increased to cover more vulnerable women”. Government will gradually implement the Risk Reduction Action Plan. “
Ms. Meher Afroze Chumki, Honorable State Minister, Ministry of Women and Children A airs
Department of Women A airs ($100,000 invested by CDMP)
CDMP has successfully advocated for the incorporation of gender issues in key policies and capacities of the government and in cyclone shelter design and features. Training on how to address the vulnerabilities of women and how to ensure equal opportunities in pre- and post-disaster situations has also been provided – both to district relief and rehabilitation o cers, as well as upazila level project implementing o cers of the DWA. The DWA has taken the initiative to prepare and implement a Disaster Risk Reduction Action Plan with technical and nancial assistance from CDMP for 2013-2018. The programme is structured around four pillars viz, (i) institutionalisation, (ii) knowledge management and capacity building, (iii) increasing resilience, (iv) advocacy and awareness building. Contingency Plan to cope with earthquake hazards was developed. The contingency plan identi ed various activities to make the DWA operational after any severe earth quake. The infrastructure, sta and bene ciaries are the prime target of the plan. The plan was share with sta through dissemination workshop and di erent training programs. IEC materials, such as posters and lea ets, have been developed to raise awareness on the need for gender sensitivity in disaster response. The Action plan , Gender Toolkit, DWA awareness and contingency Plan shared with the o cials and CBO members advocacy of disaster through DWA O ces at district and Upazila. The awareness building activity proposed in the action plan along impact raised. with training of trainers carried out in 10 districts for 250 o cials and CBO members. 100 vulnerable women received support from DWA for alternative income and employment generation along with life skills training. 56 Directorate General of Health Services ($173,600 invested by CDMP)
Two disaster related guidelines have been developed: A health-related comprehensive post-earthquake action plan for urban cities, developed. This provides an action plan on response and short-term recovery operations related to earthquakes. DGHS is in a process to implement some of the actions from the plan.
A non-structural vulnerability assessment and guideline has also been developed for hospitals at central, district and upazila levels. This one is mainly intended for hospital sta and managers who bear the responsibility of ensuring the stability of the hospital structures and assets during earthquakes. It may also be used by hospital authorities and disaster risk managers responsible for hospital emergency preparedness. DGHS have planned to assess the non-structural vulnerabilities of 3 hospitals in disaster prone areas.
Health service providers in three Upazilas (in Cox’s Bazaar, Chapainawabganj, Shatkhira district) have received training in EPR (Emergency Preparedness and Response) for response and rescue of disaster victims.
A National Health Crisis Management and Archive Centre for disaster records and early warning are now operational. Through this centre, the DGHS maintains, collects and analyses data from all sources, such as local health authorities, the BMD, and di erent government and National Health Crisis non-government sources. The DGHS also updates its Emergency Management Centre Management Databank using information from that centre. established in Dhaka.
57
Ministry of Land ($36,425 invested by CDMP)
Land and other natural resources degradation continued in Bangladesh. The survival of ecologically sensitive wetlands and forest areas are also the burning issues which need due importance. The National Land use policy 2001 of Ministry of Land highlights the need, the importance of land zoning for ensuring criteria based land uses helping to integrate planning and management of natural resources. The increasing trend of population displacement due to river/beach/char erosion and climate change e ects are leading to unplanned settlements and increased density in urban areas, which is only multiplying people’s vulnerability. Land use planning including resettlement planning is an important issue for disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation, which was rightly pointed out by the MoL and CDMP II.
A national level workshop on the Agricultural Land Protection Act 2011 and 15 validation workshops on the Land Zoning Map had also been conducted. 16 seminars (10 districts and 6 in the upazilas level) have been conducted to disseminate the nding of land zoning map and to aware the participants to prepare the settlement and investment plan based on the zoning map considering disaster risk, climate vulnerabilities, food security and sustainable development. Awareness of the Agricultural Land Protection Act 2011 raised.
58 Community Level Climate Change Adaptation
The Climate Change Adaptation portfolio of CDMP seeks to translate the hard science of Climate Change (CC) prediction into tangible, community-level actions to support adaptation to increasing hydro-meteorological hazards. It attempts to ensure better understanding of impact of CC and DRR at various level and for di erent stakeholders. It intends to a) establish CCA capacity within the partner Ministries, DMCs, b) mainstream CCA considerations in policies, programmes, c) develop and disseminate CCA and DRR tools, techniques and methods to enhance community resilience and policy advocacy and d) provide support for improved and e ective adaptation initiatives.
CDMP II lled gaps in the available knowledge on climate change, impacts and adaptation. The project nanced four study series which covered trends and future scenarios of climate parameters, local level inundation risk maps (for ood and storm surge), salinity intrusion scenarios, vulnerability to climate induced drought and 138 government locally suited non-farm livelihood options. A study on the trends of o cials of di erent internal displacement due to disaster and climate change was ministries and agencies completed. All these study reports were disseminated to the CDMP trained on climate partner ministries (10), department (15), academic (25), research change adaptation (10), training institutes (10) and NGOs (15) and development partners/donors (10). In response to requests from various users the soft copies of all research reports have been uploaded and made 31 available in the online DM library (www.dmic.org.bd/e-library). Climate change knowledge and awareness has been raised through the research Based on the study ndings on climate parameters, drought and conducted by CDMP II. Our work to integrate CCA into the way government works local risk maps, 3 policy briefs were developed to assist the policy is enabling trained o cials to promote e ective adaptation approaches in their makers on informed decision making. The Hon. Minister, Ministry of Disaster Management and Relief launched and published the CC respective organizations. CDMP II has also pioneered approaches to multi-hazard study reports o cially in the 2014 national disaster preparedness vulnerability assessment. day. 31. Local Level Hazard Maps For Flood, Storm, Surge and Salinity - http://www.kmp.dmic.org.bd/handle/123456789/233; Development of Four Decade Long Climate Scenario and Trend: Temperature, Rainfall, Sunshine and Humidity - http://www.kmp.dmic.org.bd/handle/123456789/232; Vulnerability to climate induced drought: scenario and impacts - http://www.kmp.dmic.org.bd/handle/123456789/15
59 Major Findings from the study on: Development of Four Decade Long Climate Scenario and Trend: Temperature, Rainfall, Sunshine & Humidity
The analysis of measured temperature (1948-2010) at 34 locations indicates that the overall trend in all-Bangladesh annual temperatures is rising at a rate of about 1.20C per century. More importantly, this trend has become stronger in recent years.
The analysis of measured rainfalls reveals that the annual rainfall at country level is essentially free of any signi cant change and trend. The PRECIS outputs also indicate similar result.
The annual rainfalls in the far north-west (Rangpur-Dinajpur) and south-west (Jessore- Khulna-Satkhira) regions are found to be increasing at 90% level of con dence. The rainfalls in south-central and south-east regions (Faridpur-Comilla-Barisal) are decreasing signi cantly.
The study ndings have been able to generate interest and enthusiasm among the professionals and users at various levels. After distribution and dissemination through the national launching programme at least 50 Major Findings from the study on: organization/institutes requested additional copies of the reports and students and researchers (from within the Trend and Impact Analysis of Internal Displacement due to the country and outside) are often coming to discuss and learn Impacts of Disaster and Climate Change about the ndings of the studies.
In the baseline situation of internal displacement, it has been found that about 62% of households in the A study on ‘Adaptation Test of Improved Fodder Varieties in study area were displaced temporarily and only 0.4% of households were displaced permanently due to the Coastal Area of Bangladesh’ is ongoing. The improved oods. variety from the Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute In case of riverbank erosion, it has been found that about 20% of households were displaced permanently (BLRI) has shown some promising result like tolerance to and only 1% had no experience of displacement. salinity, good yield, preferred by cattle and accepted by the community. This is rst such kind of initiative in the area and In the case of salinity ingress about 14% of households were displaced permanently, about 82% of the study results are expected to give some interesting and households were displaced temporarily. Although living in salinity areas, about 4% of households had no useful information and data with regard to the potential of experience of either permanent or temporary displacement. fodder production in the coastal saline areas of the country.
In case of waterlogging, about 13% of households were displaced permanently and about 84% of 60 households were displaced temporarily. We will include the CCA Training Contents in our “training curriculum for local government o cials.” Mr. Kazi Nurul Islam, Joint Director National Institute of Local Government (NILG)
Building awareness and capacity of the partner ministries and agencies on climate change adaption (CCA) was a major objective of CDMP. Till 2014, a total of 138 government o cials and training professionals of di erent ministries, implementing agencies and training institutes have “Climate Change been provided with training on CCA. Adaptation: A 500 Multi-Hazard The training programme was focused on updated information and facts on climate Trainer’s Risk Atlases prepared change science, impacts, adaptation and institutional aspects. The trained o cials are Handbook” developed and published for 10 selected now able to disseminate the lessons learned in their respective and handed over to the Upazilas ministries/departments/institutes, and contribute to making DRR-CCA inclusive training participants programmes in their respective departments. With an aim to continue giving these trainings even after CDMP, a handbook for the trainers titled “Climate Change 33 Adaptation: A Trainer’s Handbook” 32 has been developed, incorporating the lessons For the rst time in Bangladesh Multi-Hazard Risk Atlases were prepared and 500 copies learned from the trainings. The manual has been handed over to the training published for 10 selected Upazilas, to support the local level risk reduction and participants during the training programme while they have oriented as how they could adaptation planning with vulnerability, exposure and risk information. The Risk Atlas use the manual in the trainings in the respective ministries, agencies and institutes. The serves as a ready reference, with updated information of hazard and exposure, as well as manual contains 12 modules that provide details of basics of climate change, impacts, pro le on vulnerabilities and capacity at local level. The Atlas provides a reference to vulnerability, adaptation, mainstreaming climate change, climate resilient development, analyze hazard status (e.g. ood depth and extent, storm surge depth and inundation gender and climate change etc. extent, level of salinity concentration and inundation extent, drought pro le and extent), as well as vulnerability and capacity pro le. During the consultation for developing the Institutions like Bangladesh Academy of Rural Development (BARD), Rural Development Multi-Hazard Risk Atlas, stakeholders (e.g. MoDMR, DDM, CDMP Partner Agencies, Academy (RDA) have taken initiative to impart CCA training for their sta , using the District and Upazila Level O cers, NGOs) requested CDMP II to develop more Risk Atlases handbook. Others like Bangladesh Public Administration Training Academy (BPATC), for other vulnerable Upazilas. Based on the request, preparation of a second lot of Risk Bangladesh Civil Service Administration Academy have included DRR and CCA contents Atlases has been initiated for another 28 Upazilas. with technical supports from CDMP.
32. Available at http://www.kmp.dmic.org.bd/handle/123456789/374 33. http://kmp.dmic.org.bd/handle/123456789/380
61 The orientation gives us basic understanding as how to use the Atlas in the “planning and I hope I can use the same at my Upazila for resource planning and utilization during and after disaster.”
Mr. Mohammad Ataul Mondal, UNO, Sarankhola Upazila Bagerhat
While the rst batch provided a basis for learning by doing and especially targeting the upazila level o cers, the second batch of the Atlas has taken one step forward and will be hosted in the DDM Website/DMIC Server for easy access and use by interested users at all levels. Multi-hazard vulnerability assessment will now be taken forward through the DDM’s MVAR Cell and the atlases will be owned by that cell. A workshop was Initiative has been taken to organized both in Khulna and Rajshahi divisions and the district and Upazila level promote the idea of non-farm o cers were oriented as how to use the Atlas in the local level risk reduction planning. livelihood approaches and technologies.
Salient Features of the Atlas Based on the recommendation of the study on internal displacement, preparation of a national strategy on the management of internally displaced people will be completed Bilingual –both Bangla and English in 2015, which will be owned by the MoDMR. Based on study ndings on non-farm livelihood approaches and technologies, an initiative has been taken to promote the Follows a scienti c & participatory process idea of non-farm livelihood adaptation in 6 coastal districts. With a view to engage the Considers all hazards in the geography local government administration in the process, agreement has been made and Vulnerability and Exposure Analysis orientation has been provided to the o cials 9 Upazilas (sub-districts). Three (3) Upazilas Composite Risk Assessment at Union Levels have received nancial support from CDMP and they have implemented livelihood adaptation activities for the 1538 most vulnerable households.
Three separate ‘Adaptation and Risk reduction Toolkits’ - on ood and ash oods, In 2012, Union Factsheets containing information on the demography, climate, hazard, cyclones and salinity, and drought - were developed . Purpose of the toolkits is to infrastructure and other resources were developed for 1700 unions and distributed to support front-line and eld level training and extension sta in providing easy and the union and Upazila authorities to assist their risk assessments and planning for readily available local level disaster and climate change adaptation actions solution subsequent risk reduction interventions. The fact sheets are used by the Union Parishad measures to people in local communities. The toolkits have been disseminated to the in their local level planning. Few more updated data and information especially on users at national to district and upazila levels to enable them use in their day to day salinity, drought, ood and ash ood could be used in the new version. These problem solving/shooting purpose. Toolkits are now being widely used by the line factsheets are also hosted in the DMIC website (http://www.dmic.org.bd/factsheet). agencies like DAE.
62 Monitoring and Evaluation
Technical Support to the Ministry Monitoring Tools and Assessments
CDMP acted as a technical secretariat on a wide range of issues at the request of Despite adequate resources allocated for establishing the baseline and limited the MoDMR. This work included, but was not limited to, preparation of reports to theory of change in the initial project document and inception report, CDMP-II higher levels of Government, writing speeches and preparing responses to has managed to conduct assessments, small studies and monitoring visits to parliamentary questions for the Prime Minister. CDMP substantially contributed collect evidence to support its claims of success. The project document outlined to the MoDMR reporting to the Planning Commission, External Relations Division, its M&E capacity comprised of 1 Specialist, 1 monitoring o cer 34 and 8 Field Implementation Monitoring and Evaluation Division, and the Prime Minister’s Monitoring Associates. During 2012, advised by the CDMP Mid-Term Review O ce. CDMP made key contributions, on behalf of the Ministry to relevant mission 2012, DFID Annual Reviews, and EC-ROM reports, CDMPs e ort to retro t sections of the 6th and 7th Five Year Plan and progress, Perspective Plan, its monitoring framework to incorporate results indicators and theory of change Mid-term Budgetary Framework of MoDMR, Annual Economic Review, MoDMR was a failure. In addition, to achieve the additional target of spending USD 25m budget, and inter-ministerial reporting. posed pressure for faster implementation with a cost of transferring half of the M&E capacity of the project to programme implementation including LDRRF. As it Several other regular reports including the implementation progress made by was never possible to establish a reality based on time MIS with this compromised MoDMR of various government decisions, and coordination Meeting response. M&E capacity, the programme has commissioned series of studies and Although this work was not, strictly speaking, part of the CDMP II work plan it was assessments to help generate evidence of success and failure. an important support to the MoDMR that will leave a gap after the programme is nished. The project M&E has developed and reported the progress, achievement and results based on the management needs. The OECD-DAC criteria were used to assess the outcomes and lack thereof at di erent points of time to advise the project management to take care of the areas of improvement. The behavioural changes that were made out of CDMP contributions we assessed using the KAP approach especially for agriculture adaptation and mainstreaming. In parallel, the Microsoft Project was used to generate Gannt Chart to track progress for each of the critical activities in the project.
34. Based at UNDP country o ce to help cluster for donor reporting.
63 35 Task Name 2015 The rst “impact assessment” that was commissioned during early 2013 to evaluate the Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Outcome 1: Development of strong, well-managed and professional institutions in Bangladesh which are able to implement a comprehensive outcomes of CDMP I & II provided a report that contains general ndings on outcome range of risk reduction programmes and interventions at national level
Output 1.1: Approved and implemented policy and legislative framework to areas. However, the report failed to articulate how the outputs, which were achieved guide disaster management reforms and programmes 1.1.1 Updating of DM Act English version and sent to MoDMR during both Phases I and II, contributed to achieve the outcomes. Later another 1.1.1 Printing of the DM Act (English Version) and SOD 36 1.1.2 Draft Incident Management Guideline “independent process monitoring” was commissioned during late 2013 to monitor Output 1.2: MoDMR structure and skills improved to help the execution of revised Allocation of Business functions LDRRF interventions in 500 unions. The monitoring continued till the end of December 1.2.1 Finalizing DM Rule and sending it to the ministry 1.2.1 DM Volunteer Rules and DRR Funding Mechanism to the ministry
2014 and submitted the report. 1.2.3 Curriculum finalized on AOB 1.2.3 MoDMR Training (2 batch) Completed on AOB Output 1.4: Decentralized capacity building and professional development structures established and providing quality support Lastly, to complement the “Final Evaluation” of CDMP-II the project M&E has 1.4.2 BDMERT Secretariat established Output 1.5: Sustained MODMR and sectoral ministries capability to effectively commissioned six small studies to capture results across the outcomes and where CDMP contribute to international and regional initiatives 1.5.1 Support MoDMR to participate in WCDRR on 14-18 March 2015 (public forum: side event, marketplace, poster and video competition) has made greater investments. The project so far invested heavily in creating water Output 1.6: ‘Knowledge Services Centre’ established and providing efficient quality KM service to disaster management options in the scarcity areas, supporting climate eld schools for adaptive agriculture, 1.6.1 Concept note approved for marketing DM Library and E-Learning 1.6.1 Advertised in 5 national dailies, TV Scroll in 5 channel, FM radio improving ood early warning and e ective communication, improving UDMC capacity 1.6.1 200 KP uploaded to e-library completed (2nd lot) 1.6.1 Hand-over e-library to DDM and performance in preparedness and disaster management, and the use of sheer 1.6.3 Draft communication Strategy Finalized after consultation 1.6.3 Strategy adopted by MoDMR, Universities and Community Radio amount of knowledge CDMP has produced during last 5 years. CDMP also conducted a 1.6.3 Complete 20 batch training to local journalist value for money assessment for those areas as well. All these will contribute to the nal Project: Milestone 2014-2015_ Task Milestone Inactive Task Finish-only Date: 6/16/15 Split Summary Start-only Progress evaluation. Page 1 Figure: Gantt Chart for Progress Tracking
Impact Evaluation by EMINENCE
EMINENCE, a national NGO, was engaged to conduct an impact assessment of CDMP-I&II in early 2013. In summary, Eminence reported that it is evident that there has been a signi cant positive change in terms of adoption of policies, acts, rules, and guidelines with a view to transforming the national disaster management system towards adoption of more pro-active risk reduction approaches and practices at the national level. The assessment reported the change in policies at the national level as ‘High’, while at the sub-national and community levels it has been ‘Low’ and ‘High’, respectively; the change in values and perspective has been ‘Moderate’ at all three levels (national, sub-national and community); and the change in practice has been ‘Moderate’ at the national level, ‘Low’ at the sub-national level and ‘High’ at the community level.
The assessment concluded that that over almost a decade there has been a proliferation of policies, guidelines, directives, and acts to transform the traditional disaster management practices towards risk reduction approaches in Bangladesh. It is seen that in recent years several highly signi cant policies, acts, and guidelines have been adopted by the Government. Government o cials and other stakeholders credited CDMP’s continuous support and involvement in making these policy changes at national level.
35. A national NGO name EMINENCE was engaged to conduct the assessment for CDMP-II and advise any mid-course correction 36. By a consulting rm named “Micro Industries Development Assistance and Services (MIDAS)” 64 LDRRF Independent Monitoring UNDP engaged MIDAS 37 to monitor the LDRRF interventions at the eld level in 2013 for 18 months. The activity concluded in December 2014 and they have submitted their nal monitoring report verifying 1,221 schemes (both urban and rural) across the country. According to their assessment a total of 2.7 million people are getting direct bene ts from the LDRRF interventions, of which 1.29 million are women. Implementation of LDRRF schemes have created 5.25 million work days for around 185,000 male and 30,000 female workers on a daily basis.
The monitoring reports have identi ed the areas of improvement along with capturing some successes. One of the major criticisms that LDRRF faced was the limited balance between the structural interventions and the capacity development e orts. Almost 95% of the investment was focused on creating small scale structural risk reduction interventions at the local level. Despite enormous success in terms of reducing community vulnerability and risks, one key challenge that went largely unaddressed for those structures was the ownership and future maintenance. More than 80% bene ciaries thought that the UP should take the maintenance responsibility to maintain the structures. But it is evident that the UPs, with their limited annual development budgets, are neither adequate or, in many cases, willing to 2.7 maintain such facilities. Million Bene ciaries
1.29 Million women
65 37. Micro Industries Development Assistance and Services Value for Money Estimates
CDMP-II interventions, especially early warning systems, have achieved bene ts which clearly outweigh costs, and thus provide value for money. Below are a handful of examples of monetised quanti cation of CDMP II value for money.38
Five-day ood forecast
The improved FFWC forecast bene ts 19.5 million households living in river basins. upgraded observatories, climate database management and more easily accessed The increased two days of forecast would as per ADB 39 estimates make it possible for weather information. We have, in addition, assumed an annual Government households to save additionally 20% of their movable assets – 70% of assets with ve maintenance cost of the FFWC and BMD systems of $100,000 per year over a ten-year days’ advance warning, compared to 50% with three days’ notice which was available period. However, the cost of local community dissemination to individual households when CDMP II started. In 10 years’ time (a normal time frame used for bene ts has not been considered; the BCA is strictly an analysis of costs and bene ts of setting extending to the future); using a 10% discount rate (normally used in developing up and maintaining the systems that enable early ood warning. country contexts); two major events of ooding country-wide over a ten-year period are assumed, with a conservative estimate a ecting an average 2 million households Using the above assumptions, a cost bene t analysis (based on a discounted cash each time. ow) was carried out and it gave very good returns at BCR 260:1. This signi es that for every $ invested in ood early warning, we could expect an estimated $260 return. For the value of removable assets we have used an IFPRI household survey from Also, net present value of bene ts (NPV) found this way amounts to $495 m. 2011-2012 40 for a nationally representative sample of rural households in Bangladesh, As this is a forward looking scenario, costs of maintaining the EWS systems set up by which nds an average value of $812 per household (excluding nancial savings). For CDMP II are borne by the Government after 2015. Therefore, some of the bene ts will the bene ts occurring, we only consider the additional 20% of the value of household also be attributable to them under this scenario. Assuming $50,000 each per year for assets, and do not take into account other productive assets such as equipment at FFWC and BMD for maintenance costs, this would mean 68% of total costs schools, union and Upazila complexes, factories and other enterprises. If we (discounted) were borne by CDMP II and 32% by GoB (cost contribution). Bene ts considered those, the positive returns reported below would be even higher. attributable to CDMP II this way would amount to $336.6 m, which is four and a half We have considered the CDMP costs of both FFWC ($500,000) and Bangladesh times the total cost of the whole programme. Meteorological Department ($800,000). FFWC provided the ood prediction model,
38. Sourced from a recent Value For Money report commissioned by UNDP. 39. ADB (2006) "Bangladesh: Early Warning Systems Study", Technical Assistance Consultant’s Report, Project Number: 38625 (TA 4562). 40. Bangladesh Integrated Household Survey 2011-2012, IFPRI, 2013. Datasets on value of household assets made available by IFPRI, Bangladesh. 66 Early warning IVR information: 110 million subscribers can receive early warning through Interactive Voice Response. One person can have multiple SIM cards; however, GSMA estimates unique subscriber penetration to be 50% of the Bangladeshi population, which is corroborated by ndings of HIES 2010. This would give at least 75 million IVR bene ciaries, at a very low cost of 1 $ Cent per bene ciary to set up and operationalize the IVR system
Search and rescue operations after the Rana Plaza incident: The Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALY) approach can be used to quantify and monetise bene ts of lives saved through e ective disaster response. Based on around 2,500 lives saved after Rana Plaza and using 2012 GNI per capita ($950) 41 for the value of each DALY, bene ts amount to $71,250,000, based on 30 DALYs saved per person rescued alive. Total CDMP II cost for FSCD is $3 million, which gives a BCR of 23.7:1 (assuming attribution to trained volunteers and professional rescuers and provision of rescue equipment to FSCD).42 CDMP II cost per life year saved comes to $40. The high level of monetised bene ts would mean that bene ts outweigh not only the component cost, but also total expected expenditure of CDMP II.
Local risk reduction: Based on an estimate of 3 million LDRRF bene ciaries, the cost per bene ciary comes to $ 8. This compares favourably against other similar interventions, like the Enhancing Community Resilience programme in Malawi, reporting a cost per bene ciary of $36, the programme Response to Predictable Humanitarian Emergencies and Support to Early Recovery in Pakistan at a cost of $13 per bene ciary, and one of the schemes under Bangladesh Disaster Preparedness and Response Programme at around $38 per bene ciary.
VfM leveraging ratio for new programming: CDMP II experience has been used in the design of two new programmes in Bangladesh, with likelihood that the design of more new programmes can be informed by CDMP evidence. Taking into account Bangladesh Urban Resilience Project ($ 125 million by World Bank) and Bangladesh Seismic Risk Mitigation and Emergency Preparedness (over $ 14 million by Islamic Development Bank), which both used CDMP experience for their design, gives a VfM leveraging ratio of 2.2 against expected CDMP II expenditure.
41. World Development Indicators, Bangladesh (http://data.worldbank.org/country/bangladesh) 42. Only part of CDMP cost for FSCD relates to the Rana Plaza rescue operation, and similarly only part of the bene t can be attributed to CDMP support. For simplicity of calculation we here assume that partial cost and partial bene ts balance out.
67 Information & Communication Technology
Disaster Management Information Center (DMIC) is a One-Stop Center for disaster and climate change related information. http://www.dmic.org.bd/
Government, development partners, I/NGOs, academia are the primary users of this portal where they can easily access to the following websites:
Situation Report (SitRep) Inundation Map
The “Situation Report (SitRep)” is a report based on review and analysis of the This application stores inundation depth map to retrieve by the users online. Maps are downloadable in JPEG format. www.dmic.org.bd/inmap disaster information management and dissemination with particular emphasis on emergency response and operations. In one go SitReps are shared with 506 users Union Factsheet through a group mailing and also viewed by others as it is on the web. http://www.cdmp.org.bd/modules.php?name=Situation 1700+ Union factsheet can be viewed and downloaded in PDF from this online application. Average per month hit is around 1500. www.dmic.org.bd/factsheet Disaster Incidence Database
The Online database is to keep record of disaster event in Bangladesh. The Web-GIS interface is capable to show the extent/coverage of each disaster along with damage information and available report related to disasters. The database Who is doing What, Where and also stores GLIDE (Global Disaster Identi er) Number if available. Average per When (4W) database month hit for this site is 2500. www.dmic.org.bd/didb Online Web-GIS based application to track Cyclone Shelter Database DRR investment in Bangladesh by di erent actors. Average per month hit on this site is This online database is to disseminate information about cyclone shelter in the around 800. www.dmic.org.bd/4w coastal area. Union-wise shelter information with geographical location. Total 3777 numbers of Cyclone Shelters are inserted into this database. Average per month hit is calculated as 1300 . www.dmic.org.bd/csdb
68 Being a eld level o cer of the Department of Disaster Management and a“ disaster management ghter, I need to deal with natural disasters like ood, nor’wester, tornado, cyclone as well as accidents like re, road/naval accident, factory accident and building collapse. DMIC information hub makes my job easy and fast as I get all the information from one source.” Md. Ismail Hossain, Upazila Project Implementation O cer Department of Disaster Management (DDM), Keraniganj, Dhaka
Comprehensive Disaster Management Program Website
That contains all of the publications developed and uploaded from CDMP. As of June 2015 the total hit counted is 1768183. www.cdmp.org.bd
E-library
First of its kind in Disaster Management in Bangladesh where visitors can read and download di erent publications and Policies like Disaster Management act 2012, Standing Order etc,. Besides, this library also provides information and experience sharing opportunity among the stakeholders. http://kmp.dmic.org.bd
E-learning
Online Disaster Management Learning facility for anyone who wants to learn and build career in Disaster Management . Average per month hit calculated as 4000. http://elearning.cdmp.org.bd/
69 A Summary of Outreach Activities
70 In observance of the National Preparedness Day (March 27, 2014) and to sensitize senior level journalists on DRR and CCA, CDMP in partnership with the Daily Prothom Alo organized a roundtable titled “The Role of media in Disaster Management”. The roundtable was held on March 19, 2014 and received full page coverage published on the NDPD. (http://epaper.prothom-alo.com/view/dhaka/2014-03-27/12 ).
Roundtable meeting on “The Role of media in Disaster Management”
In order to sensitize and educate mid-level journalists, CDMP in partnership with Dhaka Reporters' Unity (DRU) CDMP has also sensitized and educated senior and and Bangladesh Climate Journalists Forum organized a mid-level journalists from 13 disaster prone districts. workshop on ‘DRR and CCA: Role of journalists’ on June Emphasis was given to report on disaster risk reduction 11, 2014. Mr. Hasanul Haq Inu, Honourable Minister, and creating awareness about individual, family and Ministry of Information; Dr Hasan Mahmud, Chairman community’s role in preparedness. of the Parliamentary Standing Committee for the MoEF; Mr. Mezbah ul Alam, Secretary, MoDMR, Mr. Elias Khan Furthermore, CDMP has promoted the E-Library on Secretary, DRU attended the inauguration session. 40 Disaster Management (www.dmic.org.bd/e-library). participants from print and electronic media attended The library has had huge success: between March 18, the workshop. 2014 and December 31, 2014 the e-library was -Library CDMP has sensitized and educated all 14 community accessed around 600,000 times and 27,000 items were radio stations on DRR and CCA; and carried out a downloaded from the e-library. It has been promoted location speci c hazard communication in building regionally, nationally and locally using direct mail, an community resilience. In August 2014 Radio Chilmari, inaugural event with the presence of Minister and Kurigram broadcasted special programs on ood for 2 Secretary of MoDMR and other relevant stakeholders, out of 3 hours of its operation. The programs covered stickers, lea ets, and through referral communication. ood preparedness and response issues with special emphasis on how to save crops and livestock. Observance of NDPD and IDDR: In observance of NDPD 100,000 posters on Fire Hazard and 20,000 NDPD Rajshahi University has received CDMP support to o er thematic posters were printed and distributed across a separate 3 credit course on Disaster Management for the country. CDMP supported the organization of a Masters Students of Journalism and Mass National Seminar and Exhibition; NDPD newspaper Communication Department. supplements for one Bengali and English dailies, and supported TeleTalk for IVR campaign. Similar support 71 was extended in observance of IDDR 2014. Visits by Development Partners to CDMP and project locations have been facilitated Search and rescue operations at Rana Plaza received immense attention from both through development and preparation of communication packages and print and electronic media. It received media coverage for over 20 days in a row. A presentations. Some of the major visit includes Australian Parliamentary Secretary large number of TV programs and more than 40 news articles reported CDMP’s for Paci c Island A airs Richard Marles visits to Char Kukri-Mukri, Bhola, UNDP response to Savar Rana Plaza incident. CDMP’s rural risk reduction interventions Assistant Administrator for the Asia and the Paci c region Mr. Haoliang Xu’s visit to bene ts were also reported in newspapers and online newspapers during the Disaster Resilient Habitat (DRH) Bainpara, Dacope, Khulna cyclonic storm Mahasen. CDMP supported Bangladesh’s participation to AMCDRR, (http://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/2014/05/20/tough-homes-in-coastal-areas), GPDRR, Asian Advisory Group of Parliamentarians for Disaster Risk Reduction (AAGP) Swedish Minister and Parliamentarians visit to DRH Bainpara and Mongla; Norwegian etc. through development and production of audio visual materials, publication, And Danish Ambassador’s visit to DRH; European Union Head of Delegation’s visit to presentation, brie ng paper and talking points for delegation members. . Moulovibazar.
CDMP and its project locations were visited by many foreign DRR and CCA Mainstreaming DRR and CCA was covered by IRIN. practitioners – namely students from Copenhagen University; Imperial College, (http://www.irinnews.org/fr/report/99488/bangladesh-teaches-disaster-preparedness-to-red London; ICCCAD, IUB, Dhaka uce-risk)
72 Challenges, Lessons Learned
Since inception there have been several challenges in implementing CDMP interventions, some of which have been e ectively overcome, while a few issues are still to be resolved. The lessons learned during implementation will be helpful for the successful completion of the CDMP II as well as any other future programme/projects. Management
Concerns about management and leadership practices within CDMP have Summary of the major challenges and lessons learned been long standing, documented as far back as the MTR in 2012. The management structure set out in the project document has not been allowed to function as intended. National Ownership
The project has been criticized for an apparent lack of national ownership and sustainability. The MoDMR has not accepted this Opportunities for mid-course correction presented through the criticism and senior o cials have consistently stated their MTR and other reviews have to be taken seriously to ensure ownership and commitment to CDMP results. However, some project success. lessons learned are: Performance management processes for senior sta should include a 360 degree evaluation that includes feedback from key It is imperative to establish a common set of expectations with key stakeholders including UNDP and DPs. stakeholders on sustainability at the outset, and to map out the steps that all stakeholders will take to achieve sustainable results. Clear delineation of management responsibilities across di erent roles is essential. It is important that the project Steering Committee should meet regularly and measure project outputs against the achievement of the strategic Sta ng structure must re ect the requirement of the expected outcomes and take action to align the two. results, including su cient resources for Monitoring and Evaluation of results, coupled with a robust and comprehensive There are many actors involved in disaster management in Bangladesh. M&E plan. Management of a comprehensive DM project has to be done in close and continuous dialogue with a broad range of main actors, including civil A project with a vision of policy and/or institutional change society, the UN system and Development Partners. should have a strong knowledge management and advocacy strategy, supported by su cient human and nancial resources. All implementation should be demand-driven, and based on a thorough and robust assessment of needs and preferences of the client. Supply-side An important aspect of UNDP’s value-for-money lies in utilization delivery does not tend to achieve sustainable results. of its global tools, approaches and resources. Better use of those resources could have been made. 73 Achieving a comprehensive approach Local Level Risk Reduction
CDMP had a very ambitious agenda for change in a wide range of It is di cult to maintain high operational DMC functionality during between sectors. Many projects have been initiated, some of which have disasters. Rapid onset disasters with devastating impact, like cyclones, bring produced excellent results, but they have not been connected about a much higher preparedness level and a better organized response, while logically in a theory of change. Further, there has not been a DMCs are comparatively less functional in response to slow onset disasters. consistent approach to capacity development, and addressing Almost all risk reduction interventions conceived locally are structural, not institutional resistance to change that would have enhanced to recognizing the equal importance of investment in local capacity development sustainable outcomes. and livelihood security. Further, routine maintenance of infrastructure built with LDRRF funding was not ensured.
Complex projects must identify at the outset all of the elements required for long term durable change, and the sequence in which they need to be addressed, to allow the maximum amount of implementation time to deliver results. Keeping Union DMCs engaged in disaster risk reduction results in higher level of DMC functionality. Investment in structural risk An adequately long inception phase to establish a robust reduction interventions through local DMCs empowers DMCs to theory of change, project planning and management perform its other functions too. However, realistic expectations of arrangements, build relationships and get senior level UDMCs and UzDMCs to manage projects is needed and a capacity government champions on-board facilitates genuine change. assessment and development should be undertaken.
Constantly reviewing and reprioritizing the work plan to MoDMR may consider revising the role of the UDMC in the SOD to ensure real time relevance and sustainable impact is needed. emphasize community representation and accountability in project This enables projects to scale-up, scale-down or abort delivery as well as provider of early warning, risk reduction, rescue and activities as required by changing circumstances. relief. Currently many UDMCs do not have the capacity to provide or manage DRR projects. Capacity development should be tailored to support the roles held. Professionalizing Disaster Management Awareness-raising is required to bring about informed decisions about To bring a great number of academic institutions with no track record the suitable mix of structural and non-structural local risk reduction of earlier cooperation together on the same platform is a challenge. interventions. Academic standards vary on newly incorporated DM courses. Signi cant e ort to ensure consistency and quality of training is Establishment of a disaster management fund is potentially high critical. Capacity development needs were not systematically impact, but should be more decentralized than the CDMP LDRRF assessed at the outset. When such assessments were done they programme. tended to be ad hoc before undertaking training programmes. A thorough analysis of the costs and bene ts of integrating DRR It requires advocacy activities to mobilize individual members of capacity and outcomes within the work of line ministries, for example a network to come up with collective actions like meeting the LGED public works or MoDMR post-disaster social safety nets , together, identifying key priority areas and setting up the rather than creating parallel programmes such as LDRRF, should be procedure for operating the network. undertaken by the Government as a priority.
A broad-based capacity needs assessment at the beginning of Working closely with DDM and other development partners at eld the project is a precondition for any capacity development level to ensure better coordination, minimise duplication and e ective activity. resources mobilization. 74 Reducing Urban Risks Improving Response Capacity
Urban projects are typically complex, with a great number of While investments in the government’s early warning systems have paid departments involved and many regulations to consider. Unlike in o , challenges remain in community based dissemination. Further, new rural settings, where local risk reduction is by default targeting poor areas with under-developed warning systems are becoming more communities, poverty targeting in urban settings is a challenge. vulnerable to intensi ed disasters with a changing climate. Urban disasters, such as res and building collapses, are more complicated to deal with.
Partnership with urban local governments is an e ective way to handle the regulatory complexities and overlapping jurisdictional responsibilities to Formally engaging DMCs, NGOs, village police, youth clubs and implement urban interventions. other associations as community volunteers may be an e ective and cost e cient way to disseminate warnings to local It is important to form and empower community committees which will be communities. involved in project from planning stage throughout implementation and monitoring to ensure that projects respond to needs of poor urban Expansion of volunteer networks, including the mobilization of communities. women volunteers, is important to manage the risks of exposed areas. MoDMR must institutionalize its support for disaster Integration in poverty reduction programmes of government and other volunteerism and consider how the GoB may support the actors, for example UNDP’s Urban Partnerships for Poverty Reduction (UPPR) ongoing costs of such initiatives. to enhance ownership. Urban disasters require focused and highly disciplined response CDMP II piloted e orts to seek cost-sharing from City Corporations which with appropriate tools and technologies, as well as an incident was only partially successful. Contributions should be calculated based on management system that clearly de nes the roles and need and ability to pay. Contributions from City Corporations should be responsibilities of various rst responders. received prior to a project starting.
75 Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Management Adaptation to Climate Change
Partner departments have di erent appetites and pace in With the present structural setting and rules of business of the host embracing DRR & CCA and in implementing pilot projects. While ministry, integration and convergence of CCA and DDR is a daunting task. some show a lot of enthusiasm, others are lukewarm. Community-based interventions alone cannot ensure climate adaptive livelihoods.
Analysis about the gaps around DRR and CCA within planning and operational frameworks must be undertaken at the outset and Climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction require activities focused, at least in part, on addressing them. Capacity constant and sustained capacity development of the partners and development is needed in addition to planning support in order to stakeholders both at national and local levels. implement the resultant plans. E orts must be made to mobilize various government social Support for change must be developed at the most senior levels of the safety nets and development projects to support adaptive partner ministries with constant feedback and advocacy maintained livelihoods. throughout implementation targeting senior levels. Focal points at a more junior level have worked well for administrative communication, Local Government Institutions need to be mobilized and but such people are not well placed to drive wider institutional capacitated to plan, nance and implement localized climate change. change adaptation.
Mainstreaming through thematic projects should be complemented Displacement has emerged as one of the greatest single impacts by guidance, tools and methodologies from an apex body that sits of climate change, looming as a potential threat for one of every above line ministries, for example the Ministry of Planning’s General seven people in Bangladesh, and the country needs to develop a Economics Division. strategy for climate change induced forced migration.
Uptake of DRR-CCA agenda in various departments has to be supported by adequate resource allocation to avoid wearing out the enthusiasm of departments in expanding and operationalizing their DRR/CCA portfolio.
PIB’s attempt to develop a communication strategy for the MoDMR failed, but it is still needed. The Ministry should communicate more frequently and e ectively to vulnerable and disaster a ected communities regarding all major hazard types to raise awareness among the general population.
Mainstreaming is a long term and continuous process, which takes time for institutionalization.
76 Knowledge Management Fiduciary Risk Management CDMP has invested a lot of e ort and funding in developing the Fiduciary risks have posed a challenge at times despite the almost knowledge base on disasters and climate change in Bangladesh. The 100% track record of FAPAD audit compliance. CDMP has initiated and project has often, though, been criticised for not disseminating its implemented the following activities to manage and minimize such work e ectively. risks:
Research uptake is a challenge in any country and eld of Recruitment of an audit/ nancial control specialist. endeavour. Greater engagement of potential end users at the very outset of research design would create demand Investigation by UNDP O ce of Audit and Investigations, early and facilitate dissemination later. followed by disciplinary or risk reduction actions;
The assumption that a national launch ceremony for a piece Transparent disclosure to Government and development of work, however culturally acceptable it is in Bangladesh, is partners when needed. not enough on its own to ensure proper dissemination and application of knowledge products. Regular progress reviews, eld visits by CDMP/LDRRF sta , with spot checks of physical against nancial progress and Greater use of on-line formats including e-book formats, maintenance of nancial documents; geonode les for map products, web pages, with social media support, would facilitate dissemination and uptake. UNDP must follow through on its commitments to support quality assurance and duciary risk management. The DDM e-library has proven to be a popular and accessible tool for dissemination. Further e ort, beyond Basic orientation and refreshers to LDRRF sta on UNDP CDMP II, must be made to ensure that other organizations nancial procedures and transparent nancial post their work on it if it is to be a sustainable one stop management at eld level; information hub. A sign in to download documents would make it easier to capture where the downloaded Orientation to implementing partner NGOs on UNDP/GoB information is going and where it may be applied. nancial compliance and UNDP expectations.
77 Financial Progress
The initial budget of CDMP Phase II was USD 50 million. The project was The distribution of the project budget across di erent outcomes, including designed with exibility for other donors to join by contributing to the the technical assistance expenditure and General Management Services cost LDRRF project interventions. This option was taken up by Norway and as well as the contribution of the Government of Bangladesh is represented AusAID. In total the budget grew to USD 76.16 million. graphically below. The GoB budget was allocated for administrative cost coverage, including payment of Customs Duties and Value Added Tax for Total Commited Contribution international procurements, the actual cost of fuel for vehicles and the backup generator used in the o ce, vehicle maintenance costs, electricity bills and salary for GoB o cials’. This was in addition to the GoB contribution $0.96 GoB of o ce space to the CDMP project team. The GoB contribution to the UNDP $6.00 project was, in total, $0.96 million, or 1% $8.32 AusAID Outcome-wise Budget (2010-2015) $17.00 EU Figure in million US$ Sida $7.00 Outcome1: Professionalizing DM System $2.77 DFID Outcome 2: Rural Risk Reduction $2.35 Norway $16.88 Outcome 3: Urban Risk Reduction $10.62 Norway DFID Sida EU AusAID UNDP GoB 22% 26 9% 22% 11% 8% 1% Outcome 4: Preparedness and Response $10.93 Figure 1: Total Contribution of CDMP II Budget in USD Outcome 5: Mainstreaming DRR-CCA Outcome 6: Adaption $1.16
Outcome 7: Technical Assistance $10.22
GMS $4.53
GOB $0.96
$5.00 $10.00 $15.00 $20.00 $25.00 $30.00
Figure 2: Outcome budget for 2010 – 2015 in USD
78
6% GOB 4% 1% 2% GMS 13% Technical Assistance Adaptation 14% This graph on the right indicates the distribution of the project budget Mainstreaming DRR-CCA 35% Preparedness and Response across di erent outcomes in % where the major share of contribution was 11% for the Outcome 2, Outcome 3 and Outcome 5 respectively. Urban Risk Reduction 14% Rural Risk Reduction Professionalizing DM System
Figure 3: Composite outcome budget for 2010 – 2015 (%)
The graphs below show the yearly progress of the project between 2010 -2014. The delay in getting the Technical Project Proforma approved (TPP) and the delay in getting the full CDMP technical team on board a ected the progress of the rst year of the project. However, CDMP implementation was able to gain momentum from 2011 onwards through to 2013. The challenging political situation and continuous civil disturbances in the country from late 2013 until the election in January 2014 slowed down delivery progress during 2014. Funds unspent by the end of 2014 are being used to complete project activities during 2015 under a No Cost Extension agreed between development partners (excluding Australia) and GoB in September 2014.
Year- wise Expenditure 2010-2014 Figure 5 : Outcome-wise expenditure (2010 - 2014) in USD The graphs on the $25.00 Figure in million USS left show the $20.00 outcome wise
9.55 progress of the 8.60 8.15 $15.00 6.38 17.72 project between 3.53
1.47 2010 -2014 stood 0.95 0.40 $10.00 at USD 56.75 million. $5.00
$- 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Figure 4: Multi-year Expenditure trend (2010 - 2014)
79 Australian contribution to CDMP II
The Australian contribution to CDMP II was US$ 8.32 million (AUD 8.00 million) as per the currency conversion rate in the year of commitment. This contribution amounted to 11% of the overall programme budget. At the end of 2014 the Australian contribution was fully committed and there will be no refund of unspent resources. The expenditure up to December 2014 amounted to USD 7.84 million against the committed funds of USD 8.32 million and the balance has been spent, against contracts agreed within the implementation phase (2010-2014) within rst two quarters of 2015.
Figure 6: Donor- wise Contribution & Expenditure
Total Commited Contribution 16.88
14.73 T. Exp. 2010-14 13.33 11.73 20.00 8.32 17.00 7.84 7.00 6.00 6.14 2.58
Norway DFID Sida EU AusAID UNDP
80 Promising initiatives for further development
Way Forward CDMP has focused on areas that are considered, among others, key drivers of resilience – local level nancing, vulnerability analysis, early warning, social mobilization, response capacities. Many CDMP activities have created impact and should be taken forward. Below are examples of some promising CDMP initiatives and positive experiences that can be further developed.
Building on the successful roll-out of early warning systems, strengthen Building on key partner ministries embracing DRR/CCA guidelines and community based dissemination of warnings and forecasts by linking IT and portfolios, establish and implement intra- and inter-ministry coordination social mobilization. led by the MoDMR and the Ministries of Planning and Finance.
Building on the promising engagement of urban volunteers, further support Drawing on longstanding UNDP partnership, support the MoDMR and DDM and develop FSCD’s ability to respond to urban disasters. in implementation of the National Disaster Management Plan and Standing Orders on Disaster. Recognizing the crucial contributions made by volunteers as rst responders, establish a volunteer institute/organization for policy Building on the Government’s commitment to DRR/CCA convergence, formulation, advocacy, coordination of activities, support and protection, establish a national platform for disaster and climate change resilience with monitoring and dissemination of good practices. shared governance of GoB, civil society and private sector, support implementation of a national communication strategy on disaster resilience Building on CDMP experience in Community Risk Assessment and Risk and a range of knowledge sharing and advocacy events. Reduction Action Plans, develop the capacity of Local Government Institutions to prepare risk informed plans. Drawing on Government commitment to resilient recovery and the new emerging funding opportunities, assist the mainstreaming of build back Drawing on LDRRF experience, strengthen supportive services for local better approaches. capacity development through collaboration in diverse partnerships, including accountability mechanisms and gender mainstreaming. The Building on the partnership trust developed with MoDMR, DDM and key LDDRF experience has emphasized the need for local level change in ministries, continue to develop Government capacity to take the lead on risk achieving disaster resilience. management, response and recovery. Only Government led engagement can achieve the scale needed for the country to become resilient to disasters and emerging climate change.
Bangladesh’s disaster management capacity has developed signi cantly with support from CDMP II and other initiatives. With the advent of the new Sendai Framework for Action, building on Hyogo, and the new Sustainable Development Goals to be launched, a step change is now required to achieve resilient development. Disasters of all kinds will continue to strike Bangladesh and so it will also be essential to continue to improve the capacity of the nation to manage its residual risk.
81 Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme II (CDMP II)
Disaster Management and Relief Bhaban (6th Floor), 92-93 Mohakhali C/A, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh. Tel: +880 2 9890937, 8821255, 8821459 (PABX) Fax: +880-2 9890854 Web: www.cdmp.org.bd E-mail: [email protected]
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